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	<title type="text">Sinoglot</title>
	<subtitle type="text">Language in China, eclectically</subtitle>

	<updated>2012-02-07T01:39:20Z</updated>

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		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Dyslexia]]></title>
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		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4696</id>
		<updated>2012-02-06T01:35:13Z</updated>
		<published>2012-02-07T01:39:20Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Uncategorized" /><category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="dyslexia" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve had this conversation a dozen times with friends. Chances are so have you. It starts when someone asks if there&#8217;s such a thing as dyslexia in the Mandarin-speaking world. After all, if dyslexia means mixing up letters, and there are no letters, then there must be no dyslexia, right? This came across my Twitter [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/02/07/dyslexia/"><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve had this conversation a dozen times with friends. Chances are so have you. It starts when someone asks if there&#8217;s such a thing as dyslexia in the Mandarin-speaking world. After all, if dyslexia means mixing up letters, and there are no letters, then there must be no dyslexia, right?</p>
<p>This came across my Twitter radar earlier today. It was a quick conversation between <a href="https://twitter.com/#!/stinson">Matthew Stinson</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/#!/Chassit">Kane Gao</a>, the latter having <a href="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2010/11/25/yakja/">provided fodder</a> for posts in the past. Today it was about why there seems to be few (if any) known cases (in the mass-consumer English speaking world) of dyslexia among Chinese speakers.</p>
<p><span id="more-4696"></span>Dyslexia is not actually a single disorder characterised by swapping letters. If it were just this, then the common (but false) argument that Chinese is dyslexia-proof would make some sense. In fact, someone with dyslexia would likely have the ability to read and write, but with much greater effort expended on the task. From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia">Wikipedia</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Reading disabilities, or dyslexia, is the most common learning disability, although in research literature it is considered to be a receptive language-based learning disability.[14] Researchers at MIT found that people with dyslexia exhibited impaired voice-recognition abilities.</p></blockquote>
<p>Matthew (via Twitter) linked to a 2009 article in Scientific American touching on the topic of dyslexia in Chinese speakers. Here&#8217;s one relevant section:</p>
<blockquote><p>Chinese dyslexia may be much more complex than the English variety…<br />
English speakers who have developmental dyslexia usually don’t have trouble recognizing letters visually, but rather just have a hard time connecting them to their sounds.<br />
…<br />
Researchers looking at the brains of dyslexic Chinese children have discovered that the disorder in that language often stems from two separate, independent problems: sound and visual perception.</p></blockquote>
<p>The Scientific American piece is actually a writeup of a more formal <a href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)01549-8">paper on the topic</a> in Volume 19, Issue 19 of Current Biology. From the original:</p>
<blockquote><p>Our study … demonstrates that developmental dyslexia in Chinese is typically characterized by the co-existence of visuospatial and phonological disorders in a dyslexic child. This pattern of behavioral and pathophysiological profiles is different from that in English dyslexia, which is generally associated with a core phonological deficit in the absence of abnormal visual processing.</p></blockquote>
<p>I&#8217;ve always been fascinated by the kind of learning disabilities that are somewhat directly linked to language and language learning, and how these disabilities manifest in significantly different language environments. I recently read Daniel Everett&#8217;s <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Dont-Sleep-There-Are-Snakes/dp/0307386120/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#038;qid=1328448795&#038;sr=8-1">Don&#8217;t Sleep, There Are Snakes</a> about his experiences with the Pirahã people and language which, due to tonality and other features, can be hummed or whistled. The whole time I was reading it I just kept thinking: imagine Braille for Pirahã; .::&#8230;:.:::.:&#8230;: might be a completely reasonable pattern.</p>
<p>Anyway, the next time you hear the conversation at the university café or the early afternoon expat bar about whether Mandarin speakers can be dyslexic, now you know. Not only can dyslexia affect Mandarin speakers, it can affect them just as severely as it affects Anglophones.</p>
<p>The kid in the Scientific American article does not have dyslexia, by the way. The photo was grabbed off flickr. That&#8217;s just what his handwriting looks like. </p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Dialects &amp; Kong Qingdong]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/TkK3s-rus9Y/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4683</id>
