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Class 9 Maths Ganita Manjari Textbook Solutions

Advanced Mathematics Optional Class 9 Textbook Solutions

2026-08-08T02:37:34.206+05:30

Class 9 Advanced Mathematics Optional Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

Students who need to study Mathematics in Class 11 should take advanced mathematics as optional study. NCERT has introduced a Advanced Mathematics textbook for Class 9 which is optional for the students of academic session 2026–27. On this page, you will find chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Advanced Maths based on the latest syllabus.

List of Chapters for class 9 Advanced Maths Textbook Solutions

There are total 6 chapters in Advanced Mathematics Textbook of Class 9.

Chapter 1 Sets
Chapter 2 Logarithms
Chapter 3 Relations and Functions
Chapter 4 Coordinate Geometry
Chapter 5 Combinatorics
Chapter 6 Exploring some more Progressions

Chapter 5 Exploring Mixtures and their Separation NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

2026-06-29T00:52:18.138+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 Exploring Mixtures and their Separation Class 9 Science

NCERT Solutions for Exploring Mixtures and their Separation Class 9 Science is prepared by expert faculty. This is the fourth chapter of Class 9 Science NCERT Textbook named Exploration.

Chapter Name: Exploring Mixtures and their Separation
Textbook Name: Class 9 Science

Chapter 5 Exploring Mixtures and their Separation NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

Think it Over

1. Why do suspended particles settle in muddy water over time but not in milk?

Answer

Suspended particles in muddy water are relatively large and heavy. Due to gravity, these particles settle down at the bottom when the mixture is left undisturbed. In milk, the particles are extremely small colloidal particles that remain uniformly dispersed in the liquid and do not settle under normal conditions.

2. How is evaporation different from boiling?

Answer

Evaporation is a slow process that takes place only at the surface of a liquid and can occur at any temperature. Boiling is a rapid process that occurs throughout the liquid when it reaches its boiling point, resulting in the formation of bubbles.

3. Why do you see bright rays of sunlight when it passes through small gaps between the leaves of a dense tree?

Answer

Bright rays of sunlight are visible because tiny dust particles and water droplets present in the air scatter the sunlight. This scattering makes the path of the light beam visible, a phenomenon known as the Tyndall effect.

Pause and Ponder

1. A common talcum powder contains 4 % m/m zinc oxide, which acts as an antiseptic. How much zinc oxide is present in 300 g of the talcum powder?

Answer

Given: Percentage of zinc oxide = 4% m/m

Mass of talcum powder = 300 g

Calculation:

\(\text{Mass of zinc oxide}=\frac{4}{100}\times300\,\text{g}\)

= 12 g

12 g of zinc oxide is present in 300 g of the talcum powder.

2. Your mother gives you a bottle of orange juice concentrate to mix with water and serve it to your visiting friends. She asks you to mix two tablespoons of the concentrate with water in a glass tumbler. If each tablespoon measures 15 mL and you make 150 mL of juice per person, what is the % v/v of orange juice concentrate in the mixture you prepared?

Answer

Given:

Volume of orange juice concentrate = 2 × 15 mL = 30 mL

Volume of solution = 150 mL

Formula:

\(\%\;v/v=\frac{\text{Volume of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution}}\times100\)

Calculation:

\(\%\;v/v=\frac{30}{150}\times100=20\%\)

The concentration of orange juice concentrate in the mixture is 20% v/v.

3. Vinegar, used as a food preservative and additive, contains 5 % v/v acetic acid. Glacial acetic acid is a liquid, i.e., 100% acetic acid. If you want to make vinegar from glacial acetic acid, how would you proceed?

Answer

To prepare vinegar containing 5% v/v acetic acid, take 5 mL of glacial acetic acid and add sufficient water to make the total volume 100 mL. Mix the solution thoroughly.

Mix 5 mL of glacial acetic acid with water and make the total volume up to 100 mL to obtain vinegar containing 5% v/v acetic acid.

4. Refer to the solubility curves given in Activity 5.2. If equal masses of hot, saturated solutions of compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’ are cooled from 80 °C to 60 °C, which solution is likely to deposit more solid?

Answer

Compound ‘B’ is likely to deposit more solid on cooling from 80 °C to 60 °C.

This is because the solubility curve of compound ‘B’ shows a much larger decrease in solubility between 80 °C and 60 °C than that of compound ‘A’. As the temperature decreases, a greater amount of dissolved compound ‘B’ comes out of the solution in the form of crystals.

Answer: The saturated solution of compound ‘B’ will deposit more solid.

5. Will there be any change in the size of common salt crystals if the rate of evaporation is increased or decreased? Explain.

Answer

Yes, the size of common salt crystals depends on the rate of evaporation.

If evaporation occurs slowly, salt particles get sufficient time to arrange themselves in a regular pattern, forming larger and well-shaped crystals.

If evaporation occurs rapidly, crystals form quickly and do not get enough time to grow, resulting in smaller crystals.

Answer: Slow evaporation produces larger crystals, whereas rapid evaporation produces smaller crystals.

6. State whether the following statements are True or False. Also, correct the False statements.

(i) Salt can be separated from a salt solution by evaporation or distillation.

(ii) Distillation can be used for separation of two liquids even when these have the same boiling point.

(iii) In paper chromatography, the solvent level should be above the sample spot at the beginning of the experiment.

(iv) Evaporation and crystallization are the same processes.

Answer

(i) True.

Salt can be obtained from a salt solution by evaporation. Distillation can also be used, where water is collected as the distillate and salt remains behind.

(ii) False.

Correct Statement: Distillation can be used to separate two liquids only when they have different boiling points.

(iii) False.

Correct Statement: In paper chromatography, the solvent level should be below the sample spot at the beginning of the experiment.

(iv) False.

Correct Statement: Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into vapour, whereas crystallization is the process of obtaining pure solid crystals from a saturated solution.

7. Why do immiscible liquids form two separate layers in a separating funnel?

Answer

Immiscible liquids do not mix with each other because their molecules do not attract one another sufficiently. Due to the difference in their densities, they form separate layers when left undisturbed. The denser liquid settles at the bottom, while the less dense liquid remains on the top.

Immiscible liquids form two separate layers in a separating funnel because they do not mix and have different densities.

8. Is sublimation different from evaporation? Justify.

Answer

Yes, sublimation is different from evaporation.

In sublimation, a solid changes directly into vapour without passing through the liquid state. Examples include camphor, naphthalene and dry ice. In evaporation, a liquid changes into vapour from its surface at temperatures below its boiling point.

Sublimation involves the direct conversion of a solid into vapour, whereas evaporation involves the conversion of a liquid into vapour. Therefore, the two processes are different.

9. Clouds are made up of tiny water droplets or ice crystals floating in the air. Based on what you know about solutions, suspensions and colloids, what type of mixture do you think clouds are and why?

Answer

Clouds are colloids. They consist of tiny water droplets or ice crystals dispersed in air. These particles are very small and remain suspended in the air for a long time without settling down. They are intermediate in size between the particles of a solution and a suspension.

Clouds are colloidal mixtures because tiny water droplets or ice crystals remain uniformly dispersed in air without settling.

10. Why do cities with a lot of smoke and dust in the air often look hazy?

Answer

Cities with a lot of smoke and dust appear hazy because these fine particles remain suspended in the air and scatter sunlight in different directions. Due to this scattering of light, visibility decreases and the atmosphere looks cloudy or hazy.

Revise, Reflect, Refine

1. Which of the following mixtures are correctly classified as homogeneous (Hm) and heterogeneous (Ht)? Choose the correct option.

(i) Air — Hm, Milk — Ht, Sugar solution — Hm, Smoke — Hm
(ii) Brass — Ht, Fog — Ht, Vinegar — Ht, Muddy water — Hm
(iii) Copper sulfate solution — Hm, Salt solution — Hm, Milk — Hm, Bronze — Hm
(iv) Muddy water — Ht, Milk — Ht, Blood — Ht, Brass — Hm

Answer

(ii) Brass — Ht, Fog — Ht, Vinegar — Ht, Muddy water — Hm

Brass is a homogeneous mixture (alloy), fog is a heterogeneous mixture (colloid), vinegar is a homogeneous mixture (solution), and muddy water is a heterogeneous mixture (suspension).

2. Choose the correct options, and explain the reason for the correct and incorrect options.

Which among the following mixtures show the Tyndall Effect?

A mixture of:

(a) air and dust particles

(b) copper sulfate and water

(c) starch and water

(d) acetone and water

(i) a and b

(ii) b and d

(iii) a and c

(iv) c and d

Answer

(iii) a and c

Air and dust particles form a colloidal mixture, and starch in water also forms a colloid. Colloidal particles scatter light and show the Tyndall effect.

Copper sulfate in water and acetone in water form true solutions, which do not show the Tyndall effect.

3. A mixture can be categorised as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid, each possessing distinct properties. Utilise the words or phrases provided in the box to fill in Table 5.2. Words and phrases may be used more than once.

Answer

Solution	Suspension	Colloid
Properties	Properties	Properties
Small-sized particles (less than 1 nm diameter)	Large-sized particles (more than 1000 nm diameter)	Moderate-sized particles (1–1000 nm)
Homogeneous mixture	Heterogeneous mixture	Heterogeneous mixture
Transparent	Settles down when left undisturbed	Does not settle down
Cannot be separated by filtration	Separates by filtration	Scatters light
Examples	Examples	Examples
Salt solution	Mud	Milk
Brass	Sand in water	Smoke
		Butter

4. Solve the following problems:

(i) A cake recipe uses dry ingredients, namely 75 g of sugar for 420 g of all-purpose flour and 5 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate. Express the concentration of each component in the mixture using an appropriate method.

(ii) A brass alloy contains 70% copper by mass. Calculate the quantities of copper and zinc present in 120 g of brass.

Answer

(i) Sugar = 75 g

All-purpose flour = 420 g

Sodium hydrogen carbonate = 5 g

Total mass of mixture = 75 + 420 + 5 = 500 g

Mass by mass percentage of sugar

= (75/500) × 100

= 15%

Mass by mass percentage of flour

\(=\frac{75}{500}\times100\)

\(=15\%\)

Mass by mass percentage of sodium hydrogen carbonate

\(=\frac{5}{500}\times100\)

\(=1\%\)

Sugar = 15% m/m

All-purpose flour = 84% m/m

Sodium hydrogen carbonate = 1% m/m

(ii) Mass of brass = 120 g

Copper = 70%

Mass of copper

\(=\frac{70}{100}\times120\)

= 84 g

Mass of zinc

= 120 − 84

= 36 g

Copper present = 84 g

Zinc present = 36 g

5. The label on a cooking oil pack says one litre (910 g). If this oil is mixed with water, will it form a separate layer? If so, which substance will be on top? How will you separate the two layers? Also, draw the diagram of the apparatus used.

Answer

Yes, cooking oil and water are immiscible liquids and will form separate layers.

One litre of oil has a mass of 910 g, so its density is 0.91 g/mL, which is less than the density of water (1 g/mL).

Therefore, oil will form the upper layer and water will form the lower layer.

The two liquids can be separated using a separating funnel. The lower layer of water is allowed to flow out first through the stopcock, and the oil is collected separately.

6. Assertion (A): Solutions do not exhibit the Tyndall effect.

Reason (R): The particles in solutions are larger than 100 nm, so they cannot scatter light.

Choose the correct option:

(i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true, but R is false.

(iv) A is false, but R is true.

Answer

(iii) A is true, but R is false.

Solutions do not show the Tyndall effect because their particles are extremely small (less than 1 nm) and cannot scatter light. The reason is false because it incorrectly states that the particles are larger than 100 nm.

7. How would you separate the mixtures given in Table 5.3? Mention the reason for choosing your method. If a mixture cannot be separated, explain why.

Answer

Mixture	Method of separation	Reason for selection
Mud from muddy water	Filtration	Mud particles are insoluble and larger in size, so they can be retained by a filter.
Plasma from other components in the blood sample	Centrifugation	Blood components have different densities and can be separated by rapid spinning.
Naphthalene and sand	Sublimation	Naphthalene sublimes on heating whereas sand does not.
Chalk powder and common salt	Dissolve in water, filtration and evaporation/crystallization	Salt dissolves in water while chalk powder does not.
Common salt and water	Evaporation or distillation	Water can be evaporated or distilled, leaving salt behind.
Oil from water	Separating funnel	Oil and water are immiscible liquids and form separate layers.
Pigments of the flower	Paper chromatography	Different pigments move at different rates in a solvent and get separated.

8. Two miscible liquids, A and B, are present in a mixture. The boiling point of A is 60 °C and the boiling point of B is 90 °C. Suggest a method to separate them. Also, draw a labelled diagram of the method suggested.

Answer

The difference between the boiling points of liquids A and B is 30 °C (90 °C − 60 °C).

Since the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, the mixture can be separated by distillation.

On heating the mixture, liquid A (boiling point 60 °C) vaporises first. The vapours are cooled in a condenser and collected separately. Liquid B remains in the distillation flask.

The mixture should be separated by distillation.

9. Compare evaporation, crystallization and distillation. In which situation would you prefer each of these over the others?

Answer

Process	Description	Preferred Situation
Evaporation	The solvent is allowed to evaporate, leaving the solute behind.	Used when only the solute is required, such as obtaining salt from seawater.
Crystallization	Pure crystals are obtained from a saturated solution by cooling or evaporation.	Used for obtaining pure solids and removing impurities from them.
Distillation	A liquid is vaporised and then condensed to recover it.	Used when the solvent is also required or when separating miscible liquids with different boiling points.

I would prefer evaporation when only the solute is needed, crystallization when pure crystals are required, and distillation when the solvent must also be recovered or when separating miscible liquids.

10. Blood is an example of a colloidal mixture.

(i) What would happen if blood behaved like a true suspension inside the body?

(ii) In a blood sample, identify the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.

Answer

(i) If blood behaved like a true suspension, its particles would settle down when the blood remained stationary. This would prevent the uniform transport of oxygen, nutrients and other substances throughout the body and could be harmful.

(ii) In a blood sample, identify the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.

Dispersed phase: Blood cells (RBCs, WBCs and platelets)

Dispersion medium: Plasma

11. You are given a mixture of sand, common salt and naphthalene (Fig. 5.25a). The Fig. 5.25b depicts various steps used to separate the components of this mixture. Identify and write down the correct sequence of separation techniques.

Answer

The mixture contains sand, common salt and naphthalene.

Step 1: Sublimation (Apparatus 1)

Naphthalene sublimes on heating and gets separated from the mixture.

Step 2: Dissolve the remaining mixture in water and perform filtration (Apparatus 3)

Common salt dissolves in water while sand remains insoluble. Sand is separated by filtration.

Step 3: Evaporation/Crystallization (Apparatus 2)

The salt solution is heated to obtain common salt.

Correct sequence:

Sublimation → Filtration → Evaporation (or Crystallization)

12. Why is distillation an effective method for separating a mixture of water and acetone?

Answer

Distillation is effective because water and acetone are miscible liquids with significantly different boiling points.

Acetone boils at about 56°C, whereas water boils at 100°C. On heating the mixture, acetone vaporises first. The vapours are cooled and condensed to obtain pure acetone, while water remains behind.

13. Answer the following questions with the help of the data given in Table 5.4.

(i) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to prepare its saturated solution in 50 g of water at 40 °C?

(ii) A student makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 80 °C and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature (25 °C). What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.

(iii) What is the effect of a change in temperature on the solubility of salts? Also, compare the changes in the solubility of the four given salts by increasing temperature from 10 °C to 80 °C.

Answer

(i) From Table 5.4, the solubility of potassium nitrate at 40°C is 62 g per 100 g of water.

Calculation:

Mass of potassium nitrate required in 50 g water

\(=\frac{62\times50}{100}\)

= 31 g

31 g of potassium nitrate is required.

(ii) At 80°C, potassium chloride has a solubility of 54 g per 100 g of water.

At about 25°C, its solubility is much lower (between 35 g and 37.4 g per 100 g of water).

As the solution cools, excess potassium chloride can no longer remain dissolved and starts separating out as crystals.

(iii) Generally, the solubility of salts increases with an increase in temperature.

Salt	Solubility at 10°C (g/100 g water)	Solubility at 80°C (g/100 g water)	Increase
Potassium nitrate	21	167	146
Sodium chloride	36	37	1
Potassium chloride	35	54	19
Ammonium chloride	24	66	42

Comparison:

Potassium nitrate shows the maximum increase in solubility.

Ammonium chloride shows a moderate increase.

Potassium chloride shows a smaller increase.

Sodium chloride shows very little change in solubility.

The solubility of all four salts increases with temperature, but the increase is greatest for potassium nitrate and least for sodium chloride.

14. Three students, A, B and C, are preparing sugar solutions for an experiment.

Student A dissolves 20 g of sugar in 80 g of water.
Student B dissolves 20 g of sugar in 100 g of water.
Student C dissolves 30 g of sugar in 80 g of water.

(i) Calculate the mass percentage (% m/m) concentration of sugar in each student’s solution.

(ii) Whose solution is the most concentrated? Explain why.

Answer

(i) For Student A

Mass of sugar = 20 g

Mass of water = 80 g

Mass of solution = 20 + 80 = 100 g

\(\%\;m/m=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution}}\times100\)

\(\%\;m/m=\frac{20}{100}\times100\)

= 20%

Mass percentage of Student A's solution = 20% m/m

For Student B

Mass of sugar = 20 g

Mass of water = 100 g

Mass of solution = 20 + 100 = 120 g

\(\%\;m/m=\frac{20}{120}\times100\)

= 16.67%

Mass percentage of Student B's solution = 16.67% m/m

For Student C

Mass of sugar = 30 g

Mass of water = 80 g

Mass of solution = 30 + 80 = 110 g

\(\%\;m/m=\frac{30}{110}\times100\)

= 27.27%

Mass percentage of Student C's solution = 27.27% m/m

(ii) The concentration of the three solutions is:

Student A = 20% m/m

Student B = 16.67% m/m

Student C = 27.27% m/m

Since Student C's solution has the highest mass percentage of sugar, it contains the greatest amount of sugar per 100 g of solution.

Student C's solution is the most concentrated because it has the highest sugar concentration, 27.27% m/m.

15. Examine Fig. 5.26.

(i) Identify the separation technique marked as ‘S’.

(ii) Label the apparatus A, B and C.

(iii) Which of the following mixtures can be separated by the technique identified above? Use the data given in Table 5.5. Mixtures:

(a) water — acetone

(b) water — salt

(d) sand — salt

(e) alcohol — chloroform

(f) alcohol — benzene

Answer

(i) is used for distillation. The separation technique marked as ‘S’ is Distillation.

(ii) A – Distillation flask

B – Water condenser (Liebig condenser)

C – Conical flask (Receiver)

(iii) Distillation is used to separate:

A liquid from a dissolved solid.
Two miscible liquids having a difference in boiling points of about 25°C or more.

(a) Water — Acetone

Boiling point difference = 100°C − 56°C = 44°C

Can be separated by distillation.

(b) Water — Salt

Salt is a non-volatile solid dissolved in water.

Can be separated by distillation.

(c) Acetone — Alcohol

Boiling point difference = 78°C − 56°C = 22°C

Cannot be separated by simple distillation.

(d) Sand — Salt

Both are solids.

Cannot be separated by distillation.

(e) Alcohol — Chloroform

Boiling point difference = 78°C − 61°C = 17°C

Cannot be separated by simple distillation.

(f) Alcohol — Benzene

Boiling point difference = 80°C − 78°C = 2°C

Cannot be separated by simple distillation.

The mixtures that can be separated by the technique identified above are:

(a) Water — Acetone

(b) Water — Salt

Chapter 4 Describing Motion Around Us NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

2026-06-24T04:30:08.255+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Describing Motion Around Us Class 9 Science

NCERT Solutions for Describing Motion Around Us Class 9 Science is prepared by expert faculty. This is the fourth chapter of Class 9 Science NCERT Textbook named Exploration.

Chapter Name: Describing Motion Around Us
Textbook Name: Class 9 Science

Chapter 4 Describing Motion Around Us NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

Page No. 48

Think it Over

1. How much distance should we maintain from the truck ahead to avoid a collision if it suddenly applies the brakes?

Answer

We should maintain a safe distance from the truck ahead so that there is enough time to react and stop the vehicle if the truck suddenly applies the brakes. The exact distance depends on the speed of the vehicle and road conditions.

2. Does this distance depend upon the speed with which we are moving?

Answer

Yes, this distance depends on the speed of the vehicle. At higher speeds, a greater distance should be maintained because the vehicle takes more time and distance to stop safely.

Page No. 51

Pause and Ponder

1. In the example of an athlete running back and forth on a straight track (Fig. 4.4), when will the displacement of the athlete be zero? What will be the total distance travelled in that case?

Answer

The displacement of the athlete will be zero when she returns to her starting point O.

In Fig. 4.4, if the athlete runs from O to A and then comes back to O, her final position becomes the same as her initial position. Therefore, displacement = 0 m.

Total distance travelled = OA + AO = 100 m + 100 m = 200 m.

2. Fuel used up in a vehicle depends on which of the following? Justify your answer.

(i) Total distance travelled

(ii) Displacement

Answer

(i) Fuel consumption depends on the total distance travelled because fuel is used throughout the path covered by the vehicle, irrespective of its direction.

Fuel consumption does not depend on displacement. A vehicle may have zero displacement after returning to its starting point, but fuel is still consumed because distance has been travelled.

3. A ball rolls down an inclined track as shown in Fig. 4.6. Is its motion a straight line motion? Assuming the starting point of the ball (O) to be the origin, can its motion from O to D be depicted using a horizontal line as shown in Fig. 4.3? Are the values of total distance travelled and magnitude of displacement from O equal or different at positions A, B, C and D?

Answer

Yes, the ball is moving along a straight inclined track. Therefore, its motion is a straight line motion.

The motion can be represented by a straight line with O as the origin, similar to Fig. 4.3, because the ball moves only in one direction along the track.

Since the ball does not turn back and continues moving in the same direction, the total distance travelled and the magnitude of displacement are equal at all positions A, B, C and D.

Thus,

At A: Distance travelled = Displacement

At B: Distance travelled = Displacement

At C: Distance travelled = Displacement

At D: Distance travelled = Displacement

4. During a family road trip, you drive 200 km north in three hours. Afterwards, you drive 200 km south in two hours. Find the average speed and average velocity for your entire trip.

Answer

Given:

Distance travelled towards north = 200 km

Distance travelled towards south = 200 km

Total time taken = 3 h + 2 h = 5 h

Average Speed

Total distance travelled = 200 km + 200 km = 400 km

Average speed = Total distance travelled/Total time taken

Average speed = 400/5

Average speed = 80 km h^-1

Average Velocity

Displacement = 0 km

(The final position is the same as the initial position.)

Average velocity = Displacement/Total time taken

Average velocity = 0/5 = 0 km h^-1

Average velocity = 0 km h^-1

5. Under what condition(s) is the

(i) magnitude of average velocity of an object equal to its average speed?

(ii) magnitude of average velocity of an object zero while its average speed is not zero?

Answer

(i) The magnitude of average velocity is equal to the average speed when the object moves in a straight line without changing its direction. In this case, the distance travelled is equal to the magnitude of displacement.

(ii) This occurs when the object returns to its starting point after travelling some distance. In such a case, the displacement is zero, so the average velocity is zero, but the distance travelled is not zero, so the average speed remains non-zero.

Example: A runner completes one full lap of a circular track and returns to the starting point.

Page No. 68

Revise, Reflect, Refine

1. My father went to a shop from home which is located at a distance of 250 m on a straight road. On reaching there, he discovered that he forgot to carry a cloth bag. He came home to take it, went to the shop again, bought provisions and came back home. How much was the total distance travelled by him? What was his displacement from home?

Answer

Given:

Distance between home and shop = 250 m

Total Distance Travelled

Home → Shop = 250 m

Shop → Home = 250 m

Home → Shop = 250 m

Shop → Home = 250 m

Total distance travelled = 250 + 250 + 250 + 250

= 1000 m

Total distance travelled = 1000 m

Displacement

The father starts from home and finally returns to home.

Initial position = Final position

Therefore, displacement = 0 m

Displacement from home = 0 m

2. A student runs from the ground floor to the fourth floor of a school building to collect a book and then comes down to their classroom on the second floor. If the height of each floor is 3 m, find:

(i) the total vertical distance travelled, and

(ii) their displacement from the starting point.

Answer

(i) Given:

Height of each floor = 3 m

Ground floor to fourth floor = 4 × 3 m = 12 m

Fourth floor to second floor = 2 × 3 m = 6 m

Total vertical distance travelled = 12 m + 6 m

= 18 m

Total vertical distance travelled = 18 m

(ii) The student starts from the ground floor and finally reaches the second floor.

Displacement = Height of second floor above ground floor

= 2 × 3 m

= 6 m

Displacement = 6 m upward

3. A girl is riding her scooter and finds that its speedometer reading is constant. Is it possible for her scooter to be accelerating and if so, how?

Answer

Yes, it is possible for the scooter to be accelerating even if the speedometer reading remains constant.

The speedometer shows only the speed (magnitude of velocity). Acceleration depends on the change in velocity, and velocity can change due to a change in direction even when speed remains constant.

For example, when the scooter moves along a curved road or takes a turn, its direction changes continuously. Therefore, the scooter is accelerating.

4. A car starts from rest and its velocity reaches 24 m s^-1 in 6 s. Find the average acceleration and the distance travelled in these 6 s.

Answer

Given:

Initial velocity, u = 0 m s^-1

Final velocity, v = 24 m s^-1

Time, t = 6 s

Average Acceleration

\(a = \frac{v-u}{t}\)

\(a = \frac{24-0}{6}\)

\(a = 4\ \text{m s}^{-2}\)

Average acceleration = 4 m s^-2

Distance Travelled

\(s = \frac{u+v}{2}\times t\)

\(s = \frac{0+24}{2}\times 6\)

\(s = 12\times 6\)

\(s = 72\ \text{m}\)

Distance travelled = 72 m

5. A motorbike moving with initial velocity 28 m s^-1 and constant acceleration stops after travelling 98 m. Find the acceleration of the motorbike and the time taken to come to a stop.

