Subrata Pandey

Encyclopedia of Life - Animals - Plants - Pictures & Information

2015-11-29T14:59:00.001+05:30

http://www.eol.org

UNIQUE

2015-11-24T17:43:00.001+05:30

https://vxheaven.org

unique websites

2015-11-23T11:59:00.000+05:30

http://expirebox.com
http://temp-mail.org/en/

Favourite softwares

2015-11-20T02:07:00.001+05:30

My Wifi Router......httrack......foobar........nestopia......google photos......media drug..........srecorder

GREAT WEBSITES

2015-11-19T22:43:00.003+05:30

https://archive.org
en.gallerix.ru

ANDROID APPS made by ME

2015-10-07T08:38:00.001+05:30

APP1

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BOOKS

2015-10-02T20:37:00.003+05:30

VARIOUS TYPES OF BOOKS

PowerShell commands

2015-10-01T23:16:00.001+05:30

An A-Z Index of Windows PowerShell commands

        %                     Alias for ForEach-Object
        ?                     Alias for Where-Object
a
    Get-Acl                   Get permission settings for a file or registry key
    Set-Acl                   Set permissions
        Active Directory      Account, Computer, Group and User cmdlets
    Get-Alias           gal   Return alias names for Cmdlets
 Import-Alias          ipal   Import an alias list from a file
    New-Alias           nal   Create a new alias.
    Set-Alias           sal   Create or change an alias
   Get-AuthenticodeSignature  Get the signature object associated with a file
   Set-AuthenticodeSignature  Place a signature in a .ps1 script or other file
b
       Begin                  Function BEGIN block
       BITS                   Background Intelligent Transfer Service cmdlets
       Break                  Exit a program loop
c
     Catch                    Handle a terminating error within a scriptblock
   Set-Location  cd/chdir/sl  Set the current working location
   Get-ChildItem   dir/ls/gci Get child items (contents of a folder or registry key)
     Clear-Host    clear/cls  Clear the screen
     Clear-Item         cli   Remove content from a variable or an alias
       Get-Command      gcm   Retrieve basic information about a command
   Measure-Command            Measure running time
     Trace-Command            Trace an expression or command
        Add-Computer          Add a computer to the domain
 Checkpoint-Computer          Create a system restore point (XP)
     Remove-Computer          Remove the local computer from a workgroup or domain
    Restart-Computer          Restart the operating system on a computer
    Restore-Computer          Restore the computer to a previous state
       Stop-Computer          Stop (shut down) a computer
Reset-ComputerMachinePassword Reset the machine account password for the computer
 Test-ComputerSecureChannel   Test and repair the secure channel to the domain
     Add-Content         ac   Add to the content of the item
     Get-Content cat/type/gc  Get content from item (specific location)
     Set-Content         sc   Set content in the item (specific location)
   Clear-Content        clc   Remove content from a file/item
         Continue             Skip just this iteration of a loop
     Get-Command        gcm   Get basic information about cmdlets
  Invoke-Command        icm   Run command
   Enable-ComputerRestore     Enable System Restore on a drive
   Disable-ComputerRestore    Disable System Restore on a drive
  Get-ComputerRestorePoint    Get the restore points on the local computer
 Test-Connection              Ping one or more computers
   ConvertFrom-CSV            Convert object properties (in CSV format) into CSV objects
   ConvertTo-CSV              Convert .NET Framework objects into CSV variable-length strings
   ConvertTo-Html             Convert the input into an HTML table
   ConvertTo-Xml              Convert the input into XML
   ConvertFrom-SecureString   Convert a secure string into an encrypted standard string
   ConvertTo-SecureString     Convert an encrypted standard string into a secure string
   Copy-Item     copy/cp/ci   Copy an item from a namespace location
   Export-Counter             Export Performance Counter data to log files
      Get-Counter             Get performance counter data
   Import-Counter             Import performance counter log files
   Get-Credential             Get a security credential (username/password)
   Get-Culture                Get region information (language and keyboard layout)
d
   Get-ChildItem   Dir/ls/gci Get child items (contents of a folder or registry key)
   Get-Date                   Get current date and time
   Set-Date                   Set system time on the host system
   Remove-Item  Del/erase/rd/rm/rmdir   Delete an item
   Compare-Object diff/compare   Compare the properties of objects
   Do                         Loop while a condition is True
     Get-DscConfiguration     Get the current config. of a node
     Get-DscLocalConfigurationManager   Get Local Config Manager settings
     Get-DscResource          Get Desired State Config. resources from a computer
     New-DSCCheckSum          Create checksum files for DSC docs/resources
   Start-DscConfiguration     Apply Desired State config to nodes
e
         End                  Function END block
     Get-Event                Get events in the PowerShell event queue
     New-Event                Create a new event
  Remove-Event                Delete events from the event queue
 Unregister-Event             Cancel an event subscription
    Wait-Event                Wait until a particular event is raised
   Clear-EventLog             Delete all entries from an event log
     Get-Eventlog             Get event log data (2003)
   Limit-EventLog             Limit the size of the event log
     New-Eventlog             Create a new event log and a new event source
  Remove-EventLog             Delete an event log
    Show-EventLog             Display an event log
   Write-EventLog             Write an event to an event log
     Get-WinEvent             Get event log data (Vista+)
   Get-EventSubscriber        Get event subscribers
Register-EngineEvent          Subscribe to PowerShell events
Register-ObjectEvent          Subscribe to .NET events
   Register-WmiEvent          Subscribe to a WMI event
   Get-ExecutionPolicy        Get the execution policy for the shell
   Set-ExecutionPolicy        Change the execution policy (user preference)
   Export-Alias         epal  Export an alias list to a file
   Export-Clixml              Produce a clixml representation of PowerShell objects
   Export-Console             Export console configuration to a file
   Export-Csv          epcsv  Export to Comma Separated Values (spreadsheet)
   Exit-PSSession       Exit  Exit PowerShell (or exit a script)
f
   -F operator                Format operator
   ForEach-Object    foreach  Loop through each item in the pipeline ( % )
   ForEach                    Loop through each item in a collection
   For                        Loop through items that match a condition
   Format-Custom         fc   Format output using a customized view
   Format-List           fl   Format output as a list of properties, each on a new line
   Format-Table          ft   Format output as a table
   Format-Wide           fw   Format output as a table listing one property only
  Export-FormatData           Save formatting data from the current session 
     Get-FormatData           Get the formatting data in the current session
g
   Get-Item              gi   Get a file/registry object (or any other namespace object)
   Get-ChildItem   dir/ls/gci Get child items (contents of a folder or registry key)
h
   Get-Help            help   Open the help file
     Add-History              Add entries to the session history
   Clear-History       clhy   Delete entries from the session history
     Get-History  history/h/ghy Get a listing of the session history
  Invoke-History     r/ihy    Invoke a previously executed Cmdlet
     Get-Host                 Get host information (PowerShell Version and Region)
   Clear-Host      clear/cls  Clear the screen
    Read-Host                 Read a line of input from the host console
   Write-Host                 Write customized output to the host/screen
     Get-HotFix               Get Installed hotfixes
i
   if                         Conditionally perform a command
   Import-Clixml              Import a clixml file and rebuild the PS object
   Import-Csv         ipcsv   Take values from a CSV list and send objects down the pipeline
   Invoke-Command             Run commands on local and remote computers
   Invoke-Expression    iex   Run a PowerShell expression
      Get-Item           gi   Get a file object or get a registry (or other namespace) object
   Invoke-Item           ii   Invoke an executable or open a file (START)
      New-Item   md/mkdir/ni  Create a new item in a namespace
   Remove-Item  rm/del/erase/rd/ri/rmdir   Remove an item
      Set-Item           si   Change the value of an item
    Clear-ItemProperty  clp   Remove the property value from a property
     Copy-ItemProperty  cpp   Copy a property along with it's value
      Get-ItemProperty   gp   Retrieve the properties of an object
     Move-ItemProperty   mp   Move a property from one location to another
      New-ItemProperty        Set a new property
   Remove-ItemProperty   rp   Remove a property and its value
   Rename-ItemProperty  rnp   Renames a property at its location
      Set-ItemProperty   sp   Set a property at the specified location to a specified value
j
       Get-Job          gjb   Get PowerShell background jobs that are running
   Receive-Job         rcjb   Get PowerShell background job results
    Remove-Job          rjb   Delete a PowerShell background job
     Start-Job         sajb   Start a PowerShell background job
      Stop-Job         spjb   Stop a PowerShell background job
      Wait-Job          wjb   Wait for a background job
   Job Trigger cmdlets        Get/Set Scheduled job triggers
k
   Stop-Process    kill/spps  Stop a running process
l
Update-List                   Add and remove items from a collection
   Get-Location    pwd / gl   Get and display the current location
   Pop-Location        popd   Set the current working location from the stack
  Push-Location       pushd   Push a location to the stack
   Set-Location  cd/chdir/sl  Set the current working location
m
  Send-MailMessage            Send an email message
   Add-Member                 Add a member to an instance of a PowerShell object
   Get-Member            gm   Enumerate the properties of an object
    Get-Module          gmo   Get the modules imported to the session
 Import-Module         ipmo   Add a module to the session
    New-Module          nmo   Create a new dynamic module (only in memory)
 Remove-Module          rmo   Remove a module from the current session
 Export-ModuleMember          Export specific module members
