The solar energy is a promising source for powering up the houses. However it is expensive to start with and therefore it is not very popular amongst the domestic users. However, the governments are encouraging their people to go solar and install the solar power system.

A solar power system is composed of numerous parts and the users must understand its composition to make the best use of the system.

Types Of Solar Power Systems

There are two main kinds of the solar power system depending upon their connection to the national grid. These are explained below:-

Connected To Grid Solar Power System

Such kind of solar systems are connected to the national power system. The amount of electricity generated by these is accounted for by the power company and any surplus energy is shared by the power company with other users.

The power company is also responsible to make payments for any energy that they make use of.

Stand Alone Solar Power System

These systems are independent of the national power grid. Any surplus power generated by these is wasted. These are generally used for the RVs and other far off places where access to national grid is not easily possible.

Advantages Of Solar Power System

The solar power system is gaining popularity because of its numerous inherent advantages. A few of these are listed below:-

1. The governments are trying to motivate the people for switching to solar energy. Therefore they are giving the incentives like tax exemptions and easy loans for installing of the solar power system.
2. Installment of the equipment is expensive but subsequently cheap electricity is available for the household.
3. Any surplus energy generated by the system can be used by the power companies if your system is connected to a grid. This will result in generation of revenue as the power company shall make payments for any energy used by them.
4. The energy is produced without causing any harm to the environment. Therefore it is popular amongst the people conscious of saving environment.

Dependence On Battery

The solar power systems can also be differentiated by their dependence on battery. A battery is not an essential component of the solar system. However it acts as a back up during the hours when the sunlight is not available. The battery is charged by the solar panel during day time and this charged battery is used to run appliances during the dark hours.

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The energy starved modern economy is looking for alternate fuels. They have begun tapping the potential of solar and wind energy. In addition, a lot of research is being done to generate the bio-fuels that are safer for the environment and economical as well. The development of ethanol as a fuel is a giant step in this regard.

Ethanol

Ethanol is considered by many to be the fuel of the future. It is a plant based fuel and extracted from the crops specially cultivated for this purpose. The corn and sugar cane are the most common crops in this regard. In addition, the potential of certain weeds and tree bark has also been realized by the oil producers.

Challenges For Ethanol

The ethanol is gaining popularity as a bio fuel that is safe for the environment as well. However, there are numerous challenges that it has to surmount before it becomes a common man’s choice. A few of these challenges are discussed below;-

Higher Cost

Ethanol is an attractive alternate fuel but it is quite expensive as compared to the gasoline. Production costs of ethanol are much higher as compared to gasoline.

Despite the subsidies offered by the government, the costs involved are much higher for production.

Low Mileage

Another challenge for the ethanol is its relative low mileage as compared to the gasoline. Research has shown that the ethanol performs upto 70 % of the gasoline. It means that the people using hybrid cars are paying much more for low mileage. A hybrid car that uses 85% of ethanol with 15% of gasoline costs more to fill the tank but mileage is greatly reduced.

Competition With Food Crops

Ethanol is obtained fro m the plant sources. The crops for its generation are cultivated on the cost of the food crops. In a community devoid of the food security, the crops for fuel generation can not succeed. Although, these crops bring better earning for the farmers but still they are not popular.

In USA, the emphasis for cultivation shall remain on food crops. The way out for the ethanol is the development of procedures to extract it from trees 9cellulose) and grass. However, this is going to take a lot of research and effort.

Shipping Costs

Gasoline and other fuels can be pumped using the pipelines. But this is not possible in case of ethanol due to its capacity to react and bind with water. This results in the shipment of fuel in special barges and tankers. This fact results in increasing the shipping cost and the fuel prices go up.

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High Costs of Electricity in USA have become discouraging for thousands of consumers. As a result, people have started looking for the alternate sources of energy. Credits and discounts are available for the installation of solar electric system for household and business venues. For instance, the State of California pays a rebate for using solar power system.