Answer

Given:

Initial velocity, u = 28 m s^-1

Final velocity, v = 0 m s^-1

Distance travelled, s = 98 m

Using the equation

v² = u² + 2as

0 = (28)² + 2 × a × 98

0 = 784 + 196a

196a = -784

a = -4 m s^-2

Acceleration = -4 m s^-2

Now, using

v = u + at

0 = 28 + (-4)t

4t = 28

t = 7 s

Time taken to stop = 7 s

6. Fig. 4.27 shows a position-time graph of two objects A and B that are moving along parallel tracks in the same direction. Do objects A and B ever have equal velocity? Justify your answer.

Answer

Yes, objects A and B have equal velocity at one instant of time.

In a position-time graph, the slope of the graph represents velocity.

Object B has a straight-line graph, which means it is moving with constant velocity. Object A has a curved graph, which means its velocity is changing with time.

At the instant where the tangent to the curve of object A becomes parallel to the straight-line graph of object B (near the marked region around 5 s), both graphs have the same slope.

Since equal slopes represent equal velocities, objects A and B have equal velocity at that instant.

7. A graph in Fig. 4.28 shows the change in position with time for two objects A and B moving in a straight line from 0 to 10 seconds. Choose the correct option(s).

(i) The average velocity of both over the 10 s time interval is equal since they have the same initial and final positions.

(ii) The average speeds of both over the 10 s time interval are equal since both cover equal distance in equal time.

(iii) The average speed of A over the 10 s time interval is lower than that of B since it covers a shorter distance than B in 10 seconds.

(iv) The average speed of A over the 10 s time interval is greater than that of B since B’s speed is lower than A’s in some segments.

Answer

Both objects start from the same position and reach the same final position at t = 10 s.

Therefore,

Displacement of A = Displacement of B

Time interval = 10 s

Average velocity = Displacement/Time

Hence, both objects have the same average velocity.

Correct Option: (i)

Since both objects move only in one direction and cover the same distance in the same time interval, their average speeds are also equal.

Correct Option: (ii)

Therefore, the correct options are (i) and (ii).

8. A truck driver driving at the speed of 54 km h^-1 notices a road sign with a speed limit of 40 km h^-1 (Fig. 4.29) for trucks. He slows down to 36 km h^-1 in 36 s. What was the distance travelled by him during this time? Assume the acceleration to be constant while slowing down.

Answer

Given:

Initial velocity, u = 54 km h^-1 = 15 m s^-1

Final velocity, v = 36 km h^-1 = 10 m s^-1

Time, t = 36 s

Distance travelled, s = ?

Using

\(s = \frac{u+v}{2}\times t\)

\(s = \frac{15+10}{2}\times 36\)

\(s = \frac{25}{2}\times 36\)

\(s = 450\ \text{m}\)

Distance travelled = 450 m

9. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly to 20 m s^-1 in 5 seconds. It then travels at 20 m s^-1 for 10 seconds and finally applies the brake (with uniform acceleration) to stop in 6 seconds. Find the total distance travelled.

Answer

First stage: Acceleration

u = 0 m s^-1, v = 20 m s^-1, t = 5 s

\(s_1 = \frac{u+v}{2}\times t\)

\(s_1 = \frac{0+20}{2}\times 5\)

\(s_1 = 50\ \text{m}\)

Second stage: Constant velocity

v = 20 m s^-1, t = 10 s

s₂ = vt

s₂ = 20 × 10

s₂ = 200 m

Third stage: Braking

u = 20 m s^-1, v = 0 m s^-1, t = 6 s

\(s_3 = \frac{u+v}{2}\times t\)

\(s_3 = \frac{20+0}{2}\times 6\)

\(s_3 = 60\ \text{m}\)

Total distance travelled

= s₁ + s₂ + s₃

= 50 + 200 + 60

= 310 m

Total distance travelled = 310 m

10. A bus is travelling at 36 km h^-1 when the driver sees an obstacle 30 m ahead. The driver takes 0.5 seconds to react before pressing the brake. Once the brake is applied, the velocity of the bus reduces with constant acceleration of 2.5 m s^-2. Will the bus be able to stop before reaching the obstacle?

Answer

Given:

Initial velocity, u = 36 km h^-1 = 10 m s^-1

Reaction time = 0.5 s

Deceleration = 2.5 m s^-2

Distance to obstacle = 30 m

Distance travelled during reaction time

s₁ = vt

s₁ = 10 × 0.5

s₁ = 5 m

Braking distance

Using

v² = u² + 2as

0 = (10)² + 2(-2.5)s

0 = 100 - 5s

s = 20 m

Total stopping distance

= 5 + 20

= 25 m

Distance available = 30 m

Stopping distance = 25 m

Since 25 m < 30 m, the bus will stop before reaching the obstacle.

Yes, the bus will be able to stop safely. It will stop 5 m before the obstacle.

11. A student said, “The Earth moves around the Sun”. In this context, discuss whether an object kept on the Earth can be considered to be at rest.

Answer

Rest and motion are relative concepts and depend on the reference point chosen.

An object kept on the Earth can be considered to be at rest with respect to the Earth's surface because its position does not change relative to nearby objects on Earth.

However, with respect to the Sun, the object is not at rest because the Earth itself is moving around the Sun. Therefore, the object is also moving along with the Earth.

Thus, an object on the Earth can be considered at rest with respect to the Earth, but it is in motion with respect to the Sun.

12. The velocity-time graph from 0 s to 120 s for a cyclist is shown in Fig. 4.30. Shade the areas (in different colours) representing the displacement of the cyclist

(i) while cyclist is moving with constant velocity.

(ii) when the velocity of cyclist is decreasing.

Also, calculate the displacement and average acceleration in the 120 s time interval.

Answer

(i) The cyclist moves with constant velocity of 3 m s^-1 from 20 s to 100 s.

The displacement during this interval is represented by the rectangular area under the velocity-time graph between 20 s and 100 s.

(ii) The velocity decreases from 3 m s^-1 to 2 m s^-1 during the interval 100 s to 120 s.

The displacement during this interval is represented by the trapezium-shaped area under the graph between 100 s and 120 s.

Displacement: Displacement is equal to the total area under the velocity-time graph.

Area of triangle (0 s to 20 s)

= ½ × base × height

= ½ × 20 × 3

= 30 m

Area of rectangle (20 s to 100 s)

= length × breadth

= 80 × 3

= 240 m

Area of trapezium (100 s to 120 s)

= ½ × (sum of parallel sides) × distance between them

= ½ × (3 + 2) × 20

= 50 m

Total displacement

= 30 + 240 + 50

= 320 m

Displacement = 320 m

Average Acceleration

Initial velocity, u = 0 m s^-1

Final velocity, v = 2 m s^-1

Time interval, t = 120 s

\(\text{Average acceleration}=\frac{v-u}{t}\)

\(\text{Average acceleration}=\frac{2-0}{120}\)

\(\text{Average acceleration}=\frac{1}{60}\ \text{m s}^{-2}\)

\(\text{Average acceleration}=0.0167\ \text{m s}^{-2}\)

Average acceleration = 0.0167 m s^-2

13. A girl is preparing for her first marathon by running on a straight road. She uses a smartwatch to calculate her running speed at different intervals. The graph (Fig. 4.31) depicts her velocity versus time. Estimate the running distance based on the graph.

Answer

The distance travelled is equal to the area under the velocity-time graph.

From the graph, the velocities at different times are approximately:

0 h → 7 km h^-1

2 h → 7.5 km h^-1

4 h → 7.5 km h^-1

6 h → 6.5 km h^-1

7 h → 6.5 km h^-1

Area from 0 h to 2 h

= ½ × (7 + 7.5) × 2

= 14.5 km

Area from 2 h to 4 h

= 7.5 × 2

= 15 km

Area from 4 h to 6 h

= ½ × (7.5 + 6.5) × 2

= 14 km

Area from 6 h to 7 h

= 6.5 × 1

= 6.5 km

Total distance travelled

= 14.5 + 15 + 14 + 6.5

= 50 km

Running distance ≈ 50 km

14. On entering a state highway, a car continues to move with a constant velocity of 6 m s^-1 for 2 minutes and then accelerates with a constant acceleration of 1 m s^-2 for 6 seconds. Find the displacement of the car on the state highway in the 2 min 6 s time interval by drawing a velocity-time graph for its motion.

Answer

Given:

Velocity = 6 m s^-1

Time at constant velocity = 2 min = 120 s

Acceleration = 1 m s^-2

Time of acceleration = 6 s

Displacement during first 120 s

s₁ = vt

= 6 × 120

= 720 m

Final velocity after acceleration

v = u + at

= 6 + (1 × 6)

= 12 m s^-1

Displacement during accelerated motion

\(s_2=\frac{u+v}{2}\times t\)

\(s_2=\frac{6+12}{2}\times 6\)

\(s_2=9\times 6\)

\(s_2=54\ \text{m}\)

Total displacement

= 720 + 54

= 774 m

Displacement = 774 m

15. Two cars A and B start moving with a constant acceleration from rest in a straight line. Car A attains a velocity of 5 m s^-1 in 5 s. Car B attains a velocity of 3 m s^-1 in 10 s. Plot the velocity-time graphs for both the cars in the same graph. Using the graph, calculate the displacement mentioned in the two time intervals.

Answer

For Car A

u = 0 m s^-1

v = 5 m s^-1

t = 5 s

Acceleration of Car A

\(a=\frac{v-u}{t}\)

\(a=\frac{5}{5}\)

\(a=1\ \text{m s}^{-2}\)

For Car B

u = 0 m s^-1

v = 3 m s^-1

t = 10 s

Acceleration of Car B

a = (3 - 0)/10

= 0.3 m s^-2

Displacement of Car A

= Area under velocity-time graph

= ½ × 5 × 5

= 12.5 m

Displacement of Car A = 12.5 m

Displacement of Car B

= Area under velocity-time graph

= ½ × 10 × 3

= 15 m

Displacement of Car B = 15 m

Points for plotting the graph:

Car A: (0,0), (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5)

Car B: (0,0), (2,0.6), (4,1.2), (6,1.8), (8,2.4), (10,3)

16. Rohan studies science from 6 PM to 7:30 PM at home. Consider the tip of the minute’s hand of the wall clock. During the given time interval, what is its:

(i) distance travelled,

(ii) displacement,

(iii) speed,

(iv) velocity.

The length of the minute’s hand is 7 cm (Fig. 4.32).

Answer

(i) Length of minute hand = radius = 7 cm

Time interval = 1.5 h = 90 min

The minute hand completes one revolution in 60 min.

In 90 min, it completes 1.5 revolutions.

Distance travelled = 1.5 × Circumference

= 1.5 × 2πr

= 1.5 × 2 × π × 7

= 21π cm

= 66 cm (approximately)

Distance travelled ≈ 66 cm

(ii) From 6:00 PM to 7:30 PM, the minute hand moves from the 12 mark to the 6 mark.

The initial and final positions are diametrically opposite.

Displacement = Diameter of the circle

= 2r

= 2 × 7

= 14 cm

Displacement = 14 cm

(iii) Speed = Distance travelled/Time taken

= 66/90

= 0.733 cm min^-1

Speed ≈ 0.733 cm min^-1

(iv) velocity = Displacement/Time taken

= 14/90

= 0.156 cm min^-1

Average velocity ≈ 0.156 cm min^-1

Chapter 3 Tissues in Action NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

2026-06-23T04:28:25.149+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 Tissues in Action Class 9 Science

NCERT Solutions for Tissues in Action Class 9 Science is prepared by expert faculty. This is the third chapter of Class 9 Science NCERT Textbook named Exploration.

Chapter Name: Tissues in Action
Textbook Name: Class 9 Science

Chapter 3 Tissues in Action NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

Page No. 28

Think it Over

1. How is the study of cells and tissues significant for understanding the life processes and human welfare?

Answer

The study of cells and tissues helps us understand how living organisms function, grow, repair themselves and reproduce. Since cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, understanding them explains various life processes such as nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion. Knowledge of cells and tissues is also important in medicine, disease diagnosis, tissue engineering, organ transplantation and the development of new treatments for improving human welfare.

2. How are tissues in plants and animals different, and why?

Answer

Plant tissues and animal tissues differ in their structure and function.

Plant tissues are mainly concerned with growth, support, storage and transport of materials. Since plants are fixed at one place, many tissues provide mechanical strength and support.

Animal tissues are specialised for movement, coordination, protection and various body functions. Animals move from one place to another and respond quickly to environmental changes, so they possess specialised tissues such as muscular and nervous tissues.

Thus, the differences arise because plants and animals have different lifestyles and functional requirements.

3. How is the division of labour at various levels of organisation in multicellular organisms correlated with their structure and function?

Answer

In multicellular organisms, division of labour means that different cells perform different functions. Similar cells group together to form tissues. Different tissues combine to form organs, and organs work together as organ systems.

Each level of organisation has a specialised structure suited to its function. For example, muscle cells are specialised for movement, nerve cells for transmission of messages, and blood cells for transport of substances. This specialisation increases efficiency and enables the organism to perform complex life processes effectively.

Page No. 33

Pause and Ponder

1. You may have noticed that fibres of coconut husk are hard and brittle, whereas the leaf stalks of coriander are soft and flexible. Find out the reason.

Answer

Coconut husk fibres are hard and brittle because they contain a large amount of sclerenchyma tissue. The cells of sclerenchyma have thick, lignified cell walls that provide great strength and rigidity.

On the other hand, the leaf stalks of coriander are soft and flexible because they contain mainly parenchyma and collenchyma tissues. Collenchyma cells have unevenly thickened walls that provide flexibility and support, allowing the leaf stalk to bend without breaking.

Therefore, the difference in hardness and flexibility is due to the different types of tissues present in these plant parts.

Page No. 34

2. Why do you think that a thick cuticle on the outer wall of epidermis is advantageous for a plant living in the desert but disadvantageous for a plant living underwater?

Answer

A thick cuticle reduces the loss of water through evaporation. This is advantageous for desert plants because water is scarce in deserts and the thick cuticle helps conserve water.

However, in underwater plants, water is available in abundance and there is no danger of water loss. A thick cuticle would hinder the exchange of gases and absorption of dissolved substances from the surrounding water. Therefore, it is disadvantageous for aquatic plants.

3. Once water is absorbed by plant roots, it has to travel against gravity through xylem. How do the ‘dead’ cells of xylem work together with the living cells of leaves at the top to keep the water moving?

Answer

Xylem vessels are made up of dead cells that form continuous hollow tubes for water transport. The living cells of leaves lose water through transpiration. This creates a pulling force called transpiration pull.

The transpiration pull generated by the living leaf cells draws water upward through the xylem vessels from the roots to the leaves. Thus, the dead xylem cells and the living leaf cells work together to maintain the continuous upward movement of water against gravity.

4. What do you think will happen if there were no stomata in the epidermis of the stem or leaves?

Answer

If stomata were absent from the epidermis of stems and leaves, the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere would be severely affected. Carbon dioxide would not enter the plant efficiently for photosynthesis, and oxygen produced during photosynthesis would not be released properly.

Transpiration would also stop, reducing the upward movement of water and minerals from the roots. As a result, the plant would not be able to carry out its normal life processes effectively and may eventually die.

Page No. 40

5. Look at the picture given below (Fig. 3.17). Carefully observe the various poses of classical and folk dances of India. Can you identify which joints are involved? Also, what type of movement each joint allows?

Answer

The dancers are using different joints of the body to perform various movements and poses.

1. Shoulder Joint (Ball and Socket Joint)

This joint allows movement of the arms in all directions, including rotation, lifting, lowering and circular movement.

2. Hip Joint (Ball and Socket Joint)

This joint allows the legs to move in all directions and helps the dancers maintain balance while performing complex steps.

3. Elbow Joint (Hinge Joint)

This joint allows bending and straightening of the arms in one plane.

4. Knee Joint (Hinge Joint)

This joint allows bending and straightening of the legs during dancing.

5. Wrist Joint (Gliding Joint)

This joint allows limited movement of the hand in different directions and helps create graceful hand gestures.

6. Ankle Joint (Hinge Joint)

This joint allows movement of the foot and helps in walking, jumping and maintaining body posture during dance.

7. Neck Joint (Pivot Joint)

This joint allows the head to turn from side to side and contributes to expressive dance movements.

Page No. 44

Revise, Reflect, Refine

1. Meristematic tissues divide repeatedly. What property of their cells allows them to do this?

(i) They have thick walls for protection.
(ii) They contain large vacuoles that store nutrients.
(iii) They have thin walls, dense cytoplasm and large prominent nucleus.
(iv) They are functionally differentiated cells.

Answer

(iii) They have thin walls, dense cytoplasm and large prominent nucleus.

Meristematic cells actively divide because they have thin cell walls, dense cytoplasm, a prominent nucleus and lack large vacuoles. These features help them carry out continuous cell division.

2. If a plant is unable to transport food from leaves to roots which tissue is malfunctioning?

(i) Xylem
(ii) Phloem
(iii) Epidermis
(iv) Sclerenchyma

Answer

(ii) Phloem

Phloem is the conducting tissue responsible for transporting food prepared in the leaves to all parts of the plant, including the roots. If food transport is affected, the phloem is malfunctioning.

3. Why are the epithelial tissues that line an animal’s internal organs usually only one or a few cells thick?

(i) To store food efficiently.
(ii) To provide maximum strength.
(iii) To allow quick exchange of materials across them.
(iv) To reduce friction.

Answer

(iii) To allow quick exchange of materials across them.

Epithelial tissues are generally thin so that substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes can pass through them easily and rapidly.

4. You can perform these two jumps (Fig. 3.21):

Straight-leg jump — keep knees and ankles stiff.

Normal jump — bend knees and ankles naturally.

How did your ankle, knee and hip positions differ between the two jumps?

Answer

In a straight-leg jump, the knees and ankles remain almost straight and stiff, while the hips show very little bending.

In a normal jump, the knees and ankles bend before the jump and straighten during take-off. The hip joints also bend and straighten, helping the body generate greater force and maintain balance.

Thus, the normal jump involves greater movement and flexibility of the ankle, knee and hip joints than the straight-leg jump.

5. Which type of joint is involved when you bend your knees and ankles?

(i) Ball and socket
(ii) Hinge
(iii) Pivot

Answer

(ii) Hinge

The knee and ankle joints mainly function as hinge joints. They allow movement in one plane, mainly bending and straightening, similar to the movement of a door hinge.

6. In each of the following cases (A, B, C and D), choose the correct option as given below:

(i) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(ii) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(iii) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(iv) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

A. Assertion: Epithelium is well-suited for gas exchange in the lungs.

Reason: It consists of multiple layers of tall cells that slow down diffusion.

Answer

(iii) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

The alveoli of lungs are lined by simple squamous epithelium, which is only one cell thick and allows rapid diffusion of gases. Multiple layers of tall cells would slow down diffusion.

B. Assertion: Cardiac muscle can contract continuously without fatigue.

Reason: Cardiac muscle cells have a high number of mitochondria and an abundant blood supply.

Answer

(i) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Cardiac muscles contain numerous mitochondria and receive a rich blood supply, ensuring a continuous supply of oxygen and energy. Therefore, they can work continuously without fatigue.

C. Assertion: Tendons connect bone to bone and allow joint movement.

Reason: Tendons are made of tough connective tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone.

Answer

(iv) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Tendons connect muscles to bones, not bone to bone. Ligaments connect bone to bone. The reason statement is correct because tendons transmit the force generated by muscles to bones.

D. Assertion: In a hinge joint, movement occurs primarily in one plane.

Reason: The bone ends are shaped to allow sliding in all directions.

Answer

(iii) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Hinge joints allow movement mainly in one plane, such as bending and straightening. Sliding in different directions is a characteristic of gliding joints, not hinge joints.

7. Plot a graph between the age of a tree (in years) on the x-axis and the diameter of the tree (in cm) along with the number of annual rings formed over time on the y-axis, using the data given in Table 3.7.

(i) Analyse the graph in terms of the diameter of the stem over time and share the interpretation.

(ii) What is the relation between the diameter of the teak tree to the annual rings formed?

(iii) Which specialised tissue is responsible for the girth of the stem and where is it located?

Answer

(i) The diameter of the teak tree increases with age. As the tree grows older, secondary growth causes the stem to become thicker. The graph shows a steady increase in stem diameter over time, indicating continuous growth of the tree.

(ii) As the number of annual rings increases, the diameter of the tree also increases. Each annual ring represents one year of growth. Therefore, older trees with more annual rings generally have a larger stem diameter.

(iii) The specialised tissue responsible for the increase in girth of the stem is lateral meristem (cambium).

It is located along the sides of stems and roots, between the xylem and phloem tissues. The cambium continuously divides and produces new cells, causing secondary growth and an increase in stem thickness.

8. In a forest, it was observed that one of the trees was severely debarked by an elephant to meet its food requirements, as the bark is a rich source of nutrients (Fig. 3.22). Based on your learning, answer the following:

(i) Which function(s) of the tree is/are hampered by debarking?

(ii) Which plant tissue would be affected by further damage to the tree trunk even after debarking?

(iii) Which function of the tree would be hampered if the tissues beneath the bark were severely damaged?

(iv) What assumptions are you making to answer the questions above? How would the answer change if your assumptions are also changed?

Answer

(i) Debarking removes the protective outer covering of the tree. As a result:

The protection of inner tissues from mechanical injury, pathogens and water loss is affected.
The transport of food through the bark region may be disturbed.
The overall growth and survival of the tree may be adversely affected.

Therefore, protection and food transport are the main functions hampered by debarking.

(ii) Further damage to the trunk may affect the vascular tissues (phloem and xylem) and the cambium present beneath the bark.

Among these, phloem is most likely to be affected first because it lies just below the bark.

(iii) If the tissues beneath the bark, especially the phloem and cambium, are severely damaged:

Transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant will be disrupted.
Secondary growth and increase in girth may stop due to damage to the cambium.
The roots may not receive food and can eventually die.

Thus, food conduction and growth of the tree would be severely hampered.

(iv) The answers above are based on the following assumptions:

The bark has been removed from a large portion of the trunk.
The phloem and cambium beneath the bark are damaged.
The xylem remains largely intact initially.

If these assumptions change, the answers may also change.

If only the outer bark is removed and the inner tissues remain unharmed, the effect on food transport may be minimal.
If the damage extends deeper and reaches the xylem, water and mineral transport will also be affected.
If only a small area is debarked, the tree may recover with little long-term damage.
If the entire circumference of the trunk is debarked (girdling), food transport to the roots may stop completely, eventually causing the death of the tree.

Therefore, the severity of the effects depends on the extent and depth of damage to the tissues beneath the bark.

9. Aamrapali observed that a young mango sapling’s stem bends flexibly during monsoon winds and does not break. Which tissue is responsible for this flexibility? Predict and provide your explanation of the impact if the existing tissue was replaced by sclerenchyma.

Answer

The tissue responsible for the flexibility of a young mango sapling's stem is collenchyma.

Collenchyma cells provide mechanical support along with flexibility because their cell walls are unevenly thickened. This allows the stem to bend during strong winds without breaking.

If the collenchyma tissue were replaced by sclerenchyma, the stem would become hard, rigid and less flexible because sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and are dead at maturity.

As a result, the sapling would lose its ability to bend easily and might break under strong monsoon winds.

10. Sohan designed an experiment for the regeneration of sugarcane, where he used cuttings to grow sugarcane. He used two types of cuttings, type ‘A’ and type ‘B’ (Fig. 3.23). After a few weeks, type ‘B’ cuttings sprouted and developed into sugarcane plants, whereas the type ‘A’ cuttings did not sprout.

(i) Why were the type ‘B’ cuttings able to grow as sugarcane but type ‘A’ could not?

(ii) What difference was present in type ‘B’ compared to type ‘A’?

(iii) What observation or measurement was made to determine whether this change had an effect?

(iv) What parameters should be kept the same for both types of cuttings to ensure a fair comparison?

Answer

(i) Type ‘B’ cuttings contained at least one node with a bud (meristematic tissue). The bud divided continuously and produced new shoots and roots, allowing the cutting to grow into a new sugarcane plant.

Type ‘A’ cuttings lacked a viable bud or growing point and therefore could not produce a new plant.

(ii) Type ‘B’ contained a node with an active intercalary meristem, whereas type ‘A’ did not contain a node or sufficient meristematic tissue required for regeneration.

(iii) The appearance of new shoots, leaves and roots was observed. The growth and development of the cuttings into healthy sugarcane plants indicated that regeneration had occurred successfully.

(iv) The following conditions should be kept the same:

Length and age of the cuttings
Type of soil
Amount of water supplied
Sunlight exposure
Temperature and environmental conditions
Time of observation

This ensures that the only difference is the presence or absence of the node.

11. During the discussion in class, Rohan gives a statement that “A tissue is a group of similar cells performing similar functions”. But Rajiv counter argues that “this is true in case of simple tissues but little different in case of complex tissues”. Provide your explanation in view of the discussion in class.

Answer

Rohan's statement is correct for simple tissues because they consist of only one type of similar cells performing similar functions. Examples include parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

Rajiv is also correct because complex tissues are made up of different types of cells that work together to perform a common function. For example, xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma, while phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.

Therefore, the definition of tissue as a group of similar cells applies mainly to simple tissues, whereas complex tissues contain different kinds of cells working together.

12. Coconut husk fibres are used for mats which are tough and fibrous. Which tissue has structural features suitable for providing this strength? Explain why living parenchyma couldn’t serve the same purpose.

Answer

Sclerenchyma tissue provides the strength and toughness found in coconut husk fibres. Its cells have thick, lignified walls that make them hard, strong and resistant to wear and tear.

Living parenchyma cells have thin cell walls and large intercellular spaces. They are mainly involved in storage and photosynthesis and do not possess the mechanical strength required for making strong and durable mats. Therefore, parenchyma cannot perform the same function as sclerenchyma.

13. Vibha claims to her friend Neha that, “Meristematic cells are located only at the root and shoot apices”. What do you think about this statement? What question can Neha ask Vibha to help her understand further if the statement is incorrect?