   Move-Item      mv/move/mi  Move an item from one location to another
o
  Compare-Object diff/compare Compare the properties of objects
    Group-Object       group  Group objects that contain the same value
  Measure-Object              Measure the properties of an object
      New-Object              Create a new .Net object
   Select-Object      select  Select properties of objects
     Sort-Object        sort  Sort objects by property value
    Where-Object              Filter the objects passed along the command pipeline
   Out-Default                Send output to default
   Out-File                   Send output to a file
   Out-GridView         ogv   Send output to an interactive table
   Out-Host              oh   Send output to the host
   Out-Null                   Send output to null
   Out-Printer           lp   Send the output to a printer
   Out-String                 Send objects to the host as strings
p
           Param              Script Parameters
           Pause              Pause and display the message "Press Enter to continue"
           Powershell         Launch a PowerShell session
   Convert-Path        cvpa   Convert a ps path to a provider path
      Join-Path               Combine a path and child-path
   Resolve-Path        rvpa   Resolves the wildcards in a path
     Split-Path               Return part of a path
      Test-Path               Return true if the path exists, otherwise return false
 Get-Pfxcertificate         Get pfx certificate information
    Pop-Location       popd   Set the current working location from the stack
   Push-Location      pushd   Push a location to the stack
         Process              Function PROCESS block
     Get-Process     ps/gps   Get a list of processes on a machine
   Debug-Process              Attach a debugger to a running process
   Start-Process  start/saps  Start one or more processes
    Stop-Process   kill/spps  Stop a running process
    Wait-Process              Wait for a process to stop
   Enable-PSBreakpoint  ebp   Enable a breakpoint in the current console
  Disable-PSBreakpoint  dbp   Disable a breakpoint in the current console
      Get-PSBreakpoint  gbp   Get the currently set breakpoints
      Set-PSBreakpoint  sbp   Set a breakpoint on a line, command, or variable
   Remove-PSBreakpoint  rbp   Delete breakpoints from the current console
      Get-PSDrive       gdr   Get drive information (DriveInfo)
      New-PSDrive   mount/ndr Create a mapped network drive.
   Remove-PSDrive       rdr   Remove a provider/drive from its location
      Get-PSProvider          Get information for the specified provider
      Set-PSdebug             Turn script debugging on or off
    Enter-PSSession  etsn     Start an interactive session with a remote computer
     Exit-PSSession  exsn     End an interactive session with a remote computer
   Export-PSSession  epsn     Import commands and save them in a PowerShell module
      Get-PSSession   gsn     Get the PSSessions in the current session
   Import-PSSession  ipsn     Import commands from another session
      New-PSSession   nsn     Create a persistent connection to a local or remote computer
   Remove-PSSession   rsn     Close PowerShell sessions
    Disable-PSSessionConfiguration  Deny access to PS session configuration
     Enable-PSSessionConfiguration  Enable PS session configuration
        Get-PSSessionConfiguration  Get the registered PS session configuration
   Register-PSSessionConfiguration  Create and register a new PS session configuration
        Set-PSSessionConfiguration  Change properties of a registered session configuration
 Unregister-PSSessionConfiguration  Delete registered PS session configuration
        New-PSSessionOption         Advanced options for a PSSession
   Add-PsSnapIn        asnp   Add snap-ins to the console
   Get-PsSnapin        gsnp   List PowerShell snap-ins on this computer
   Remove-PSSnapin     rsnp   Remove PowerShell snap-ins from the console
q
   Quest AD cmdlets           Read and write to Active Directory
r
   Get-Random                 Get a random number
   Read-Host                  Read a line of input from the host console
   Remove-Item  rm/del/erase/rd/ri/rmdir   Remove an item
   Rename-Item      ren/rni   Change the name of an existing item
   Rename-ItemProperty        Rename a property of an item
   Return                     Exit the current scope, (function, script, or script block)
   Run/Call             &     Run a command (call operator)
s
   Scheduler cmdlets          Get/Set scheduled jobs
   Select-Object     select   Select properties of objects
   Select-XML                 Find text in an XML string or document
   Send-MailMessage           Send an email message
       Get-Service      gsv   Get a list of services
       New-Service            Create a new service
   Restart-Service            Stop and then restart a service
    Resume-Service            Resume a suspended service
       Set-Service            Change the start mode/properties of a service
     Start-Service     sasv   Start a stopped service
      Stop-Service     spsv   Stop a running service
   Suspend-Service            Suspend a running service
   Sort-Object         sort   Sort objects by property value
   Set-StrictMode             Enforce coding rules in expressions & scripts
   Start-Sleep        sleep   Suspend shell, script, or runspace activity
   Switch                     Multiple if statements
   ConvertFrom-StringData     Convert a here-string into a hash table
   Select-String              Search through strings or files for patterns
t
   Tee-Object           tee   Send input objects to two places
   New-Timespan               Create a timespan object
   Trace-Command              Trace an expression or command
   Get-Tracesource            Get components that are instrumented for tracing.
   Set-Tracesource            Trace a PowerShell component
     Start-Transaction        Start a new transaction 
  Complete-Transaction        Commit the transaction
       Get-Transaction        Get information about the active transaction
       Use-Transaction        Add a command or expression to the transaction
      Undo-Transaction        Roll back a transaction
   Start-Transcript           Start a transcript of a command shell session
    Stop-Transcript           Stop the transcription process
         Trap                 Handle a terminating error
         Try ... Catch        Handle a terminating error within a scriptblock
     Add-Type                 Add a .NET Framework type to a PowerShell session
   Update-TypeData            Update extended type configuration
u
   Get-Uiculture              Get the ui culture information
   Get-Unique            gu   Get the unique items in a collection
    Update-Formatdata         Update and append format data files
    Update-Help               Download and install help files
    Update-Typedata           Update the current extended type configuration
v
   Clear-Variable       clv   Remove the value from a variable
     Get-Variable        gv   Get a PowerShell variable
     New-Variable        nv   Create a new variable
  Remove-Variable        rv   Remove a variable and its value
     Set-Variable    set/sv   Set a variable and a value
w
Checkpoint-WebApplicationMonitoring Create a checkpoint for an IIS web app
 Get-WebApplicationMonitoringStatus Get the monitoring status of web apps
 New-WebServiceProxy          Create a Web service proxy object
   Where-Object      where/?  Filter input from the pipeline
   Where                      Filter objects from the pipeline
   While                      Loop while a condition is True
 Add-WindowsFeature           Install roles, role services, and features
 Get-WindowsFeature           Retrieve roles, role services, and features
 Remove-WindowsFeature        Remove roles, role services, and features
   Write-Debug                Write a debug message to the host display
   Write-Error                Write an object to the error pipeline
   Write-Host                 Display text on screen
   Write-Output   write/echo  Write an object to the pipeline
   Write-Progress             Display a progress bar
   Write-Verbose              Write a string to the host's verbose display
   Write-Warning              Write a string in reverse video to the display
    Set-WmiInstance           Create or update an instance of an existing WMI class
 Invoke-WmiMethod      iwmi   Call WMI methods
    Get-WmiObject      gwmi   Get WMI class information
 Remove-WmiObject      rwmi   Delete an instance of a WMI class
    Connect-WSMan             Connect to the WinRM service on a remote computer
 Disconnect-WSMan             Disconnect from the WinRM service on a remote computer
       Test-WSMan             Test whether the WinRM service is running
  Invoke-WSManAction          Invoke an action on a specified object
 Disable-WSManCredSSP         Disable Credential Security Service Provider (SSP) authentication
  Enable-WSManCredSSP         Enable Credential SSP authentication
     Get-WSManCredSSP         Get the Credential SSP configuration
   New-WSManInstance          Create a new instance of a management resource
   Get-WSManInstance          Display management information (XML or value)
   Set-WSManInstance          Modify the management information related to a resource
Remove-WSManInstance          Delete a management resource instance
   Set-WSManQuickConfig       Configure the local computer for remote management
   New-WSManSessionOption     Options for WSMan commands
   Zipfile                    Compress or Extract zip files
       #                      Comment / Remark
       . (source)             Run a command script in the current shell
       & (call)               Run a command, script or function
       %                      Alias for ForEach-Object
       --%                    Stop parsing input
       ?                      Alias for Where-Object
       $variable = "value"    Define a variable  also: ${n!a#me} = "value"
       $_                     The current pipeline object 
       @(...)                 Force an expression to be evaluated as an array

The cmdlets on this page are listed in A-Z order, matching either the Verb- or -Noun or Alias of the cmdlet (some are listed more than once). In addition to the above, PowerShell can also run all the standard CMD commands (apart from internal commands), plus VBScript and Resource kit utilities. Call batch files with CMD.exe and VBScripts with cscript.
Microsoft: PowerShell 5.0 cmdlets, core cmdlets, Windows 2008 R2 cmdlets... more optional cmdlets.
Discussion forum
Links to other websites & books

VBSCRIPT

2015-10-01T23:14:00.002+05:30

VBScript - Syntax

Your First VBScript

Let us write a VBScript to print out "Hello World".

