Linux and Microcontroller Tips

How to Find HardDisk Partitian UUID, Label , Type and Device node Identifier in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

2011-12-13T20:23:00.000+05:30

Some times you need to know the device node identifier. e.g. /dev/sda1, a partition UUID, a partition label or partition type (ntfs,fat32 etc). By using the following command you can see all the relevant information about your partitions.

Open a Terminal

$ sudo blkid -c /dev/null

sample output

/dev/sda1: UUID="D8C0A470C0A45692" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="Ddrive" UUID="FA0C1D8C0C1D44D3" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda6: UUID="1ccc38e0-5981-438b-adc0-d90301eee022" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda7: UUID="03a0bd37-b163-49a2-b1a9-33017d764ba8" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda8: LABEL="ibex" UUID="61f6b15b-8be8-43d8-904f-4e599b608994" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda9: UUID="3b70839c-525c-490c-9892-791a539b3005" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda10: LABEL="EDrive" UUID="E8B8420AB841D7A8" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/ramzswap0: TYPE="swap"

How to Monitor Realtime Network Traffic in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

2011-12-12T21:36:00.003+05:30

Here you can see How to Monitor Realtime Incoming Network Traffic in Ubuntu / Debian Linux with simple Utility IFSTAT

How to Install ifstat

Open a terminal

$ sudo apt-get install ifstat

How to run

$ ifstat

output

eth0                  eth1

 KB/s in  KB/s out   KB/s in  KB/s out

    4.67      5.21      3.67      5.05

    3.93      4.59      0.38      0.74

    3.93      4.59      6.19      8.30

    3.93      4.59      3.03      4.33

sudo with out asking password in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

2011-12-08T22:58:00.000+05:30

How to sudo with out asking password in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

open a terminal

$ sudo visudo

Now Add this line at the end (change “panayara” to your username):

panayara ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Ctrl-X to leave, save your changes, and you're done!

What are seven fields in the Ubuntu Linux Password file

2011-12-07T21:17:00.000+05:30

What are seven fields in the /etc/passwd file (Ubuntu Linux Password file)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

username:x:UID:GID:comment:home directory:shell

"username" is login name.
"x" is link of password.
"UID" stands for userID.
"GID" stands for groupID.

Common Filesystem Types used in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

2011-12-06T21:03:00.000+05:30

Filesystem Types
* The most common filesystem types are:
ext2,ext3,ext4               The standard Linux filesystems

iso9660            The filesystem used on CD-ROMs

proc              Not a real filesystem, so uses none as the device.
                         Used as a way for the kernel to report system information to user processes

Sysfs               exports information about devices and drivers from the kernel device model to user space

vfat                The filesystem used by Windows 95

auto                Not a real filesystem type. Used as a way of asking the mount command to probe for various
                       filesystem types, particularly for removable media

ReiserFS         is a general-purpose, journaled computer file system designed and implemented by a team at
                       Namesys led by Hans Reiser

 XFS       is a journaling filesystem,  developed  by  SGI

JFS       is  a  journaling  filesystem,  developed  by IBM

tmpfs is a common name for a temporary file storage facility on many Unix-like operating systems

usbfs USB Device Filesystem.

Networked filesystems include
nfs (Unix-specific)
smbfs (Windows or Samba)

List of Server applications you can run in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

2011-12-04T23:27:00.000+05:30

Name of some Server applications you can run in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

apache — Web server

boa — lightweight Web server
sshd — ssh server
sendmail — mail server
qmail — mail server
postfix — mail server
named — DNS server

bind --- DNS Server
squid — Web proxy server
nessusd — penetration testing server
postgresql — database server
mysql — database server
oracle — database server

telnet — telnet server
wu-ftpd — ftp server
vsftpf ---- ftp server
samba -- windows file sharing

And more............