Answer

The statement is incorrect. Meristematic tissues are not found only at the root and shoot apices. Besides apical meristems, plants also possess lateral meristems in the stem for increase in girth and intercalary meristems at the nodes and base of internodes for regeneration and growth.

Neha may ask:

“If meristematic tissues are present only at root and shoot tips, then how do stems increase in thickness and how does grass regrow after being cut?”

14. A plant cell and an animal cell are of the same size.

(i) Which cell will have a larger vacuole? Give reasons.

Answer

The plant cell will have a larger vacuole. Plant cells usually contain a large central vacuole that stores water, cell sap and other substances. It also helps maintain turgidity and provides support to the plant.

Animal cells generally have small and temporary vacuoles or may even lack them.

(ii) What assumptions are you making to answer the question above?

Answer

The answer assumes that both cells are mature, healthy and performing their normal functions. It is also assumed that the plant cell is not meristematic and the animal cell is a typical body cell.

15. A textbook states, “Each plant tissue performs only one specific function”. What questions would you ask to critically examine the correctness of this statement? What examples of tissues would you take to find out the answers to these questions?

Answer

To examine the correctness of the statement, the following questions may be asked:

Does a tissue perform only one function or multiple functions?
Can the same tissue provide support as well as storage?
Can a conducting tissue also provide strength?
Do protective tissues have functions other than protection?

Examples that can be studied:

Parenchyma – storage, photosynthesis and buoyancy in aquatic plants.
Epidermis – protection, gaseous exchange and transpiration through stomata.
Xylem – transport of water and minerals as well as mechanical support.
Phloem – transport and storage of food materials.

These examples show that many plant tissues perform more than one function. Therefore, the statement is not completely correct.

Chapter 2 Cell: The Building Block of Life NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

2026-06-22T16:06:52.869+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 Cell: The Building Block of Life Class 9 Science

NCERT Solutions for Cell: The Building Block of Life Class 9 Science is prepared by expert faculty. This is the second chapter of Class 9 Science NCERT Textbook named Exploration.

Chapter Name: Cell: The Building Block of Life
Textbook Name: Class 9 Science

Chapter 2 Cell: The Building Block of Life NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science

Page No. 9

Think it Over

1. Where does a cell come from?

Answer

A new cell comes from a pre-existing cell through the process of cell division.

2. How have technological interventions facilitated the creation of new knowledge in understanding the world beyond the naked eye?

Answer

Technological inventions such as microscopes have enabled scientists to observe tiny structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye. The invention of light microscopes and electron microscopes helped scientists discover cells, cell organelles, microorganisms, chromosomes, and various cellular processes. These technologies have greatly improved our understanding of life at the microscopic level.

3. How is the cell the structural and functional unit of life?

Answer

The cell is called the structural unit of life because all living organisms are made up of cells. It is called the functional unit of life because all important life processes such as nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, and reproduction take place inside cells.

4. How does a cell multiply?

Answer

A cell multiplies through cell division. In unicellular organisms, cell division produces new individuals. In multicellular organisms, cell division helps in growth, repair of damaged tissues, and replacement of worn-out cells.

Page No. 12

WHAT IF...

Mung bean seeds are kept in a concentrated salt solution after soaking in water for 12 hours. What will happen to them?

Answer

The concentrated salt solution is hypertonic compared to the seed cells. Water will move out of the seed cells through osmosis. As a result, the seeds will shrink, lose their swollen appearance, and germination may stop or become slow.

Page No. 14

Pause and Ponder

1. What argument would you give for the necessity of a cell wall in plants usually fixed in one place versus in animals usually moving from one place to the other?

Answer

Plants remain fixed at one place and face environmental conditions such as wind, rain, and gravity. Therefore, they need a rigid cell wall that provides support, protection, and shape. Animals move from place to place and require flexibility. Hence, animal cells do not have a rigid cell wall.

2. What consequences would you predict for a plant cell if its cell wall were to become as flexible as a cell membrane?

Answer

If the cell wall became flexible, plant cells would lose their shape and strength. Excess water entering the cell could cause the cells to burst. Plants would become weak, unable to remain upright, and lose structural support.

3. Why is it important to cut the two potato pieces in roughly equal size and measure their initial weight before placing them in different liquids?

Answer

Equal-sized potato pieces ensure a fair comparison. Measuring the initial weight helps determine the exact change in weight after the experiment. This makes the results accurate and reliable.

Page No. 19

Pause and Ponder

4. Do white flowers contain any pigment? Give reasons.

Answer

Yes, white flowers may contain pigments, but these pigments are either colourless or present in very small amounts. In some flowers, air spaces within the petals reflect light, making the flowers appear white.

5. Draw a well-labelled schematic diagram of a plant or an animal cell using these clues-

(i) Nucleus appears as a dark and round body inside the cell.
(ii) ER spreads like a network of extended nuclear envelope.
(iii) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are rod shaped.

Answer

Page No. 22

Pause and Ponder

6. Instead of many small ones, why does a cell not have a single giant mitochondrion? How does this relate to the concept of surface area?

Answer

A cell contains many small mitochondria instead of one giant mitochondrion because many small mitochondria provide a larger total surface area. A larger surface area allows more cellular respiration to occur and enables efficient production of energy (ATP).

Small mitochondria can also be distributed throughout the cell wherever energy is needed. If there were only one giant mitochondrion, its surface area relative to its volume would be smaller, making energy production and distribution less efficient.

Thus, having many small mitochondria increases the surface area available for metabolic reactions and helps the cell meet its energy requirements effectively.

7. If the skin cells start dividing by meiosis instead of mitosis, what do you think will happen to a cut on the skin?

Answer

Normally, skin cells divide by mitosis to produce new cells with the same chromosome number. This helps in growth and repair of damaged tissues.

If skin cells start dividing by meiosis, the daughter cells will contain only half the chromosome number. These cells will not function properly and will not be able to replace the damaged skin cells effectively.

As a result, the cut on the skin will heal very slowly or may not heal properly. Tissue repair and regeneration will be affected because meiosis is meant for the formation of gametes, not for body cell repair.

Page No. 24

Revise, Reflect, Refine

1. Differentiate between the following pairs of terms based on the clues given in parentheses:

(i) Cell membrane and cell wall (permeability)
(ii) RER and SER (structure)
(iii) Chloroplasts and chromoplasts (pigments)

Answer

(i) Cell membrane and cell wall (permeability)

Cell Membrane	Cell Wall
It is selectively permeable.	It is freely permeable.
It allows only selected substances to pass through it.	It allows most substances to pass through it.
It regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.	It mainly provides support and protection to the cell.

(ii) RER and SER (structure)

RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)	SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Ribosomes are present on its surface.	Ribosomes are absent on its surface.
It appears rough under a microscope.	It appears smooth under a microscope.
Generally consists of flattened sacs.	Generally consists of tubular structures.

(iii) Chloroplasts and chromoplasts (pigments)

Chloroplasts	Chromoplasts
Contain chlorophyll pigment.	Contain yellow, orange or red pigments.
Green in colour.	Non-green coloured plastids.
Help in photosynthesis.	Provide colour to fruits and flowers.

2. Two similar animal cells are placed in two different solutions:

Cell X is placed in pure water.
Cell Y is placed in a concentrated salt solution.

Cells are observed after some time. Cell X swells, and Cell Y shrinks. Which statement provides the correct explanation for the above observations?

(i) Salt molecules moved into Cell Y, causing it to shrink.
(ii) Water moved into Cell X and more water moved out of Cell Y than the salt solution entered in it.
(iii) Water moved into Cell X and moved out of Cell Y through the cell membrane.
(iv) Solute movement caused osmosis in both cells.

Answer

(iii) Water moved into Cell X and moved out of Cell Y through the cell membrane.

Pure water is a hypotonic solution compared to the cell contents. Therefore, water enters Cell X through osmosis, causing it to swell.

The concentrated salt solution is a hypertonic solution. Therefore, water moves out of Cell Y through osmosis, causing it to shrink.

Thus, the correct explanation is that water moved into Cell X and moved out of Cell Y through the cell membrane.

3. Look at the diagram of a cell in Fig. 2.20. Identify the parts labelled from (a) to (g) and correctly match them with their functions given below:

(i) Controlling all the activities of a cell.
(ii) Site of cellular respiration.
(iii) Storage organelle that also provides rigidity to the cell.
(iv) Separates the cell contents from surroundings.
(v) Provides structural rigidity to the cell.
(vi) Packs and stores materials received from ER.
(vii) Helps in manufacturing food.

Answer

Label	Part Identified	Function
(a)	Mitochondrion	Site of cellular respiration (ii)
(b)	Nucleus	Controlling all the activities of a cell (i)
(c)	Golgi apparatus	Packs and stores materials received from ER (vi)
(d)	Chloroplast	Helps in manufacturing food (vii)
(e)	Cell wall	Provides structural rigidity to the cell (v)
(f)	Cell membrane	Separates the cell contents from surroundings (iv)
(g)	Vacuole	Storage organelle that also provides rigidity to the cell (iii)

4. Which of the following option(s) of the pairs of cell organelles are correctly placed under the given categories?

Answer

Option	Present in the plant cells	Absent in the animal cells	Correct / Incorrect
(i)	Leucoplast	Cell wall	Correct
(ii)	Mitochondria	Ribosome	Incorrect
(iii)	Cell wall	Golgi apparatus	Incorrect
(iv)	Lysosome	Endoplasmic reticulum	Incorrect

Leucoplasts are plastids found in plant cells and are absent in animal cells. Similarly, the cell wall is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells.

Mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum are present in both plant and animal cells. Therefore, options (ii), (iii) and (iv) are incorrect.

5. Two students, Renu and Rohit, were having a discussion on the plastids. Renu emphasised that all parts of the plants, even roots, contain plastids. However, Rohit did not agree with the statement and told her that plastids are absent in plant roots since the roots are underground and do not need to perform photosynthesis. Who is correct? Justify your answer.

Answer

Renu is correct.

Plastids are present in all parts of plants, including roots. However, different types of plastids are found in different plant parts depending on their functions.

Roots generally contain leucoplasts, which are colourless plastids that store food materials such as starch, oils, and proteins. Since roots are underground and do not receive sunlight, they usually do not contain chloroplasts and therefore do not perform photosynthesis.

Thus, plastids are present in roots, but they are mainly in the form of leucoplasts rather than chloroplasts.

6. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two important organelles in a plant cell. Discuss how these two organelles are structurally and functionally similar to each other, and different from each other.

Similarities

Similarity	Explanation
Double membrane-bound	Both organelles are surrounded by two membranes.
Contain DNA	Both possess their own genetic material.
Contain ribosomes	Both can synthesise some of their own proteins.
Self-replicating	Both can divide independently within the cell.
Energy conversion	Both are involved in energy transformation processes.

Differences

Mitochondria	Chloroplasts
Present in both plant and animal cells.	Present only in plant cells and algae.
Site of cellular respiration.	Site of photosynthesis.
Breaks down food to release energy.	Uses sunlight to prepare food.
Known as the powerhouse of the cell.	Known as the kitchen of the cell.
Contains cristae.	Contains grana and thylakoids.

7. Which of the following pairs of cell organelles contains DNA?

(i) Chloroplasts, Ribosomes

(ii) Mitochondria, Nucleus

(iii) Golgi bodies, Ribosomes

(iv) Nucleus, Lysosomes

Answer

(ii) Mitochondria, Nucleus

The nucleus contains the main genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA. Mitochondria also contain their own DNA, which allows them to replicate independently.

Ribosomes, Golgi bodies, and lysosomes do not contain DNA.

8. A researcher carried out an experiment in which she took two carrots of similar size. She placed one carrot in plain water and the other carrot in concentrated salt solution (Fig. 2.21). After 24 hours she recorded her observations.

(i) What hypothesis does she want to test through this experiment?

(ii) What would you suggest for the improvement of this experiment?

(iii) Why does the carrot in plain water stay stiff and crunchy, but the carrot in concentrated salt solution become rubbery and limp?

Answer

(i) The researcher wants to test the hypothesis that water moves across a selectively permeable membrane by osmosis. Cells gain water when placed in a dilute solution and lose water when placed in a concentrated solution.

(ii) Suggestion for the improvement of this experiment:

Use several carrots instead of only one carrot in each setup.
Measure and record the initial and final mass of the carrots.
Use carrots of exactly the same size and weight.
Keep all other conditions such as temperature and duration constant.
Repeat the experiment several times to obtain more reliable results.

(iii) In plain water, water enters the carrot cells through osmosis. The cells become turgid and firm, making the carrot stiff and crunchy.

In concentrated salt solution, water moves out of the carrot cells through osmosis. The cells lose water and become flaccid. As a result, the carrot becomes rubbery and limp.

9. Indicate the presence or absence of the following structures in bacterial and animal cells:

Answer

Structures in a cell	Bacterial cell	Animal cell
Chromosome	Present	Present
Nucleus	Absent	Present
Mitochondria	Absent	Present
Golgi complex	Absent	Present
Chromoplasts	Absent	Absent

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells. They do not possess a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi complex. However, they do contain chromosomes.

Animal cells are eukaryotic cells and possess a nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi complex, and chromosomes.

Chromoplasts are plastids found only in plant cells; therefore, they are absent in both bacterial and animal cells.

10. Carry out the following experiment:

Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Place each of the potato cups in a beaker containing water (Fig. 2.22). Now, set up the experiment as follows:

(a) Keep Cup A empty.
(b) Add one teaspoon sugar in Cup B.
(c) Add one teaspoon salt in Cup C.
(d) Add one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato in Cup D.

Observe the four potato cups at least two hours and answer the following questions:

(i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of Cup B and Cup C.

(ii) Why is Cup A necessary for this experiment?

(iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed portions of Cups A and D.

Answer

(i) In Cups B and C, sugar and salt create a concentrated solution inside the hollowed portions. The water outside the potato cups is less concentrated. Due to osmosis, water moves through the living potato cells from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution. Therefore, water collects in the hollowed portions of Cups B and C.

(ii) Cup A acts as a control setup. It helps us compare the results with the other cups. Since Cup A contains neither sugar nor salt, it shows that water collection in Cups B and C occurs due to osmosis caused by the concentration difference.

(iii) In Cup A, there is no concentration difference between the inside and outside of the potato cup. Therefore, osmosis does not occur and water does not collect.

In Cup D, the potato has been boiled. Boiling destroys the selectively permeable cell membranes required for osmosis. As a result, water cannot move through the cells and does not collect in the hollowed portion.

11. Identify the pair that incorrectly matches the cell organelle with its function.

(i) Ribosome — Protein synthesis

(ii) SER — Lipid and cellulose synthesis

(iii) Lysosome — Digestion of foreign agents

Answer

(ii) SER — Lipid and cellulose synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is involved in the synthesis of lipids and certain hormones, but it does not synthesise cellulose. Therefore, option (ii) is incorrectly matched.

Ribosomes perform protein synthesis, and lysosomes help in the digestion of foreign particles and worn-out cell organelles.

12. What outcome do you expect, if all the mitochondria are removed from a eukaryotic cell?

Answer

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP, which provides energy for cellular activities.

If all the mitochondria are removed from a eukaryotic cell:

Cellular respiration will stop.
ATP production will cease or decrease drastically.
The cell will not receive sufficient energy to perform its activities.
Processes such as growth, repair, transport of substances, and metabolism will be affected.
Eventually, the cell will die due to lack of energy.

13. Which phenomenon inhibits the formation of tumors in the human body? Can plants also develop tumors? Explain.

Answer

The phenomenon that inhibits the formation of tumors in the human body is contact inhibition.

In normal cells, cell division stops when cells come into contact with neighbouring cells. This prevents uncontrolled cell division and helps maintain the normal structure of tissues.

Yes, plants can also develop tumors. Plant tumors are usually caused by infections such as crown gall disease caused by bacteria. However, unlike many animal tumors, plant tumors generally remain localized and do not spread from one part of the plant to another.

14. The cell membrane of a cell is made up of proteins and lipids. Which cell organelles help in the synthesis of cell membrane? Write the path of these compounds from their site of synthesis to the cell membrane and show this through a labelled diagram.

Answer

Cell organelles involved in the synthesis of the cell membrane:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) – synthesises proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) – synthesises lipids.
Golgi apparatus – modifies, packages and transports proteins and lipids.

Path of proteins:

Ribosomes → Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum → Transport Vesicles → Golgi Apparatus → Secretory Vesicles → Cell Membrane

Path of lipids:

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum → Transport Vesicles → Golgi Apparatus → Secretory Vesicles → Cell Membrane

Labelled Diagram:

15. What would happen if gametes are formed by mitotic divisions?

Gametes are normally formed by meiosis and contain half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

If gametes are formed by mitotic divisions:

The gametes will contain the full chromosome number.
After fertilisation, the zygote will have double the normal chromosome number.
The chromosome number will continue to increase in every generation.
The genetic stability of the species will be disturbed.
Normal growth, development and reproduction will be affected.

Therefore, meiosis is necessary to maintain a constant chromosome number in a species.

16. A farmer, Deepa, was very happy with the harvest of amla (Indian Gooseberry) and lemons on her farm. However, she could sell only one-fourth of the produce in the local market. Recognising that a significant amount of produce may be lost post-harvest, she employed a traditional yet scientifically sound method to extend the shelf life of amla and lemons. She turned perishable produce into profitable products, such as pickles and sharbat. She used the excess produce to prepare pickles, murabbas, and sharbat by adding appropriate amounts of salt, sugar, or jaggery to small pieces of fruit and their juices. These were then stored in small glass bottles for sale, helping her prevent the wastage of post-harvest produce. This shift from farming to agro-processing would strengthen food security and boost the local economy, creating a sustainable model that cuts waste while increasing her income. Based on the above passage answer the following questions:

(i) Which scientific concept has the farmer applied in the preservation of the farm produce?

(ii) How does the addition of high concentrations of salt and sugar create an environment that prevents the growth of spoilage-causing bacteria and fungi?

(iii) Suggest a healthy recipe of this kind for food preservation.

(iv) What are the scientific values addressed in this case?

Answer

(i) The farmer has applied the principle of food preservation through osmosis. High concentrations of salt, sugar, or jaggery help preserve food by preventing the growth of microorganisms.

(ii) High concentrations of salt and sugar create a hypertonic environment around microbial cells. Water moves out of the cells through osmosis, causing plasmolysis. As a result, bacteria and fungi are unable to grow and reproduce, thereby preventing food spoilage.

(iii) Healthy recipe:

Amla Murabba

Wash fresh amla thoroughly.
Boil the amla until soft.
Prepare a concentrated sugar syrup.
Add the boiled amla to the syrup.
Store it in clean, airtight glass jars.
The high sugar concentration helps preserve the fruit for a long period.

(iv) Scientific values addressed in this case:

Scientific Value	How it is Addressed
Scientific Temper	Use of scientific methods for food preservation.
Resource Management	Reduction of post-harvest wastage.
Sustainability	Efficient use of available agricultural resources.
Innovation	Conversion of raw produce into value-added products.
Food Security	Increasing the shelf life and availability of food.
Economic Awareness	Generating additional income through agro-processing.

I Cannot Remember My Mother NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-10T03:10:41.374+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for I Cannot Remember My Mother (Poem) Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for I Cannot Remember My Mother Poem Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the fourth poem of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: I Cannot Remember My Mother
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

I Cannot Remember My Mother (Poem) NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 127

Reflect and Respond

I. Work in pairs. Discuss the memories from your childhood that you remember. List them and share with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

Some of the memories from my childhood that I remember are:

Playing outdoor games with my friends in the evening.
Listening to bedtime stories told by my grandmother.
Celebrating festivals with my family and relatives.
Going on school picnics and enjoying with classmates.
Learning to ride a bicycle with the help of my father.
Watching cartoons and playing with toys during holidays.
Helping my mother in simple household activities.
Enjoying summer vacations at my grandparents’ house.
Participating in school functions and competitions.
Eating homemade sweets prepared during festivals.

These memories are very special to me because they remind me of the happiness, love, and care I received during my childhood.

II. Discuss how children’s relationship with their mother can influence their emotions and memories.

Answer

A child’s relationship with the mother greatly influences emotions and memories. A mother’s love, care, and affection make children feel safe, happy, and confident. Childhood memories such as lullabies, stories, and special moments with the mother remain unforgettable throughout life.

III. Match the words given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2.

Answer

Column 1	Column 2
1. hover	(v) linger or remain near a place
2. hum	(i) sing a tune with your lips closed
3. cradle	(vi) a small bed for a baby
4. shiuli	(ii) a type of flower (coral jasmine)
5. morning service	(iv) rituals conducted in a temple
6. gaze	(iii) look steadily for a long time

Page No. 127

Check Your Understanding

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

Stanza 1

1. The poet remembers his mother while he _________.

2. The poet remembers the ________ but not the _________.

Setting: ____________ (outdoor/indoor)

Answer

1. The poet remembers his mother while he plays.

2. The poet remembers the tune of the song but not the mother herself.

Setting: Indoor

Stanza 2

1. The poet remembers his mother in the ________ season.

2. The poet remembers his mother by the smell of ________.

Setting: ________ (outdoor/indoor)

Answer

1. The poet remembers his mother in the early autumn season.

2. The poet remembers his mother by the smell of shiuli flowers.

Setting: Outdoor

Stanza 3

1. The poet feels that his mother _________ at him from the _________.

Setting: _______ (outdoor/indoor)

Answer

1. The poet feels that his mother gazes at him from the sky.

Setting: Outdoor

II. The senses of olfactory (smell), auditory (hearing), and visual (sight), are three of the five basic senses in humans. Give examples of references to senses from the poem. Complete the table given below.

Answer

Stanza	Lines from the Poem	Senses
1.	“I feel that the stillness of my mother’s gaze on my face has spread all over the sky.”	Visual
3.	“...the tune of some song that she used to hum while rocking my cradle”	Auditory
2.	“the smell of the shiuli flowers floats in the air”	Olfactory

III. Read the poem silently once again and complete the following.

1. Two examples of alliteration from the poem are (i) _______ and (ii) _______.

2. An example of onomatopoeia is __________.

3. The poem uses imagery extensively. Explain.

4. Although the poem does not have a rhyme scheme, it is enjoyable because ________.

5. What is the tone of the poet? Why do you say so?

6. What impact does the title of the poem have on the overall mood of the poem?

7. The poet uses ‘I cannot remember my mother’ as a refrain because _________.

8. The poet uses symbolism to indicate the memory of his mother’s presence. Identify the symbols used in the poem.

Answer

1. (i) “midst of my play”

(ii) “stillness of my mother’s gaze”

2. “hum”

3. The poem uses imagery extensively through descriptions related to sound, smell, and sight. The humming tune, the fragrance of shiuli flowers, and the blue sky create vivid sensory images. These images help the reader feel the poet’s emotions and understand how memories of his mother return through nature and surroundings.

4. Although the poem does not have a rhyme scheme, it is enjoyable because of its emotional depth, smooth flow, and beautiful imagery.

5. The tone of the poet is nostalgic and emotional. The poet remembers his mother with love and longing through sounds, smells, and sights connected to his childhood memories.

6. The title creates a sad and emotional mood. It immediately tells the reader that the poet cannot clearly remember his mother, which fills the poem with feelings of loss, longing, and remembrance.

7. The poet uses ‘I cannot remember my mother’ as a refrain because it emphasises his deep sense of loss and his emotional attachment to his mother.

8. The symbols used in the poem are:

The humming tune — symbol of the mother’s love and affection.
Shiuli flowers — symbol of purity and memories.
The blue sky — symbol of the mother’s calm and everlasting presence.

Page No. 129

Critical Reflection

I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. “I cannot remember my mother
only sometimes in the midst of my play
a tune seems to hover over my playthings,”

(i) Complete the following sentence appropriately.

The poet is reminded of his mother during his _________.

Answer

The poet is reminded of his mother during his playtime.

(ii) What is the primary emotion conveyed by the line ‘a tune seems to hover over my playthings’?

A. It enhances the joy of play.
B. It disrupts the playtime atmosphere.
C. It activates memories of the mother.
D. It symbolises the carefree nature of childhood.

Answer

C. It activates memories of the mother.

(iii) In the context of the poem, what role does the hovering tune play during the speaker’s playtime?

Answer

The hovering tune reminds the speaker of his mother’s love and care. It brings back childhood memories and creates an emotional connection with his mother.

(iv) State whether the following sentence is true or false.

The poet experiences the tune lingering over playthings only occasionally during playtime.

Answer

True.

(v) How could the poet feel his mother’s presence, even though she isn’t there?

Answer

The poet could feel his mother’s presence through memories connected with sounds, smells, and sights from nature and childhood experiences.

2. “I feel that the stillness of
my mother’s gaze on my face
has spread all over the sky.”

(i) What does the poet suggest about the stillness of his mother's gaze spreading over the sky?

A. The mother’s gaze is physically present in the sky.
B. The sky is a symbolic extension of the mother’s presence.
C. The sky mirrors the mother’s emotions.
D. The stillness is fleeting and unrelated to the mother.

Answer

B. The sky is a symbolic extension of the mother’s presence.

(ii) What emotion does the poet associate with the ‘stillness’ of his mother’s gaze?

A. a sense of grief
B. a sense of anticipation
C. a sense of nostalgia
D. a sense of serenity

Answer

D. a sense of serenity

(iii) State whether the following sentence is true or false.

The poet suggests that the mother’s gaze has a tangible and visual effect on the sky.

Answer

False.

(iv) What is the purpose of likening the mother’s gaze to the sky?

Answer

The poet likens the mother’s gaze to the sky to show that her love and care are vast, peaceful, protective, and everlasting.

(v) Complete the sentence appropriately.

The tone of the poet in the given extract is _______ because _______.

Answer

The tone of the poet in the given extract is peaceful and nostalgic because he lovingly remembers his mother through the calmness of the sky.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the emotional impact of the refrain, ‘I cannot remember my mother’?

2. Interpret the connection between the poet’s mother and the following:

(i) shiuli flowers
(ii) humming tune

3. What role does nature play in the poet’s description of the memory of his mother?

4. What can be inferred about the poet’s perception of the mother–child relationship?

Answer

1. The refrain creates a strong feeling of sadness and longing. It shows the poet’s pain of not remembering his mother clearly, while also expressing the deep emotional bond he still feels with her.