<html>
<body>
<script language="vbscript" type="text/vbscript">
   document.write("Hello World!")
</script>
</body>
</html>

In the above example, we called a function document.write, which writes a string into the HTML document. This function can be used to write text, HTML or both. So, above code will display following result:

Hello World!

Whitespace and Line Breaks

VBScript ignores spaces, tabs and newlines that appear within VBScript programs.
Because one can use spaces, tabs and newlines freely within the program so you are free to format and indent your programs in a neat and consistent way that makes the code easy to read and understand.

Formatting

VBScript is based on Microsoft's Visual Basic. Unlike JavaScript, no statement terminators such as semicolon is used to terminate a particular statement.

Single Line Syntax

Colons are used when two or more lines of VBScript ought to be written in a single line. Hence, in VBScript, Colons act as a line separator.

<script language="vbscript" type="text/vbscript">
  var1 = 10 : var2 = 20
</script>

Multiple Line Syntax

When a statement in VBScript is lengthy and if user wishes to break it into multiple lines, then the user has to use underscore "_".
This improves the readability of the code. The following example illustrates how to work with multiple lines.

<script language="vbscript" type="text/vbscript">
  var1 = 10 
  var2 = 20
  Sum = var1 + var2  
  document.write("The Sum of two numbers"&_
  "var1 and var2 is " & Sum)
</script>

Reserved Words

The following list shows the reserved words in VBscripting. These reserved words SHOULD NOT be used as a constant or variable or any other identifier names.

Loop	LSet	Me
Mod	New	Next
Not	Nothing	Null
On	Option	Optional
Or	ParamArray	Preserve
Private	Public	RaiseEvent
ReDim	Rem	Resume
RSet	Select	Set
Shared	Single	Static
Stop	Sub	Then
To	True	Type
And	As	Boolean
ByRef	Byte	ByVal
Call	Case	Class
Const	Currency	Debug
Dim	Do	Double
Each	Else	ElseIf
Empty	End	EndIf
Enum	Eqv	Event
Exit	False	For
Function	Get	GoTo
If	Imp	Implements
In	Integer	Is
Let	Like	Long
TypeOf	Until	Variant
Wend	While	With
Xor	Eval	Execute
Msgbox	Erase	ExecuteGlobal
Option Explicit	Randomize	SendKeys

Case Sensitivity

VBScript is a case-insensitive language. This means that language keywords, variables, function names and any other identifiers need NOT be typed with a consistent capitalization of letters.
So identifiers int_counter, INT_Counter and INT_COUNTER have the same meaning within VBScript.

Comments in VBScript

Comments are used to document the program logic and the user information with which other programmers can seamlessly work on the same code in future.
It can include information such as developed by, modified by and it can also include incorporated logic. Comments are ignored by the interpreter while execution.
Comments in VBScript are denoted by two methods.
1. Any statement that starts with a Single Quote (‘) is treated as comment. Following is the example:

<script language="vbscript" type="text/vbscript">
<!—
  ' This Script is invoked after successful login
  ' Written by : TutorialsPoint
  ' Return Value : True / False
//- >
</script>

2. Any statement that starts with the keyword “REM”. Following is the example:

<script language="vbscript" type="text/vbscript">
<!—
  REM This Script is written to Validate the Entered Input
  REM Modified by  : Tutorials point/user2
//- >
</script>

PDF

CMD COMMANDS_1

2015-10-01T23:10:00.002+05:30

15 CMD Commands Every Windows User Should Know

Written by Matt Smith July 25, 2014

Microsoft has slowly but surely pushed the command line aside in the Windows interface. This is not without reason, as it’s an antiquated and mostly unnecessary tool from an era of text-based input that has long passed.
But there still are some commands that remain useful, and Windows 8 even added new features. Here are the commands every Windows user needs to know.
In case you’re not sure how to access the command prompt, forgot basic commands, or would like to know how to see a list of switches for each command, you can refer to our beginners guide to the Windows command line for instructions.

ASSOC

Most files in Windows are associated with a specific program that is assigned to open the file by default. At times, remembering these associations can become confusing. You can remind yourself by entering the command “assoc” to display a full list of file extensions and the programs they’re connected with.
You can also extend the command to change file associations. For example, “assoc .txt=” will change the file association for text files to whatever program you enter after the equal sign. The ASSOC command itself will reveal both the extension names and program names, which will help you properly use this command. You can probably do this more easily in the GUI, but the command line interface is a perfectly functional alternative.

Cipher

Deleting files on a mechanical hard drive doesn’t really delete them at all. Instead, it marks the files as no longer accessible and the space they took up as free. The files remain recoverable until they’re overwritten with new data, which can take some time.
The cipher command, however, can be used to wipe a directory by writing random data to it. To wipe your C drive, for example, you’d use the command “cipher /w:c”, which will wipe free space on the drive. The command does not overwrite undeleted data, so you will not wipe out files you need by running this command.
There’s also a host of other cipher commands, however, they are generally redundant with Bitlocker enabled versions of Windows.

Driverquery

Drivers remain among the most important software installed on a PC. Improperly configured or missing drivers can cause all sorts of trouble, so its good to have access to a list of what’s on your PC. That’s exactly what the “driverquery” command does. You can extend it to “driverquery -v” to obtain more information including the directory in which the driver is installed.

File Compare

This command can be used to identify differences in text between two files, and is particularly useful for writers and programmers trying to find small changes between two versions of a file. Simply type “fc” and then the directory path and file name of the two files you want to compare.

You can also extend the command in several ways. Typing “/b” compares only binary output, “/c” disregards the case of text in the comparison, and “/l” only compares ASCII text.
So, for example, you could use the following:
fc /l "C:\Program Files (x86)\example1.doc" "C:\Program Files (x86)\example2.doc"
to compare ASCII text in two word documents.

Ipconfig

This command relays the IP address that your computer is currently using. However, if you’re behind a router (like most computers today), you’ll instead receive the local network address of the router.
Still, ipconfig is useful because of its extensions. “ipconfig /release” followed by “ipconfig /renew” can force your Windows PC into asking for a new IP address, which is useful if your computer claims one isn’t available. You can also use “ipconfig /flushdns” to refresh your DNS address. These commands are great if the Windows network troubleshooter chokes, which does happen on occasion.

Netstat

Entering the command “netstat -an” will provide you with a list of currently open ports and related IP addresses. You’ll also be told what state the port is in – listening, established or closed. This is a great command if you’re trying to troubleshoot the devices your PC is connected to or you’re afraid you’re infected with a Trojan and are trying to locate a malicious connection.

Ping

Sometimes, you need to know whether or not packets are making it to a specific networked device. That’s where ping comes in handy. Typing “ping” followed by an IP address or web domain will send a series of test packets to the specified address. If they arrive and are returned, you know the device is capable of communicating with your PC; if it fails, you know that there’s something blocking communication between the device and your computer. This can help you decide if an issue is caused by improper configuration or a failure of network hardware.

Pathping

This is a more advanced version of ping that’s useful if there are multiple routers between your PC and the device you’re testing. Like ping, you use this command by typing “pathping” followed by the IP address, but unlike ping, pathping also relays some information about the route the test packets take.

Tracert

The “tracert” command is similar to pathping. Once again, type “tracert” followed by the IP address or domain you’d like to trace. You’ll receive information about each step in the route between your PC and the target. Unlike pathping, however, tracert also tracks how much time (in milliseconds) each hop between servers or devices takes.

Powercfg

Powercfg is a very powerful command for managing and tracking how your computer uses energy. You can use the command “powercfg /hibernate on” and “powercfg /hibernate off” to manage hibernation, and you can also use the command “powercfg /a” to view the power-saving states currently available on your PC.
Another useful command is “powercfg /devicequery s1_supported” which displays a list of devices on your computer that support connected standby. When enabled, these devices can be used to bring your computer out of standby – even remotely. You can enable this by selecting the device in Device Manager, opening its properties, going to the Power Management tab and then checking the “Allow this device to wake the computer” box.
“Powercfg /lastwake” will show you what device last woke your PC from a sleep state. You can use this command to troubleshoot your PC if it seems to wake from sleep at random.

The “powercfg /energy” command can be used to build a detailed power consumption report for your PC, which is output to a directory indicated after the command finishes. This report will let you know of any system faults that might increase power consumption, like devices that are blocking certain sleep modes, or which aren’t properly configured to respond to your power management settings.
Windows 8 added “powercfg /batteryreport”, which provides a detailed analysis of battery use, if applicable. Normally output to your Windows user directory, the report provides details about the time and length of charge and discharge cycles, lifetime average battery life, and estimated battery capacity.

Shutdown

As of Windows 8/8.1 there is now a shutdown command that – you guessed it! – shuts down your computer. This is of course redundant with the already easily accessed shutdown button, but what’s not redundant is the “shutdown /r /o” command, which restarts your PC and launches the Advanced Start Options menu, which is where you can access Safe Mode and Windows recovery utilities. This is useful if you want to restart your computer for troubleshooting purposes.

System File Checker

System File Checker is an automatic scan and repair tool that focuses on Windows system files. You will need to run the command prompt with administrator privileges and enter the command “sfc /scannow”. If any corrupt or missing files are found, they’ll be automatically replaced using cached copies kept by Windows for just that purpose. The command can require a half-hour to run on older notebooks.