In addition, the solar power system is available on lease in a number of states. New solar systems available for domestic users provide free energy from the sun. This can be used to run TVs, refrigerators, pumps, computer and many other appliances.

Need Of The Electric Power Company

With the advent of solar electric system, utility consumers have become independent in producing power for their domestic use. Consumers do not have to rely on Power Company alone and they can meet their utility needs. However, they remain connected with a Electric Power Company.

Convenience Of Solar System

Solar system is very simple to use. It does not require any special monitoring and is a plug and play utility. In addition, there is no issue of moving parts and noise. Solar modules are assembled under the heat and light of sun and generate power through out the year. Solar modules cover a warranty of 25 years but they last for about fifty years.

Configuration Of Solar Electric System

The Solar Photovoltaic Array is a unit that collects the energy from a sun. It is placed on top of a roof in a south direction. Hence it gets maximum exposure to the sun light. Energy conversion unit (an inverter) receives energy in the form of direct current and inverts it into alternating current.

Features Of The Solar Electric System

A few salient features of the Solar Electric System are highlighted below:-

1. Functions Of Inverter

AC or alternating current is used in houses and the sockets are made to receive it. Inverter produces the AC current from the DC that it gets from the battery. This is in turn fed to a utility meter and a grid. While producing power, the utility meter may have to slow down and at times run backwards.

2. Net Metering States

Net Metering States like California charge full retail price for the power production. Consumers get a credit from company for producing the excess power. Utility companies located in a state with net metering laws, issue a credit for the full retail value of power, households or businesses consumption.

3. Credit for Excess Production

Credit for excess production is carried forward to the subsequent months. At the end of a year, the solar system power generation restarts. If any credit is remaining, it will be treated as zero. So it is important to set a yearly limit for the scale of production and consumption.

4. Batteries For A Solar System

 It is a personal choice to use batteries. Both kinds of the solar systems are available in market that runs on battery or even without them. The system automatically shuts down in case of failure with a battery-less system. No electricity is available at homes until a utility company restores the power. This is a safety measure installed by the power companies.

5. Feeding Power During Power Failure

During power failures, utility company sends a lineman to repair power lines. System does not allow an inverter to operate during power failures.

Battery back up system works on different designs. A battery-less inverter in a solar system feeds power through meter.

Setting Up Of Solar Power System

There are certain aspects to be considered for installation of the Solar Power System. A few of these are listed below:-

1. Battery Size

During the power failures, a battery back up system doesn’t feed power to the utility company and it is just for the domestic use. It also protects anyone who works on the power line. Battery size determines the duration and quantity of the power supplied during the power outage.

2. Determining Size Of Solar System

The size of a home does not determine the size and the consumption of a solar system. Instead it is to be calculated by the power company. The consumer has to call a representative and ask him to calculate the size of a solar system for his home. The representative will call his utility power company and get the monthly or daily electric usage in kilowatt hours. This information is also available in the copies of electric bills.

3. Calculate Monthly Average Consumption

Suppose your monthly power consumption is 600 kilo watt hour for summer, and 400 kilo watt hour for winter. Then your average consumption for 2 months is approximately 500 kilo watt hour.

4. Calculate Daily Average Consumption

Once you know your average monthly consumption then you need to determine your average power consumption on a daily basis. We simply divide a monthly average consumption of 500 with the number of days in a month. Dividing 500 by 30 and we get 16.67 Kwh as an average daily usage. It suggests that a solar system must generate a power of 16.67 Kwh on a daily basis to reduce or eliminate an electricity bill.

5. Determine Number Of Modules

After determining our daily usage, we need to determine the number of modules for a solar system. Just take daily average consumption (16.67 or 16,670 Kwh) and divide it by the average number hours of the full daylight available throughout a day. Then we get 2.78 or 2,780 Kwh.

Company Contact

The calculations seem disturbing but you do not have to do it yourself. Instead the technical help is just a call away. All you have to do is to contact on following number:-

 1-888-955-3471

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We are going to describe and illustrate the process of connecting batteries in series or parallel and combination of both. Installation of the solar system and batteries require wiring up configurations in the form of series, parallel and combination of both.