2. (i) The fragrance of shiuli flowers reminds the poet of his mother’s gentle and loving presence. The flowers symbolise purity, affection, and emotional memories.

2. (ii) The humming tune reminds the poet of his mother singing while rocking his cradle. It symbolises warmth, care, comfort, and maternal love.

3. Nature plays an important role in reviving the poet’s memories of his mother. The fragrance of flowers, the morning atmosphere, and the blue sky all help him feel her presence emotionally.

4. The poet believes that the bond between a mother and child is eternal and deeply emotional. Even after losing clear memories of his mother, her love remains alive in his heart through sensory experiences and emotions.

Page No. 131

Vocabulary in Context

I. Work in pairs to classify the sensory words given in the box below. One example has been done for you.

Answer

Visual	Auditory	Olfactory	Tactile
glowing	hiss	aroma	sticky
gigantic	rustle	scent	rough
minuscule	sizzle	pungent	chilled
vibrant	deafening	stinky	fluffy
crimson	squeaky	fragrant	smooth
gloomy	ear-splitting	stale	slimy
			hairy

II. Fill in the blanks with sensory words in the box for the following passage written by Sarojini Naidu. There are two extra words.

Come and share my exquisite March morning with me: this sumptuous blaze of gold and sapphire sky; these 1. ________ lilies that adorn the sunshine; the voluptuous 2. ________ of neem and champak and serisha that beat upon the languid air with their implacable 3. ________; the thousand little gold and blue and silver breasted birds bursting with the 4. ________ ecstasy of life in nesting time. And, do you know that the scarlet lilies are woven petal by petal from my heart’s blood, these little quivering birds are my soul made incarnate music, these heavy 5. ________ are my emotions dissolved into aerial 6. ________, this 7. _______ blue and gold sky is the ‘very me’…

Answer

Come and share my exquisite March morning with me: this sumptuous blaze of gold and sapphire sky; these 1. flaming lilies that adorn the sunshine; the voluptuous 2. perfumes of neem and champak and serisha that beat upon the languid air with their implacable 3. sweetness; the thousand little gold and blue and silver breasted birds bursting with the 4. shrill ecstasy of life in nesting time. And, do you know that the scarlet lilies are woven petal by petal from my heart’s blood, these little quivering birds are my soul made incarnate music, these heavy 5. scents are my emotions dissolved into aerial 6. essence, this 7. scarlet blue and gold sky is the ‘very me’…

III. Write numbers against each picture with the phrases that describe them with their sensorial associations. One example has been done for you.

1. beats of music echo in air
2. melody of soothing scent, dancing in the air
3. fragrant breeze of blooming buds
4. gentle lullaby, a soft melody
5. colourful sky, painting a lively sight
6. attractive canvas painting the horizon

Answer

Page No. 133

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to four short extracts of people expressing their childhood memories. As you listen, match each statement 1–6 to each speaker (i)–(iv). There are two statements that you do not need. (Transcript for teacher on page 266)

Answer

Statement	Speaker
1. The precious memories by the seaside are not the same anymore.	(iv)
2. My grandfather’s encouragement influences me in moments of difficulty.	(i)
3. The school days are a source of recollection to stay in touch.	Not Needed
4. Childhood days are about freedom and ordinary pleasures in outdoor activities.	(ii)
5. Memories of school days are grandparents and my funny tales.	(iii)
6. Parents urge us to be adventurous and discover nature but with limitations.	Not Needed

Page No. 134

Speaking Activity

I. Work in pairs. Think of an object, song, or a place that is memorable for you. Take turns to speak about it using the prompts given below.

Introduce it briefly
Describe it in detail including sensory details
Narrate the specific memory associated with it
Explain how it has impacted your life
Summarise why this memory is meaningful to you even now

You may use the following phrases.

During my childhood...
Growing up, I fondly remember...
Recalling those early years, I can’t forget...
In my younger days, I used to...
I have a clear memory of...
A routine activity in my childhood involved...
A cherished part of my childhood includes...
As a child, I was fond of...
One of my favourite childhood moments is...
Thinking about my early years, I recall...
A common occurrence during my youth was...

Answer

During my childhood, I fondly remember visiting my grandparents’ village during summer vacations. The place was surrounded by green fields, tall trees, and a small river nearby. The cool breeze, chirping birds, and the smell of fresh soil made the village very peaceful and beautiful.

I have a clear memory of playing with my cousins in the open fields and listening to stories told by my grandmother at night. One of my favourite childhood moments is sitting under the mango tree and eating fresh mangoes with my family.

Page No. 135

Writing Task

I. Imagine you had been on a school trip to a scenic place which appealed to all your senses. Write a diary entry describing the place and why it was a memorable experience.

Contents of the diary entry:
begin with day, date, and time
use only first person (I, my)
capture sensory details
express emotions
focus on significant moments and experiences
conclude with reflection

Answer

Friday, 12 July 2026

8:30 p.m.

Deary Diary,

Today was one of the most memorable days of my life. I went on a school trip to Nainital with my classmates and teachers. The place was full of natural beauty. The cool breeze touched my face gently, and the fresh smell of pine trees filled the air. I could hear birds chirping sweetly and the soft sound of water flowing in the lake.

I enjoyed boating in the beautiful lake surrounded by green hills. The colourful flowers, bright blue sky, and peaceful environment made me feel very happy and relaxed. I also tasted hot snacks from a small shop near the lake, which made the experience even more enjoyable.

The most special moment for me was watching the sunset over the hills. The golden rays spreading across the water looked magical. I clicked many photographs with my friends and shared lots of laughter.

This trip taught me to appreciate the beauty of nature and the importance of spending joyful moments with friends. I will always remember this wonderful experience.

Chapter 4 Vitamin-M NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-09T19:15:00.814+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Vitamin-M Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for Vitamin-M Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the fourth story of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: Vitamin-M
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Chapter 4 Vitamin-M NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 97

Reflect and Respond

I. From your experience with an elderly person at home or in your neighbourhood, complete the following graphic organiser.

Now, discuss the points written in the organiser with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

II. Fill in the table given below. You may check your answers with the help of a dictionary.

Answer

Word	I know this word. It has something to do with…	Write the meaning of this word
1. frail	weakness or old age	weak and delicate
2. shuddered	fear or shock	trembled because of fear or disgust
3. poky	small space	small, cramped, and uncomfortable
4. forbid	stopping someone	to not allow someone to do something
5. pottering	doing small activities	doing small tasks in a relaxed way
6. winced	pain or embarrassment	showed discomfort or embarrassment on the face

III. Think of a tradition, story, or recipe passed down by grandparents or an elderly relative in your family. What does it mean to you? How does it connect you to your growing-up years? Share with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

One special tradition passed down by my grandmother is making homemade pickles during the summer season. Every year, she carefully prepared mango pickles using traditional spices and methods. As a child, I loved helping her dry the mango pieces in the sunlight and mix the spices together.

This tradition means a lot to me because it reminds me of the happy moments I spent with my grandmother. It connects me to my childhood memories, family values, and our cultural traditions. While working with her, I learned patience, teamwork, and the importance of preserving family customs.

Even today, whenever I taste homemade pickle, I remember those joyful days spent with my grandmother. It makes me feel close to her and keeps our family tradition alive.

Page No. 102

Check Your Understanding

I. Why did Grandpa dislike living in the city with his daughter?

II. Why did Vidya not want her father to go out alone?

III. Was Ravi in favour of his mother treating Grandpa like a child? How can you say so?

IV. Would Ravi be able to keep up his promise to his mother?

Answer

I. Grandpa disliked living in the city because he hated the noise, crowd, and busy lifestyle of the city. He missed his peaceful brick house in the town where there was a big mango tree and complete silence in the evenings.

II. Vidya did not want her father to go out alone because he had become forgetful and weak due to old age. Earlier, he had accidentally taken a double dose of medicines and had once lost his way while returning from a walk. She feared for his safety.

III. No, Ravi was not in favour of his mother treating Grandpa like a child. Ravi felt uncomfortable when his mother spoke loudly to Grandpa as if he could not understand properly. He respected his grandfather and believed that he should be treated with dignity.

IV. Ravi tried his best to keep his promise to his mother. Although he allowed Grandpa to go out alone, he secretly followed him throughout the day to ensure that he remained safe and did not face any danger.

Page No. 106

Check Your Understanding

5. Complete the flow chart by describing Grandpa’s day out.

Answer

1. children’s park

2. peanuts; children play

3. tea stall

4. the child’s mother and vendors

5. tea; bananas and ice cream

6. barber shop

7. bus stop; boards a bus

II. Was Grandpa lost as feared by Ravi’s mother?

Answer

No, Grandpa was not lost. In fact, he was clever and fully aware of his surroundings. He successfully returned home before Ravi and even managed to trick Ravi during the outing.

III. How would Ravi feel after seeing Grandpa?

Answer

Ravi felt extremely relieved, happy, and emotional after seeing Grandpa safely at home. He realized how much he loved and cared for his grandfather. He hugged him affectionately and understood that Grandpa was wiser and smarter than everyone thought.

IV. Do you think Ravi’s mother will get to know about what had happened?

Answer

It is possible that Ravi’s mother may not fully learn about the entire incident because neither Ravi nor Grandpa openly revealed the truth. However, Grandpa’s comments and gift hinted that he knew Ravi had followed him throughout the day.

Page No. 109

Check Your Understanding

I. Describe how Ravi’s emotional reaction upon finding Grandpa safe at home reveals his feelings towards his grandfather.

Answer

When Ravi found Grandpa safe at home, he felt deeply relieved and emotional. He hugged Grandpa lovingly and noticed every little detail about him. This reaction showed Ravi’s deep affection, concern, and respect for his grandfather. It also showed that Ravi genuinely cared about Grandpa’s safety and wellbeing.

II. What might be the significance of Grandpa’s habit of giving gifts to everyone on his birthday rather than receiving them?

Answer

Grandpa’s habit of giving gifts on his birthday shows his loving, generous, and caring nature. Instead of expecting gifts from others, he preferred making his family happy. This also highlights his emotional maturity and selflessness.

III. Why do you think Grandpa gave Ravi a detective story book as a gift? What might this suggest about Grandpa’s awareness of Ravi’s actions earlier in the day?

Answer

Grandpa gave Ravi a detective story book because he knew Ravi had secretly followed him like a detective throughout the day. Through the gift, Grandpa playfully hinted that he was aware of Ravi’s actions. It also showed Grandpa’s sense of humour and intelligence.

This suggests that Grandpa was fully aware that Ravi had been secretly following him throughout the day. By gifting Ravi a detective story book and mentioning how to avoid getting fooled while trailing a suspect, Grandpa playfully hinted that he had understood Ravi’s actions all along.

Page No. 109

Critical Reflection

I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. Grandpa hated the noise and bustle of city life and when they were on their own, he often spoke longingly of his small brick house in town. “Such a wonderful place…! With that big mango tree in the garden! It is so quiet that at dusk you can even hear a leaf fall!” But then Grandpa had slipped and fallen in the garden late one evening while he was pottering around and lain outside all night because there was no one at home to help him up.

(i) Choose the emotion displayed by the Grandfather.

A. regretful
B. apologetic
C. nostalgic
D. wistful

Answer

C. nostalgic

(ii) Complete the following sentence with a reason.

Grandpa hated the busy and noisy city life because _________.

Answer

Grandpa hated the busy and noisy city life because he loved the peace and quietness of his small town house.

(iii) Why did Grandpa come to the city despite his dislike for city life?

Answer

Grandpa came to the city because he had slipped and fallen in his garden one night and there was nobody to help him. His daughter became worried and brought him to live with her family for safety.

(iv) Choose an expression similar in meaning to ‘you can even hear a leaf fall’.

A. end of one’s life
B. arrival of autumn
C. sign of good luck
D. pin drop silence

Answer

D. pin drop silence

26. State one advantage and one disadvantage of the Grandfather living in the house in town.

Answer

Advantage: The house was peaceful and comfortable.

Disadvantage: There was nobody to help Grandpa during emergencies.

2. “I had a quiet morning, but I don’t know about Ravi. He just disappeared instead of staying at home to look after me like you told him to,” answered Grandpa coolly, while Ravi just looked confused and embarrassed.

Grandpa had another surprise for Ravi. A gift-wrapped parcel!

“But, Papa, Ravi’s birthday was three months ago. Have you forgotten?” exclaimed Ravi’s mother, impatiently.

(i) Choose the option that displays the tone of the Grandfather’s response.

A. apologetic
B. hurtful
C. calm
D. puzzled

Answer

C. calm

(ii) Why was Ravi confused and embarrassed?

Answer

Ravi was confused and embarrassed because Grandpa cleverly hinted that he knew Ravi had secretly followed him during the day.

(iii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason.

Ravi’s mother was impatient because __________.

Answer

Ravi’s mother was impatient because she thought Grandpa had forgotten Ravi’s birthday.

(iv) State whether the following sentence is true or false.

Grandfather forgot that Ravi’s birthday was three months ago.

Answer

False

(v) Why did Grandpa say he didn’t know what kind of morning Ravi might have had?

Answer

Grandpa said this jokingly because Ravi had disappeared while secretly following him around the city.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. Grandpa is portrayed as a person with failing memory in the beginning of the story. Give two evidences to disprove the statement.

Answer

Two evidences that disprove the statement are:

Grandpa remembered famous chess games and strategies in great detail.
He remembered his birthday and his tradition of giving gifts to every family member.

2. Give two characteristic traits of each of the following characters.

(i) Grandfather

(ii) Ravi

(iii) Ravi’s mother

Answer

(i) Intelligent: Grandpa cleverly fooled Ravi during the bus incident and knew Ravi was following him.

Generous: He gave away his cap to a stranger and gifted presents to his family members on his birthday.

(ii) Caring: Ravi secretly followed Grandpa to ensure his safety.

Respectful: He respected Grandpa and disliked the way his mother treated him like a child.

(iii) Concerned: She constantly worried about Grandpa’s health and safety.

Protective: She did not allow Grandpa to go out alone because she feared he might get hurt or lost.

3. Why was Ravi worried about what Grandfather had at the tea stall?

Answer

Ravi was worried because Grandpa drank sugary tea and ate bananas and ice cream, which were restricted food items at home due to his health condition. Ravi feared these foods might affect Grandpa’s health.

4. Do you think it was easy for Ravi to follow his Grandfather? If yes, why? If no, why not?

Answer

No, it was not easy for Ravi to follow his grandfather. He faced many embarrassing and difficult situations while hiding behind bushes, trees, and vehicles. He was questioned and scolded by strangers and had to constantly run around to keep track of Grandpa.

5. ‘Ravi is a good detective’. Give one argument in favour of and against the given statement.

Answer

In favour: Ravi carefully followed Grandpa throughout the day to make sure he remained safe.

Against: Grandpa successfully fooled Ravi by giving his cap to another man, proving Ravi still lacked proper detective skills.

6. Was Grandfather aware that Ravi was following him? How do you know?

Answer

Yes, Grandfather was aware that Ravi was following him. This is clear from the detective story book he gifted Ravi and his humorous comment about learning how not to get fooled while trailing a suspect.

7. In your opinion, who needs Vitamin-M? And why?

Answer

In my opinion, Ravi’s mother needs Vitamin-M because she wrongly assumed that Grandpa had become forgetful and helpless. She forgot his intelligence, independence, and sharp memory. Grandpa proved that he was still clever and capable.

8. Some people believe society shows bias based on age (being young or old). Give an example where you might have experienced or observed such discrimination, when opinions were disregarded because of age.

Answer

I have seen elderly people being ignored during family discussions because others think they are too old to understand modern ideas. Similarly, children are sometimes not allowed to express opinions because adults think they are too young. Such behaviour shows age-based discrimination.

Page No. 111

Vocabulary and Structures in Context

I. Classify the words given in the box on the next page into movement words in Column 1 and sound words in Column 2. One example has been done for you.

Answer

Column 1 (Movement Words)	Column 2 (Sound Words)
pottering	boomed
twirling	thudded
crouch	whirr
bustle	grunted
crawl	shrieks
creeping	snoring
ducked
zigzagging
evicted
briskly
jumping
darted
trailing
sprinting

Now, Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from Column 1 or Column 2.

Detective Shankar, 1. _________ the mysterious suspect through the dimly lit side lanes, away from the 2. _________ of the city, quickened his pace 3. _________. The suspect’s heavy footsteps 4. __________ across the street, unaware of the pursuit. Shankar 5. _________ his magnifying glass had to 6. _________ behind the market stalls, 7. _________ through the lanes to avoid being seen. Shankar 8. _________ when he hit himself against a pole. This alarmed the suspect and he 9. _________ into the night leaving only the distant 10. _________ of the sleeping city behind.

Answer

Detective Shankar, 1. trailing the mysterious suspect through the dimly lit side lanes, away from the 2. bustle of the city, quickened his pace 3. briskly. The suspect’s heavy footsteps 4. thudded across the street, unaware of the pursuit. Shankar 5. twirling his magnifying glass had to 6. crouch behind the market stalls, 7. creeping through the lanes to avoid being seen. Shankar 8. grunted when he hit himself against a pole. This alarmed the suspect and he went 9. sprinting into the night leaving only the distant 10. whirr of the sleeping city behind.

II. Study the highlighted word in the given sentence from the text and fill in the boxes with synonymous words. You may refer to a dictionary.

Off he went, twirling his walking stick jauntily, leaving Ravi in a dilemma.

Answer

1. QUANDARY

2. PREDICAMENT

III. Fill in the table given below. Check your answers with the help of a dictionary.

Answer

Word	Meaning	Part of Speech	Synonym	Antonym
1. craftily	in a clever and tricky way	Adverb	cunningly	honestly
2. dilemma	a difficult situation or problem	Noun	predicament	solution
3. furious	extremely angry	Adjective	angry	calm
4. boomed	made a loud deep sound	Verb	roared	whispered
5. humiliation	a feeling of shame or embarrassment	Noun	embarrassment	honour
6. attire	clothing or dress	Noun	outfit	undress

IV. Match the emotions/expressions in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. One meaning is extra.

Answer

Column 1 Emotions/Expressions	Column 2 Meanings
1. embarrassed	(v) felt uncomfortable
2. countered	(iv) reply to an argument
3. flushed	(vi) became red in the face
4. stricken	(i) affected severely by an unpleasant feeling
5. gleam	(iii) expression of emotion

Extra Meaning: (ii) to be confused

V. Read the highlighted words in the following phrases from the story. Now, revisit the story and underline the prepositions.

I’ll just walk across to the corner shop…
… he felt a shadow fall over him…
…the vendors sitting under the tree…
Ravi took position behind a big banyan…

Now, fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

I walked (i) ________ (through, between, against) the village, crossed a bridge (ii) _______ (over, under, beside) a brook, and found a quiet garden (iii) ________ (among, near, across) a cottage. Sitting on a bench (iv) ______ (on, at, in) the garden, I enjoyed the peaceful surroundings. Later, I strolled (v) ______ (beside, through, along) a riverbank, exploring the forest and heading (vi) ________ (into, towards, beyond) the unknown.

Answer

I walked (i) through the village, crossed a bridge (ii) over a brook, and found a quiet garden (iii) near a cottage. Sitting on a bench (iv) in the garden, I enjoyed the peaceful surroundings. Later, I strolled (v) along a riverbank, exploring the forest and heading (vi) towards the unknown.

VI. Read the following dialogues from the story.

1. “Shall we play chess or watch the cricket match on TV, Grandpa?” asked Ravi.

2. “Who are you?” said the little boy’s mother.

3. “What did you both do today?” asked Ravi’s mother.

4. “Have you forgotten?” countered Grandpa.

5. A small child came up to him and asked, “Are you playing hide and seek?”

Now, choose the correct answer.

A. The words in the quotes are (i) _________ (exclamatory/interrogative) sentences.

B. Sentences 1, 4, and 5 are (ii) __________ (Wh-/Yes, No type) interrogative sentences.

C. Sentences 2 and 3 are (iii) _________ (Wh-/Yes, No type) interrogative sentences.
So, there are (iv) _______ (two/three) types of interrogative sentences.

Answer

A. The words in the quotes are (i) interrogative sentences.

B. Sentences 1, 4, and 5 are (ii) Yes/No type interrogative sentences.

C. Sentences 2 and 3 are (iii) Wh- type interrogative sentences.

So, there are (iv) two types of interrogative sentences.

D. Let us have a quick glance at a few guidelines to remind you of the changes while transforming from direct form of speech to indirect. You can ask your teacher for more inputs.

VII. Read the following conversation.

Arvind: Do you help in taking care of your grandparents at home?

Priya: Yes, I do. We take turns making sure they're alright. Do you have grandparents living with you?

Arvind: No. My parents and I visit my grandpa every weekend. How do you manage your grandparents’ medical needs?

Priya: We have a schedule for giving medications and visits to the doctor.

Now, complete the following sentences in reported speech.

Arvind asked Priya if she 1. ___________ for which Priya replied in the affirmative and said that they 2. ___________. Priya further asked Arvind 3. ___________ Arvind replied in the negative and said that 4. __________ every weekend. He further enquired 5. ____________. Priya responded by saying that they 6. ____________.

Answer

Arvind asked Priya if she 1. helped in taking care of her grandparents at home for which Priya replied in the affirmative and said that they 2. took turns making sure they were alright. Priya further asked Arvind 3. if he had grandparents living with him. Arvind replied in the negative and said that 4. his parents and he visited his grandpa every weekend every weekend. He further enquired 5. how they managed their grandparents’ medical needs. Priya responded by saying that they 6. had a schedule for giving medications and visits to the doctor.

Page No. 116

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to a podcast on meditation. As you listen, complete the sentences with not more than three exact words that you hear. (Transcript for teacher on page 266)

1. Meditation is a form of yoga that usually refreshes the mind and helps with __________.

2. Meditation leads to a better health condition both __________.

3. Meditation also aids in lessening undesirable feelings and improving __________.

4. It is advised that we meditate every day so that it becomes a _________.

5. Meditating on a daily basis is beneficial in comfortably tackling _________.

Answer

1. Meditation is a form of yoga that usually refreshes the mind and helps with concentration.

2. Meditation leads to a better health condition both physically and mentally.

3. Meditation also aids in lessening undesirable feelings and improving mental health.

4. It is advised that we meditate every day so that it becomes a daily habit.

5. Meditating on a daily basis is beneficial in comfortably tackling stressful situations.

Page No. 119

Writing Task

I. As you read in the story, we have a lot to learn from our elderly. Based on the lessons learned from them, write an article for your school magazine on the topic ‘Our Inspiring Elderly’.

Organise the article in the manner given below.

Follow the steps given below to write an article about your skills and passions.

Write the title at the top and your name and grade below it.

Paragraph 1: Give a brief introduction to the topic. Focus on the main idea, but do not give any details.
Paragraph 2: Give details to support the main idea—how the elderly inspire. Include examples, facts, and quotations.
Paragraph 3: Elaborate on how they overcame challenges and the inspiring impact on you.
Paragraph 4: Conclude with a final comment on the topic and leave the reader with the most important ideas to think about.

Answer

Our Inspiring Elderly

By Your Name

Grade IX

The elderly people in our families and society are a great source of wisdom, experience, and inspiration. They have spent years learning valuable lessons about life and often guide younger generations with love and care. Their knowledge, patience, and strength make them truly special and admirable.

Our elderly inspire us in many ways. They teach us important values such as honesty, kindness, discipline, and hard work. Grandparents often share stories from their childhood that help us understand the importance of family traditions and cultural values. Many elderly people continue to stay positive and active despite their age. As the saying goes, “Old is gold.” Their life experiences become lessons for the younger generation. They inspire us through their wisdom, sacrifices, and unconditional love.

Many elderly people have faced difficult challenges in life such as illness, loneliness, financial struggles, and personal loss. Yet, they continue to remain strong and hopeful. Their courage teaches us how to face problems with patience and confidence. Personally, I have learned from my grandparents to stay calm during difficult situations and to value relationships more than material things. Their guidance has helped me become more caring, respectful, and responsible.

In conclusion, the elderly are the pillars of our families and society. They deserve our love, respect, and care. We should spend time with them, listen to their experiences, and learn from their wisdom. Their lives remind us that true strength lies in patience, kindness, and experience. By respecting and caring for our elderly, we make our society more loving and compassionate.

Page No. 119

Learning Beyond the Text

I. Revisit the story and choose the image that correctly displays Grandpa’s walking stick.

Answer

The story describes Grandpa’s walking stick as a shiny-black mahogany walking stick with a brass handle carved in the shape of an eagle’s head.

II. A picture is worth a thousand words!

Explore and revisit memories.

Collect a few memorable photographs of yourself and your family. Make a slide show. Mention the following:

When and where was it clicked?
Who are the people in the photograph?
Why is it memorable for you?

Answer

Canvas of Soil NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-08T17:58:28.726+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Canvas of Soil (Poem) Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for Canvas of Soil Poem Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the third poem of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: Canvas of Soil
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Canvas of Soil (Poem) NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 86

Reflect and Respond

I. Work in pairs. Discuss what all you see in a garden. Think of the colours you see and where you see them.

Answer

In a garden, we can see colourful flowers, green plants, tall trees, grass, butterflies, birds, and small insects. We may also see pathways, benches, fountains, and flower pots.

Different colours can be seen in different parts of the garden:

Green – in leaves, grass, and plants
Red – in roses and other flowers
Yellow – in sunflowers and marigolds
Pink – in lilies and roses
Blue – in some flowers and the sky above the garden
Brown – in tree trunks and soil

II. Look at the picture of a garden and a painting given below. Speak about any similarities between the garden and the painting.

Speak using the following:

Just as a garden ________, similarly, a painting ________.
A garden and a painting, both _______.
________ is common to both a garden and a painting.
Like a garden, a painting too __________.

Answer

Just as a garden is full of colours and beauty, similarly, a painting is filled with attractive colours and designs.
A garden and a painting, both look beautiful and pleasing.
Creativity and colours is common to both a garden and a painting.
Like a garden, a painting too brings happiness and peace to people.