Recovery Image

Virtually all Windows 8/8.1 computers ship from the factory with a recovery image, but the image may include bloatware you’d rather not have re-installed. Once you’ve un-installed the software you can create a new image using the “recimg” command. Entering this command presents a very detailed explanation of how to use it. You must have administrator privileges to use the recimg command, and you can only access the custom recovery image you create via the Windows 8 “refresh” feature.

Tasklist

The “tasklist” command can be used to provide a current list of all tasks running on your PC. Though somewhat redundant with Task Manager, the command may sometimes find tasks hidden from view in that utility.

There’s also a wide range of modifiers. “Tasklist -svc” shows services related to each task, “tasklist -v” can be used to obtain more detail on each task, and “tasklist -m” can be used to locate .dll files associated with active tasks. These commands are useful for advanced troubleshooting.

Taskkill

Tasks that appear in the “tasklist” command will have an executable and process ID (a four-digit number) associated with them. You can force stop a program using “taskkill -im” followed by the executable’s name, or “taskkill -pid” followed by the process ID. Again, this is a bit redundant with Task Manager, but may be used to kill otherwise unresponsive or hidden programs.

Conclusion

This article doesn’t cover every Windows command available. There are literally hundreds of them when all variables are included. Most, however, are no longer useful because they’ve been replaced by more convenient menus in the Windows GUI or simply aren’t commonly used (telnet, for example).
You can check out our Windows command cheat sheet for an expanded list or download Microsoft’s command line reference guide for advanced support and troubleshooting.
Which commands do you find yourself using frequently?

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Write a Comment

GuccizBud

6 April, 2015

Very useful list?;??I took the ones I like the most and documented them in a file of my own for later reference.
?One thing, though?:? I’m not sure why you’re under the impression the Shutdown command exists “as of Windows 8/8.1″. It’s that very same Shutdown routine that the OS itself has been invoking every time a user logged off, powered down, or restarted his system since *at least* Windows XP.? I can’t recall before that, but for all I know it was around before then too.? But I can absolutely confirm its existence since XP since I’ve been using it since then to log off, power down, or restart my system through keyboard shortcuts assigned to “.cmd” scripts that use the Shutdown command.? So for example one can create a text file called “reboot.cmd” containing the one line “shutdown /r /t 10″, create a shortcut to “reboot.cmd” and store it in his personal ?%?appdata?%? Start Menu folder, and associate the keyboard shortcut ?Ctrl+Shift+R? (for example) to that shortcut.? Now whenever he does ?Ctrl+Shift+R? his computer will power down and restart after a 10 second delay.? I’ve been doing that kind of thing since XP.
?Other than that though, highly useful piece, like I said.
- Phill Heath
  
  6 August, 2015
  
  yeah the shutdown command is quite a useful one, i didn’t make use of it when i was using XP, although in win 7 there is the task scheduler, if i was say downloading something that was going to take a few hours like a game update or a whole client and I wanted to go to sleep, you can set a ‘/shutdown /s’ task to fire at a specific time and have your pc turn off instead of staying on until you wake up.
jimtech

19 March, 2015

it good to make this
Derek

6 March, 2015

Is there a command to check how long a program has been running? sorry if I missed it in the original post, new to running things from the cmd.
Gr3nD

3 March, 2015

I Just Know Hacking Another Pc ON My Network.. By Type ‘shutdown -i’ but.. i cant to shut to diferent network… And I Want Talk Something Too. How To Control Another PC… I Mean Like Open Files… Like 100% Controling
- Krutik Shah
  
  27 August, 2015
  
  that’s extremely illegal and you will most likely be sent to jail.. and thats coming from a guy who pirates..
N. Cognito

1 September, 2014

I use it to stop unnecessary programs from loading at startup.

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CMD CODES

2015-10-01T23:08:00.003+05:30

An A-Z Index of the Windows CMD command line

   ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
   ADmodcmd Active Directory Bulk Modify
   ARP      Address Resolution Protocol
   ASSOC    Change file extension associations•
   ASSOCIAT One step file association
   AT       Schedule a command to run at a specific time
   ATTRIB   Change file attributes
b
   BCDBOOT  Create or repair a system partition
   BCDEDIT  Manage Boot Configuration Data
   BITSADMIN Background Intelligent Transfer Service
   BOOTCFG  Edit Windows boot settings
   BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
c
   CACLS    Change file permissions
   CALL     Call one batch program from another•
   CERTREQ  Request certificate from a certification authority
   CERTUTIL Utility for certification authority (CA) files and services
   CD       Change Directory - move to a specific Folder•
   CHANGE   Change Terminal Server Session properties
   CHKDSK   Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
   CHKNTFS  Check the NTFS file system
   CHOICE   Accept keyboard input to a batch file
   CIPHER   Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
   CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
   CLIP     Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard
   CLS      Clear the screen•
   CMD      Start a new CMD shell
   CMDKEY   Manage stored usernames/passwords
   COLOR    Change colors of the CMD window•
   COMP     Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
   COMPACT  Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
   COMPRESS Compress one or more files
   CONVERT  Convert a FAT drive to NTFS
   COPY     Copy one or more files to another location•
   Coreinfo Show the mapping between logical & physical processors
   CSCcmd   Client-side caching (Offline Files)
   CSVDE    Import or Export Active Directory data 
d
   DATE     Display or set the date•
   DEFRAG   Defragment hard drive
   DEL      Delete one or more files•
   DELPROF  Delete user profiles
   DELTREE  Delete a folder and all subfolders
   DevCon   Device Manager Command Line Utility 
   DIR      Display a list of files and folders•
   DIRQUOTA File Server Resource Manager Disk quotas
   DIRUSE   Display disk usage
   DISKPART Disk Administration
   DISKSHADOW Volume Shadow Copy Service
   DISKUSE  Show the space used in folders
   DOSKEY   Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
   DriverQuery Display installed device drivers
   DSACLs   Active Directory ACLs
   DSAdd    Add items to active directory (user group computer) 
   DSGet    View items in active directory (user group computer)
   DSQuery  Search for items in active directory (user group computer)
   DSMod    Modify items in active directory (user group computer)
   DSMove   Move an Active directory Object
   DSRM     Remove items from Active Directory
e
   ECHO     Display message on screen•
   ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file•
   ERASE    Delete one or more files•
   EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log
   EXIT     Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel•
   EXPAND   Uncompress CAB files
   EXTRACT  Uncompress CAB files
f
   FC       Compare two files
   FIND     Search for a text string in a file
   FINDSTR  Search for strings in files
   FOR /F   Loop command: against a set of files•
   FOR /F   Loop command: against the results of another command•
   FOR      Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List•
   FORFILES Batch process multiple files
   FORMAT   Format a disk
   FREEDISK Check free disk space
   FSUTIL   File and Volume utilities
   FTP      File Transfer Protocol
   FTYPE    File extension file type associations•
g
   GETMAC   Display the Media Access Control (MAC) address
   GOTO     Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line•
   GPRESULT Display Resultant Set of Policy information
   GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings
h
   HELP     Online Help
   HOSTNAME Display the host name of the computer
i
   iCACLS   Change file and folder permissions
   IEXPRESS Create a self extracting ZIP file archive
   IF       Conditionally perform a command•
   IFMEMBER Is the current user a member of a group
   IPCONFIG Configure IP
   INUSE    Replace files that are in use by the OS
l
   LABEL    Edit a disk label
   LODCTR   Load PerfMon performance counters
   LOGMAN   Manage Performance Monitor logs
   LOGOFF   Log a user off
   LOGTIME  Log the date and time in a file
m
   MAKECAB  Create .CAB files
   MAPISEND Send email from the command line
   MBSAcli  Baseline Security Analyzer
   MEM      Display memory usage
   MD       Create new folders•
   MKLINK   Create a symbolic link (linkd) •
   MODE     Configure a system device COM/LPT/CON
   MORE     Display output, one screen at a time
   MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
   MOVE     Move files from one folder to another•
   MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
   MSG      Send a message
   MSIEXEC  Microsoft Windows Installer
   MSINFO32 System Information
   MSTSC    Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
n
   NET      Manage network resources
   NETDOM   Domain Manager
   NETSH    Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote access
   NBTSTAT  Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
   NETSTAT  Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
   NLSINFO  Display locale information (reskit).
   NLTEST   Network Location Test (AD)
   NOW      Display the current Date and Time 
   NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
   NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
   NTDSUtil Active Directory Domain Services management
   NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
   NVSPBIND Modify network bindings
o
   OPENFILES Query or display open files
p
   PATH     Display or set a search path for executable files•
   PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
   PAUSE    Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message•
   PERMS    Show permissions for a user
   PERFMON  Performance Monitor
   PING     Test a network connection
   POPD     Return to a previous directory saved by PUSHD•
   PORTQRY  Display the status of ports and services
   POWERCFG Configure power settings
   PRINT    Print a text file
   PRINTBRM Print queue Backup/Recovery
   PRNCNFG  Configure or rename a printer
   PRNMNGR  Add, delete, list printers and printer connections
   ProcDump Monitor an application for CPU spikes
   PROMPT   Change the command prompt•
   PsExec     Execute process remotely
   PsFile     Show files opened remotely
   PsGetSid   Display the SID of a computer or a user
   PsInfo     List information about a system
   PsKill     Kill processes by name or process ID
   PsList     List detailed information about processes
   PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
   PsLogList  Event log records
   PsPasswd   Change account password
   PsPing     Measure network performance
   PsService  View and control services
   PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
   PsSuspend  Suspend processes
   PUSHD    Save and then change the current directory•
q
   QGREP    Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
   Query Process / QPROCESS  Display processes
   Query Session / QWinsta   Display all sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
   Query TermServer /QAppSrv List all servers (TS/Remote Desktop)
   Query User    / QUSER     Display user sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
r
   RASDIAL  Manage RAS connections
   RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
   RECOVER  Recover a damaged file from a defective disk
   REG      Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
   REGEDIT  Import or export registry settings
   REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
   REGINI   Change Registry Permissions
   REM      Record comments (remarks) in a batch file•
   REN      Rename a file or files•
   REPLACE  Replace or update one file with another
   Reset Session  Delete a Remote Desktop Session
   RD       Delete folder(s)•
   RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
   ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
   ROUTE    Manipulate network routing tables
   RUN      Start | RUN commands
   RUNAS    Execute a program under a different user account
   RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