		<updated>2012-02-05T06:06:02Z</updated>
		<published>2012-02-05T01:10:31Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Uncategorized" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[It&#8217;s hard to research 方言. You want to talk to someone from outside Yangzhou about their 语言, about whether or not it&#8217;s 吴语. The term 吴语 inevitably causes confusion, and so you specify, but not by using the one thing you know would get to the point most quickly. You know you could just rephrase [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/02/05/dialects-kong-qingdong/"><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s hard to research 方言. You want to talk to someone from outside Yangzhou about their 语言, about whether or not it&#8217;s 吴语. The term 吴语 inevitably causes confusion, and so you specify, but not by using the one thing you know would get to the point most quickly. You know you could just rephrase it as 吴方言 and that&#8217;d make things perfectly clear. But you resent the term 方言. So you say, &#8220;No, you know, 吴国的语言&#8221; but of course that doesn&#8217;t help either. &#8220;上海话，苏州话，温州话等。都是吴语&#8221; you say. &#8220;Ohhh. You mean 吴方言!&#8221; your interlocutor says.</p>
<p>So you give in. Maybe you argue that 方言 can be 语言 too. You tell him that in Tang times, 维语 was called a 方言, and that at times even English was called 方言 in official texts. But probably you don&#8217;t. Probably you just accept it and move on, knowing from experience that there&#8217;s little point in arguing this point.</p>
<p><span id="more-4683"></span>And really there&#8217;s probably not. Maybe it&#8217;s your fault, coming from a Western context and all the baggage that &#8220;dialect&#8221; entails. Maybe it&#8217;s that you think 方言 means &#8220;dialect&#8221; to begin with, when you should probably just get over that too. But you&#8217;re a stubborn and often confrontational sort of person. A slow learner too, it turns out.</p>
<p>So all hell breaks loose about whether Hong Kongers need to speak Mandarin and if Mainlanders need to bother with Cantonese in Hong Kong.  people are called dogs, other people call themselves monks. Kong Qidong, thanks in large part to himself, becomes a target of scorn once again. This is a brief bit of dialogue between him and some lady with strong eyebrows who otherwise isn&#8217;t important enough to warrant her name on the screen.</p>
<blockquote><p>host：看到公说公有理，婆说婆有理，而且两种不同的语言，孔老师怎么看待这个事？<br />
Two sides argue their own points, but here we see the argument in two different languages. Teacher Kong, what do you make of this issue?</p>
<p>Kong Qidong：两种不同的语言，你说这个细节很重要，两种不同的语言，一种是普通话，一种是方言。<br />
Two different languages. This detail you mention is quite important. Two different languages: One is Standard Mandarin, one is fangyan/dialect/regiolect.</p>
<p>说普通话的人，没有义务，没有必要掌握任何一种方言。<br />
Those who speak Mandarin, they have no duty, no responsibility, to understand/use any fangyan.</p>
<p>中国人有义务说普通话，你没有义务说别的地方的话。<br />
Chinese people have a duty to speak Standard Mandarin. You have no duty to speak regional speech.</p></blockquote>
<p>The video, with English subtitles, was put up on <a href="http://www.chinahush.com/2012/01/25/peking-university-professor-says-some-hong-kong-people-are-dogs/">China Hush</a> last week. The subtitles can be a little misleading, as they read &#8220;any other dialects&#8221; implying Mandarin is one. But he never says that. I kept thinking he would. As I said, slow learner.</p>
<p>In fact he consistently uses words appropriate to distinguish the standard speech (话) from the local (方) speech. In that section the only time he called topolects anything other than 方言 was at the end where he said 别的地方的话, &#8220;other places&#8217; way of speaking&#8221;. The very phrase is exclusionary.</p>
<p>Putonghua, fangyan. Fangyan speakers (which is actually every single person in China, at least at home, I&#8217;d imagine) beware.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know Kong Qidong. I don&#8217;t really care to, though we could totally rock matching red scarves as we held hands and skipped down the streets of Xicheng. I don&#8217;t know what he thinks about whether China has many languages or one language with unintelligible dialects. I&#8217;d guess it&#8217;s the latter. Actually I&#8217;d bet huge sums of money on it. Ah well. 公说公有理，婆说婆有理。 </p>
<p>So you continue trying to defend the 方言 to you friends. Once more you find yourself trying to explain your very English train of thought with pieced together word-by-word translations. Fortunately for you, your friends are <strong>very</strong> patient people.</p>
<p>- &#8211; -<br />
<small>note: The translation for the chengyu in the transcript is crap. I&#8217;ve tried to have it make sense, since it&#8217;s now removed from the longer paragraph that the host delivered.</small></p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Trick question]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/RK3b6tYjNVk/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4676</id>
		<updated>2012-02-04T02:56:08Z</updated>