These wiring up configurations can be learned easily. Once learned with interest, then this task becomes easy and simple like a pie.

Two Terminal Points

All devices that generate direct current have negative and positive terminal points. Current or electrons flow from the negative terminal to a positive terminal. This flow is possible through the load. Just for the purpose of an easy explanation, we would represent it to a battery device or solar module device.

Series Wiring

In a series wiring, we connect the positive terminal of one device to the negative terminal of another device. It is key to remember that voltage remains additive when we wire devices in a series. If we say, our devices are capable of producing 12 volts each. Then four devices will produce 48 volts. Suppose that these devices are batteries then their total battery pack is 48 volts. However, if they were solar modules and each produce 17 volts. Then they will produce a total voltage of 68 volts.

Rule Of A Thumb

Another rule of thumb about series circuits is the similarity of current or amperage in a series circuit. Now suppose that batteries where these devices with a rating of 12 volts @ 220 amperage hours. Then total value of the series becomes 48 volts @ 220 amp hours.

Circuit Value Of Solar Modules

Solar modules with a rating of 17 volts @ 5-amperage hours make total circuit value of 68 volts @ 5-amps. In the example given above, two batteries with 6 volts @ 350 amps wire in series yielding 12 volts @ 350 amp hours.

Behavior Of Current And Voltage

Suppose devices were solar modules with a rating of 17 volts @4.4 amps. Then this series of circuits would yield 34 volts @ 4.4 amps. Keep in mind that in the series of circuit current stays the same while voltage is additive.

Parallel Circuits

In parallel circuits, connect the positive terminal of the first device to the positive terminal of the subsequent device, negative terminal of the first device to the negative terminal of the subsequent device.

Key To Remember

Key: In parallel circuits current and voltage behave just opposite to the series circuits. Voltage stay the same while the Current is additive. Suppose each device discussed in this example is capable of producing 350 amp hours while both can produce 700 amps at a same voltage.

Voltage Of Battery Devices

Let us say that these devices were batteries then total voltage of 12 volts @ 700 amp hours will yield. Solar modules will produce 17 volts @ 4.4 amps and each will result in 17 volts @ 8.8 amps.

Solar Modules Wired In Parallel Series

Four 17 Volt @ 4.4 Amp solar modules wired in parallel series yields 16.6 amps total @ 17 volts. Now suppose these devices were batteries with a rating of 12 volts each @ 220 Amps hours. Then this parallel circuit result in 12 volts @ 880 Amp hours.

Series/Parallel Circuits

Hold of your nerves because something wild is going to happen. We have learned almost everything about the series and parallel circuits. Now it is a time to understand a combination of the series and the parallel circuits.

Combination Of Series And Parallel Circuits

It is simply a combination of both the series and the parallel circuits. They wired together in the parallel setting. Suppose two separate pairs of batteries with 6 volts wired together in series and parallel ways.

Raising Amp Hour Rating Of A Battery

Suppose you desire to raise the Amp hour rating of a battery pack. You want to run your appliances longer. You demand to wire the battery pack in such a method as to retain the battery pack at 12 volts. You desire to raise the charging capacity of your solar panels.However, you demand to wire the solar modules in such a method as to retain the solar array at 34 volts. Well, series & parallel are the merely method to do that.

Increasing Charging Current

In fact, you increase your charging current when you wire the solar modules or batteries in parallel circuits because current is additive. Hence increasing run time or amp capacity would increase charging current. For solar modules, we need batteries with a voltage of 17 or 34 volts. When we wire solar module system, we get 12 or 34 volt requirement.

Voltage Produced By Batteries

Wire the batteries in individual sets that will give you the voltage that you need. Let us say that you demand 24 volts but have six-volt batteries on hand. Now wire four batteries of 6 volts in a series to yield 24 volts.