s
   SC       Service Control
   SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time
   SET      Display, set, or remove session environment variables•
   SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables•
   SetSPN   Edit Service Principal Names
   SETX     Set environment variables
   SFC      System File Checker 
   SHARE    List or edit a file share or print share
   ShellRunAs Run a command under a different user account
   SHIFT    Shift the position of batch file parameters•
   SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
   SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
   SLEEP    Wait for x seconds
   SLMGR    Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)
   SORT     Sort input
   START    Start a program, command or batch file•
   STRINGS  Search for ANSI and UNICODE strings in binary files
   SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
   SUBST    Associate a path with a drive letter
   SYSMON   Monitor and log system activity to the Windows event log
   SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
t
   TAKEOWN  Take ownership of a file
   TASKLIST List running applications and services
   TASKKILL End a running process
   TELNET   Communicate with another host using the TELNET protocol
   TIME     Display or set the system time•
   TIMEOUT  Delay processing of a batch file
   TITLE    Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session•
   TLIST    Task list with full path
   TOUCH    Change file timestamps    
   TRACERT  Trace route to a remote host
   TREE     Graphical display of folder structure
   TSDISCON Disconnect a Remote Desktop Session
   TSKILL   End a running process
   TSSHUTDN Remotely shut down or reboot a terminal server
   TYPE     Display the contents of a text file•
   TypePerf Write performance data to a log file
   TZUTIL   Time Zone Utility
v
   VER      Display version information•
   VERIFY   Verify that files have been saved•
   VOL      Display a disk label•
w
   W32TM    Time Service
   WAITFOR  Wait for or send a signal
   WEVTUTIL Clear event logs, enable/disable/query logs
   WHERE    Locate and display files in a directory tree
   WHOAMI   Output the current UserName and domain
   WINDIFF  Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
   WINRM    Windows Remote Management
   WINRS    Windows Remote Shell
   WMIC     WMI Commands
   WUAUCLT  Windows Update
x
   XCACLS   Change file and folder permissions
   XCOPY    Copy files and folders
   ::       Comment / Remark•

Commands marked • are Internal commands only available within the CMD shell.
All other commands (not marked with •) are external commands.
External commands may be used under the CMD shell, PowerShell, or directly from START-RUN.
See also: a categorized list of Windows CMD commands
Microsoft Help pages: XP , 2003 Server, 2008 Server, Windows 7/Server 2012 / Technology
Discussion forum
Links to other sites, books etc...

Opera Shortcuts

2015-10-01T23:07:00.001+05:30

Toolbars
Menus
Panels
Speed Dial
Bookmarks
Extensions
Opera Widgets
Notes
Geolocation
Opera Link
Opera Turbo
Opera Unite
Content blocking
Fraud and Malware Protection
BitTorrent
Display modes
Developer tools
Preferences
- General preferences
- Forms
- Searching in Opera
- Webpage preferences
Advanced Preferences
- Tabs
- Browsing
- Notifications
- Content
- Fonts
- Downloads
- Programs
- History
- Cookies
- Security
- Network
- Storage
- Toolbars
- Shortcuts
- Voice preferences
Skins
Keyboard shortcuts
Using the mouse
Using voice
Email and news
Feeds
Chat
Dialogs
Auto-update
Backing up Opera

Keyboard shortcuts

You can browse a lot faster using the keyboard, and this page gives you an overview of the available keyboard shortcuts. Some operations have multiple shortcuts; use those you find most convenient.
Notice that the keyboard shortcuts have changed considerably since Opera 9.2. The old shortcuts are still available if you choose "Opera 9.2 Compatible" in . A compromise approach that enables some of the more popular single-key shortcuts is to check the box marked "Enable single-key shortcuts".
Tip: Pressing Alt Gr is the same as pressing Ctrl+Alt.

Topic list

Standard keys

Movement

Move one line up	↑
Move one line down	↓
Move one character to the right	→
Move one character to the left	←
Move one screen-full up	Page Up Shift + Space
Move one screen-full down	Page Down Space
Move one screen-full to the left	Ctrl + Page Up
Move one screen-full to the right	Ctrl + Page Down
Go to top	Home
Go to bottom	End

Focus

Cycle focus forward within active context	Tab
Cycle focus backward within active context	Shift + Tab
Activate	Enter
Exit context or cancel	Esc
Display context (right-click) menu	Shift + F10
Properties dialog	Alt + Enter

System keys

Open file	Ctrl + O
Save copy of page	Ctrl + S
Print page	Ctrl + P
Hide Opera	Ctrl + Alt + Shift + H

Text keys

Editing

Undo recent changes	Ctrl + Z
Redo recent changes	Ctrl + Y Ctrl + Shift + Z
Copy selection to clipboard	Ctrl + C Ctrl + Insert
Move selection to clipboard	Ctrl + X Shift + Delete
Paste from clipboard	Ctrl + V Shift + Insert
Copy selected text to Notes panel	Ctrl + Shift + C
Select all	Ctrl + A
Delete selection (or character right of cursor)	Delete
Delete selection (or character left of cursor)	Backspace
Toggle text-style bold	Ctrl + B
Toggle text-style italic	Ctrl + I
Toggle text-style underline	Ctrl + U
Convert hex to Unicode	Ctrl + Shift + X

Find

Find text	Ctrl + F
Find next instance of text	Ctrl + G F3
Find previous instance of text	Ctrl + Shift + G Shift + F3
Search for text in page (press F9 first to set focus on page)	(numeric) / . (period)
Search for text in links in page (press F9 first to set focus on page)	Shift + (numeric) / , (comma)

Loading keys

Access

Go to your home page	Ctrl + Space Alt + Home
Enter a web address	F2
Paste and go in current or new tab	Ctrl + Shift + V
Display a Speed Dial	Ctrl + 0-9
Enter nickname for fast bookmark access	Shift + F2
Save page address as new bookmark	Ctrl + D
Save as new bookmark in active bookmark folder	Ctrl + Shift + D

Transmission

Reload (get latest version of) page	Ctrl + R F5
Reload selected frame	Alt + F5 Ctrl + Shift + R
Stop page loading	Esc
Cancel current voice prompt	Esc

History

Go to next page in history	Alt + → Ctrl + → Shift + Backspace Shift + scroll wheel up
Go to previous page in history	Alt + ← Ctrl + ← Backspace Shift + scroll wheel down
Fast forward	Shift + Backspace Space

Site navigation

To remove the last part of any web address (such as a sub-directory) and go to that address, press Ctrl + Backspace.

Display modes

Print preview (toggles on/off)	Ctrl + Shift + P
Use entire screen for browsing	F11
Toggle "Fit to width"	Ctrl + F11

Developer Tools

Open Dragonfly	Ctrl + Shift + I

Source

View page source	Ctrl + U
View source of active frame	Ctrl + Shift + U
Validate source of active page or frame	Ctrl + Alt + Shift + U

Zooming

Increase zoom by 10%	Plus Ctrl + Plus
Decrease zoom by 10%	Minus Ctrl + Minus
Restore zoom to 100%	* Ctrl + 0

Link keys

Select next link in page	Ctrl + ↓
Select previous link in page	Ctrl + ↑
Follow selected link	Enter
Open selected link in new tab	Shift + Enter
Open selected link in background tab	Ctrl + Shift + Enter
Save link target (such as document or image)	Ctrl + Shift + S

Spatial navigation keys

Navigate between links and form elements	Shift + ← ↑ → ↓

Tip: The combination of the Shift key and arrow keys is the fastest way of moving around a webpage when wanting to locate links and webform elements.

Form keys

Log in/auto-fill form using the Password Manager	Ctrl + Enter For a series of connected pages, see Fast Forward
Go to next element in form	Tab
Go to previous element in form	Shift + Tab
Select form element	Space Enter

Access keys

These shortcuts are unique to pages that have access keys enabled.