		<published>2012-02-04T02:56:08Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Uncategorized" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[I saw this while filling out a scholarship application recently. The whole application is bilingual, and at one point they get to 語言能力, Language Proficiency. I think secretly they&#8217;re hoping to catch liars or people who are trying to inflate their abilities with the &#8216;comprehension&#8217; section. &#8220;Yeah I know you understood what I just said, [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/02/04/trick-question/"><![CDATA[<div class="polaroid">
<abbr title="&nbsp;I totally get you."><img src="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/audio/ting.jpeg" style="width: 300px; height: auto;"/></abbr>
</div>
<p>I saw this while filling out a scholarship application recently. The whole application is bilingual, and at one point they get to 語言能力, Language Proficiency. I think secretly they&#8217;re hoping to catch liars or people who are trying to inflate their abilities with the &#8216;comprehension&#8217; section.</p>
<p>&#8220;Yeah I know you understood what I just said, but did you <strong>get</strong> it, man?&#8221;</p>
<p>Note that it&#8217;s actually 聽. The other sections are more appropriately named on the form, but I could imagine someone who either was just starting out with Chinese or who didn&#8217;t know 繁體字 thinking that this was rating their overall understanding of the language. </p>
<p>For example how my Korean and Spanish are both total crap and I couldn&#8217;t hold a decent conversation in either language to save my life, but I still more or less know what&#8217;s going on around me when in Korea or Spain. Then again, maybe that makes &#8216;comprehension&#8217; a perfect translation for 聽。</p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Sima</name>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Bloody Fish]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/Z0s5BbMQ7n0/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4643</id>
		<updated>2012-02-03T00:30:09Z</updated>
		<published>2012-02-02T11:49:07Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Letters" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Regular readers may have noted that I&#8217;ve published mercifully little correspondence over recent weeks. To be honest, I&#8217;ve been a bit slow catching up with the backlog, and Auntie&#8217;s continuing health problems mean that I&#8217;ve little choice but to throw all but the most urgent items in the bin. Anyway, the following item struck me [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/02/02/bloody-fish/"><![CDATA[<p>Regular readers may have noted that I&#8217;ve published mercifully little correspondence over recent weeks. To be honest, I&#8217;ve been a bit slow catching up with the backlog, and Auntie&#8217;s continuing health problems mean that I&#8217;ve little choice but to throw all but the most urgent items in the bin.</p>
<p>Anyway, the following item struck me as serious enough to read to Auntie when I visited her this morning. Unfortunately, as soon as I reached the part about the Canadian, she stuck her fingers in her ears and began mumbling something unprintable. Shortly afterwards, the doctor had to come and administer her medication.<span id="more-4643"></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Dear Auntie Sinoglot,</p>
<p>I used to like fish; the tasty, succulent morsels; flakes that fall from the bone. Then I learned to snick a chunk with my chopsticks, roll it around my mouth and sick the bones onto the tablecloth. Perhaps, these could have been my oracle bones, but I no longer enjoyed fish as once I had.</p>
<p>They say that fish enhances brain function. But then <em>they</em> say so much.</p>
<p>Once upon a time, way back when, I studied hard. No, really, I did. I could always find time to grapple with grammar, root around in dictionaries and make cards, lots and lots of little cards.</p>
<p>Chinese pronunciation tried me. I retreated into mindless activities whenever things got too tough. If I wanted to avoid hard work, I always had the trusty cards, flashcards, each cut by my own kitchen-scissor hand from sheets of coloured card, individually bought from an increasingly amused stationer. At least the stationer became a regular, if mocking, conversation partner.</p>
<p>Flashcards punctuated my day, but never did they become study itself.</p>
<p>At the same time, I would collect interesting expressions, often scribbled for me on sheets of the then still unpronounceable, quarter-folded, slightly quilted paper provided by every downmarket restaurant. Idioms which came up in conversation, bon mots and, more often than not, the names of fish on which I&#8217;d nibbled, all found their way onto such notes.</p>
<p>Most of these pieces of paper ended up in a dusty old drawer between HSK certificates and one yuan notes inscribed with possibly incendiary, but still indecipherable, messages. The rest were soaked in tea to line the ashtray.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t think I ever paused to consider the phenomenon but, &#8220;Would you write that down for me?&#8221; might stand for, &#8220;Would you remember that for me.&#8221;</p>
<p>I had the memory of a goldfish.</p>
<p>I wonder how I ever learnt anything. But often enough I&#8217;d turn to that trusty companion; my dear old dictionary. My first. It still sits on the shelf, rarely touched these days, now just one of a long line of reference books; some well-thumbed, some as new. But that thrice-bound friend still smiles down on my desk.</p>