Page No. 87

Check Your Understanding

I. Read the poem again and complete the summary of each stanza by filling in the blanks.

1. The ________ is portrayed as a rich palette where gardeners’ __ __ __ a __ s flourish in the form of _________, awaiting spring.

2. The garden flowers ______________ into a beautiful display of different b __ __ __ __ __ ms, resembling a ______________ by Mother Nature, in the light of morning.

3. Each garden is likened to a wide ________, integrating art and ________. Through the efforts of gardeners, gardens transform into still-life ________.

Answer

1. The earth is portrayed as a rich palette where gardeners’ dreams flourish in the form of seeds, awaiting spring.

2. The garden flowers bloom into a beautiful display of different blossoms, resembling a painting by Mother Nature, in the light of morning.

3. Each garden is likened to a wide __ __ n __ __s, integrating art and life. Through the efforts of gardeners, gardens transform into still-life paintings.

II. Select the appropriate title for each stanza from those given below. There are two extra titles.

1. Nature’s Work of Art
2. Sweet-smelling Blossoms
3. Gardens as Living Canvases
4. Earth and Possibilities
5. The Painter’s Canvas

Answer

First Stanza - 4. Earth and Possibilities

Second Stanza - 1. Nature’s Work of Art

Third Stanza - 3. Gardens as Living Canvases

III. Match the poetic devices in Column 1 to the examples in Column 2. Discuss your responses in pairs. Then share the responses with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

Column 1	Column 2
1. Imagery [mind pictures]	(iv) colours, brushstrokes, blossoms, shades of green
2. Metaphor [comparison without use of ‘like’ or ‘as’]	(vi) garden as a painting, plot as canvas, seeds as brushstrokes
3. Rhyme Scheme	(ii) AABB
4. Tone [what the poet feels]	(i) appreciative
5. Mood [what the reader feels]	(vii) joyful
6. Speaker	(v) a gardener
7. Alliteration [same consonant sound]	(iii) ‘Blossoms bloom’

Page No. 89

Critical Reflection

I. Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow.

1. Brushstrokes of seeds, planted true,
Awaiting spring’s vibrant hue.

(i) The poet has used a metaphor in ‘Brushstrokes of seeds’. Which option from those given below uses a metaphor?

A. Her mother’s heart heard her heartfelt request with kindness.
B. She has a heart of gold.
C. Her heart did a dance of joy on seeing the new doll.
D. She has a very kind heart.

Answer

B. She has a heart of gold.

(ii) Complete the sentence appropriately.
The phrase ‘planted true’ is significant because it implies __________.

Answer

The phrase ‘planted true’ is significant because it implies that the seeds are planted carefully, honestly, and with hope for healthy growth.

(iii) Why has the poet used the word ‘hue’ instead of ‘colours’ in the extract?

Answer

The poet has used the word ‘hue’ instead of ‘colours’ because ‘hue’ sounds more poetic and artistic. It highlights the beauty, richness, and variety of colours that appear during spring.

(iv) Complete the following analogy correctly with a word from the extract.
Summer: hot :: Spring : _________

Answer

vibrant

(v) Read the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) and select the option that is correctly suited.

(A): Gardeners wait for Spring.
(R): Gardens are worth painting in Spring.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

Answer

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

2. Each plot, a canvas wide,
Where art and life coincide.

(i) What does ‘Each plot’ refer to in this extract?

Answer

‘Each plot’ refers to every piece or area of land in a garden where plants and flowers are grown.

(ii) Select which option imitates the rhyme scheme of the extract.

A. beautiful and clear laughter and cheer
B. beautiful and clear laughter and tears

Answer

A. beautiful and clear laughter and cheer

(iii) Select the line from the extract that conveys that gardening blends aesthetic beauty with natural growth.

Answer

“Where art and life coincide.”

(iv) Complete the following sentence appropriately.
The plot is likened to a canvas suggesting that ___________.

Answer

The plot is likened to a canvas suggesting that gardening is a form of artistic creation where nature becomes a beautiful painting.

(v) Why has the poet most likely used the word ‘wide’ instead of ‘long’ in ‘canvas wide’?

Answer

The poet has used the word ‘wide’ to suggest openness, vastness, and endless creative possibilities in the garden. It creates a broader and more artistic image in the reader’s mind.

II. Give reasons for the comparisons made by the poet in the poem.

1. A painter is compared to a gardener because __________.

Answer

A painter is compared to a gardener because both create beauty using creativity, patience, and imagination.

2. A palette is like earth as __________.

Answer

A palette is like earth as both hold and display colours that create beautiful artistic expressions.

3. The brushstrokes are like seeds because __________.

Answer

The brushstrokes are like seeds because both help in creating beauty and life through careful placement and effort.

4. A canvas is similar to a garden plot as __________.

Answer

A canvas is similar to a garden plot as both serve as spaces where creativity and beauty are expressed.

III. Answer the following questions.

1. How does the metaphor ‘Brushstrokes of seeds’, enhance the understanding of gardening as an art form?

Answer

The metaphor ‘Brushstrokes of seeds’ compares the act of planting seeds to a painter making brushstrokes on a canvas. This comparison helps readers understand that gardening is not merely physical work but also a creative and artistic activity. Just as a painter carefully chooses colours and strokes to create a beautiful painting, a gardener carefully plants seeds to create a colourful and lively garden. The metaphor beautifully connects art with nature.

2. What can you infer about the poet’s perspective on the relationship between nature and creativity from the following lines?
‘Each plot, a canvas wide,/Where art and life coincide.’

Answer

From these lines, it can be inferred that the poet believes nature and creativity are deeply connected. The poet sees gardens as artistic spaces where life and beauty come together. Gardening is presented as an act of creativity similar to painting. The poet appreciates how humans and nature work together to create something meaningful and beautiful.

3. Do you think the imagery in the poem successfully paints a vivid picture in the reader’s mind? If yes, why? If no, why not?

Answer

Yes, the imagery in the poem successfully paints a vivid picture in the reader’s mind. The poet uses colourful words and artistic comparisons such as “palette of earth,” “brushstrokes of seeds,” and “blossoms bloom” to create clear and attractive images. The mention of different colours and shades helps readers imagine a lively and beautiful garden. The poem makes nature appear like a colourful painting full of life and creativity.

4. Support the view that the poet’s mention of the colour yellow, besides red, blue and green, would have lent effectively to the imagery.

Answer

The mention of yellow along with red, blue, and green would have made the imagery even richer and brighter. Yellow is often associated with sunlight, warmth, happiness, and blooming flowers like sunflowers and marigolds. Including yellow would have added more brightness and energy to the garden’s description. It would have made the picture of the garden more colourful and realistic in the reader’s imagination.

5. Considering the line ‘Gardens become paintings still’, what can you interpret about the poet’s view on the timelessness of nature’s beauty?

Answer

The line ‘Gardens become paintings still’ suggests that the poet believes nature’s beauty is timeless and everlasting. Even though seasons change, the beauty of gardens remains memorable and artistic like a painting. The poet feels that gardens capture moments of beauty that can continue to inspire people forever.

6. Justify the title of the poem, ‘Canvas of Soil’.

Answer

The title ‘Canvas of Soil’ is appropriate because the poem compares a garden to a painting. The soil is described as a canvas on which gardeners create beauty using seeds, flowers, and plants, just as painters create art using colours and brushes. The title reflects the poet’s idea that gardening is a creative and artistic activity. It also highlights the close relationship between nature, imagination, and artistic expression.

Page No. 91

Vocabulary in Context

I. The poet refers to the shades of green, red, and blue in the poem. Let us read some of the names of different shades of these colours.

Now, discuss in pairs, any two things that you can associate with these colours.

Answer

Navy Blue – deep ocean, school uniform
Apple Green – fresh leaves, raw mango
Scarlet – rose flower, festive decoration
Olive – olives, army uniform

II. You have studied painting-related words like palette, brushstrokes, shades, hue, colours, and canvas. Now, read the following paragraph and discuss in pairs what the underlined painting-related words might mean. Discuss this way:

I think ________ means ________ because the passage talks about _________.

Example: I think portrait means a picture of someone’s face because the passage talks about capturing a friend’s features.

In the art studio, young painters eagerly approached their easels, each framing a canvas that they had to work on. The teacher encouraged them to experiment with a diverse tonal range, playing with shades and hues to bring their paintings to life. One student focused on a detailed portrait, capturing his friend’s features, first with careful underpainting and then filling the final colours. Another student worked on a mural, depicting a Spring Day on the right wall of the classroom. The room continued to buzz with artistic energy.

Answer

1. Easels - I think easels means stands used to hold a canvas because the passage talks about painters working on their paintings.

2. Tonal range - I think tonal range means different shades and variations of colours because the passage talks about experimenting with shades and hues.

3. Portrait - I think portrait means a painting or picture of a person because the passage talks about capturing a friend’s features.

4. Underpainting - I think underpainting means the first basic layer of painting because the passage talks about filling the final colours later.

5. Mural - I think mural means a large painting made on a wall because the passage talks about a painting on the classroom wall.

Page No. 93

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to a young girl describe her school garden. As you listen identify which of the following 1–3, she does not talk about. (Transcript for teacher on page 264)

Answer

The young girl does not talk about the fountain (Picture 2).

II. You will once again listen to the young girl. As you listen, circle the correct answer from the options given below.

Answer

Statements	Answer
1. The colour of flowers in the first row	pink
2. The type of flowers in the second row	rose
3. Position of the type of the useful plants	left corners
4. The number of potted evergreen plants	20
5. The paint colour on the bricks bordering the garden	white and red
6. Type of tree in the centre of the garden	banyan
7. Things created with waste material	dustbins

Page No. 94

Speaking Activity

I. People wish to have a garden at home. Some like a flower garden and some a vegetable garden. Think and note some advantages of both these types, as gardens for homes.

Answer

Advantages of a Flower Garden

It makes the surroundings beautiful and colourful.
It spreads fragrance and creates a pleasant atmosphere.
Flowers attract butterflies and birds.
It helps people feel relaxed and happy.

Advantages of a Vegetable Garden

It provides fresh and healthy vegetables.
It saves money spent on buying vegetables.
It encourages healthy eating habits.
It teaches people the importance of farming and hard work.

II. Would you like to have a flower garden or a vegetable garden at home? Why?

Take turns with your partner and speak your points aloud, one by one, by using the given sentence prompts to express your preference, with reasons.

I prefer _______ to ______ because ...
For me , it is a ______ instead of a ______ due to ...
If I had a choice I’d rather have a ______than a ______ as ...
I would prefer ______ rather than ______ since ...

Answer

I would prefer a flower garden rather than a vegetable garden since flowers make the surroundings beautiful and refreshing. A flower garden fills the air with pleasant fragrance and attracts colourful butterflies and birds. It also creates a peaceful atmosphere and helps reduce stress.

Page No. 94

Writing Task

I. Write a descriptive piece of two to three paragraphs describing the details and colours in the garden you have visited.

Focus on how different shades of blue, red, and green interact, create contrast, and bring the garden to life.
Pay attention to details like the texture of petals, the varying greens of leaves, and the way light affects the colours.

Answer

I recently visited a beautiful garden filled with colourful flowers and lush green plants. The garden looked like a living painting. Different shades of red roses, pink lilies, yellow marigolds, and blue morning glories added brightness and beauty to the surroundings. The soft green grass covered the ground like a smooth carpet, while the tall trees provided cool shade. Butterflies moved from flower to flower, making the garden look even more lively.

The sunlight falling on the flowers made the colours appear brighter and more attractive. The petals of the flowers looked soft and delicate, while the leaves shone with different shades of green. Some leaves were dark green and glossy, while others were light green and fresh. A small fountain in the centre reflected the blue sky and added calmness to the atmosphere.

The garden was peaceful and refreshing. The sweet fragrance of flowers and the chirping of birds created a joyful environment. The visit made me feel relaxed and close to nature. It was truly a memorable experience.

Winds of Change NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-08T13:03:21.386+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 Winds of Change Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for Winds of Change Poem Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the third story of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: Winds of Change
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Chapter 3 Winds of Change NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 69

Reflect and Respond

I. Does anyone in your family use a hand fan? What do you call it in your language? What is it made of?

Answer

Yes, people in my family sometimes use a hand fan during power cuts or in summer. In my language, it is called ‘Pankha’. It is usually made of bamboo and palm leaves.

II. Work in pairs. Study the pictures given below carefully and complete the information. Discuss your answers with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

Fans	Assam	Kerala	Uttar Pradesh
Shape	Round	Semi-circular	Rectangular
Made of	Bamboo	Palm leaf	Moonj grass

III. Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 given on the next page. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

I visited the crafts fair yesterday. It was a wonderful experience. Each indigenous artefact was an innovative creation of industrious craftspersons with its intricate design. It invoked a sense of respect for the initiatives taken by the government to showcase them.

Answer

Column 1	Column 2
1. indigenous	(iv) local — from where it originated
2. innovative	(v) new and original in approach
3. industrious	(i) hardworking
4. intricate	(vi) elaborate/detailed
5. invoked	(iii) brought out
6. initiatives	(ii) actions to improve a situation

Page No. 73

Check Your Understanding

I. Work in pairs to complete the table on pankha. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

State	Type of Fan	Material Used
Rajasthan	appliqué hand fan	pieces of fabric with ornamental needlework
	zardozi hand fan	gold thread
	temple hand fans	brass
Gujarat	mirror work hand fans	pure cotton with mirror work
	beads hand fan	beads
	hand-stitched leather hand fans	leather, decorated with thread and wool
West Bengal	sola hand fans	sola (milky-white spongy centre of water grass)
Uttar Pradesh	Phadh hand fans	pure gold, silver zari, silk and satin frills
Bihar	bamboo hand fans	bamboo

Page No. 74

Critical Reflection

I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas. Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another.

(i) State whether the following sentence is true or false.
Pankhas were one of the most popular items of commerce.

Answer

True.
Pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes and were considered exotic and stylish.

(ii) Why has the word ‘traditional’ been used to describe pankhas?

Answer

The word ‘traditional’ has been used because pankhas have been used in India since ancient times and are closely connected with the culture, customs, rituals, and artistic heritage of different regions.

(iii) Complete the following statement.

The sentence ‘They were considered exotic and stylish’ is an opinion and not a fact because _____________

Answer

The sentence ‘They were considered exotic and stylish’ is an opinion and not a fact because it reflects people’s personal feelings and preferences rather than something that can be proved universally.

(iv) Infer one reason for commonality in the use of pankhas across India.

Answer

One reason for the commonality in the use of pankhas across India is the hot climate, which made hand fans useful and necessary for people in different regions.

(v) Select which one of the two statements is the correct assertion for the given reason.

Reason: Pankhas were made of indigenous materials, unique to the region, with elaborate designs.

A. Each kind of pankha could be distinguished from the other.
B. Pankhas were used by many people.

Answer

Assertion: A. Each kind of pankha could be distinguished from the other.

The reason supports this assertion because different regions used indigenous materials and unique designs in making pankhas.

2. With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among Indians. Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans. The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted.

(i) Infer one negative impact of technological advancement on pankha.

Answer

One negative impact of technological advancement on pankha is that people now prefer electric fans and modern cooling devices, which has reduced the everyday use and popularity of traditional hand fans.

(ii) Complete the statement with an appropriate reason.

The writer refers to ‘pankhas’ not just as an object but as a ‘culture’ because ___________

Answer

The writer refers to ‘pankhas’ not just as an object but as a ‘culture’ because they represent the traditions, artistic skills, stories, and identity of different regions of India.

(iii) Select a line from the extract which depicts how the role of the pankha has changed over the years.

Answer

“Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans.”

(iv) List one way in which the increase in demand of pankhas might benefit artisans.

Answer

The increase in demand for pankhas can provide artisans with better income and a sustainable livelihood.

(v) Select the factor that has contributed to the commercialisation of pankhas.

A. cultural preservation
B. economic demand
C. technological advancements
D. artisan initiative

Answer

B. economic demand

II. Answer the following questions.

1. How does the title ‘Winds of Change’ capture the essence of the chapter?

Answer

The title ‘Winds of Change’ perfectly captures the essence of the chapter because it highlights both the literal and symbolic significance of pankhas. Literally, pankhas create cool air or wind. Symbolically, the title refers to the changing times and the transformation of traditional hand fans from objects of daily use into decorative and commercial handicrafts. The chapter discusses how technological advancements and modern lifestyles have changed the role of pankhas in society while also emphasizing efforts to preserve this cultural heritage.

2. Support the following statement with any two relevant examples from the chapter.

Answer

The structure and design of pankhas clearly reflect the cultural identity of their regions.

Firstly, the appliqué and zardozi hand fans of Rajasthan are decorated with ornamental needlework and gold thread, showing the rich royal artistic tradition of the state.

Secondly, Gujarat’s mirror work and bead hand fans display colourful embroidery and bead craftsmanship, which are famous cultural art forms of Gujarat.

3. The chapter mentions pankhas running the risk of slowly losing their presence among Indians. Evaluate how the balance between preserving traditional craftsmanship and incorporating innovative designs in the creation of pankhas will help in this regard.

Answer

A balance between preserving traditional craftsmanship and introducing innovative designs can help keep pankhas relevant in modern times. Traditional techniques preserve the cultural identity, artistic value, and heritage associated with pankhas. At the same time, innovative designs can attract younger generations and modern buyers. By creating stylish, decorative, and functional versions of pankhas, artisans can increase demand for their products. This balance will help preserve the craft while also ensuring economic opportunities for artisans.

4. How might initiatives such as pankha-making workshops contribute to the preservation of this traditional craft?

Answer

Pankha-making workshops can help preserve the craft by spreading awareness about its cultural and artistic importance. These workshops provide artisans with opportunities to demonstrate their skills and teach traditional techniques to younger generations. They also create interest among people, encourage appreciation for handmade products, and provide artisans with commercial platforms to sell their creations. Such initiatives help sustain both the craft and the livelihood of artisans.

5. The writer mentions celebrating pankhas in the concluding part of the chapter. Assess how this could be beneficial to artisans and the craft.

Answer

Celebrating pankhas can greatly benefit artisans and the craft by increasing public appreciation and awareness. Exhibitions, workshops, and cultural events can showcase the creativity and hard work of artisans. This can increase demand for handmade pankhas, providing artisans with better income and recognition. It also encourages younger generations to value and continue traditional craftsmanship, helping preserve India’s cultural heritage.

6. How does the restriction of the use of pankha for decorative purposes reflect the changing cultural role of these traditional fans in modern India?

Answer

Earlier, pankhas were used mainly for practical purposes such as providing cool air in homes, temples, and royal courts. However, with the arrival of electric fans and modern technology, their practical use has declined. Today, pankhas are mostly valued as decorative handicrafts and cultural artefacts. This change reflects how modernization has altered traditional lifestyles while also transforming pankhas into symbols of art, heritage, and regional identity.

Page No. 76

Vocabulary and Structures in Context

I. Read the following pairs of words from the text.

1. Classify the pairs of words given above in the following categories. One example has been done for you.

Now, find more such word pairs from the text and share them with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

Appearance	Place	Material
exotic and stylish	within and outside	thread and wool
ornate and encrusted	villages and towns	silk and brass

II. Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. Write the meanings of these expressions by selecting them from the box given below. One example has been done for you.

Some common expressions with ‘and’ have a fixed order which cannot be changed. The shortest expression comes first. For example, bread and butter (*not butter and bread)

Answer

Word 1	Word 2	Fixed Expression	Meaning of the Expression
high	dry	high and dry	in a difficult situation, without help or money
cut	run	cut and run	to make a quick or sudden escape
facts	figures	facts and figures	accurate and detailed information
all	sundry	all and sundry	everyone, not just a few special people
wear	tear	wear and tear	the damage to an object due to normal use
time	again	time and again	often; on many or all occasions
thick	thin	through thick and thin	even when there are problems or difficulties
hard	fast	hard and fast	fixed and definite

Now, match the following meanings with the correct word pairs created above.

(i) in a difficult situation, without help or money

(ii) the damage to object due to normal use

(iii) accurate and detailed information

(iv) even when there are problems or difficulties

(v) everyone, not just a few special people

(vi) often; on many or all occasions

(vii) To make a quick or sudden escape

Answer

(i) in a difficult situation, without help or money – high and dry

(ii) the damage to object due to normal use – wear and tear

(iii) accurate and detailed information – facts and figures

(iv) even when there are problems or difficulties – through thick and thin

(v) everyone, not just a few special people – all and sundry

(vi) often; on many or all occasions – time and again

(vii) To make a quick or sudden escape – cut and run

III. Read the following word combinations from the text.

sustainable livelihood
aesthetically pleasing
appreciating the culture

The given phrases are conventional combinations just like fixed expressions. Such combinations are called collocations.

1. Choose the appropriate word collocations for the following sentences.

(i) The students have to (take/give) the English exam tomorrow.

(ii) The interviewer asked the candidate to (take/have) a seat.

(iii) My scooter (dashed against/ran into) a car.

(iv) I must (take/own) responsibility for my success.

(v) I would like to (tone up/improve) my grammar.

Answer

(i) The students have to take the English exam tomorrow.

(ii) The interviewer asked the candidate to have a seat.

(iii) My scooter ran into a car.

(iv) I must take responsibility for my success.

(v) I would like to improve my grammar.

IV. Read the following sentences. Underline the verbs.

1. In modern times, pankhas have become traditional craft items in India.

2. Gujarat’s industrious home-based women workers have worked tirelessly in the handicraft of pankha-making.

3. Many tribes in India have adopted this handicraft.

4. Once made for personal use, this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business.

The underlined verbs refer to the past, but have relevance to the current or present time. This form of tense is called the present perfect tense. Recently completed actions also take the present perfect form of tense.

Now, fill in the blanks with the present perfect form of verbs in the following paragraph. One example has been done for you.

Puppets have long fascinated (fascinate) audiences worldwide. Puppeteers (i) ______ (create) intricate characters andcaptivating stories with their skillful artistry. They (ii) __________ (master) the delicate movements that bring these lifeless figures to life, entertaining both children and adults. Over the years, puppetry (iii) ___________ (evolve), using modern technology while preserving traditional techniques. Many puppeteers (iv) __________ (pass) down their craft through generations, ensuring its continuity. They (v) ________ (perform) in theatres, on television, and at festivals, conveying important cultural narratives.

Answer

Puppets have long fascinated (fascinate) audiences worldwide. Puppeteers (i) have created (create) intricate characters andcaptivating stories with their skillful artistry. They (ii) have mastered (master) the delicate movements that bring these lifeless figures to life, entertaining both children and adults. Over the years, puppetry (iii) has evolved (evolve), using modern technology while preserving traditional techniques. Many puppeteers (iv) have passed (pass) down their craft through generations, ensuring its continuity. They (v) have performed (perform) in theatres, on television, and at festivals, conveying important cultural narratives.

Page No. 69

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to a dialogue between a boy and a girl discussing which type of pankha they should choose as a gift. As you listen, choose four statements out of seven that are true from 1-7 given below. (Transcript for teacher on page 263)

1. Rohan thinks Grandma prefers heavier items because they feel more substantial.

2. Priya suggests getting a pankha that can be easily moved around.

3. Rohan believes Grandma enjoys sitting in the verandah during the evenings.

4. Priya knows Grandma likes to keep special items close to her.

5. Rohan thinks a pankha with intricate designs would be too delicate for Grandma’s liking.

6. Priya suggests choosing between a bamboo pankha with beadwork or an embroidered pankha with mirror work.

7. Rohan decides they should buy the pankha without consulting their mom.

Answer

2. Priya suggests getting a pankha that can be easily moved around.

3. Rohan believes Grandma enjoys sitting in the verandah during the evenings.

4. Priya knows Grandma likes to keep special items close to her.

6. Priya suggests choosing between a bamboo pankha with beadwork or an embroidered pankha with mirror work.

Page No. 80

Speaking Activity

I. Work in groups of four. Look at the pictures of the four different kinds of fans given below.

Each of you in the group will pick one kind of fan.
Imagine yourself to be that fan.
Use the points given in the box below.

Answer

Hand Fan

Hello everyone! I am a hand fan. I am small, light, and easy to carry. I am usually made of bamboo, palm leaves, paper, or cloth. People use me during hot weather to get cool air. I like that I am eco-friendly and do not need electricity to work. I can also be beautifully decorated with colourful designs and patterns. My weakness is that I can cool only a small area and need to be moved by hand continuously. What makes me unique is my traditional and artistic appearance. I represent the culture and craftsmanship of different regions of India.

Ceiling Fan

Hello friends! I am a ceiling fan. I am fixed to the ceiling and have long rotating blades. I work with electricity and provide cool air to the entire room. I like that I can cool many people at the same time and work for long hours. My weakness is that I stop working during power cuts. What makes me unique is my ability to provide strong airflow throughout the room quickly and efficiently.

Table Fan

Hello everyone! I am a table fan. I am small and portable, and I can be placed on a table or desk. I work using electricity and can rotate from side to side. I like that I can be moved easily from one place to another. My weakness is that I cannot cool a large room properly. What makes me unique is my portability and adjustable direction of airflow.

Handheld Fan

Hello friends! I am a handheld fan. I am compact, modern, and easy to carry anywhere. I usually work with batteries or rechargeable power. I like that I can provide instant cooling while travelling or walking outdoors. My weakness is that my battery may run out after continuous use. What makes me unique is my modern design and convenience for personal use anytime and anywhere.

Page No. 80

Writing Task

I. Describe an artefact you have made in your craft class or learnt from someone.

Begin with collection and organisation of the facts with the help of the pointers given above. Do not include your opinion in the factual description.

Answer

I made a paper hand fan in my craft class. The hand fan is circular in shape and colourful in appearance. It is small, lightweight, and easy to carry. The fan is made using coloured paper, glue, decorative materials, and wooden sticks.

First, coloured paper was folded carefully into equal pleats. Then the folded paper was arranged in a circular shape and pasted properly. A wooden stick was attached as the handle. Decorative items such as glitter and small beads were added to enhance the design.

Page No. 80

Learning Beyond the Text

I. Identify any art or craft item from your region and make a presentation describing its features, materials, and process involved in making it, its usage, etc. You may refer to the points given on the next page.