Useful Linux Network Commands for Ubuntu / Debian

2011-11-30T21:53:00.001+05:30

Ubuntu Linux Useful Networking commands

    ifconfig – displays information network
    iwconfig – displays information from wireless
    sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset the network
    /etc/network/interfaces – (file) manual configuration
    ifup interface – bring online interface
    ifdown interface – disable interface

iwlist scan - shows wireless networks that are available in the area with basic encryption information
lshw -C network - Shows Details of Interface card and drivers of each networking device

lspci -nn - Shows PCI vendor and device codes as both numbers and names of hardware connected to the pci bus
lsusb - Shows USB connected hardware
lshw -C usb - Additional info on USB related hardware (good for USB dongles)

route -n - Lists kernel IP routing table — Good for troubleshooting problems with the gateway
sudo dhclient - Request IP address from DHCP server for specified interface
sudo dhclient -r - Release IP address associated with specified interface
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules - (File) which assigns logical names (eth0, wlan0, etc) to MAC addresses
cat /etc/resolv.conf - Lists DNS servers associated with network connections

How to Resize FAT Filesytem using Ubuntu LInux Utility : Fatresize

2011-11-03T22:35:00.000+05:30

Fatresize is a command line tool for resizing MS Windows FAT16 / FAT32 file systems.
Fatresize Installation:

$ sudo apt-get install fatresize

Using Fatresize:
Fatresize follow the usual GNU command line syntax, with long options starting with two dashes (`-'). A summary of options is included below.
-h --help: Show summary of options.
-s --size: Re-size volume to SIZE[k|M|G|ki|Mi|Gi] bytes
-i --info: Show volume information
-p --progress: Show progress
-q --quite: Be quite
-v --verbose: Verbose (not version)

Fatresize Examples:

fatresize -s 2G /dev/evms/hdb2
fatresize -q -s 3G /dev/hde6
fatresize -i /dev/hdg3

How to Find the type of Memory Installed in Your Computer : Ubuntu Trick

2011-10-29T23:16:00.001+05:30

In the case of upgrading, you have to know what type of memory installed in your machine. Capacity, Type, Speed etc. here you can see a simple trick to find all details of your memory.

Open a terminal and type the following

$ sudo dmidecode --type memory

You can see the output like this

# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.4 present.

Handle 0x0017, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
    Location: System Board Or Motherboard
    Use: System Memory
    Error Correction Type: None
    Maximum Capacity: 8 GB
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Number Of Devices: 4
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x0017
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 2048 MB
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: J6H2
    Bank Locator: CHAN A DIMM 1
    Type: DDR2
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
    Manufacturer: 0x7F4F000000000000
    Serial Number: 0x0007BF39
    Asset Tag: Unknown
    Part Number: 0x4A4D383030514C552D324720202020202020

Trash-cli : Manage Trash from Command line in Ubuntu Linux

2011-10-27T23:02:00.000+05:30

By using a utility named trash-cli you can simply mange Trash from command line

The location of Trash folder in old GNOME version is (~/.Trash), in current versions it is in ~/.local/share/Trash. There is two sub folders named files and info. The files folder contains the files deleted and info directory consists of meta data for each deleted file.

First step, install trash-cli utility

$ sudo apt-get install trash-cli

It installs three commands,
1. list-trash to list down the files in trash
2. trash to move the file to trash
3. restore-trash to restore the file to original path

Usage:

$ trash love.txt      ( move the file love.txt to trash folder)

$ list-trash    (List the contents of Trash folder)

       2011-10-27 22:46:28 /home/abc/love.txt

$ restore-trash love.txt   (Restore the file love.txt)

   0 2011-10-27 22:46:28 /home/abc/love.txt
What file to restore [0..0]: 0 (if there is more than one file list shows 1 2 3 etc)

How to Create Encrypted Folder in Ubuntu with Cryptkeeper

2011-09-25T21:48:00.000+05:30

We can create Encrypted Folder in Ubuntu using Cryptkeeper. Cryptkeeper is a system tray applet for Linux that is designed to provide you with simplified options to create hidden encrypted directories. You can save your important data on the password-protected and encypted directories and access at any time by displaying a hidden folder option in the system tray.

How to install cryptkeeper in ubuntu

Open a terminal and type the following

$ sudo apt-get install cryptkeeper

Linux Then and Now (Linux Development Milestones )

2011-09-14T18:22:00.000+05:30

Linux Then and Now (Linux Development Milestones )

Vinux : Ubuntu For Blind (visually Impaired users)

2011-09-12T18:17:00.000+05:30

Vinux is a remastered version of the Ubuntu Linux Distribution optimized for visually impaired users. It provides a screen-reader, full-screen magnification and support for Braille displays out of the box! It can be run from a Live CD without making any changes to your hard drive. If you like it you can install it to a USB pendrive or to your hard drive either alongside Windows using the Virtual Version, or as a complete replacement for windows.
see More Here

What is Socket and PORT in Computer Network Programming

2011-07-26T14:56:00.000+05:30

Port
A port represents an endpoint or "channel" for network communications. Port numbers allow different applications on the same computer to utilize network resources without interfering with each other.