<p>Sometimes, in the name of study, I would watch television. I thought it might open my mind. I might absorb language by staring at furniture. I knew it wasn&#8217;t really meant for clever people like me, but at least I needn&#8217;t fear being brainwashed.</p>
<p>Between the bizarre advertisements for stretching your child, whether intellectually or vertically, and other implausible claims, I glimpsed the grinning Canadian.</p>
<p>There he stood, in all his strangely proportioned glory; a halibut in a mandarin collar. In his raised hand a gadget. One cannot describe this action as holding; desirable products must never be handled. But he displayed, complemented, commended an electronic dictionary-cum-study aid. The answer to all my prayers. Though I&#8217;d prayed for nothing.</p>
<p>Who&#8217;d a thought it? A dapper gent selling hand-held gizmos to credulous kids. And I fell for it; hook, line and sinker.</p>
<p>The device itself, of course, was rubbish. It&#8217;s name punned on having a good memory, but it was stuffed to the gills with things every school child wishes he needn&#8217;t remember, and quickly forgets.</p>
<p>Occasionally I would slide it out of its little velcro sleeve and look up a word which would otherwise have been felt-penned on napkin. The wobbly little stick would produce petrol rainbows on the screen and passable definitions for simple expressions. But I had bigger fish to fry.</p>
<p>One day, between chuckling over the writings of some PR thief, and reading the lurid fantasies of a sex-crazed Englishman hell bent on baiting the, still only mildly indignant, Chinese youth, I stumbled upon an innocent enough comment on a blog about learning Chinese.</p>
<p>Apparently, everyone had a kind of electronic dictionary.</p>
<p>You know; <em>everyone</em>.</p>
<p>I&#8217;d been hooked, and would slowly be reeled in.</p>
<p>The dictionary was named after a frequently mis-pronounced fish. It cost a bit. And then there was the hardware &#8211; one of those swanky gadgets that only my uncle Bob had. But now I had a reason, an excuse even, to haul myself into the digital age.</p>
<p>I couldn&#8217;t make a purchase like this on the spur of the moment. Options were carefully weighed. Windows Mobile or Palm. You remember Palm, don&#8217;t you? Either way it looked a complicated business. The software would work on some machines and not others. Sometimes there were little work arounds. Some of the machines could even make telephone calls. That seemed somewhat excessive. I simply wanted a little device to enhance my study, and maybe to allow me to carry around my calendar and addresses.</p>
<p>One Sunday, I bought a Palm. I synched the device with my laptop. It wiped my contacts book and doubled all the entries in my diary.</p>
<p>Then I downloaded my saviour. No grinning Canadian had persuaded me to buy this. It was all function. You get what you pay for. And I got the fish.</p>
<p>I marvelled at the possibilites. I cross-checked entries in different dictionaries, scratched characters by hand and realised how smart the fish was, checked radical lists and assured myself that I&#8217;d still be able to grind through the same sort of look-up tables which had occupied so much of my earlier studies. Then the flashcards. No more scissors and felt-tip pens! It even remembered what I&#8217;d looked up in the dictionary, and allowed me to go back and add these words to the packs of flashcards I&#8217;d created…well, downloaded, if truth be told.</p>
<p>It did everything I could have prayed for.</p>
<p>And then I stopped learning stuff.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure when I realised this. For a long time, I kept putting new expressions into flashcard lists, going through routines much like my old routines. I was free to study wherever I went. And never was I lost. My memory was in my pocket. It was like a linguistic GPS.</p>
<p>Flashcards were still sorted into decks, but I could no longer drop them all over the floor. I needn&#8217;t even count or stack them. Three dimensions had become two.</p>
<p>Vocabulary <em>acquisition</em> became more like <em>kleptomania</em>. Even now, I catch myself looking up words, just checking, you know, in mid-conversation. I feel like one of those poor cretins who film pop concerts on their mobile phones.</p>
<p>Auntie, I&#8217;ve taken the ritual out of study. How can I put it back?</p>
<p>Yours, floundering,</p>
<p>NAME AND ADDRESS WITHHELD</p></blockquote>
<p>I wonder whether an any of our readers could offer guidance to this poor soul.</p>
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	<feedburner:origLink>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/02/02/bloody-fish/</feedburner:origLink></entry>
		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Number Taboos in Sino-Korean]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/2tPSD2zRU9k/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4600</id>
		<updated>2012-01-29T06:20:08Z</updated>