Answer

Art/Craft Item: Madhubani Painting

Physical Characteristics

Madhubani painting is a traditional folk art form from Bihar. It is colourful and decorative in appearance. The paintings usually contain images of nature, flowers, animals, birds, gods and goddesses, and geometric patterns. Bright colours such as red, yellow, green, blue, and black are commonly used.

Material Used

Madhubani paintings are traditionally made using natural colours and handmade paper, cloth, or walls. Artists use bamboo sticks, twigs, brushes, and natural dyes prepared from flowers, leaves, turmeric, soot, and rice paste.

Region and Traditional Usage

This art form belongs to the Mithila region of Bihar. Traditionally, Madhubani paintings were made on the walls and floors of houses during festivals, marriages, and religious ceremonies. They were used to decorate homes and express cultural traditions.

Origin and Development

It is believed that Madhubani painting originated during the time of King Janaka for the wedding of Sita and Rama. Over time, this art evolved from wall paintings to paintings on paper, canvas, and cloth. Today, it is recognised internationally as an important Indian folk art.

Usage in Modern Times

Today, Madhubani paintings are used for home decoration, greeting cards, clothing designs, wall hangings, and exhibitions. Artists also sell these paintings to promote traditional art and earn their livelihood.

Process of Making

First, the surface is prepared using paper or cloth. Then the outline is drawn using black colour or ink. After that, natural or bright colours are carefully filled inside the designs. Finally, decorative patterns and borders are added to complete the painting.

Gifts of Grace: Honouring Our Vocations NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-06T17:56:17.916+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Gifts of Grace: Honouring Our Vocations (Poem) Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for Gifts of Grace: Honouring Our Vocations Poem Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the second poem of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: Gifts of Grace: Honouring Our Vocations
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Gifts of Grace: Honouring Our Vocations (Poem) NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 57

Reflect and Respond

I. Given below are four riddles. Read and identify who these people are.

1. In furrows deep, secrets I sow,
As time passes,
I watch them grow.

Who am I?

Answer

A farmer.

2. From wheel to kiln, my skill is born,
Step by step, an art takes form.

Who am I?

Answer

A potter.

3. I lay foundations, brick by brick,
To build a house, it’s me you pick.

Who am I?

Answer

A mason.

4. I work with pots, pans, and spice,
Creating dishes that taste so nice.

Who am I?

Answer

A cook or chef.

II. What is the role and relevance of the people you identified in the riddles? How do they contribute to the society? Discuss with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

The people identified in the riddles play an important role in society. Farmers grow food and help feed the nation. Potters create useful and decorative clay items that are used in daily life. Masons build houses, schools, hospitals, and other important structures. Cooks prepare delicious and nutritious food for people. All these workers contribute to the development and smooth functioning of society through their hard work and skills.

Page No. 60

Check Your Understanding

I. Based on your understanding of the poem, state whether the following statements are true or false. Also, rectify the false statements.

1. The poem highlights the skilled work of craftsperson.

2. The poet shares that musicians express emotions through their instruments.

3. The carpenters in the poem are admired for their logical work.

4. The electricians in the poem are recognised for their crucial role in lighting up lives.

5. The poem pays homage to shoemakers who manufacture quality footwear.

6. The poem celebrates the patriotism of the people of Bharat.

7. The poet feels that each vocation deserves to be respected.

Answer

1. True.

2. True.

3. False.
The carpenters in the poem are admired for their mathematical precision and skill in creating things from wood.

4. True.

5. True.

6. False.
The poem celebrates the varied vocations, talents, and contributions of the people of Bharat.

7. True.

II. Let us appreciate the poem.

1. Rhyme Scheme and Lineation

(i) Does the poem strictly adhere to a rhyme scheme, or is it in free verse?

(ii) What is the impact of the varying length of lines in the poem?

(iii) What is the pattern in the structure of most lines of the poem?

Answer

(i) The poem is written in free verse. It does not follow a fixed rhyme scheme. The poet uses flowing lines to freely express admiration for different vocations.

(ii) The varying lengths of the lines create a natural rhythm and make the poem sound conversational and lively. They also help to emphasise different professions and their unique contributions.

(iii) Most lines begin by introducing a vocation and then describing the work or qualities associated with it. This pattern highlights the importance and uniqueness of each profession.

2. Speaker

(i) Who appears to be the speaker and what is her/his role here?

Answer

The speaker appears to be a thoughtful observer who admires the hardworking people of Bharat. The speaker’s role is to celebrate and honour different vocations and the people engaged in them.

3. Tone and Mood

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable options from the box given below.

The tone is _____ and _____ , depicting a sense of admiration and respect for the artisans and craftspersons.
There is a ______mood throughout the poem, capturing the vibrancy and richness of cultural traditions and skills.

Answer

The tone is reverential and sympathetic, depicting a sense of admiration and respect for the artisans and craftspersons.
There is a celebratory mood throughout the poem, capturing the vibrancy and richness of cultural traditions and skills.

4. Imagery

(i) Select any two descriptions from the poem that evoke visual images.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable phrases.

The poem includes auditory imagery through mentions of artisans with lutes, _____, and ____, emphasising the sounds associated with each vocation.

Answer

(i) Two descriptions from the poem that evoke visual images:

“The boatmen gathering their nets from the shore.”
“The carpenters celebrating; they create anything out of wood with mathematical precision.”

(ii) The poem includes auditory imagery through mentions of artisans with lutes, electricians humming, and the delicious singing of the cook, emphasising the sounds associated with each vocation.

5. Metaphor

(i) State whether the following sentence is true or false.

The mention of ‘delicious singing’ of the cook is a metaphor because it implies that the quality of the singing is so enjoyable or pleasing that it can be equated to the experience of tasting something delicious.

Answer

True.

6. Personification

(i) Select the line that tells us that the poet personifies vocations by attributing human-like qualities to them.

Answer

“The voice of their vocation is the voice of their identity.”

7. Repetition

(i) Why might the poet have begun and ended with the same line—‘I hear Bharat celebrating, the varied vocations I hear!’?

Answer

The poet begins and ends with the same line to emphasise the importance of all professions in Bharat. The repetition creates a musical effect and reinforces the idea that every vocation deserves appreciation and celebration.

8. Alliteration

(i) Identify two examples of alliteration from the poem.

Answer

“work with cables and wires”
“walk, dance, run, jump”

9. Symbolism

(i) Each vocation in the poem symbolises something more than just a job. What does it symbolise?

Answer

Each vocation symbolises dignity of labour, identity, dedication, creativity, and contribution to society. The poem shows that every profession has value and plays an important role in nation-building.

Page No. 62

Critical Reflection

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.

The shoemakers affirming the quality of their work, for the feet that walk, dance, run, jump, return home.
The delicious singing of the cook, or the rhythm of designer, mason, each celebrating what belongs to them and to none else,

1. The poet says that the shoemakers ‘affirm’ the quality of their work. What does ‘affirm’ refer to here?

(i) to make adjustments in
(ii) to declare with confidence
(iii) to label the goods
(iv) to justify the efforts

Answer

(ii) to declare with confidence

2. What do quality shoes help with, according to the poet?

Answer

According to the poet, quality shoes help people walk, dance, run, jump, and return home comfortably and safely.

3. What does ‘return home’ symbolise besides the literal act of returning?

Answer

‘Return home’ symbolises safety, comfort, belonging, and the completion of daily struggles and journeys.

4. Identify the phrase that tells us that every worker’s contribution is distinct.

Answer

“each celebrating what belongs to them and to none else”

5. Complete the following with suitable words.

…for the feet that walk, dance, run, jump, return home refers to _________.

Answer

the different activities and journeys of human life

II. Answer the following questions.

1. Why does the poet say, ‘I hear Bharat celebrating, the varied vocations I hear’?

2. What does the electrician ‘humming’ while getting ready for work suggest?

3. Explain the significance of the line, ‘The voice of their vocation is the voice of their identity.’

4. Do you think the role of all the people belonging to different vocations is important in our daily lives? Support your answer with a reason.

5. Why is the poet celebrating all the vocations in the poem? Explain by giving examples from your context.

6. How does the poet use sensory imagery to bring out the beauty of everyday work?

Answer

1. The poet says this because Bharat is full of hardworking people engaged in different professions. Through their skills, dedication, and creativity, these workers contribute to the nation’s growth and cultural richness. The poet admires and celebrates their efforts and hears their work as a joyful celebration of life.

2. The electrician ‘humming’ suggests happiness, enthusiasm, and dedication towards work. It shows that the electrician performs the job with energy and positivity while helping brighten people’s lives.

3. This line means that a person’s profession reflects their identity, skills, and contribution to society. People are often recognised through their work, and their vocation becomes an important part of who they are.

4. Yes, the role of people belonging to different vocations is very important in our daily lives. Farmers provide food, carpenters make furniture, electricians supply electricity, cooks prepare meals, and shoemakers create footwear. Society cannot function smoothly without the contribution of each worker. Every profession is equally valuable and deserves respect.

5. The poet celebrates all vocations because every profession contributes to society in a meaningful way. Workers use their talents and hard work to improve people’s lives. For example, teachers educate students, doctors save lives, sanitation workers keep surroundings clean, and farmers grow food. In our daily life, we depend on many such workers. The poem teaches us to respect every profession equally.

6. The poet uses sensory imagery by describing sounds, sights, and actions related to different professions. Expressions such as “electricians humming,” “delicious singing of the cook,” and “boatmen gathering their nets” create vivid pictures and sounds in the reader’s mind. These images make ordinary work appear lively, beautiful, and meaningful.

Page No. 63

Vocabulary in Context

I. People of different vocations are being described in the poem. Match the vocations given in the box below with the descriptions that follow.

1. A person who studies or grows garden plants: _______

2. A trained female community health worker: _______

3. A producer of raw silk: _______

4. A person whose job is making or selling sweets and chocolates: _______

5. A metalworker who specialises in working with precious metals: _______

6. A person who fuses materials together: _______

Answer

1. Horticulturist

2. ASHA worker

3. Sericulturist

4. Confectioner

5. Goldsmith

6. Welder

II. Identify the word from Column 2 that is not the synonym of the words given in Column 1.

Answer

Column 1	Column 2
1. myriad	countable
2. hues	drawing
3. precision	calculation
4. varied	uniform
5. delicious	inedible

Page No. 64

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to two friends, a boy and a girl discussing the occupations of their parents. As you listen, answer the following question in two to three words only.

(Transcript for teacher on page 262)

What does the boy use to understand the details of the tools?

Answer

His father’s tool kit.

II. You will listen to the girl and the boy once again. As you listen, answer the questions by selecting the correct option.

1. The girl is __________ about taking food for her mother at the factory.

(i) happy
(ii) boastful
(iii) unsure

Answer

(i) happy

2. The boy thinks that the job of the girl’s mother carries a lot of __________.

(i) luck
(ii) risk
(iii) responsibility

Answer

(iii) responsibility

3. The girl __________ why the boy is good at science exhibitions.

(i) wonders
(ii) questions
(iii) realises

Answer

(iii) realises

4. The girl shares her __________ about joining the weekend discussion on tools.

(i) doubts
(ii) wish
(iii) ideas

Answer

(ii) wish

Page No. 65

Speaking Activity

The poet speaks of several occupations in the poem.

Create groups of five. Allot the role of any five vocations that the poet talks about. Each student in the group will represent one vocation.

Each student speaks for 1–2 minutes about their vocation—who they are, what they do, where they work, what kind of experiences they have at work, what problems they face and a message for all.

Answer

Hello everyone. I am a carpenter. I make furniture, doors, windows, and many wooden items. I work with tools such as hammers, saws, and measuring tapes. My work requires patience, skill, and precision. Sometimes, working for long hours is tiring, but I feel happy when people use the things I create. I want everyone to respect all workers because every profession is important for society.

Page No. 66

Writing Task

I. Your school will be organising a ‘Career Mela’ in which students are to be made familiar with the different career options. Complete the poster for the event given below.

Answer

ABC Public School

announces

CAREER MELA

to spread awareness about various careers

on 25 February from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

at School Auditorium, Delhi

Highlights:

✔ Details, information and guidance provided for all streams

✔ Counsellors for all career options

✔ Interactive sessions with professionals

CHART YOUR FUTURE AT CAREER MELA

ENTRY: FREE

Organised by:

Career Guidance Club

ABC Public School

Page No. 67

Learning Beyond the Text

The Lamplighter

My tea is nearly ready and the sun has left the sky;

It’s time to take the window to see Leerie going by;

For every night at tea-time and before you take your seat;

With lantern and with ladder he comes posting up the street.

Now Tom would be a driver and Maria go to sea,

And my papa’s a banker and as rich as he can be;

But I, when I am stronger and can choose what I’m to do,

O Leerie, I’ll go round at night and light the lamps with you!

For we are very lucky, with a lamp before the door,

And Leerie stops to light it as he lights so many more;

And O! before you jurry by with ladder and with light,

O Leerie, see a little child and nod to him to-night!

R.L. Stevenson

II. Visit the website https://www.msde.gov.in/ Collect information on any one vocation of your choice. Prepare a presentation explaining the following.

Reason for your choice
How is it helpful to the society and self?

Answer

Vocation Chosen: Electrician

Reason for Choice:
I chose the vocation of an electrician because electricity is essential in modern life. Electricians help maintain power supply in homes, schools, hospitals, and industries.

How is it Helpful to Society and Self?
Electricians help society by repairing electrical systems and ensuring safety. Their work supports daily activities and development. This profession also provides stable employment and opportunities for self-reliance.

III. Now, create a Haiku poem and share with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

Morning sun rises
Farmer works in golden fields
Nature smiles bright

The Pot Maker NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-05T23:41:17.152+05:30

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 The Pot Maker Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 The Pot Maker Poem Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the second story of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: The Pot Maker
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Chapter 2 The Pot Make NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 33

Reflect and Respond

I. Look at the pictures given below and identify the vocations. Now, list at least five more vocations.

Answer

The vocations shown in the pictures are:

Basket weaving
Pot making- Potter
Weaving- Weaver
Carpentry- Carpenter

Five more vocations.

Blacksmith
Tailor
Mason
Cobbler
Painter

Page 37

Check Your Understanding

1. Do you think pot making is easy? If yes, why? If no, why not?

2. Would Sentila be able to fulfil her dream of becoming a pot maker? Explain.

3. Do you think Mesoba and Arenla would support Sentila? Give a reason.

Answer

1. No, pot making is not easy. It requires a lot of hard work, patience, skill, and practice. The potter has to collect clay from faraway riverbanks, carry heavy loads, pound and soften the clay, shape it carefully, dry the pots, and finally fire them in a kiln. Even a small mistake can spoil the entire batch of pots.

2. Yes, Sentila would be able to fulfil her dream of becoming a pot maker. She was deeply passionate about pottery and worked hard to learn the craft. Despite many failures and difficulties, she continued practising and observing expert potters. With the guidance of Onula and her determination, she finally mastered the art of making beautiful pots.

3. Yes, Mesoba and Arenla would support Sentila. Mesoba defended his daughter before the village council and assured them that Sentila would soon become a skilled pot maker. Though Arenla was initially reluctant because of the hardships involved in pottery, she later started teaching Sentila the skill herself.

Page 41

Check Your Understanding

I. Do you think Onula’s support helped Sentila? If yes, why? If no, why not?

II. Sentila observes her mother making pots. What does this tell us about her?

Answer

1. Yes, Onula’s support greatly helped Sentila. She understood that Sentila’s problem was not lack of talent but lack of confidence. Onula encouraged her, taught her patiently, and gave her confidence to try again. Her guidance helped Sentila improve her pottery skills and finally succeed.

2. This shows that Sentila was observant, determined, and eager to learn. She carefully watched every detail of her mother’s work and tried to understand the techniques of pottery. Her willingness to learn through observation reveals her dedication and passion for the craft.

III. Arrange the following events of the story in the correct sequence. Share your answer with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

The correct sequence is:

1. The village council called Mesoba to know about Arenla’s unwillingness to teach pottery to Sentila.	4
2. Arenla made a new batch of pots and asked Sentila to continue the work as she was unwell.	6
3. Sentila observed how other expert potters crafted beautiful pots.	3
4. Sentila was passionate about pottery but did not share it with her mother.	1
5. Onula guided Sentila in the art of pot making.	8
6. Sentila overheard her mother saying that pot making was a tiring job and that she earned very little from it.	5
7. Onula observed two rows of pots inside the work shed, which she felt was the work of two people.	2
8. Sentila learnt the art of pot making for a year from her mother, but was unsuccessful.	9
9. Sentila was able to make pots quickly and skillfully, just one less than her mother’s.	7

III. Critical Reflection

I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. Pounding the stubborn clay inside bamboo cylinders to soften it, is also tedious. So many times I’ve dropped the mould out of sheer exhaustion and have had to start all over again. It takes months to bring out a batch of pots after so much labour. And the reward? A few rupees. But if Sentila learns weaving, she can make much more money besides providing enough cloth for the family. Weaving is not messy like pot making and can be done indoors in all seasons. Also, the time spent on weaving one shawl is much less and the return is handsome.

(i) Choose the correct reason for the given assertion.

(A): The effort in making pots is far greater than the returns.

A. The process of pot making is quite tiresome and long, and one hardly earns much.

B. The process of pot making is exhausting, takes a long time, yet gives a sense of satisfaction.

Answer

A. The process of pot making is quite tiresome and long, and one hardly earns much.

(ii) Why does Arenla want Sentila to learn weaving?

Answer

Arenla wants Sentila to learn weaving because weaving is easier, less tiring, and more profitable than pot making. It can also be done indoors in all seasons and provides enough cloth for the family.

(iii) State one advantage that weaving has over pot making, as per the extract.

Answer

One advantage of weaving is that it can be done indoors in all seasons, unlike pot making.

(iv) Choose the sentence that uses the word ‘handsome’ in the same way as in the extract.

A. My father is a handsome man.

B. They will make a handsome profit selling this property.

Answer

B. They will make a handsome profit selling this property.

(v) ‘And the reward?’ What is the author’s purpose of using a question mark here?

Answer

The question mark is used to show Arenla’s disappointment and frustration. It emphasises that despite so much hard work, the reward for pot making was very little.

2. Onula saw her taking out some clay and the implements from her basket quietly. She watched Sentila’s clumsy efforts to make a pot and noticed that Sentila was too tense. As a result, the clay seemed unable or unwilling to yield the right shape. When Sentila wearily let the misshapen lump fall at on the ground, Onula went to her and said, “Don't worry, little one, I shall teach you how to make a perfect pot.” Sentila watched in amazement as Onula fashioned a beautiful pot and asked her to try again.

(i) Complete the sentence with an appropriate reason.

Onula feels Sentila’s effort at making a pot is clumsy because _________.

Answer

Onula feels Sentila’s effort at making a pot is clumsy because she was too tense and lacked confidence.

(ii) Choose the correct option to complete the following sentence.

‘Don’t worry, little one, I shall teach you how to make a perfect pot.’

This shows that Onula was _____________.

A. sincere and generous
B. forgiving and thoughtful
C. thoughtful and generous
D. forgiving and sincere

Answer

C. thoughtful and generous

(iii) Which among the following is the effect of a cause?

A. As a result, the clay seemed unable or unwilling to yield the right shape.

B. Onula saw her taking out some clay and the implements from her basket quietly.

Answer

A. As a result, the clay seemed unable or unwilling to yield the right shape.

(iv) ‘Onula fashioned a beautiful pot.’ Here, the word ‘fashioned’ means ________. (created/styled)

Answer

Created

(v) How might Sentila have felt when she saw ‘the misshapen lump fall flat on the ground’?

Answer

Sentila might have felt disappointed, frustrated, embarrassed, and helpless because despite her efforts, she could not shape the clay properly.

II. Answer the Following Questions

1. Describe the process of pot making followed by expert pot makers, as observed by Sentila.

2. What warning was given to Mesoba by the village council?

3. How did Sentila feel when she failed at pot making even after a year of training with her mother?

4. ‘Onula stood there for a long time as if trying to absorb a new phenomenon’. Explain.

5. ‘The tradition and history of the people did not belong to any individual,’ what does this symbolise?

6. What is the significance of the concluding line of the story, ‘A new pot maker was born’?

7. What is the role of perseverance in pursuing one’s dreams? Elaborate with reference to Sentila.

Answer

1. Sentila observed that expert pot makers first collected grey and red clay from the riverbank. The clay was mixed with water and pounded until it became soft and smooth. The potter then pushed the left hand into the lump of clay and rotated it skillfully while shaping it with a spatula held in the right hand. After the pots were shaped, they were left for a few days and given final touch-ups. Then the pots were dried in the sun and loaded carefully into a kiln with hay and dried bamboo. Finally, the kiln was fired carefully because too much or too little heat could spoil the pots.

2. The village council warned Mesoba that Arenla should teach Sentila the skill of pot making because such traditional skills belonged to the community and should be passed down from generation to generation. They reminded him that experts must share their skills with those who wished to learn.

3. Sentila felt ashamed, frustrated, and disappointed. Even after practising for a year, she was unable to shape the clay properly. Her repeated failures made her lose confidence in herself.

4. Onula saw two neat rows of pots standing side by side in perfect symmetry. She realised that Sentila had finally mastered the art of pot making and had created pots that were almost identical to her mother’s. This deeply moved Onula because it symbolised the birth of a new skilled pot maker and the continuation of tradition.

5. This symbolises that traditional arts and skills are part of a community’s cultural heritage. Such skills should not remain limited to one person or family. Instead, they should be preserved and passed on to future generations for the benefit of society.

6. The concluding line signifies Sentila’s transformation into a skilled and confident pot maker. It highlights the success of her hard work, determination, and passion. It also represents the continuation of the traditional craft of pottery through a new generation.

7. Perseverance plays an important role in achieving one’s dreams. Sentila faced many difficulties while learning pottery. Her mother discouraged her, and she failed repeatedly even after long practice. However, she did not give up. She continued observing, learning, and practising with patience and determination. With the encouragement of Onula and her own hard work, she finally became a skilled pot maker. Her story teaches us that success comes through dedication, patience, and continuous effort.

Vocabulary and Structures in Context

I. Read the highlighted words in the following sentences from the text.

1. She taught Sentila how to dig the clay with dao, load it on to her carrying basket…

2. Sentila was a quick learner and turned the clay into malleable dough. Pounding the stubborn clay inside bamboo cylinders to soften it …

The highlighted words describe the tools and materials required in the process of pot making.

Now, classify the words/phrases given in the box as shown in the table below. One example for each category has been done for you.

Answer

Tools/Implements	Raw Materials	Process
dao	dough	pounding
spatula	clay	kiln
basket	bamboo	rotating
cylinders	bed of hay	shaping

II. Notice the use of the following words in the text.

These words relate to livelihood and economic aspects that are crucial for any enterprise/business/vocation.

Work in pairs and find the meanings of the following words related to economy. You may refer to a dictionary.

Now, frame sentences using each word.

Answer

Bankrupt – The businessman became bankrupt after suffering heavy losses.
Credit – The shopkeeper gave goods to the customer on credit.
Currency – The Indian currency is the rupee.
Debt – Farmers sometimes struggle to repay their debt.
Fiscal – The government announced a new fiscal policy.
Inflation – Inflation has increased the prices of daily goods.
Investment – Education is a good investment for the future.
Interest – The bank charges interest on loans.

III. Read the following sentences from the text. The main clause has been underlined and the subordinate clause has been circled.

1. Complete the following sentences with suitable noun clauses.

(i) The elders emphasised that __________.

(ii) Mesoba explained why _____________.

(iii) Onula’s promise was that ____________.

(iv) Sentila observed her mother carefully when she was shaping the mouth of the pot, which ________.

(v) The kiln, where _____________________, required careful attention to prevent over-or-under firing.

Answer

(i) The elders emphasised that traditional skills must be passed on to the next generation.

(ii) Mesoba explained why Arenla had not yet taught Sentila pottery.

(iii) Onula’s promise was that she would teach Sentila how to make a perfect pot.

(iv) Sentila observed her mother carefully when she was shaping the mouth of the pot, which helped her improve her skill.

(v) The kiln, where the pots were fired, required careful attention to prevent over-or-under firing.

2. Read the following sentences from the text. Underline the main clause and circle the subordinate clause.

(i) Arenla took Sentila to the riverbank where the grey and red clay was found.

(ii) She started on the next one, and like a sprinter who had suddenly found momentum...

(iii) … skills such as pot making, which not only catered to the needs of the people...

Answer

(i) Main clause: Arenla took Sentila to the riverbank.
Subordinate clause: where the grey and red clay was found.

(ii) Main clause: She started on the next one.
Subordinate clause: who had suddenly found momentum.

(iii) Main clause: Skills such as pot making.
Subordinate clause: which not only catered to the needs of the people.

3. Complete the following sentences with suitable relative clauses.

(i) Sentila, whose ____________, practised the craft diligently.

(ii) The village council, where __________, sought an explanation for Arenla’s reluctance.

(iii) The potter’s hands, which ___________, shaped the clay into beautiful creations.

(iv) Arenla, her mother, wanted her to learn weaving, which _________.

(v) Mesoba went home and discussed the matter with Arenla, who _________.

Answer

(i) Sentila, whose determination never faded, practised the craft diligently.

(ii) The village council, where the elders gathered, sought an explanation for Arenla’s reluctance.

(iii) The potter’s hands, which moved skillfully over the clay, shaped the clay into beautiful creations.

(iv) Arenla, her mother, wanted her to learn weaving, which was more profitable and easier.

(v) Mesoba went home and discussed the matter with Arenla, who later agreed to teach Sentila.

4. Read the highlighted words in the following lines from the text.

Onula saw her taking out some clay…
… make as many pots as they could.
… did not belong to any individual.
Slowly she walked away from this place of wonder.
… they would not have enough days of sunshine …

(i) Find out some more determiners from the text.

Answer

Some more determiners from the text are: the, many, few, some, another, every, enough, those, this, one.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners. The first two blanks have been done for you.

A. The florist arranged five bouquets for her clients, that were displayed in __________ elegant floral shop.

B. The carpenter crafted _________ unique tables, and ___________ became the centrepiece in ___________ furniture collection.

C. _________ of _________ apprentices in _________ culinary class demonstrated __________ knife skills during the intense cooking session.