Wiring A Single Set Of Batteries

Wire all four batteries parallel to each other until wired jointly in parallel circuits. Every single set of batteries equals 24 Volts at 350 Amp hours. Subsequently five sequence sets wired to every single set in parallel series yielding a battery pack Of 24 Volt @ 1750 Amp hour.

Assistance In Wiring Up Batteries

Always keep in mind that voltage is additive and current stays same in series circuits while current is additive and the voltage remains same for parallel circuit. Need assistance to wire your system call on the number given below. We can furnish you alongside diagrams or each sort of assistance that you could demand to finish your installation.

Enjoying Tax Rebates

American consumer tired of high electricity cost can now enjoy tax credits and generous rebates offered with installation of a solar system throughout the U.S at their homes and businesses.

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World is searching for renewable energy sources to maintain their resources as well as to save the money. Electricity rates are growing up due to the oil prices and there is an urgent nee to tap new resources. Solar energy has come to the rescue of mankind in this regard. It provides electricity for your home and invention of portable chargers has facilitated the life.

Advantages Of Solar Chargers

Solar battery chargers have many advantages over other means of electricity like being economical and long lasting. They are environment friendly and do not require any external source of electricity required. In addition, the modern solar battery charger are compact and small in size with maximum ability to provide power.

One Time Investment

Initial Investment in this system may cost you some extra amount but it can serve your needs for number of years. One can also use them as a backup for the electricity in homes or in small business unit with the ability of sun tracking.

This tracking feature rotates in accordance with the path of the sun and takes maximum sunlight. This energy can be used to charge the batteries that act as a back up during the night timing.

Effect on Environment

This type of electricity production unit offers us a benefit of environment friendly electricity. The electricity produced from solar power system is by the transfer of energy from photon to electron, which frees electrons and allow it to flow. Presently, half of the electricity produced in USA is by coal. This is a cheap source butit is one of the major causes of pollution.

Freedom Of Movement

One of the best advantage of solar battery charger is that we can take this device anywhere as this does not need any kind of external supply of electricity. Solar battery adaptor solely depends upon the sunlight.

As the development and research continues in this field, the size gets decreased and efficiency will increase. There are a lot of small size solar battery chargers available which are used to power up the portable devices like mobile, iPhones, iPods and many other electronic devices.

Other Applications

In the 21st century, there are a number of applications where these solar battery chargers can be utilized. We can use it in cars for charging of the battery although it can take some time to charge the battery. Similarly it can be used to charge the batteries of the golf carts and motor boats. This is a true blessing for the motorist stranded in the middle of nowhere.

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Electricity has become one of the basic needs of mankind. A wide range of methods are being used to produce electricity. These methods include hydal, thermal, wind and atomic energy. All of hese procedures require a substantial infrastructure for setting up the production facility. However, the solar energy has become the most promising source that does not need any complex constructions for establishing a power house.

Solar Collectors

Solar collectors are the devices that convert the sunlight into the electricity. These are composed of the arrays of photovoltaic cells and commonly known as solar panels. They come in wide range of sizes and configurations and one can choose one of his own as per the usage.

Characteristics Of Solar Collectors

A lot of work is been done in the field of solar energy. The solar energy is collected by using the solar equipment commonly called as the collectors. Few of the characteristics of solar collectors are discussed below:-

Simple Way To Produce Electricity

Solar energy is a simple way to provide electricity to your home. Using a solar collector is rather easy. There is slight or even no protection necessary.

Understanding each and every feature of the system is definitely something which is not an easy task.

Delicacy

Solar systems are delicate. You must handle them carefully. It is not like something that you simply throw up on the roof and consider it to work automatically. These solar panels are normally not flexible but in some cases you can get the flexible ones as well. In order to conduct the electricity efficiently, you must fir the collectors carefully without any gaps and in tight configuration. You must also follow the manual.

Silicon Base

The exact nature of the reactions taking place in a photo cell installed in your solar panels is quite complex to understand. But you must know that it is silicon which helps this transformation of sunlight into the electrical current. It would be difficult or impossible to generate solar electricity without silicon in solar panels.