Toggle HTML access keys	Shift + Esc
Enter HTML access keys	A-Z and 0-9

Page keys: basics

Browse in new tab	Ctrl + T
Close active tab	Ctrl + W Ctrl + F4
Undo closing of tab	Ctrl + Shift + T

Application windows

Browse in new application window	Ctrl + N
Browse in new private window	Ctrl + Shift + N
Close application window	Ctrl + Shift + W Alt + F4

Tab keys: switching

Cycle to next tab (defaults to recently used order)	Ctrl + Tab
Cycle to previous tab (defaults to recently used order)	Ctrl + Shift + Tab
Switch to previous tab on tab bar	Ctrl + Shift + F6
Switch to next tab on tab bar	Ctrl + F6

Panel keys: activation

Toggle last active panel with panel selector	F4
Toggle last active panel	Shift + F4
Activate panels for keyboard navigation	F7
Expand all folders/views in panel	Shift + →
Collapse all folders/views in panel	Shift + ←
Toggle Search panel	Ctrl + Shift + 1
Toggle Bookmarks panel	Ctrl + Shift + 2 Ctrl + B
Toggle Mail panel	Ctrl + Shift + 3
Toggle Contacts panel	Ctrl + Shift + 4
Toggle Chat panel	Ctrl + Shift + 5
Toggle Notes panel	Ctrl + Shift + 6
Toggle Downloads panel	Ctrl + Shift + 7
Toggle History panel	Ctrl + Shift + 8 Ctrl + H
Toggle Links panel	Ctrl + Shift + 9
Toggle Windows panel	Ctrl + Shift + 0

Panel keys: actions

Bookmarks

Open bookmark	Enter
Open bookmark in new tab	Shift + Enter
Open bookmark in background tab	Ctrl + Shift + Enter

Mail

Mark all email in selected view as read	Ctrl + Shift + A

Contacts

Show messages associated with contact	Enter
Compose message to contact	Shift + Enter

Downloads

Open downloaded file	Enter

Preferences

Edit your preferences	Alt + P Ctrl + F12
Quickly edit most popular preferences	F12
Edit browser appearance	Shift + F12

Focus keys

Set focus to webpage (to enable keyboard navigation)	F9
Set focus to address field	F8 Ctrl + L Alt + D
Set focus to search field	Ctrl + E
Set focus to bookmarks bar (only when you have search fields)	Shift + F7
Restore original address in address field and set focus to page	Esc

Manager pages

Manage bookmarks	Ctrl + Shift + B
Manage downloads	Ctrl + J
Manage history	Ctrl + Shift + H
Manage links	Ctrl + Shift + L

Mail keys: reading and sending

Basics

Check email	Ctrl + K
Write new message	Ctrl + M
Attach files to message	Ctrl + O
Upload queued messages to mail server	Ctrl + Shift + K
Send composed message	Ctrl + Shift + S Ctrl + Enter

Navigation

Go to next message	J
Go to previous message	U
Go to next unread message	H Shift + J
Go to previous unread message	Y Shift + U
Move one screen-full up	Shift + Space
Move one screen-full down, then go to next unread	Space
Scroll up in message body (even if focus on message list)	Alt + ↑
Scroll down in message body (even if focus on message list)	Alt + ↓
Set focus to message list	F8
Set focus to message	F9

Threads

Expand all threads	Shift + →
Collapse all threads	Shift + ←
Mark thread as read	M
Mark thread as read, go to next unread	N

Mail keys: managing

Marking

Mark selected message as read	K
Mark selected message as read, and go to next unread email	G
Mark selected message as read, and go to previous unread email	T
Mark selected message as unread	Shift + K
Mark all messages in active view as read	Ctrl + Shift + A
Move selected message to Trash	Delete
Delete selected message permanently, without moving to Trash	Shift + Delete

Responding

Reply to message	R
Reply to all recipients of message, including sender	Shift + R
Forward message	F
Redirect message	D
Continue editing message (Drafts, Outbox, and Sent views)	Enter
Focus "Quick reply" field	Q Shift + F9

Handling

Save sender's address as new contact	A
Save attachments	Shift + S
Label message (for example important or funny)	L
View all messages associated with sender	E
Copy raw message data to clipboard	C

Viewing

Toggle different layout of message list and message body	I

Chat keys

Download and list available rooms on chat server	Ctrl + Shift + J
Set focus to chat input field	Shift + F9

Help keys

Open Opera Help	F1
Search while viewing help page	Ctrl + F

More information

Learn more about using the keyboard.

Single-key shortcuts

Opera 9.5 disables the following single-key shortcuts, which were enabled by default in Opera 9.2 and previous. To re-enable these shortcuts, check the box marked "Enable single-key shortcuts" in .

Function	Single-Key Shortcut
Switch to previous tab on tab bar	1
Switch to next tab on tab bar	2
Cycle through frames in page	3 and Shift + 3
Minimize tab	4
Restore/Maximize tab	5
Restore zoom to 100%	6
Decrease zoom by 100%	7
Increase zoom by 100%	8
Decrease zoom by 10%	9
Increase zoom by 10%	0
Cycle through links in page	A and Q
Cycle through headers in page	S and W
Cycle through elements in page	D and E
Toggle between author mode and user mode	Shift + G
Address bar history drop-down	H
Load and display all images	I
Toggle loading of images	Shift + I
Speak selected text	V
Forward	X
Fast forward	Shift + X
Back	Z
Rewind	Shift + Z

Chrome Shortcuts

2015-10-01T23:06:00.002+05:30

SUBRATA

Chrome Help

Chrome Help Forum

Keyboard shortcuts

Learn keyboard shortcuts and become a pro at using Chrome.

Windows and Linux

Tab and window shortcuts

Shortcut	Action
Ctrl+N	Opens a new window.
Ctrl+T	Opens a new tab.
Ctrl+Shift+N	Opens a new window in incognito mode.
Press Ctrl+O, then select file	Opens a file from your computer in Google Chrome.
Press Ctrl and click a link	Opens the link in a new tab in the background.
Press Ctrl+Shift and click a link	Opens the link in a new tab and switches to the newly opened tab.
Press Shift and click a link	Opens the link in a new window.
Ctrl+Shift+T	Reopens the last tab you've closed. Google Chrome remembers the last 10 tabs you've closed.
Drag a link to a tab	Opens the link in the tab.
Drag a link to a blank area on the tab strip	Opens the link in a new tab.
Drag a tab out of the tab strip	Opens the tab in a new window.
Drag a tab out of the tab strip and into an existing window	Opens the tab in the existing window.
Press Esc while dragging a tab	Returns the tab to its original position.
Ctrl+1 through Ctrl+8	Switches to the tab at the specified position number on the tab strip.
Ctrl+9	Switches to the last tab.
Right-click, or click and hold either the Back or Forward arrow in the browser toolbar.	Displays your browsing history in the tab.
Press Backspace, or Alt and the left arrow together.	Goes to the previous page in your browsing history for the tab.
Press Shift+Backspace, or Alt and the right arrow together.	Goes to the next page in your browsing history for the tab.
Double-click the blank area on the tab strip.	Maximizes or minimizes the window.

Google Chrome feature shortcuts

Shortcut	Action
Alt+F or Alt+E or F10	Opens the Chrome menu , which lets you customize and control settings in Google Chrome.
Ctrl+Shift+B	Toggles the bookmarks bar on and off.
Ctrl+H	Opens the History page.
Ctrl+J	Opens the Downloads page.
Shift+Esc	Opens the Task Manager.
Shift+Alt+T	Sets focus on the first tool in the browser toolbar. You can then use the following shortcuts to move around in the toolbar: Press Tab, Shift+Tab, Home, End, right arrow, and left arrow to move focus to different items in the toolbar. Press Space or Enter to activate toolbar buttons, including page actions and browser actions. Press Shift+F10 to bring up any associated context menu (e.g. browsing history for the Back button). Press Esc to return focus from the toolbar back to the page.
F6 or Shift+F6	Switches focus to the next keyboard-accessible pane. Panes include: Highlights the URL in the address bar Bookmarks bar (if visible) The main web content (including any infobars) Downloads bar (if visible)
Ctrl+Shift+J	Opens Developer Tools.
Ctrl+Shift+Delete	Opens the Clear Browsing Data dialog.
F1	Opens the Help Center in a new tab (our favorite).
Ctrl+Shift+M	Switch between multiple users.

Address bar shortcuts

Use the following shortcuts in the address bar:

Shortcut	Action
Type a search term, then press Enter.	Performs a search using your default search engine.
Type a search engine keyword, press Space, type a search term, and press Enter.	Performs a search using the search engine associated with the keyword.
Begin typing a search engine URL, press Tab when prompted, type a search term, and press Enter.	Performs a search using the search engine associated with the URL.
Ctrl+Enter	Adds `www.` and `.com` to your input in the address bar and open the resulting URL.
Type a URL, then press Alt+Enter.	Opens the URL in a new tab.
Ctrl+L or Alt+D	Highlights the URL.
Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E	Places a '?' in the address bar. Type a search term after the question mark to perform a search using your default search engine.
Press Ctrl and the left arrow together.	Moves your cursor to the preceding key term in the address bar
Press Ctrl and the right arrow together.	Moves your cursor to the next key term in the address bar
Ctrl+Backspace	Deletes the key term that precedes your cursor in the address bar
Select an entry in the address bar drop-down menu with your keyboard arrows, then press Shift+Delete.	Deletes the entry from your browsing history, if possible.
Press Page Up or Page Down when the address bar drop-down menu is visible.	Selects the first or last entry in the drop-down menu.