D. ________ of ________ sculptures were displayed at __________ art exhibition, showcasing _________ diverse artistic skills.

Answer

A. The florist arranged five bouquets for her clients, that were displayed in an elegant floral shop.

B. The carpenter crafted two unique tables, and they became the centrepiece in the furniture collection.

C. Each of the apprentices in the culinary class demonstrated excellent knife skills during the intense cooking session.

D. Some of the sculptures were displayed at the art exhibition, showcasing many diverse artistic skills.

Page No. 48

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to a man speak about stone statues. As you listen, complete the given paragraph by filling in the blanks with the exact words you listen to. (Transcript for teacher on page 261)

A statue is carved to create a shape that is 1. ______. Among the many things stone is used for making stone 2. ______ is one of them. India has some of the most 3. ______ stone sculptures, as is obvious from its many stone monuments across the country

Answer

A statue is carved to create a shape that is 1. beautiful. Among the many things stone is used for, making stone 4. sculptures is one of them. India has some of the most 3. magnificent stone sculptures, as is obvious from its many stone monuments across the country.

II. You will now listen to the man speaking about some steps involved in making stone statues. As you listen, select the six correct steps out of the nine given. (Transcript for teacher on page 261)

1. carve to remove large unwanted portions of the stone

2. set up the different tools

3. measure the weight and dimensions of the statue

4. leave the statue in water to firm up overnight

5. refine the creation within the stone

6. choose the stone

7. begin carving from the centre

8. detach the creation from the stone as the final statue

9. work to bring out the imagined shape

Answer

The six correct steps are:

1. carve to remove large unwanted portions of the stone
3. measure the weight and dimensions of the statue
5. refine the creation within the stone
6. choose the stone
8. detach the creation from the stone as the final statue
9. work to bring out the imagined shape

Speaking Activity

• Work in pairs and choose two characters from the story—Sentila and one other character [Arenla, Mesoba, Onula, or a village elder].

• Prepare to speak from the chosen character’s perspective based on information from the story and the understanding of the intentions of the characters.

• Prepare a role-play between Sentila and the chosen character. The conversation between the characters should cover the following points.

Sentila’s desire to learn pot making
the challenges she faces
the advice or perspective the other character offers

• Students can use direct quotes from the story and creatively expand on the characters’ thoughts and feelings.

You may use the following sentence prompts.

I feel/felt _______ because...
I wish/wished _______ because...
When you said/did _______, it made me feel/think _______ because...

Answer

Sentila: Onula Aunty, I really want to become a pot maker like my mother and grandmother. Ever since I was young, I have loved watching pots being shaped from clay.

Onula: I can see your passion, Sentila. Your eyes shine whenever you speak about pottery. Why don’t you tell your mother how strongly you feel?

Sentila: I feel sad because my mother thinks pot making is a difficult and tiring job. She wants me to become a weaver instead.

Onula: Your mother worries about your future. She has struggled a lot in her life, so she wants an easier life for you.

Sentila: I understand her pain, but I cannot stop dreaming about pottery. When I watch the expert potters working, it makes me feel inspired because they create something beautiful from clay.

Onula: That is true. Pot making is not just a vocation; it is also an art and a tradition.

Sentila: I tried learning from my mother for a whole year, but I kept failing. I felt ashamed because I could not even shape the clay properly.

Onula: Don’t lose hope, little one. I noticed that you become too nervous while working. Fear is stopping your hands from moving freely.

Sentila: I wish I could make pots as skillfully as my mother because I truly love this craft.

Onula: You certainly can. Skill comes with patience and confidence. Watch carefully, stay calm, and trust yourself.

Sentila: When you encouraged me and taught me patiently, it made me feel confident because nobody had believed in me before.

Onula: I believed in you because I could see your determination. A person who works hard and never gives up always succeeds.

Sentila: Thank you, Onula Aunty. Your guidance has given me new hope. I will continue practising until I become a skilled pot maker.

Onula: Very good, Sentila. Remember, traditions survive only when young people like you are willing to learn and preserve them.

Reflective Writing - Identifying Skills and Passion

Reflective writing encourages introspection and thoughtful exploration of personal experiences, skills, and aspirations. It helps individuals gain deeper insights into themselves and their goals through structured reflection.

I. Follow the steps given below to create a write-up about your skills and passions.

• Step 1: Introduction
Reflect on your passions and the skills you currently possess or are developing. Consider why these activities or interests are meaningful and enjoyable to you.

• Step 2: Describing skills
Describe specific activities or practices you engage in to nurture your skills. This could include hobbies, classes (art, music, coding, etc.), workshops, or personal projects.

• Step 3: Passion into profession
Identify which of these skills you believe have the potential to turn your passion into a profession. Explain why you think these skills are crucial or advantageous in your chosen field.

• Step 4: Examples and reflection
Provide examples or anecdotes that illustrate how your skills and passions complement each other. Reflect on how these experiences have shaped your career aspirations and personal growth.

• Step 5: Conclusion
Summarise your reflections. Discuss any insights gained about yourself, your skills, and your career ambitions through this exercise.

Answer

Step 1: Introduction
Every person has certain skills and passions that make them unique. I have always been interested in creative activities such as writing, drawing, and public speaking. These activities make me feel happy, confident, and motivated. I enjoy learning new things and improving my abilities through practice and hard work. My passions are meaningful to me because they allow me to express my ideas, emotions, and creativity freely.

I believe that skills become stronger when we practise them regularly. Developing my talents gives me a sense of achievement and helps me grow as a person. It also inspires me to work towards my future goals with determination.

Step 2: Describing Skills
I take part in several activities to improve my skills. I regularly read books and articles to improve my language and writing abilities. I also practise writing essays, stories, and speeches to become more creative and confident in expressing my thoughts.

Apart from writing, I enjoy drawing and painting during my free time. These activities help me improve my imagination and concentration. I also participate in school activities such as debates, group discussions, and presentations, which improve my communication and public speaking skills.

In addition, I spend time learning computer skills and exploring educational videos online. These activities help me develop knowledge and prepare me for future opportunities.

Step 3: Passion into Profession
Among all my skills, I believe that writing and communication have the greatest potential to become my profession in the future. I enjoy sharing ideas, expressing emotions through words, and communicating with others effectively.

Good communication skills are important in many professions such as teaching, journalism, content writing, public speaking, and media. Writing also helps in spreading knowledge and inspiring people. I feel that these skills will help me build a successful career because they allow creativity, confidence, and continuous learning.

Step 4: Examples and Reflection
There have been many moments when my skills and passions worked together. For example, during a school competition, I wrote and presented a speech on an important social issue. My teachers appreciated my ideas and presentation style. This experience increased my confidence and encouraged me to participate in more activities.

Similarly, when I draw or paint, I feel relaxed and focused. These creative activities improve my patience and imagination. Through these experiences, I have realised that practice and dedication are necessary for success.

My passions have also taught me important life lessons such as discipline, perseverance, and self-belief. They have shaped my personality and motivated me to dream bigger for my future.

Step 5: Conclusion
This reflective exercise helped me understand my strengths, interests, and future goals more clearly. I realised that my skills can grow stronger through regular practice and determination. It also taught me that passion plays an important role in achieving success and happiness in life.

I now feel more confident about my career ambitions and personal growth. I wish to continue improving my skills and use them positively in the future. I believe that with hard work, dedication, and confidence, I can turn my passion into a successful profession.

Bharat Our Land NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-05T16:16:40.867+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Bharat Our Land (Poem) Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for Bharat Our Land Poem Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the first poem of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: Bharat Our Land
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Bharat Our Land (Poem) NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 23

Reflect and Respond

I. Recall the lines of the National Anthem and complete the table given below with the names of the states, mountain ranges, and rivers mentioned in it.

Answer

States/Provinces	Mountain Ranges	Rivers
Punjab	Vindhya	Yamuna
Sindh	Himalaya	Ganga
Gujarat	—	—
Maratha	—	—
Dravida	—	—
Utkala	—	—
Banga	—	—

II. Work in pairs. Discuss what the words ‘जय हे’ (Jaya he) in the last two lines of the National Anthem convey. Share your answer with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

The words “जय हे” (Jaya he) convey a feeling of victory, praise, and deep respect for the nation. They express admiration for India’s unity, strength, and greatness. It is a way of saluting the country and celebrating its glory. The phrase inspires patriotism and pride among citizens and reflects devotion towards the nation.

III. Read the underlined words in the given lines of the poem. Choose the odd one out that does not correspond with the meaning of the underlined word.

She’s peerless, let’s praise her!
valuable, incomparable, unmatched
Many a sage has sanctifiedthis land.
blessed , purified, applauded
And here all auspiciousthings are found.
fortunate, fantastic, favourable
Of hoary antiquityis Bharat,
ancient times, recent past, time immemorial

Answer

1. valuable
"Peerless" means having no equal or match. "Incomparable" and "unmatched" both carry the meaning of having no equal. However, "valuable" means something worth a lot.

2. applauded
"Sanctified" means made holy, blessed, or purified. "Blessed" and "purified" both relate to making something sacred. "Applauded" means praised or clapped for.

3. fantastic
"Auspicious" means favourable, of good omen, or fortunate. "Fortunate" and "favourable" both align with this meaning. "Fantastic" means extremely good or imaginative.

4. recent past
"Hoary antiquity" means extremely ancient or very old times. "Ancient times" and "time immemorial" both refer to the very distant past. "Recent past" means the near/contemporary past.

Page No. 25

Check Your Understanding

I. Fill in the blanks by choosing appropriate words from the box given below to complete the summary of the poem.

The poem is a tribute to India, celebrating its natural beauty, spiritual heritage, and 1. _______. The poet praises the 2. _______, describing it as mighty and unparalleled. The 3. _______ is depicted as generous and graceful, while the 4. _______ are honoured as sacred and unmatched. The poem highlights the contributions of 5. _______ and 6. _______ who have enriched the land with their bravery and wisdom. It also acknowledges the presence of 7. _______ and the teachings of 8. _______, highlighting India’s deep-rooted spiritual and philosophical traditions. The poet repeatedly asserts that India is 9. _______, urging everyone to 10. ________ her.

Answer

The poem is a tribute to India, celebrating its natural beauty, spiritual heritage, and 1. historical greatness. The poet praises the 2. Himavant, describing it as mighty and unparalleled. The 3. Ganga is depicted as generous and graceful, while the 4. Upanishads are honoured as sacred and unmatched. The poem highlights the contributions of 5. warriors and 6. sages who have enriched the land with their bravery and wisdom. It also acknowledges the presence of 7. Brahma-knowledge and the teachings of 8. Buddha, highlighting India's deep-rooted spiritual and philosophical traditions. The poet repeatedly asserts that India is 9. peerless, urging everyone to 10. praise her.

II. Complete the following features about the poem.

1. The impact on the readers (mood): ________

2. The poet’s attitude (tone): ________

3. The rhyme scheme: _________

4. Examples of personification: _______

Answer

1. The impact on the readers (mood):
The mood is patriotic, uplifting, and inspiring, as the poem fills readers with pride in India’s greatness and heritage.

2. The poet’s attitude (tone):
The tone is admiring and reverential, as the poet praises India’s natural beauty, culture, and spiritual richness.

3. The rhyme scheme:
The rhyme scheme is irregular (free verse), as the poem does not follow a strict rhyming pattern.

4. Examples of personification:
Examples include:

The Ganga is personified as a generous, graceful woman: "The generous Ganga is ours — which other river can match her grace?"
India (Bharat) is personified as a woman: "she's peerless, let's praise her!"
The Himavant is implied to have human-like matchless qualities.

III. What is the impact of the refrain, ‘she’s peerless, let’s praise her!’?

Answer

The refrain “she’s peerless, let’s praise her!” creates a strong sense of patriotism and admiration in the poem. By repeating this line, the poet emphasises that the nation is unique and incomparable. It reinforces pride in the country’s natural beauty, culture, and heritage. The repetition also makes the poem more rhythmic and memorable, leaving a lasting impact on the reader. Overall, the refrain unites the ideas of the poem and inspires readers to respect and celebrate their nation.

IV. Complete the following sentence appropriately.

India is metaphorically described as ‘this sunny golden land,’ suggesting that it is _______.

Answer

India is metaphorically described as “this sunny golden land,” suggesting that it is bright, prosperous, and full of richness and warmth.

V. The poet uses symbolism. Match the symbols in Column 1 to what they suggest in Column 2.

Answer

Column 1	Column 2
1. Himavant	(v) strength and permanence
2. Ganga	(iii) purity and generosity
3. Upanishads	(ii) spiritual and philosophical legacy
4. Gallant warriors and sages	(vi) courage and wisdom
5. Brahma-knowledge and Buddha’s Dhamma	(i) knowledge and enlightenment
6. Sunny golden land	(iv) richness and glory

Himavant symbolises strength and stability.
Ganga represents purity and generosity.
Upanishads reflect deep philosophical traditions.
Warriors and sages stand for bravery and wisdom.
Brahma-knowledge and Buddha’s teachings indicate enlightenment.
Sunny golden land highlights India’s richness and glory.

VI. The poet uses imagery (descriptive language to create vivid mental pictures that appeal to the senses). Give any two examples from the poem.

Answer

Example 1 (Visual imagery): "The mighty Himavant is ours" — creates a vivid mental picture of the towering, snow-covered Himalayan mountains, inspiring awe and pride.
Example 2 (Visual/Sensory imagery): "This sunny golden land" — evokes a picture of sun-drenched, golden fields and landscapes, creating a warm, rich, radiant image of India.
Example 3 (Auditory imagery): "The divinest music has been heard here" — appeals to the sense of hearing, invoking the sound of sacred and beautiful Indian music.

VII. What is the impact of the use of hyphens in the first stanza? Select the options that are true.

1. Creates deliberate pauses to reinforce the sense of admiration and pride.

2. Emphasises the contrast between India’s strengths and weaknesses.

3. Lends to the lyrical quality giving it a measured, chant-like rhythm.

4. Suggests hesitation or uncertainty in the poet’s claims about India.

5. Presents a key element of India’s greatness before the hyphen and makes a strong assertion about its uniqueness after the hyphen.

Answer

1. True
The hyphen forces a pause, allowing the reader to absorb the claim of ownership ("is ours") before the poet delivers the assertion of uniqueness.

2. False
The poem has no mention of weaknesses, it is entirely celebratory.

3. True
The hyphens create a rhythmic pause that gives the poem a chant-like, devotional quality.

4. False
The poet is entirely confident, the hyphens do not express doubt.

5. True
Each line presents an important feature of India before the hyphen and then strongly asserts its uniqueness after it.

VIII. The poet uses hyperbole in the poem.

Identify examples of hyperbole from the poem.

Answer

Example 1: "there's no equal anywhere on earth" — An exaggeration asserting the Himalayas are literally unequalled anywhere on the entire earth. The purpose is to stress the Himalayas' extraordinary greatness.
Example 2: "which other river can match her grace?" — Implies that NO river anywhere can match the Ganga — an exaggeration for rhetorical effect.
Example 3: "what scriptures else to name with them?" — Implies no scripture in the world can be compared to the Upanishads — another hyperbolic assertion.
Example 4: "here all auspicious things are found" — "ALL" auspicious things — an exaggeration suggesting India contains every sacred and favourable thing in existence.

IX. The poem is an ode.

Now, identify examples from the poem that correspond to it being an ode.

Answer

An ode is a lyrical poem expressing deep admiration, praise, or reverence for its subject, often in elevated language.

Example 1: “The mighty Himavant is ours — there’s no equal anywhere on earth.”
→ This line praises India’s natural greatness.
Example 2: “The generous Ganga is ours — which other river can match her grace?”
→ It glorifies the sacred river Ganga with admiration.
Example 3: “The sacred Upanishads are ours — what scriptures else to name with them?”
→ This highlights India’s rich spiritual and philosophical heritage.
Example 4: “This sunny golden land is ours — she’s peerless, let’s praise her!”
→ This directly expresses reverence and admiration for the nation.
Example 5: “Many a sage has sanctified this land.”
→ It honours India’s spiritual legacy and wise figures.

X. The poet uses allusion in the poem.

Now, read the explanations and identify the matching allusions from the poem for the following.

An allusion to the ancient Indian scriptures that form the philosophical core and symbolise deep wisdom and enlightenment.
An allusion to the concept of spiritual knowledge associated with self-realisation and ultimate truth.
An allusion to Gautama Buddha’s teachings, which include compassion, non-violence, and enlightenment. This highlights India’s role in shaping major religious and philosophical traditions.

Answer

“The sacred Upanishads are ours”
“Here Brahma-knowledge has taken root”
“The Buddha preached his dhamma here”

These lines refer to important elements of India’s spiritual and philosophical heritage. The Upanishads represent ancient wisdom, Brahma-knowledge signifies ultimate truth and self-realisation, and Buddha’s dhamma reflects teachings of compassion and enlightenment.

Critical Reflection

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.

The mighty Himavant is ours-
there’s no equal anywhere on earth.
The generous Ganga is ours-
which other river can match her grace?
The sacred Upanishads are ours-
what scriptures else to name with them?

1. Complete the sentence.

The word ‘mighty’ refers to the ________ of the Himavant.

2. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence given below.

The question mark at the end of the fourth and sixth line of the extract is used to ________.

(i) show doubt and uncertainty
(ii) emphasise a point
(iii) highlight confusion and hesitation
(iv) reveal inquiry and curiosity

3. The poet uses the word ‘generous’ to describe the Ganga. Why?

4. Why has the movement of the river been described as graceful?

5. Fill in the blank with the correct option from the words given in the brackets.

The poet is implying that the Upanishads are _______ (unmatched/abundant) in their wisdom and spiritual depth.

Answer

1. The word ‘mighty’ refers to the strength and immense size of the Himavant.

2. (ii) emphasise a point
The question marks are rhetorical and are used to strongly assert that nothing can equal India’s greatness.

3. The Ganga is called generous because it provides water, supports life, and nurtures civilisation. It gives continuously without expecting anything in return, symbolising selflessness.

4. The river’s flow is described as graceful because it moves smoothly and beautifully. The word "grace" also has spiritual connections, the river is a source of divine grace (blessings). This reflects its calm, pure, and divine nature, enhancing its sacred image.

5. The poet is implying that the Upanishads are unmatched in their wisdom and spiritual depth.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. How does the poem reflect a strong connection to cultural identity and heritage?

2. What can you infer about the poet’s attitude towards India from the repeated phrase ‘she’s peerless, let’s praise her!’?

3. What does the line ‘many a sage has sanctified this land’ suggest about India’s spiritual heritage?

4. How does the poet connect warriors and music to India’s greatness?

5. How does this poem foster a sense of national pride?

Answer

1. The poem highlights India’s cultural identity by referring to its ancient scriptures like the Upanishads, spiritual teachings, and historical figures. It celebrates traditions, values, and philosophical richness that have shaped the nation. The mention of sages, warriors, and sacred rivers reflects India’s deep-rooted heritage. Thus, the poem connects strongly with the country’s cultural and spiritual past.

2. The repeated phrase shows that the poet has deep admiration and pride for India. By calling the country “peerless,” he suggests that it is unique and unmatched. The use of “let’s” invites everyone to join in celebrating the nation. This reflects a respectful, patriotic, and appreciative attitude.

3. This line suggests that India has been the home of great sages and spiritual leaders. Their presence and teachings have made the land sacred and spiritually rich. It highlights India’s long tradition of wisdom and moral values. Thus, it emphasises the country’s deep spiritual heritage.

4. The poet mentions gallant warriors to highlight courage and bravery in India’s history. At the same time, he refers to divine music to show cultural richness and artistic excellence. Together, they represent both strength and creativity. This combination reflects the balanced greatness of the nation.

5. The poem praises India’s natural beauty, spiritual depth, and cultural achievements. It repeatedly emphasises that the country is unique and worthy of admiration. Such descriptions inspire readers to feel proud of their nation. The tone and imagery together create a strong sense of patriotism.

Vocabulary in Context

I. Complete the table by choosing words from the poem.

Answer

Suffix	Meaning	Example (from poem)
-ous	full of, having qualities	generous
-ity	state or quality	sanctity (from “sanctified” idea in poem)
-est	superlative form	greatest (implied sense of “no equal anywhere on earth”)
-less	without something	peerless

generous → used for Ganga (full of giving nature)
sanctity → derived from “sanctified” (sacredness of land)
greatest → reflects the idea of unmatched greatness
peerless → directly used in poem (without equal)

II. Complete the following table by adding a different suffix to form new words. Also, create a sentence using the created word. One example has been done for you.

Answer

Suffix	Meaning	Sentence
-ion	the action or process of	Example: indication 1. The dark clouds were an indication that it would rain soon.
-ive	quality or nature of	Example: informative 2. The teacher gave us an informative lesson about India’s heritage.
-ment	the action or result of	Example: achievement 3. The grandmother’s achievement inspired everyone around her.
-ed	past-tense version of a verb	Example: helped 4. The narrator helped her grandmother learn how to read.

informative → shows quality
achievement → result of effort
helped → past action

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to four people talk about the places they like to travel to. As you listen, write the speaker number for the two pictures given. (Transcript for teacher on page 260)

Answer

Speaker No. 4
Speaker No. 2

II. You will once again listen to the four speakers. As you listen, match the given statements to the speaker. There are two statements that you do not need. (Transcript for teacher on page 260)

Answer

Statement	Speaker
1. The green surroundings look beautiful visually.	4
2. The group visits make even the difficult areas seem easy.	❌ Not used
3. The quietness of the environment here leads to a peaceful experience.	1
4. The risk and thrill in such an area is what is most appealing.	2
5. The dry expanse promises to appeal to the spirit of exploration.	3
6. The sight of such beauty is very inviting and has to be captured.	❌ Not used

Speaking Activity

I. In pairs, take turns to speak about the aspects of your village/town/city that you feel are an asset. It could be about geographical, cultural, traditional features, or even its history.

Use these cues to express your praise and admiration.

One thing that I find truly wonderful about my village/town/city is...
If I had to describe my village/town/city in one word, it would be...
I have always been fascinated by the way the people of my village/town/city...
What I want other people to know about my village/ town/city is…
When it comes to the scenery, my village/town/citytruly shines because...
I feel a deep sense of pride when I think about my village/town/city...

Answer

Student 2: One thing that I find truly wonderful about my city is its rich cultural heritage. Festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm, and they bring people together.
Student 1: That sounds great! If I had to describe my town in one word, it would be peaceful. It’s surrounded by greenery, and life there feels calm and refreshing.
Student 2: I have always been fascinated by the way people in my city maintain traditions while also adapting to modern life.
Student 1: That’s true. What I want other people to know about my town is that it may be small, but it has a strong sense of community and warmth.
Student 2: When it comes to scenery, my city truly shines because of its parks, rivers, and historical monuments.
Student 1: In my town, the fields and natural landscapes make it very beautiful and relaxing.
Student 2: I feel a deep sense of pride when I think about my city because it represents culture, diversity, and progress.
Student 1: I feel the same about my town. No matter where we go, our hometown will always remain special to us.

Writing Task

I. Write a paragraph about a place that you have visited which has stayed in your memory.

Remember to mention the following:

Why did you go there?
Who did you travel with?
How did you prepare for the travel?
Where did you stay?
What activities did you do there?

Answer

I visited Manali last summer, and it has stayed in my memory as one of the most beautiful places I have ever seen. I went there during my school holidays with my family. Before the trip, we planned our itinerary, packed warm clothes, and booked our hotel in advance. We stayed in a cosy hotel surrounded by mountains, which offered a stunning view of the valley. During our stay, we visited places like Solang Valley and Rohtang Pass, where we enjoyed snow activities such as skiing and playing in the snow. We also explored local markets and tasted delicious food. The fresh air, scenic beauty, and peaceful environment made the trip unforgettable. It was a refreshing experience that I will always cherish.

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read NCERT Solutions Class 9 English Kaveri

2026-06-05T15:27:57.784+05:30

New NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Class 9 English Poorvi

NCERT Solutions for How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Class 9 English is prepared by expert faculty. This is the first chapter of Class 9 English NCERT Textbook named Kaveri.

Chapter Name: How I Taught My Grandmother to Read
Textbook Name: Class 9 English Kaveri
Related Stud material: Class 9 Kaveri NCERT Solutions

Chapter 1 How I Taught My Grandmother to Read NCERT Solutions Class 9 English

Page No. 1

Reflect and Respond

I Complete the given word web.

Answer

II. Read the questions given below and share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

1. Which language(s) do your grandparents or elderly relatives speak?

2. How do they spend their time? How do you spend time with them?

3. What is your favourite experience with them?

4. What is something that the elderly in your family cannot do easily but enjoy watching you do?

Answer

1. My grandparents speak Hindi and Bhojpuri. They prefer their regional dialect while talking amongst themselves.

2. They spend their time praying, gardening, watching devotional programmes, and reading newspapers. I spend time with them by listening to their stories, playing board games, or helping them with technology like video calls.

3. My favourite experience was when my grandmother narrated stories of her childhood under the stars. Those memories taught me more about life than any book.

4. My grandmother cannot use a smartphone easily but she loves watching me play video games or use the computer. She finds it fascinating and modern.

III. Read the following passage. Match the highlighted words with their meanings given in the box below.

The casting for the (i) protagonist of our school’s annual play was done after a lot of (ii) debate as many good actors had auditioned for the role. We had decided to present an (iii) episode from an inspirational story. It was a life story of a group of children who worked with the (iv) community to spread literacy. Every day, we reached school early to practise with (v) concentration. We waited (vi) eagerly for the final presentation. All of us played our roles in a very (vii) convincing manner as our theatre teacher had (viii) guided us well.