Size Of The Collectors

The size of the solar collector maters as it refers to the amount of energy which the unit can gather and transfer. Normally, there will be more electricity if panel is of big size and smaller panel means less energy.  But this size dependence has been modified in recent years due to massive advancements in technology. The solar collectors have been made much more energy efficient as compared to those in use a decade ago. It means that 3×5 solar panels may be able to work as efficiently now as a 5×10 solar of older configurations.

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Modern society has become dependant on electricity. All appliances ranging from a small watch to complex gadgetry is dependant on the electrical current. This current may be provided by the national power grid or batteries. The batteries are a source of DC that can be converted into AC by using inverters. A solar battery is something which also serves the same function but is unique and different. It is more reliable and easy to use

Solar Battery

Solar battery is a battery that gets power from the rays of the sun. This power may be used in a wide range of appliances.

Handling Of A Solar Battery

A solar battery is not at all difficult to understand and use. It is totally safe for the user. The care in handling and adherence to the precautions can save the owner from harm. It is just like a normal battery and one should not be afraid of its handling. A few of the precautions in handling of the solar battery are discussed below:-

Buying A Flooded Battery

When someone buys a flooded battery and tries to use them, he has to fully charge it.  Once the battery is fully charged, it can be used as desired.

Subsequently, one has to buy a hydrometer to take the readings of the battery condition and charge status as and when required.

Myth About Batteries

There is a misconception that lead-acid batteries have the memory power.  The preachers of this myth advocate that the battery needs to be fully discharged to get rid of that memory. This is truly wrong. And doing this shall lead to the battery failure and loss to the individual.

Inactivity Is Bad For Battery

Solar battery must not be kept inactive. The perception to save and preserve it for longer duration in an inactive state is a totally wrong concept. The battery should be used when you need it and there is no benefit in prolonged storage. The life of the battery is bound to decline over a period of time and keeping the batteries inactive only spoils them further.

Cleaning The Batteries

The batteries must be kept clean but there are certain precautions in this regard. Try not to use solvent for cleaning the battery as it could be dangerous and cause damage to battery. For cleaning the battery you must use distilled water. This is safe and damage free. It also increases the life of battery.

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The solar energy has emerged as a promising source of renewable energy. The vast potential in terms of heat and light can be capped by use of simple gadgets. The governments are promoting the use of the energy by giving incentives to the citizens. These incentives include tax concessions and leasing facilities.

However, these efforts are of no use if one does not know the correct path of the sun throughout the year. This path of the sun for entire year is calculated by the sun pathfinder.

Sun Pathfinder

Sun pathfinder is an important tool for establishing any plant related to solar energy. It is used to give out the path of the sun at a particular location throughout the year. If one knows the path, he can easily place and position the solar panels in a way that they get maximum exposure to the sun. In addition, the sun pathfinder can be used to locate the sun rooms and other sun related research projects.

Principle Of Operation

The sun pathfinder works on a simple principle of the sun reflection. The gadget is composed of a mirrored half bowl. The reflection of the sun is seen in the bowl and the position of the shadow gives an idea of the sun reading. This reading is further compared with the location card that traces the path of the sun.

Components Of Sun Pathfinder

The sun pathfinder has become an essential portion of any soalr installation. It is composed of the following components:-

1. A mirrored half bowl in which the reflection and shadow of the sun is seen. This forms the first visual to be used for tracing the path of the sun.
2. A location card that is place at the bottom of the bowl. Each card is specifically drawn for a particular location and it gives the path of the sun depending upon the reflection seen in the bowl.
3. A tripod, the third part, can be added at the choice of the buyer. This tripod acts as a stand for placing of the bowl to take the readings as necessary.

Advantages Of The Sun Pathfinder

A sun pathfinder provides following benefits to the buyers:-

1. It helps map the entire path of the sun at a particular location throughout the year.

2. It helps in correct sighting and positioning of the solar panels.

3. The sun pathfinder also aids in sighting the greenhouse and sun rooms at the locations where they can get maximum sun.