		<published>2012-01-29T06:20:08Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Uncategorized" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[This post is an exploration into a bit of Sino-Korean etymology and usage of certain vocabulary. On the 22nd I wrote about the use of F in place of 4 on elevator keypads, even when it comes to Braille. Zrv made a good point about the pronunciation of 四 and 死, both 사 (sa) in [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/29/number-taboos-sinokorean/"><![CDATA[<p>This post is an exploration into a bit of Sino-Korean etymology and usage of certain vocabulary.</p>
<p>On the 22nd <a href="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/22/korean-braille-elevators/">I wrote</a> about the use of F in place of 4 on elevator keypads, even when it comes to <a href="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/22/korean-braille-elevators/">Braille</a>. Zrv <a href="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/22/korean-braille-elevators/#comment-14457">made a good point</a> about the pronunciation of 四 and 死, both 사 (sa) in Korean. From his comment:</p>
<blockquote><p>I think it’s really not accurate to say that the homophones in this case are in a “foreign language”. Sino-Korean words are as much Korean as Latin-English words (like “very”) or Franco-English words (like “enter”) are English.</p></blockquote>
<p>That&#8217;s absolutely true. While a Cantonese speaker would likely understand much of what was said around them while in Seoul, it&#8217;s all still Korean. </p>
<p>However, aware of the 죽다 verb form that&#8217;s most commonly used for &#8220;to die&#8221;, I wanted to look into the homophones. The question I left in the comments is this: <em>By modern standards, can we consider &#8216;death&#8217; and &#8216;four&#8217; homophonous in Korean if 죽다 is the preferred word?</em></p>
<p><span id="more-4600"></span>I contacted a couple friends — native Korean speakers who are also fluent in Mandarin and English — to get their take. I asked whether they ever use 사거 (sagǒ 死去), the one word i could find meaning &#8216;death&#8217; that uses 死, in regular conversation. Neither friend had ever heard that particular word, but both were able to confirm it in dictionaries. Usually, the &#8220;polite&#8221; or &#8220;formal&#8221; way to say an elder relative has passed is with 서거 (sǒgǒ), a Sino-Korean word for which the corresponding hanja is 逝去, while the informal uses the native-Korean 죽다 verb forms. Here&#8217;s one dictionary&#8217;s entry for 서거: </p>
<blockquote style="background: #fff; color: #666; padding: 3px;"><p><span style="font-size: 0.7em; color: #fff; background: rgb(173,180,185); border-radius: 3px;"> 국어사전 </span>&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(85,154,165); font-weight: bold">서거</span> <span style="color: rgb(173,180,185);">(逝去) [서ː거]</span><br />
[명사] &#8216;사거&#185;(죽어서 세상을 떠남)&#8217;(死去)의 높임말.</p></blockquote>
<p>Translated:</p>
<blockquote style="background: #fff; color: #666; padding: 3px;"><p><span style="font-size: 0.7em; color: #fff; background: rgb(173,180,185); border-radius: 3px;"> 国语辞典 </span>&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(85,154,165); font-weight: bold">sǒgǒ</span> <span style="color: rgb(173,180,185);">(逝去) [sʌːkʌ]</span><br />
[noun] form of death&#185; used in honorific speech.</p></blockquote>
<p>Of course the definition* of 서거 <em>includes the 死 root</em>. </p>
<p>In fact there are a few compounds that use 死, one being 사망증명서, death certificate, for which the first two syllables are 死亡. Another is 사후의, 死后的. A <a href="http://www.zkorean.com/dictionary/search_results?word=death">quick search</a> on zkorean.com for &#8220;death&#8221; brings up a number of examples. </p>
<p>That&#8217;s enough of an answer to my own earlier question. Clearly 死/사 is quite common. One of the reasons this had interested me as much as it did is that over the past year, I&#8217;ve probably asked a couple dozen people why the number 4 was considered taboo. I obviously knew this from my time in China, but it&#8217;s always interesting to hear differences in explanations between regions/countries. The answer I got was always the same. &#8220;They sound the same <em>in Chinese</em>,&#8221; instead of just &#8220;they sound the same&#8221;. It looks like the &#8220;…in Chinese&#8221; was really used to mean &#8220;…in words of Sinitic origin&#8221;.</p>
<p>Fair enough.</p>
<p>- &#8211; -<br />
<small>* That superscript 1 is marking that this is one of many words spelled sǒgǒ (all using different hanja). It links to a definition of sagǒ which reads </p>
<blockquote><p>[명사] 죽어서 세상을 떠남.<br />
[noun] death, leaving the world.</p></blockquote>
<p></small></p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Randy Alexander</name>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Healthy Teeth Sanzijing]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/dZ_Pa8QZn1w/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4596</id>
		<updated>2012-01-24T11:04:19Z</updated>