The purpose of ports is to differentiate multiple endpoints on a given network address. You could say that a port is a virtualised endpoint. This virtualisation makes possible multiple concurrent connections on a single network interface.

Socket
A socket represents a single connection between two network applications. These two applications nominally run on different computers, but sockets can also be used for interprocess communication on a single computer. Applications can create multiple sockets for communicating with each other. Sockets are bidirectional, meaning that either side of the connection is capable of both sending and receiving data. Therefore a socket can be created theoretically at any level of the OSI model from 2 upwards.

The combination of an IP address and a port is strictly known as an endpoint and is sometimes called a socket. A socket is not bound to TCP/IP, it can be any protocol

How to Add a Network printer in Ubuntu 10.04

2011-07-22T10:34:00.000+05:30

Here I have a Network printer connected in 192.168.0.2 . It is an HP Printer.

Select System --> Administration --> Printing

Now Select Add then Expand the Network Printer option , select Find Network Printer , then type your Print server IP and press FIND Button

It will automaticaly detect your printer

Now it will ask for exact printer model , select printer brand and model from Menu.

After Adding Printer You can right click on printer and make proper settings

How to Select a Linux Distibution - Simple Guide

2011-07-05T21:55:00.000+05:30

If you are a person that caught the world attention and want to try a linux distro, but you do not know what to start, and where to start, here I will offer a little help.

see this site
http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/index.php?select_lang=true

Burn CD, DVD and Blu-Ray in Ubuntu Linux using Silicon Empire

2011-07-04T21:27:00.001+05:30

Burn CD, DVD and Blu-Ray in Ubuntu Linux using Silicon EmpireSilicon Empire is an application for GNU / Linux that lets you record and manage optical discs such as CD, DVD and Blu-Ray. It is written in Qt, a widely used multi-platform library for developing applications with graphical user interface as well as for developing non-GUI programs as tools for the command line and console server.

Silicon Empire uses cdrtools and gives us the ability to copy or burn a data disc images, erase or mount DVDs. For the time being to create an audio CD, though (curiously) comes with a player music ( MiniTuner ) and even a picture viewer, these (as well as the characteristics of CD / DVD) are called "Sapplications" which are basically plug-ins, so you could get more of these in the future.

Features

    Record, copy and erase optical discs
    Supports CDs, DVDs and BluRays
    Show all information about disks and optical drives before starting to record / copy / delete.
    It Supports Iso,. Nrg,. Bin. Mdf and. Img
    Manager images from CD / DVD
    Support for drag and drop
    Copy all or only part of the discs

Download deb package from here
http://getsilicon.org/download/silicon_1.7.3_amd64.deb

How to Install Mozilla Firefox 4 in Ubuntu Linux

2011-04-23T00:16:00.000+05:30

If possible remove the older version first.

Now You can start Firefox 4 Installation

1. Open Synaptic Package Manager and add the Firefox PPA to the Software Resources.
(Settings --> Repositories --> Other Software , now click on Add Button and Enter ppa as shown below

2. ppa:mozillateam/firefox-stable

3. Now Click on Reload button to update the Software Repository.

4. Now enter "Firefox 4" in Search box of synaptic package Manager

5. Mark Firefox 4 for Installation

6. Press Apply Button

Kerala Entrance Exam 2011 (KEAM 2011) Answer Key And Solutions Published

2011-04-19T09:59:00.002+05:30

Kerala Entrance Exam 2011 (KEAM 2011) Answer Key And Solutions Published

Click here for KEY and Solution of Maths/Physics/Chemistry (2011)(TIMES)

Click here for KEY and Solution of Physics/Chemistry(2011) (from .brilliantpala.)

Click here for Key for Mathematics(2011)

Tell your Friend about this site . This site is exclusively designed for Engineering Students. www.keralalinux.com

Kerala Entrance Exam 2011 Answer key and Solution will be published . For answer Key and solutions please keep in touch regular on this site. Official site of CEE will publish after 21-04-2011. Some other sites are under the preparation of key. So please keep in touch regular on this site.