Webpage shortcuts

Shortcut	Action
Ctrl+P	Prints your current page.
Ctrl+S	Saves your current page.
F5 or Ctrl+R	Reloads your current page.
Esc	Stops the loading of your current page.
Ctrl+F	Opens the find bar.
Ctrl+G or F3	Finds the next match for your input in the find bar.
Ctrl+Shift+G, Shift+F3, or Shift+Enter	Finds the previous match for your input in the find bar.
Ctrl+F5 or Shift+F5	Reloads your current page, ignoring cached content.
Press Alt and click a link	Downloads the target of the link.
Ctrl+U	Opens the source of your current page.
Drag a link to bookmarks bar	Saves the link as a bookmark.
Ctrl+D	Saves your current webpage as a bookmark.
Ctrl+Shift+D	Saves all open pages as bookmarks in a new folder.
F11	Opens your page in full-screen mode. Press F11 again to exit full-screen.
Ctrl and +, or press Ctrl and scroll your mousewheel up.	Enlarges everything on the page.
Ctrl and -, or press Ctrl and scroll your mousewheel down.	Makes everything on the page smaller.
Ctrl+0	Returns everything on the page to normal size.
Space bar	Scrolls down the web page.
Home	Goes to the top of the page.
End	Goes to the bottom of the page.
Press Shift and scroll your mousewheel.	Scrolls horizontally on the page.

Mozilla Shortcuts

2015-10-01T23:04:00.002+05:30

You are currently viewing a snapshot of www.mozilla.org taken on April 21, 2008. Most of this content is highly out of date (some pages haven't been updated since the project began in 1998) and exists for historical purposes only. If there are any pages on this archive site that you think should be added back to www.mozilla.org, please file a bug.

Roadmap
Projects
Coding
Testing
Tools
- Bugzilla
- Tinderbox
- Bonsai
- LXR
FAQs

Mozilla Keyboard Shortcuts

In this document

Using Shortcuts

This document uses the following format for listing shortcuts:
Example:

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Copy	Ctrl+C	Cmd+C	Ctrl+C

To perform a command, press the buttons listed together at the same time. For example, to copy in Windows, press Ctrl and C at the same time.
Tip: The plus sign (+) means that you must press two keys surrounding the plus sign at the same time. If there is more then one plus sign (such as Ctrl+Shift+C), it means that all three buttons surrounding the plus sign must be pressed at the same time.
Abbreviations:

Ctrl = Control key
Cmd = Command key on the Macintosh keyboard

Note: Some keyboard shortcuts perform different functions based on cursor location (focus). For example, if you press Home on Windows while viewing a web page, Mozilla will move to the top of the web page. However, if you press Home on Windows while the cursor is in a text field, the cursor will go to the beginning of the text field.
[ Return to beginning of section ]

General Mozilla Shortcuts

These shortcuts are available from all Mozilla windows:

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Copy	Ctrl+C	Cmd+C	Ctrl+C
Paste	Ctrl+V	Cmd+V	Ctrl+V
Cut	Ctrl+X	Cmd+X	Ctrl+X
Close Window	Ctrl+W	Cmd+W	Ctrl+W
Delete Next Word	Ctrl+Del		Ctrl+Del
Go Up One Page	Page Up	Page Up	Page Up
Go Down One Page	Page Down	Page Down	Page Down
Go Up One Line	Up Arrow	Up Arrow	Up Arrow
Go Down One Line	Down Arrow	Down Arrow	Down Arrow
Undo	Ctrl+Z	Cmd+Z	Ctrl+Z
Redo	Ctrl+Shift+Z	Cmd+Shift+Z	Ctrl+Shift+Z
Find	Ctrl+F	Cmd+F	Ctrl+F
Find Again	Ctrl+G or F3	Cmd+G	Ctrl+G
Find Links As You Type	' (apostrophe)	' (apostrophe)	' (apostrophe)
Find Text As You Type	/	/	/
Open search engine page	Ctrl+Shift+F	Cmd+Shift+F	Ctrl+Shift+F
Open Context Menu	Shift+F10	Ctrl+Space	Shift+F10
Open Main Menu (switches to the first drop-down menu at the top of the window. example: "File" in Windows)	Alt or F10	(Mac OS X: Controlled through keyboard preference in Control Panel)	F10
Move to beginning of line (in a text editing field)	Home	Cmd+Left Arrow	Ctrl+A
Move to end of line (in a text editing field)	End	Cmd+Right Arrow	Ctrl+E
Exit Mozilla	Ctrl+Q	Cmd+Q	Ctrl+Q
Start Navigator	Ctrl+1	Cmd+1	Ctrl+1
Start Mail & Newsgroups	Ctrl+2	Cmd+2	Ctrl+2
Start Composer	Ctrl+4	Cmd+4	Ctrl+4
Start Address Book	Ctrl+5	Cmd+5	Ctrl+5
Start IRC Chat	Ctrl+6	Cmd+6	Ctrl+6

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Navigator Shortcuts

These shortcuts are available from all Navigator windows.

In this section:
Bookmark Shortcuts
Page Navigation Shortcuts
Page Viewing Shortcuts
Tabbed Browsing Shortcuts
Sidebar Shortcuts
Forms Shortcuts

Bookmarks Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Open Manage Bookmarks Window	Ctrl+B	Cmd+B	Ctrl+B
Add Page to Bookmarks	Ctrl+D	Cmd+D	Ctrl+D
File Bookmark (to customize and file a page you are bookmarking)	Ctrl+Shift+D	Cmd+Shift+D	Ctrl+Shift+D
Bookmark Properties (for selected bookmark in Manage Bookmarks window)	Ctrl+I	Cmd+I	Ctrl+I

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Page Navigation Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Open History Window	Ctrl+H	Cmd+Shift+H	Ctrl+H
Reload	Ctrl+R	Cmd+R	Ctrl+R
Force Reload (not from cache)	Ctrl+Shift+R	Cmd+Shift+R	Ctrl+Shift+R
Back	Alt+Left Arrow or Backspace	Cmd+Left Arrow	Alt+Left Arrow
Forward	Alt+Right Arrow	Cmd+Right Arrow	Alt+Right Arrow
Stop	Esc	Esc	Esc
Home	Alt+Home	Cmd+Home	Alt+Home
Go to Bottom of Page	End		End
Go to Top of Page	Home	Home	Home
Select All Text in Location Bar	Ctrl+L or Alt+D	Cmd+L	Ctrl+L or Alt+D
Open Web Page Location	Ctrl+Shift+L	Cmd+Shift+L	Ctrl+Shift+L
Open Selected Link in a Web Page	Enter	Return	Enter
Exit Mozilla	Ctrl+Q	Cmd+Q	Ctrl+Q
Move to Next Frame (in web pages using frames)	F6	Ctrl+Tab or F6 (if F6 is not programmed for another command)	F6
Move to Previous Frame (in web pages using frames)	Shift+F6	Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Shift+F6 (if F6 is not programmed for another command)	Shift+F6
New Navigator Window	Ctrl+N	Cmd+N	Ctrl+N
Move to Next/Previous Link or Form Element in a Web Page	Tab/Shift+Tab	Tab/Shift+Tab	Tab/Shift+Tab
Open File	Ctrl+O	Cmd+O	Ctrl+O
Close Window	Ctrl+W	Cmd+W	Ctrl+W
Save Page As	Ctrl+S	Cmd+S	Ctrl+S
Save Linked Page (when a link is selected)	Shift+Enter	Option+Enter	Shift+Enter
Print Page	Ctrl+P	Cmd+P	Ctrl+P
Go Up One Page	Page Up/ Shift+Space	Page Up/ Shift+Space	Page Up/ Shift+Space
Go Down One Page	Page Down/Space	Page Down/Space	Page Down/Space
Go Up One Line	Up Arrow	Up Arrow	Up Arrow
Go Down One Line	Down Arrow	Down Arrow	Down Arrow
Turn on/off Caret Mode	F7	F7 (if F7 is not programmed for another command)	F7

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Page Viewing Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Full Screen (toggle)	F11		F11 (may depend on window manager)
Zoom Text Smaller	Ctrl+- (minus sign)	Cmd+- (minus sign)	Ctrl+- (minus sign)
Zoom Text Larger	Ctrl+= (plus sign)	Cmd+= (plus sign)	Ctrl+= (plus sign)
No Zoom (back to normal/100%)	Ctrl+0	Cmd+0	Ctrl+0
View Page Information	Ctrl+I	Cmd+I	Ctrl+I
View Page Source	Ctrl+U	Cmd+U	Ctrl+U

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Tabbed Browsing Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
New Navigator Tab	Ctrl+T	Cmd+T	Ctrl+T
Switch to Next Tab (when using Tabbed Browsing with more then one tab)	Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+Page Down	Ctrl+Page Down	Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+Page Down
Switch to Previous Tab (when using Tabbed Browsing with more then one tab)	Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+Page Up	Ctrl+Page Up	Ctrl+Page Up
Close Tab (Close window if one page open)	Ctrl+W	Cmd+W	Ctrl+W
Open link in new foreground tab	Insert		Insert
Open link in new background tab	Shift+Insert	Shift+Insert	Shift+Insert

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Sidebar Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Open/Close Sidebar (toggle)	F9	F9	F9
Switch to Next Sidebar Panel	Alt+Page Down	Option+Page Down	Alt+Page Down
Switch to Previous Sidebar Panel	Alt+Page Up	Option+Page Up	Alt+Page Up

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Forms Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Move to Next/Previous Item in Form	Tab/Shift+Tab	Tab/Shift+Tab	Tab/Shift+Tab
Submit Form	Enter	Enter	Enter
Press Selected Button / Select Radio Button)	Space	Space	Space
Select an Item from a List	Up Arrow, Down Arrow, or First Letter of Item Name	Up Arrow, Down Arrow, or First Letter of Item Name	Up Arrow, Down Arrow, or First Letter of Item Name
Check/Uncheck Checkbox (toggle)	Space	Space	Space
Open a Drop-Down Menu	Alt+Down Arrow	Option+Down Arrow	Alt+Down Arrow

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Mail & Newsgroups Shortcuts

These shortcuts are available from Mail & Newsgroups windows.