		<published>2012-01-24T11:04:19Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Children" /><category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Mainland education" /><category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Surveys" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[One thing that struck me early upon arriving in China and immersing myself in the language (almost ten years ago!) was how modern Chinese is permeated with classical Chinese.  I soon came to the horrific realization that if I were to learn Chinese beyond a basic level, I would have to accept this fact.   Of [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/24/healthy-teeth-sanzijing/"><![CDATA[<p>One thing that struck me early upon arriving in China and immersing myself in the language (almost ten years ago!) was how modern Chinese is permeated with classical Chinese.  I soon came to the horrific realization that if I were to learn Chinese beyond a basic level, I would have to accept this fact.   Of course the most common way this shows up is in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengyu">chengyu</a>, but we see references to this older language everywhere, especially if we examine how school kids are taught.</p>
<p>One thing that horrified me as a parent was that my kids were asked to blindly memorize many long classics.  One of these is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Character_Classic">Three Character Classic</a>.  Because of its three character limitation, it has less possibility for variation in syntax.  There are only these four possibilities for phrase structure (where a repeated letter represents a multi-syllable word (the number of letters equals the number of syllables) and a single letter represents a one syllable word):  XXX, XXY, XYY, and XYZ.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not opposed to studying these things; there is a lot of wisdom in them.  But the way they are normally studied is ridiculous:  they are memorized with very little explanation and recited in a banal rhythm at high speed.  And that&#8217;s that.  And they seem to be brainwashed into thinking that by doing so, these treasure troves of ancient wisdom will become part of them, slowly infusing them with beneficence throughout their lives.</p>
<p>Colgate seems to have picked up on this, and has made their own version.<span id="more-4596"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/24/healthy-teeth-sanzijing/img_20120124_140642/" rel="attachment wp-att-4597"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-4597" title="Colgate" src="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/audio/IMG_20120124_140642-400x300.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>This no doubt gives both parents and children a good feeling, triggering their long-ago brainwashed-in pseudo-beneficence programming.  Colgate was very clever to pick up on this powerful marketing tool.</p>
<p>The text, which on the box reads in traditional vertical columns right to left:</p>
<p>建齿三字经  (Healthy Teeth Three Character Classic)</p>
<p>好妈妈，要知道， (A good mother &#8211; should know)<br />
高露洁，含高钙， (Colgate &#8211; contains high calcium)<br />
防蛀牙，真厉害， (Prevents tooth decay &#8211; very effective)<br />
把强健，存起来， (Strength and health &#8211; preserve)<br />
让美白，秀出来， (Let beauty and whiteness &#8211; bloom)<br />
全家用，一起来。 (The whole family can use it &#8211; all together now)</p>
<p>It seems a little haphazardly done; the author got a little crazy with 来 ending the last three lines, but I guess it does proclaim the benefits of good toothpaste.</p>
<p>Since it is the second day of the Spring Festival today, most of you are probably with relatives.  Those of you (again probably most) who have Chinese relatives may want to try a little survey.  Ask people one by one (those that grew up in China that is) if they memorized Sanzijing (The Three Character Classic) when they were little.  I&#8217;ll bet most say they have.  Then ask them how much they can recite.  I&#8217;ll bet they can&#8217;t get much past 人之初，性本善&#8230;  Report your findings in the comments!</p>
<p>For a bonus, ask them if they can tell you what it basically says, or even how many parts it has.  For readers who would like to know the answers to those questions, you can find them <a href="http://www.yellowbridge.com/onlinelit/sanzijing.php">here</a>.</p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Randy Alexander</name>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[New Chinese grammar wiki]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/Nhu-MCcYB54/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4589</id>
		<updated>2012-01-22T05:42:56Z</updated>
		<published>2012-01-22T04:19:37Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Announcements" /><category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Grammar" /><category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Second Language Acquisition" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[John Pasden of Sinosplice has a Shanghai-based company called AllSet Learning that focuses on helping foreigners learn Chinese.  He discovered that since people have different learning needs, especially when it comes to learning grammar, it would be a good idea to have an overall framework available to learners.  Since the only things that presently exist [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/22/new-chinese-grammar-wiki/"><![CDATA[<p>John Pasden of <a href="http://www.sinosplice.com/">Sinosplice</a> has a Shanghai-based company called <a href="http://www.allsetlearning.com/">AllSet Learning</a> that focuses on helping foreigners learn Chinese.  He discovered that since people have different learning needs, especially when it comes to learning grammar, it would be a good idea to have an overall framework available to learners.  Since the only things that presently exist like this are textbooks, and there is nothing really like this on the web, he decided to make an online source.</p>