Download Free Qt Training Course Material for KDE Developers and Teachers

2011-03-01T21:22:00.000+05:30

QT is produced by Nokia's Qt Development Frameworks division,. Nokia's Qt team has unveiled a new initiative - namely to build awareness about Qt - Qt is a cross-platform application and UI framework - among students and Teachers.

Qt is most notably used in Nokia, Autodesk, Google Earth, KDE, Adobe Photoshop Album, the European Space Agency, Volvo, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Skype, VLC media player, Samsung, Philips and VirtualBox

This Qt Course Material has around 10 lectures that cover the basics of Qt in addition to some special topics. It includes s PowerPoint slides, notes, exercises etc which will make their job a lot easier in teaching Qt to their students.

You can download all the lectures together in one file (45 MB download) or download individual lectures.

How to Convert Webpage to PDF in Ubuntu/Debian Linux : wkhtmltopdf

2011-02-24T23:05:00.000+05:30

Wkhtmltopdf is a command line utility for converting webpage / html to PDF.

Features

Convert web pages into PDF documents using webkit
Adding headers and footers (static version only)
TOC generation (static version only)
Batch mode conversions
(Linux) No longer requires an XServer to be running (however the X11 client libs must be installed)

How to install wkhtmltopdf in Ubuntu / Debian
$ sudo apt-get install wkhtmltopdf

See More Usage Details here

How to : simulation of arduino programs using virtual breadboard (Freeware)

2011-02-22T22:32:00.000+05:30

VirtualBreadboard is a simulation and development environment for embedded applications that use microcontrollers. It is easy to use and can replace a protoboard for experimenting with new designs.It is a freeware.

VBB simulates many of the PIC16 and PIC18 microcontroller devices with now Arduino emulation. In addition a wide variety of simulated components such as LCD’s, Servos, logic and other IO devices that can be used to model and simulate high level circuits. See More Here

VBB HOME

How to watch the Bandwidth Stats by Process using NetHogs in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

2011-02-18T13:44:00.000+05:30

NetHogs is a lightweight Linux text-based tool that monitors bandwidth usage, then groups it by process, Network administrators can can see which PIDs are using the most bandwidth, and if necessary, you can kill the process.
It supports

Shows TCP download- and upload-speed per process
Supports both IPv4 and IPv6
Supports both Ethernet and PPP

How to Install Nethogs in Ubuntu /debian

Open a Terminal and type the following

$sudo apt-get install nethogs

Usage:

$ sudo nethogs eth0

For More help

$ man nethogs

How to change the Grub 2 settings without using the command line In Ubuntu 10.10 with Grub Customizer 2.0

2011-02-16T21:59:00.000+05:30

Grub Customizer is a graphical interface to configure the grub2. The application allows the user to add, remove, freeze, rename and reorder boot menu items. Grub Customizer 2.0 contains an user interface to edit the /etc/default/grub-Settings. It a;so help you to select the default entry, change the visibility of the menu, timeout, kernel parameters, disable recovery entries, change screen resolution, (GFX_MODE), Menu colors (grub2 only), background image (grub2 only). You can avoid the painful experience of command line based Grub Editing.

How to install Grub Customizer 2.0 In ubuntu
Open A Terminal and type the following

$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
$sudo apt-get update
$sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Now it is available in Menu

Applications > System Tools > Grub Customizer

Best download Manger for Ubuntu Linux - Uget

2011-02-07T18:36:00.000+05:30

Uget (formerly urlgfe) is a Free and Open Source download manager written in GTK+ , it has many of features like easy-to-use , cross-platform (Windows & GNU/Linux) , support pause and resume , classify download , every category has an independent configuration
Free and Open Source .
Simple , easy-to-use and lightweight .
Support resume download , so if your connction lost you don’t need to start from first .
Classify downloads , and every category has independent configuration and queue .
Queue download .
Integrate with Firefox through Flashgot plugin .
Monitoring clipboard .
Import downloads from HTML file .
Batch download , you can download many files has same arrange , like file_1 file_2 …. file_20 , you don’t need to add all links , just one link and changeable character .
Can be used from command line .

how to install uget in ubuntu

$ apt-get install uget