Answer

Word from Text	Meaning
(i) protagonist	7. main character
(ii) debate	4. discussion
(iii) episode	5. a part of a story
(iv) community	3. people living in one particular area
(v) concentration	6. focus
(vi) eagerly	1. excitedly
(vii) convincing	2. believable
(viii) guided	8. directed

Page No. 6

Check your Understanding

I. Complete the cause and effect table given below based on Part I of the story. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

Answer

Cause	Effect
The transport system in the village was not very good / roads were poor.	(i) The morning papers arrived late in the day and weekly magazines would come one day late.
The grandmother, Krishtakka, never went to school.	(ii) She could not read. So every Wednesday the narrator would read out the next episode of Kashi Yatre to her.
(iii) The grandmother deeply identified with the protagonist of Kashi Yatre, as she too had never visited Kashi. The story mirrored her own life and unfulfilled dream.	(iii) She was deeply interested in the story and discussed it with her friends.
The narrator went to a wedding for a week.	(iv) The grandmother missed the latest episode of Kashi Yatre. When the magazine arrived she could not read it. She was in tears when the narrator returned.
(v) In those days, people never considered education essential for girls. The grandmother lost her mother early, her father remarried, and she was married off young.	(v) The grandmother never went to school.
The grandmother regretted not going to school.	(vi) She made sure that all her children and grandchildren studied well. She also decided to learn the Kannada alphabet herself to become independent.

II. Do you think the narrator expected to see her grandmother in tears when she returned to the village? If yes, why? If no, why not?

Answer

No, the narrator did not expect to see her grandmother in tears. She clearly mentions that she had never seen her grandmother cry even in the most difficult situations. This shows that the grandmother was strong and emotionally composed. Therefore, seeing her cry came as a surprise and made the narrator worried about the reason behind it.

III. How might the narrator help her grandmother to fulfil her desire to learn to read and write?

Answer

The narrator can help her grandmother by becoming her teacher and guiding her step by step. She can teach her the Kannada alphabet, give her regular practice in reading and writing, and encourage her to improve daily. The grandmother’s determination and hard work would support this learning process. As shown in the story, with proper guidance and effort, the grandmother successfully learns to read and becomes independent.

Page No. 9

Check Your Understanding

I. State whether the following sentences are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

1. The grandmother wanted to learn the Kannada alphabet to gain independence.
2. The grandmother asked someone in the village to read Kashi Yatre to her while the narrator was away.
3. The narrator was the grandmother’s first teacher and taught her how to read Kannada.
4. The grandmother believed that there was no age limit for learning.
5. The grandmother touched the narrator’s feet as a mark of respect for her as a teacher.
6. The narrator was disappointed with the progress her grandmother made in learning to read.

Answer

Statement	True / False
The grandmother wanted to learn the Kannada alphabet to gain independence.	TRUE — She explicitly says "I want to be independent."
The grandmother asked someone in the village to read Kashi Yatre to her while the narrator was away.	FALSE — She was too embarrassed to ask anyone. She rubbed the pages helplessly instead.
The narrator was the grandmother's first teacher and taught her how to read Kannada.	TRUE — "I was her only teacher and she was my first student."
The grandmother believed that there was no age limit for learning.	TRUE — She said "For learning there is no age bar."
The grandmother touched the narrator's feet as a mark of respect for her as a teacher.	TRUE — She said "I am touching the feet of a teacher, not my granddaughter."
The narrator was disappointed with the progress her grandmother made in learning to read.	FALSE — She said "my student had passed with flying colours." She was proud and happy.

Critical Reflection

I. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. When I came back to my village, I saw my grandmother in tears. I was surprised, for I had never seen her cry even in the most difficult situations.
What had happened? I was worried.
‘Avva, is everything all right? Are you okay?’
I used to call her Avva, which means mother in the Kannada spoken in north Karnataka.
She nodded but did not reply. I did not understand and forgot about it. In the night, after dinner, we were sleeping in the open terrace of our house. It was a summer night and there was a full moon. Avva came and sat next to me. Her affectionate hands touched my forehead.

(i) Complete the following sentence with the appropriate option.

The phrase ‘never seen her cry in the most diffcult situations’ tells us that the grandmother was ___________.

A. strong-willed
B. understanding
C. considerate
D. bold

(ii) Complete the following with the correct option from those given in the brackets.

Grandmother did not reply when the narrator asked if she was alright because she might have been too _____________ (emotional/tired) to respond.

(iii) Identify the clue from the extract that indicates a rural setting with traditional customs.

(iv) Which lines of the extract establish a tender atmosphere?

(v) Which of the following aspect is NOT emphasised in the given extract?

A. the emotional turmoil of the grandmother
B. the affectionate bond between the narrator and her grandmother
C. the grandmother’s regret over her lack of education
D. the narrator’s concern for her grandmother

Answer

(i) A. strong-willed
The grandmother had faced many hardships without breaking down. This shows her strength and emotional control, making her a strong-willed person.

(ii) emotional
The grandmother was in tears and deeply disturbed, so she was unable to respond immediately. Her silence reflects her emotional state.

(iii) The mention of "we were sleeping in the open terrace of our house" sleeping on the open rooftop/terrace is a typical rural tradition, especially in summer.
The use of the word "Avva" — a regional Kannada term for mother, showing the local cultural and linguistic tradition of north Karnataka.

(iv) The following lines establish a tender atmosphere:
"It was a summer night and there was a full moon. Avva came and sat next to me. Her affectionate hands touched my forehead."
The imagery of a full moon, the quiet night, and the grandmother's gentle, loving touch on her granddaughter's forehead creates a deeplyintimate and emotionally warm atmosphere.

(v) C. the grandmother’s regret over her lack of education
The extract focuses on emotions, concern, and affection, but does not mention her regret about education at this point in the story.

2. ‘I have decided I want to learn the Kannada alphabet from tomorrow onwards. I will work very hard. I will keep Saraswati Puja day during Dassara as the
deadline. That day I should be able to read a novel on my own. I want to be independent.’
I saw the determination on her face. Yet I laughed at her.

‘Avva, at this age of sixty-two you want to learn the alphabet? All your hair is grey, your hands are wrinkled, you wear spectacles and you work so much in the kitchen...’
Childishly I made fun of the old lady. But she just smiled.
‘For a good cause if you are determined, you can overcome any obstacle. I will work harder than anybody but I will do it. For learning there is no age bar.’

(i) What does the grandmother’s statement, “I want to be independent,” reveal about her character?

A. She wanted to be literate.
B. She desires self-sufficiency.
C. She wants to prove her intelligence to others.
D. She feels pressured by society to learn.

(ii) Fill in the blank with the appropriate option from those given in brackets.

The grandmother’s determination shows that learning has no __________. (age limit/gender bias/cultural barriers)

(iii) Complete the following with a suitable reason.

The narrator laughs at her grandmother’s decision to learn the alphabet at the age of sixty-two because ___________.

(iv) List any two qualities displayed by the grandmother.

(v) How can we say that the narrator is making assumptions about her grandmother?

Answer

(i) B. She desires self-sufficiency
The grandmother wants to read on her own and not depend on others. This shows her strong desire to become independent and self-reliant.

(ii) age limit
She decides to learn at the age of sixty-two, proving that learning can happen at any stage of life.

(iii) she thinks that old age is not the right time to start learning and underestimates her grandmother’s ability.
The narrator assumed that age and physical condition were barriers to learning, and underestimated her grandmother's determination and willpower.

(iv) 1. Determination/Strong willpower: Despite being 62 years old with no prior schooling, she set a firm deadline and committed to learning the alphabet with full dedication.
2. Humility and wisdom: She was willing to learn from her own granddaughter, setting aside all ego and social pride — showing that true wisdom includes knowing one's own gaps and working to fill them.

(v) The narrator assumes that her grandmother cannot learn due to her age and physical condition. She laughs at her without understanding her determination. This shows that she judges her grandmother based on age rather than ability.

II. Answer the following questions.

Why do you think the grandmother felt embarrassed to ask someone else to read to her while the narrator was away?
Why does the narrator initially laugh at her grandmother’s determination to learn at the age of sixty-two?
What significance does the story of Kashi Yatre have in both the grandmother’s life and the story?
What does the grandmother’s desire to learn the Kannada alphabet reflect about her?
What lessons can we infer from the grandmother’s action of touching the narrator’s feet?
What does the following line tell us about the broader theme of the story?
‘For a good cause if you are determined, you can overcome any obstacle.’
How effectively does the story highlight the value of education in supporting personal independence?

Answer

1. The grandmother felt embarrassed because she was illiterate and did not want others to know about her inability to read. She says she felt “dependent and helpless,” which hurt her self-respect. Despite being financially well-off, she lacked confidence due to her lack of education. This made her hesitant to ask others for help.

2. The narrator laughs because she believes that learning at such an old age is difficult and unusual. She notices her grandmother’s physical signs of old age and assumes she may not be able to learn. This reflects her immature thinking. However, she later realises her mistake.

3. Kashi Yatre plays an important role as it inspires the grandmother to learn reading. She becomes emotionally connected to the story and eagerly waits to know what happens next. When she cannot read it herself, she feels helpless and decides to become independent. Thus, the story acts as a turning point in her life and drives the main theme of the chapter.

4. It reflects her strong determination and desire for independence. She wants to overcome her weakness and not depend on others. Her decision also shows that she values education and believes that learning has no age limit. This highlights her courage and self-respect.

5. The grandmother’s action teaches us to respect teachers regardless of age or relationship. She acknowledges her granddaughter as her teacher and expresses gratitude. It also shows humility and respect for knowledge. This act highlights the importance of education and values in life.

6. This line highlights the theme of determination and perseverance. It shows that strong willpower can help a person overcome difficulties. The grandmother proves this by learning to read despite her age. Thus, the story conveys that nothing is impossible with dedication.

7. The story clearly shows that education is essential for independence. The grandmother feels helpless when she cannot read and depends on others. After learning to read, she becomes confident and self-reliant. Her transformation proves that education empowers individuals and gives them dignity. Thus, the story effectively highlights the importance of education.

Page No. 13

Vocabulary and Structures in Context

I. The expression ‘hide and seek’ is used in the text. This is called a binomial.

Binomials are expressions consisting of two words, usually linked by a conjunction like ‘and’ or ‘or’, that are commonly used together in a fixed order. For example: odds and ends, right or wrong.

Match the binomials in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. You may refer to a dictionary.

Now, use any five of the above binomials in sentences of your own.

Answer

Column 1	Column 2
1. sink or swim	(vii) succeed or fail without help
2. on and off	(v) sometimes, occasionally
3. mix and match	(i) put different things together to get a range of possibilities
4. all or nothing	(viii) something to be done completely or not at all
5. part and parcel	(ii) complete part of or belong to
6. pick and choose	(iii) choose only the best
7. sooner or later	(iv) at sometime in the future
8. leaps and bounds	(vi) increase or develop very quickly

Sentences:

1. sink or swim: In the new job, it was a sink or swim situation for him.

2. on and off: She had been practising piano on and off for the past two years.

3. mix and match: You can mix and match these clothes to create different styles.

4. all or nothing: Success requires an all or nothing attitude.

5. part and parcel: Facing failures is part and parcel of becoming successful in life.

6. pick and choose: She likes to pick and choose the best books from the library.

7. sooner or later: If you keep avoiding your homework, sooner or later the teacher will find out.

8. leaps and bounds: Her English speaking skills improved by leaps and bounds after regular practice.

II. Read the following words from the text given in the box below.

These words are made by adding suitable prefixes (‘un’, ‘ir’, and ‘in’) to give an opposite or negative meaning to the words.

Now, make words by adding the suitable prefixes given in the box to the words from the text in Column 1. Write the prefixed words in Column 2. One example has been done for you.

Now, use these idioms in sentences of your own.

Answer

Column 1 (Word)	Column 2 (Opposite Word)
1. popular	unpopular
2. belief	disbelief
3. important	unimportant
4. respect	disrespect
5. correct	incorrect
6. continue	discontinue
7. understand	misunderstand
8. ordinary	extraordinary
9. interesting	uninteresting
10. possible	impossible

III. Identify any five words with prefixes from the story and make sentences using each.

Answer

unfortunately (un + fortunately)
Sentence: Unfortunately, the bus arrived two hours late that evening.
unhappy (un + happy)
Sentence: The grandmother felt unhappy when she could not read the story on her own.
unusual (un + usual)
Sentence: It was unusual to see the grandmother in tears, which surprised the narrator.
independent (in + dependent)
Sentence: The grandmother wanted to become independent by learning to read and write.
irrespective (ir + respective)
Sentence: A good teacher deserves respect irrespective of age.

IV. In the sentence, “I knew, then, that my student had passed with flying colours”, the phrase “passed with flying colours” is an idiom. It means outstanding performance.

Now, match the idioms related to ‘learning’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. You may refer to a dictionary.

Now, use these idioms in sentences of your own.

Answer

Column 1 (Idiom)	Column 2 (Meaning)
1. to hit the books	(iii) to study seriously
2. to draw a blank	(v) to be unable to remember
3. to learn the ropes	(vi) to understand how to do an activity
4. to rack one's brain	(ii) to think very hard
5. to learn by heart	(i) to memorise something
6. burn the midnight oil	(iv) to study or work late into the night

Sentences:

to hit the books
I have to hit the books because my exams are starting next week.
to draw a blank
I tried to answer the question but completely drew a blank.
to learn the ropes
It took Meera a few weeks to learn the ropes at her new job.
to rack one’s brain
She racked her brain to solve the difficult maths problem.
to learn by heart
We had to learn the poem by heart for the recitation competition.
burn the midnight oil
He burned the midnight oil to finish his science project before the deadline.

V. (i) Fill in the blanks with simple past and past perfect tense form of the verbs given in brackets.

A. When the delegates _________ (arrive) at the conference, the keynote speaker _________ (already begin) the session.

B. After the students _________ (learn) how to identify fake news online, they _________ (start) verifying information before sharing it.

C. Before Kiran _________ (start) using digital payment platforms, she _________ (ensure) her understanding of online fraud prevention.

D. By the time Varun _________ (recognise) the importance of budgeting, he _________ (exhaust) most of his savings.

E. When Raghu _________ (log in) to the cybersecurity webinar, the instructor _________ (already discuss) the importance of strong passwords.

Answer

A. When the delegates arrived at the conference, the keynote speaker had already begun the session.

B. After the students had learnt how to identify fake news online, they started verifying information before sharing it.

C. Before Kiran started using digital payment platforms, she had ensured her understanding of online fraud prevention.

D. By the time Varun recognised the importance of budgeting, he had exhausted most of his savings.

E. When Raghu logged in to the cybersecurity webinar, the instructor had already discussed the importance of strong passwords.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs given in brackets.

Last year, my parents and I A. _________ (take) a financial planning course. When we B. _________ (review) our expenses, we realised we C. _________ (spend) too much on unnecessary purchases. After my parents D. _________ (discuss) ways to save, I E. _________ (open) a savings account.

By the time we F. _________ (set) our budget, the course G. _________ (already introduce) investment strategies. We H. _________ (hurry) to take notes, but many participants I. _________ (complete) their financial plans. Despite that, we J. _________ (enjoy) learning how to manage money wisely.

Answer

Last year, my parents and I A. took a financial planning course. When we B. reviewed our expenses, we realised we C. had spent too much on unnecessary purchases. After my parents D. had discussed ways to save, I E. opened a savings account.

By the time we F. set our budget, the course G. had already introduced investment strategies. We H. hurried to take notes, but many participants I. had completed their financial plans. Despite that, we J. enjoyed learning how to manage money wisely.

Concept used: Simple Past (V2) is used for the main sequence of events in the story: took, reviewed, opened, set, hurried, enjoyed.
Past Perfect (had + V3) is used for actions that had been completed BEFORE another past action: had spent, had discussed, had already introduced, had completed.

Listen and Respond

I. You will listen to a speaker talk about digital literacy. As you listen, complete the following sentences with one to three exact words that you hear. (Transcript for teacher on page 259)

1. Literacy these days includes the ability to use _________.
2. Digital literacy is also about protecting _________.
3. Digital literacy enables the elderly to _________.
4. Digital literacy encourages using the internet safely by helping us recognise _________ and __________.
5. The National Digital Literacy Mission helps people across the country by imparting _________.

Answer

Literacy these days includes the ability to use digital tools effectively and responsibly.
Digital literacy is also about protecting personal data.
Digital literacy enables the elderly to stay connected.
Digital literacy encourages using the internet safely by helping us recognise misinformationand cyber threats.
The National Digital Literacy Mission helps people across the country by imparting IT training.

Speaking Activity

Turncoat is a type of solo debate where the speaker argues for and against a topic, switching sides after a certain period of time.

I. Choose your topic and speak ‘for’ and ‘against’ for not more than one minute each.

Topic 1: It is important to learn a new language apart from your mother tongue.
Topic 2: Learning can happen only when you are young.

Use the guidelines given below.

• Begin with speaking ‘for’ the topic for one minute.
• Your teacher will signal that it is time to switch sides.
• Then speak ‘against’ the topic for one minute.

You may use the following sentence prompts.

Answer

Topic 1: It is important to learn a new language apart from your mother tongue

FOR:
Learning a new language apart from our mother tongue is very important. It helps us communicate with more people and understand different cultures. In today's global world, knowing multiple languages increases job opportunities and boosts confidence. It also improves brain skills like memory and problem-solving. Moreover, it allows us to travel easily and connect with people from different regions. Therefore, learning a new language is a valuable skill that benefits us in many ways.

AGAINST:

While learning a new language is useful, it is not always necessary. Our mother tongue is enough for communication in our daily lives. Learning another language takes time and effort, which can be used to develop other important skills. Also, not everyone has access to proper resources to learn new languages. In many cases, technology like translation apps can help us communicate without learning a new language. So, it is not essential for everyone to learn another language.

Topic 2: Learning can happen only when you are young

FOR:

Learning happens best when we are young because our minds are more active and flexible. Children can easily grasp new concepts, languages, and skills faster than adults. At a young age, we have fewer responsibilities and more time to focus on learning. Schools and teachers also guide us during this stage, making learning easier and structured. Therefore, youth is the most effective time for learning.

AGAINST:

Learning is a lifelong process and does not depend on age. People can learn new skills at any stage of life if they are determined. In fact, adults often learn better because they have experience, focus, and clear goals. Many successful people have achieved great things later in life by learning new skills. Age should not be a barrier to learning. Hence, learning can happen at any age.

Writing Task

I. As a socially responsible citizen, you strongly believe that students can contribute significantly in promoting adult literacy. Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper emphasising the importance of student participation in adult literacy camps conducted by various organisations. Discuss the benefits of such initiatives for both students and society. Suggest effective ways to spread awareness and encourage more students to volunteer for this noble cause.

A letter to the editor is a formal letter in which the writer gives suggestions and creates awareness on an issue of public interest or an issue already raised in an article/write-up/published letter.

Answer

Amit Kumar
Student, Class IX

The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi

10 April 2026

Subject: Importance Of Student Participation In Adult Literacy

Sir/Madam,

This is with reference to recent reports highlighting the issue of adult illiteracy in our country. As a concerned citizen, I would like to draw your attention towards the importance of student participation in adult literacy programmes conducted by various organisations. Despite progress, a large section of society still lacks basic reading and writing skills, which affects their confidence and opportunities.

The issue at hand affects both individuals and society as a whole. Illiteracy leads to unemployment, lack of awareness, and social inequality. It is imperative that we take collective responsibility to address this problem. Student involvement in literacy camps can bring positive change, as it not only helps adults become independent but also develops a sense of responsibility, empathy, and leadership among students.

A possible solution to this issue could be organising regular literacy camps in local communities and schools. Awareness campaigns through social media, workshops, and school initiatives can encourage more students to volunteer. Authorities could consider integrating such programmes into school activities. I trust this matter will be considered seriously for the benefit of all. I hope this letter gets published in the columns of your esteemed daily.

Yours truly,
Amit Kumar

Learning Beyond the Text

I. India has 22 major languages according to the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. Each language has its own unique identity. Talk to your classmates and teacher and complete the given table with words from any five Indian languages.

Answer

Relation	Kannada	Hindi	Tamil	Bengali	Telugu
Grandmother	Avva / Ajji	Nani / Dadi	Paatti	Dida / Thamma	Avva / Nannamma
Grandfather	Ajja / Tata	Nana / Dada	Thatha	Dadu / Thakurda	Thatha / Nannagaru
Mother	Amma / Avva	Maa / Amma	Amma	Ma / Maa	Amma
Father	Appa / Anna	Pitaji / Bapu	Appa	Baba	Nanna / Appa
Sister	Akka (elder) / Tangi (younger)	Didi / Behan	Akka (elder) / Thangai (younger)	Didi / Bon	Akka (elder) / Chelli (younger)
Brother	Anna (elder) / Tamma (younger)	Bhaiya / Bhai	Anna (elder) / Thambi (younger)	Dada / Bhai	Anna (elder) / Thammudu (younger)

Ganita Manjari Class 9 Maths New NCERT Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

2026-04-25T02:08:00.003+05:30

Ganita Manjari New NCERT Class 9 Maths Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

NCERT has introduced a new Mathematics textbook for Class 9 students for the academic session 2026–27. The name of the book is Ganita Manjari. On this page, you will find chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths based on the latest syllabus.

These solutions are designed as per the new curriculum and follow the updated pattern introduced by NCERT. With the launch of Ganita Manjari, NCERT focuses on building strong conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and real-life application of mathematical concepts.

The new textbook is aligned with the NCF-SE 2023 framework, which introduces updated Curricular Goals (CGs) and Competencies (Cs) to enhance students’ analytical thinking and practical approach towards Mathematics.

All solutions are explained in a simple and step-by-step manner, making it easier for students to understand concepts and prepare effectively for exams.

List of Chapters for class 9 Maths Ganita Majari Textbook Solutions

There are two books in class 9 Maths. One Ganita Manjari Part 1 and other one is Ganita Manjari Part 2. We have listed the chapters accordingly.

Ganita Manjari Part 1 Class 9 NCERT Solutions

There are total 8 chapters in Part 1 of Ganita Manjari Textbook of Class 9.

Chapter 1 Orienting Yourself: The Use of Coordinates
Chapter 2 Introduction to Linear Polynomials
Chapter 3 The World of Numbers
Chapter 4 Exploring Algebraic Identities
Chapter 5 I’m Up and Down, and Round and Round
Chapter 6 Measuring Space: Perimeter and Area
Chapter 7 The Mathematics of Maybe: Introduction to Probability
Chapter 8 Predicting What Comes Next: Exploring Sequences and Progressions

Class 9 Science New NCERT Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

2026-04-25T02:01:00.009+05:30

Exploration New NCERT Class 9 Science Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

NCERT has released new Science textbook for class 9 students from the session 2026-27. The name of the book is Exploration. We have listed all the chapters solutions from Exploration Science NCERT Textbook. This is completely based on new syllabus. With the introduction of new NCERT Science Textbook, NCERT aims to impart more of practical knowledge to the students. NCERT has introduced new Curricular Goals (CGs) and Competencies (Cs) from the NCF-SE 2023 for the students starting from session 2026-27.

List of Chapters for Science Exploration Textbook Solutions

We have listed all the chapters for class 9 new NCERT Textbook of Science. There are total 13 chapters in the class 9 science textbook.

Chapter 1 Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary Science
Chapter 2 Cell: The Building Block of Life
Chapter 3 Tissues in Action
Chapter 4 Describing Motion Around Us
Chapter 5 Exploring Mixtures and their Separation
Chapter 6 How Forces Affect Motion
Chapter 7 Work, Energy, and Simple Machines
Chapter 8 Journey Inside the Atom
Chapter 9 Atomic Foundations of Matter
Chapter 10 Sound Waves: Characteristics and Applications
Chapter 11 Reproduction: How Life Continue
Chapter 12 Patterns in Life: Diversity and Classification
Chapter 13 Earth as a System: Energy, Matter, and Life

Class 9 Maths New Textbook Solutions

Class 9 Ganga Hindi New NCERT Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

2026-04-10T16:48:00.008+05:30

गंगा New Hindi NCERT Class 9 Hindi Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

NCERT has released new Hindi textbook for class 9 students from the session 2026-27. The name of the book is Ganga. We have provided all NCERT Solutions for Hindi Ganga Class 9 Chapterwise so that you can find them easily. This is completely based on new syllabus. With the introduction of new NCERT Ganga Textbook, NCERT aims to impart more of practical knowledge to the students. NCERT has introduced new Curricular Goals (CGs) and Competencies (Cs) from the NCF-SE 2023 for the students starting from session 2026-27.

List of Chapters for Class 9 Hindi Textbook Solutions

There are two sections in the Class 9 Ganga Hindi textbooks. One is गद्य-खंड and another one is काव्य-खंड. We have listed all the chapters.

गद्य-खंड

दो बैलों की कथा
क्या लिखूँ?
संवादहीन
ऐसी भी बातें होती हैं
आखिरी चट्टान तक
रीढ़ की हड्डी
मैं और मेरा देश
निर्मल जीव सिंह ‘सेवा’ (साथ-साथ पढ़ें)

काव्य-खंड

रैदास के पद
राम-लक्ष्मण-परशुराम संवाद
भारति, जय, विजयकरे!
झाँसी की रानी
घर की याद
सब याद तुम्हारी आती हैं (साथ-साथ पढ़ें)

Class 9 Maths New Textbook Solutions

Class 9 Kaveri English New NCERT Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

2026-03-20T15:59:00.011+05:30

Kaveri New NCERT Class 9 English Textbook Solutions for 2026-27 Session

NCERT has released new English textbook for class 9 students from the session 2026-27. The name of the book is Kaveri. We have listed all the chapters solutions from Kaveri English NCERT Textbook. This is completely based on new syllabus. With the introduction of new NCERT English Textbook, NCERT aims to impart more of practical knowledge to the students. NCERT has introduced new Curricular Goals (CGs) and Competencies (Cs) from the NCF-SE 2023 for the students starting from session 2026-27.

List of Chapters for Kaveri Textbook Solutions

There are two sections in each chapter. One is prose and another one is poetry. We have listed all the chapters.

Chapter 1 How I Taught My Grandmother to Read
Bharat Our Land
Chapter 2 The Pot Maker
Gifts of Grace: Honouring Our Vocations
Chapter 3 Winds of Change
Canvas of Soil
Chapter 4 Vitamin-M
I Cannot Remember My Mother
Chapter 5 The World of Limitless Possibilities
Nine Gold Medals
Chapter 6 Twin Melodies
A Friend Found in Music
Chapter 7 Carrier of Words
Words
Chapter 8 Follow That Dream
Believe in Yourself