<p>And since the best kinds of online sources are those that keep up to date and can be corrected, he made it a wiki.</p>
<p>And since he&#8217;s an open-source kind of guy, interested in making things that are beneficial to all, he put it under a Creative Commons license.  Check it out <a href="http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Main_Page">here</a>.<span id="more-4589"></span>Obviously it&#8217;s a project that has been in development for some time, as it already has more than 500 articles.  It would be impossible for me in this short amount of time to read all 500+ articles, so I&#8217;ll just make a few general statements of my impressions so far.</p>
<p>First of all, having a resource like this is absolutely wonderful, and having it as a wiki is doubly so.  It must be noted at the outset that making a comprehensive grammar of any language is a huge undertaking, and it will be some time before this wiki approaches that level of comprehensiveness.  The <a href="http://www.cambridge.org/uk/linguistics/cgel/">Cambridge Grammar of the English Language</a>, which is the most comprehensive grammar of English to date, is more than 1800 pages and took a team of linguists from around the world more than a decade to put together, and they were building on previously published comprehensive grammars that had been published periodically over the preceding hundred years.  Chinese has nothing even close available anywhere, and Chinese has a much longer linguistic history than English does, making for a potentially richer grammar.</p>
<p>The articles that I have looked at so far in the wiki are good, and explain things well, although there is certainly room for expansion.  It gives me a good feeling to know that it will only get more and more developed and refined, just like Wikipedia has since it started, and to know that if I see something that is a little inaccurate, I can even personally apply to be an editor and fix it myself.  (Actually, I&#8217;ll be doing just that, momentarily &#8212; grammar is one of my biggest areas of interest.)</p>
<p>Kudos to John for coming up with this great idea.  Let&#8217;s all get in there, make use of it, and develop it to its potential.</p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Korean Braille &amp; Elevators]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/dE5qfD23GWo/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4561</id>
		<updated>2012-01-19T15:51:03Z</updated>
		<published>2012-01-21T19:02:39Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Uncategorized" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Koreans, like many Chinese, have a superstition about the number 4. In Chinese it&#8217;s because 四(4) and 死(death) are both pronounced &#8220;si&#8221;. In Korean, it&#8217;s because in Chinese they&#8217;re pronounced the same. The Sino-Korean pronunciation of both is 사. In native Korean, 4 is 넷 and &#8220;to die&#8221; is 죽다, though a Sinitic-root verb also [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/22/korean-braille-elevators/"><![CDATA[<p>Koreans, like many Chinese, have a superstition about the number 4. In Chinese it&#8217;s because 四(4) and 死(death) are both pronounced &#8220;si&#8221;. In Korean, it&#8217;s because in <em>Chinese</em> they&#8217;re pronounced the same. The Sino-Korean pronunciation of both is 사. In native Korean, 4 is 넷 and &#8220;to die&#8221; is 죽다, though a Sinitic-root verb also exists, 사망하다. At any rate, anyone I ever asked about this gave the answer that it&#8217;s considered unlucky because of how it&#8217;s pronounced in Chinese, not in Korean.</p>
<p>As a result of this, and like in China, many Korean elevators lack a 4th floor. Most often it&#8217;s replaced with &#8216;F&#8217; on the button. I don&#8217;t think I ever saw a lift that simply skipped 4 as they often* do in China.</p>
<p>Digging through some photos of the past year, I came across one of an elevator panel that I found a little curious. Here&#8217;s the photo, scaled down a bit.</p>
<p><center><img src="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/audio/kbra.jpeg"/></center></p>
<p>For floors 3-5, the buttons read as follows:<br />
3 <span class="braille">⠼⠉</span><br />
F <span class="braille">⠴⠋</span><br />
5 <span class="braille">⠼⠑</span></p>
<p>Note the difference in the first letter in F as compared to 3 and 5. In Korean Braille, <span class="braille">⠼</span> is the marker to show that the following glyphs are numbers. Also, consistent with many other languages written in Braille, <span class="braille">⠉</span> is 3 and <span class="braille">⠑</span> is 5. 4 is actually <span class="braille">⠙</span> and if it <em>were</em> a number, <span class="braille">⠋</span> would be 6. But in the second line, <span class="braille">⠋</span> is preceded by <span class="braille">⠴</span>. That glyph, <span class="braille">⠴</span>, is actually called 영어표. That is, it&#8217;s the thing that marks the following letters as English. <span class="braille">⠋</span> then corresponds to the English letter F.</p>
<p>It baffles me a bit that a superstitious homophone in a foreign language requires a remedy in another foreign language, when they could just write 4 and call it 넷.</p>