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The spirit of adventure often takes people to far off places. The traveling to far off places is always fun as one gets to see the beautiful scenery. However, living at these secluded places is a bit difficult due to the non-availability of basic facilities like electricity. Operating a generator may be an expensive option. But the advancement in solar energy has made the provision of electricity at isolated points quite easy.

Solar Cabin

The cabins or small houses at hillside or far off places are the principal get away places for holidays. One gets to enjoy nature while staying at such peaceful resorts. However, their being isolated from the population means that they are away from the national grid as well. This results in non-availability of electricity at such resorts. The road infrastructure exists but living is difficult due to absence of electricity. But the solar energy can be used very easily at these places and the living conditions can be improved.

Solar Power System For Cabins

A solar power system is composed of arrays of solar panels that are used to convert the sunlight into electricity.

This electricity can be used to run the appliances or for charging of a battery that serves as a backup during the night. The solar panels are required to be placed in sunlight. Therefore the best location for them is the roof of the cabin or any other sunny place.

Considerations For Setting Up Solar Cabin

It is very easy to set up the solar power system for a cabin. One just need the basic awareness of the system. Few of the points to be considered in this regard are:-

1. Select the place for fixing up of the solar panel. One should choose a place which has the maximum exposure to sun light.
2. Make use of a sun directory or almanac to decide upon the direction of the solar panel. This will help you capture maximum amount of the sunlight by adjusting your panels in correct direction.
3. Select a battery type and size as per your needs. The bigger battery means longer back up time. The need of the periodic maintenance of the battery must also be taken into account before selecting the battery type.
4. If you have the basic knowledge of the electrical wiring, you can yourself set up the power system. The services of the professionals can also be obtained for setting up of the solar power system for your cabin.

Minimizing Expenditure

The solar energy is expensive in terms of the installation charges only. Subsequently, you can get free electricity through out your life. Therefore, the huge expenditure on installation must not discourage you. In addition you must calculate your demand for electricity and accordingly select a suitable solar power system. The solar energy is safe for the environment as well and it does not affect the natural habitat. Also you do not need to operate a noisy generator.

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The solar energy has become one of the cheap means of energy for the domestic users. It has also gained popularity because of its non toxic emissions and being safe for the environment. However, the equipment to tap this energy is quite expensive and relatively sensitive. Therefore, there is a need to understand al the components of the solar energy system so that their preservation and maintenance can be done easily.

Component Of Solar System

A solar system for the domestic users is composed of following parts:-

1. Solar Panels

2. Inverter

3. Charge controllers

4. Control panel and wiring

5 Batteries

Solar Panel

This is the principle source of conversion of light into electric energy. These are made up of photovoltaic cell that converts the light energy into electrical current. This component is installed outside, generally on roofs, and faces the direction of sunlight. The mounting of solar panels may be adjustable to tilt the panels for getting maximum exposure to sunlight.

Inverter

This is the necessary item for conversion of the electric current generated by the panel into current needed for house.

This converts DC current from battery or the solar panel into the AC for running of appliances. In addition, there are invertors that convert AC into DC for charging of battery by the generators.

Charge Controllers

In order to ensure the correct charging, a series of charge controllers is added into the system. They ensure that the batteries are not over charged and hence there is no danger of their bursting. They can also be used to sever the connection at any time necessary.

Control Panel And Wiring

Since the current from the solar panels may fluctuate due to the intensity of sunlight at different times of the day, there is a need to regulate the flow of current. This is done by the use of the control panel that reduces the chance of any power surge. In addition the fuses and circuit breakers are incorporated. All these components are connected by a good quality electric wire.

Battery

This is the component used for backup and not a mandatory portion of the solar system. The batteries get charged during the day and can be used during dark hours. They are available in wide variety, ranging from wet acid battery to dry sealed ones. Selecting a battery size is as per the user’s needs. A bigger battery gives longer back up time as compared to the smaller battery.

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