<p>- &#8211; -<br />
<small>* I once lived in an apartment building that numbered the floors 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 … 11, 12, 15, 16 …, probably to accommodate the triskaidekaphobic foreigners who lived there.</p>
<p><strong>relevant links:</strong><br />
- <a href="http://infor.kbll.or.kr/info/braille.php">Site in Korean w/ the full alphabet</a><br />
- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_braille">More limited Wikipedia site, but in Engish</a></small> </p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Mooncake mystery]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/qHNzwmt7KbQ/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4573</id>
		<updated>2012-01-19T15:57:02Z</updated>
		<published>2012-01-19T18:51:13Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Uncategorized" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[I&#8217;m cooking a lot these days. A lot. Like 小笼包 from scratch including gelatinising homemade broth and rolling out dumpling skins. Leaving no stone unturned in the world that is Chinese cuisine, I went ahead and picked up a moon cake (月饼 yuèbǐng) mould. It&#8217;s only just now 春节 so I figure I have 7 [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/20/mooncake-mystery/"><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m cooking a lot these days. A lot. Like 小笼包 from scratch including gelatinising homemade broth and rolling out dumpling skins. Leaving no stone unturned in the world that is Chinese cuisine, I went ahead and picked up a moon cake (月饼 yuèbǐng) mould. It&#8217;s only just now 春节 so I figure I have 7 or 8 months to get really good at this.</p>
<p><span id="more-4573"></span>I bought the mould off eBay, being the quickest cheapest way to acquire one. I wasn&#8217;t really concerned with the design or inscription so long as it was somewhat traditional, i.e. round. I found one that qualified and placed my order.</p>
<p>You know how when you go to the antiques market they always sell porcelain busts of Mao and little red books, both completely slathered in 山寨 filth? The amount of dirt on the moon cake mould made the antiques market look like the newest lab at the CDC. Filthy doesn&#8217;t begin to describe it. After much scrubbing to get it back into shape for making food, the inscription began to be actually legible. Except for the fact that I don&#8217;t really know what it says. Here&#8217;s a photo of the inscription, flipped for legibility:</p>
<p><img src="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/audio/m1.jpeg"/></p>
<p>There&#8217;s also a bit of writing on the wood done in pen. On the handle, the single character 华 is written. At the top, the same text as found in the inscription:</p>
<p><img src="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/audio/m2.jpg"/></p>
<p>The first two are obviously 隔 and 沙. 蜜 and 果 seem the likeliest candidates, and I know 蜜果 can mean fig or possibly dragon fruit.</p>
<p>My question is not so much about what the individual characters are, though that&#8217;s a small part of it. Instead I&#8217;d love to know if this is a phrase that appears elsewhere, and if so, where. I&#8217;m posting here requesting interpretations, knowing that Sinoglot readers are just about the best 人肉搜索 there is when it comes to this sort of thing.</p>
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		<entry>
		<author>
			<name>Kellen Parker</name>
						<uri>http://www.sinoglot.com/wu</uri>
					</author>
		<title type="html"><![CDATA[Educating Τіbеtans in Τіbеtan]]></title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/sinoglot/FTQX/~3/PB3yWv0yStg/" />
		<id>http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/?p=4559</id>
		<updated>2012-01-19T01:01:21Z</updated>
		<published>2012-01-19T01:01:21Z</published>
		<category scheme="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog" term="Tibetan" />		<summary type="html"><![CDATA[The American Anthropology Association&#8217;s newsletter Anthropology News has a recent post called A Fork in the Chinese Road: Educating Τіbеtans in Τіbеtan? It&#8217;s actually a shortened version of a post from the website of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, found here. Either is worth a read if you&#8217;ve any interest in bi-lingual education in China, [...]]]></summary>
		<content type="html" xml:base="http://www.sinoglot.com/blog/2012/01/19/educating-%cf%84%d1%96b%d0%b5tans-in-%cf%84%d1%96b%d0%b5tan/"><![CDATA[<p>The American Anthropology Association&#8217;s newsletter <a href="http://www.anthropology-news.org/">Anthropology News</a> has a recent post called <a href="http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2012/01/10/a-fork-in-the-chinese-road-educating-tibetans-in-tibetan/"><em>A Fork in the Chinese Road: Educating Τіbеtans in Τіbеtan?</em></a></p>
<p>It&#8217;s actually a shortened version of a post from the website of the <a href="http://linguisticanthropology.org/">Society for Linguistic Anthropology</a>, found <a href="http://linguisticanthropology.org/blog/2011/12/23/educating-tibetans-in-tibetan/">here</a>.</p>
<p>Either is worth a read if you&#8217;ve any interest in bi-lingual education in China, minority language rights, and possible changes in those areas of Chinese governance. </p>
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