In this section:
General Mail & Newsgroups Shortcuts
Message List Shortcuts
Message Compose Shortcuts

General Mail & Newsgroups Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Move to Next Mail Pane (Folder, QuickSearch, Thread, Message Panes)	F6	F6	F6
New Message	Ctrl+M	Cmd+Shift+M	Ctrl+M

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Message List Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Save Message as File	Ctrl+S	Cmd+S	Ctrl+S
Open Message (in a new window)	Ctrl+O	Cmd+O	Ctrl+O
Delete Message	Del	Del	Del
Undo Delete Message	Ctrl+Z	Cmd+Z	Ctrl+Z
Select All Messages	Ctrl+A	Cmd+A	Ctrl+A
Collapse All Threads	\ (backslash key)	\ (backslash key)	\ (backslash key)
Expand All Threads	* (asterisk key)	* (asterisk key)	* (asterisk key)
Message Source	Ctrl+U	Cmd+U	Ctrl+U
Go to Next Message	F	F	F
Go to Next Unread Message	N	N	N
Go to Next Unread Thread	T	T	T
Go to Previous Message	B	B	B
Go to Previous Unread Message	P	P	P
Reply to Message (replies only to sender)	Ctrl+R	Cmd+R	Ctrl+R
Reply to All in Message (replies to sender and to other email addresses in message)	Ctrl+Shift+R	Cmd+Shift+R	Ctrl+Shift+R
Forward Message	Ctrl+L	Cmd+L	Ctrl+L
Edit as New (compose new email using the body and attachments of the selected message)	Ctrl+E	Cmd+E	Ctrl+E
Mark Message as Read	M	M	M
Mark Thread as Read	R	R	R
Mark All Messages in Selected Folder as Read	Ctrl+Shift+C	Cmd+Shift+C	Ctrl+Shift+C

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Message Compose Shortcuts

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Send Message Now	Ctrl+Enter	Cmd+Enter	Ctrl+Enter
Send Message Later	Ctrl+Shift+Enter	Cmd+Shift+Enter	Ctrl+Shift+Enter

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Composer Shortcuts

These shortcuts are available from Composer windows.

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Save Page	Ctrl+S	Cmd+S	Ctrl+S
Open File	Ctrl+O	Cmd+O	Ctrl+O
Close Page	Ctrl+W	Cmd+W	Ctrl+W
Find in Page	Ctrl+F	Cmd+F	Ctrl+F
Find Again	Ctrl+G	Cmd+G	Ctrl+G
Insert/Edit Link	Ctrl+L	Cmd+L	Ctrl+L
Increase Indent	Ctrl+[	Cmd+[	Ctrl+[
Decrease Indent	Ctrl+]	Cmd+]	Ctrl+]
Discontinue Text Styles	Ctrl+Shift+T	Cmd+Shift+T	Ctrl+Shift+T
Discontinue Link	Ctrl+Shift+K	Cmd+Shift+K	Ctrl+Shift+K
Select Row/Column	Ctrl+Drag	Cmd+Drag	Ctrl+Drag
Select Cells(s)	Ctrl+Click (drag to select block of cells, or continue clicking to select individual cells)	Cmd+Click (drag to select block of cells, or continue clicking to select individual cells)	Ctrl+Click (drag to select block of cells, or continue clicking to select individual cells)
Decrease Font Size	Ctrl+- (minus sign)	Cmd+- (minus sign)	Ctrl+- (minus sign)
Increase Font Size	Ctrl+= (equal sign)	Cmd+= (equal sign)	Ctrl+= (equal sign)
Text Style Bold	Ctrl+B	Cmd+B	Ctrl+B
Text Style Italic	Ctrl+I	Cmd+I	Ctrl+I
Text Style Underline	Ctrl+U	Cmd+U	Ctrl+U
Text Style Fixed Width	Ctrl+T	Cmd+T	Ctrl+T

[ Return to beginning of section ]

Help Window Shortcuts

These shortcuts are available from Help windows.

Command	Windows	Mac	Linux
Open Help and Support Center within Navigator, Mail & Newsgroups, Composer, and Address Book	F1	Help Key	F1
Navigate Links within Content Pane (right pane)	Tab	Tab	Tab
Switch between Content Pane and Search/Contents/Index/Glossary (toggle)	F6	F6	F6
Navigate Index Terms (while Index Pane is selected)	Up/Down Arrow	Up/Down Arrow	Up/Down Arrow
Scroll Pane (Content, Table of Contents, or Index)	Up/Down Arrow	Up/Down Arrow	Up/Down Arrow
Expand/Collapse Table of Contents Tree Structure	Left/Right Arrow	Left/Right Arrow	Left/Right Arrow
Print Page	Ctrl+P	Cmd+P	Ctrl+P
Go Back to Previous Page	Alt+Left Arrow Key	Alt+Left Arrow Key	Alt+Left Arrow Key
Go Forward One Page	Alt+Right Arrow Key	Alt+Right Arrow Key	Alt+Right Arrow Key

[ Return to beginning of section ]

JUST 4 FUN

2015-10-01T23:01:00.002+05:30

1.cool.bat

@echo off
color 0a
:tricks
echo %random%%random%%random%%random%%random%%random%%random%%random%
goto tricks

2.Notepadmsg.vbs

WScript.Sleep 100
Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.Run "notepad"
WScript.Sleep 100
WshShell.AppActivate "Notepad"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "Hel"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "lo "
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys ", I"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " am"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " su"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "br"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "ata"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " pandey."
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " Thi"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "s is"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " my system."
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " Do"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " not"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " mess"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " wi"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "th"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " it"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys " :[ "

3.TEXT2SPEECH.vbs

Dim message, sapi
message=InputBox("If you type any thing in the box below I will read it aloud ","techtimely")
Set sapi=CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")
sapi.Speak message

Google Search Tricks

2015-10-01T22:51:00.001+05:30

Find Music: -inurl:(htm|html|php) intitle:”index of” +”last modified” +”parent directory” +description +size +(wma|mp3) “Counting Crows”
Find Videos: -inurl:(htm|html|php) intitle:”index of” +”last modified” +”parent directory” +description +size +(mpg|wmv) “chapelle”
Find Ebooks: -inurl:(htm|html|php) intitle:”index of” +”last modified” +”parent directory” +description +size +(pdf|doc) “george orwell"

Axis Webcams: inurl:/view.shtml or inurl:view/index.shtml
Cannon Webcams: sample/LvAppl/
MOBOTIX Webcams: control/userimage.html
FlexWatch Webcams: /app/idxas.html
JVC Webcams: intitle: intitle:”V.Networks [Motion Picture(Java)]”

link:URL = lists other pages that link to the URL.
related:URL = lists other pages that are related to the URL.
site:domain.com “search term = restricts search results to the given domain.
allinurl:WORDS = shows only pages with all search terms in the url.
inurl:WORD = like allinurl: but filters the URL based on the first term only.
allintitle:WORD = shows only results with terms in title.
intitle:WORD = similar to allintitle, but only for the next word.
cache:URL = will show the Google cached version of the URL.
info:URL = will show a page containing links to related searches, backlinks, and pages containing the url. This is the same as typing the url into the search box.
filetype:SOMEFILETYPE = will restrict searches to that filetype
-filetype:SOMEFILETYPE = will remove that file type from the search.
site:www.somesite.net “+www.somesite.net” = shows you how many pages of your site are indexed by google
allintext: = searches only within text of pages, but not in the links or page title
allinlinks: = searches only within links, not text or title
WordA OR WordB = search for either the word A or B
“Word” OR “Phrase” = search exact word or phrase
WordA -WordB = find word A but filter results that include word B
WordA +WordB = results much contain both Word A and Word B
~WORD = looks up the word and its synonyms
~WORD -WORD = looks up only the synonyms to the word
-inurl(html|htm|php) intitle:”index of” +”last modified” +”parent directory” +description +size

Wallpaper collection

2015-09-12T03:24:00.000+05:30

Different types of learning styles

2015-09-12T01:51:00.001+05:30

Check yours

Collection of "Hacker" wallpaper

2015-09-12T01:42:00.001+05:30

Subrata Pandey

Encyclopedia of Life - Animals - Plants - Pictures & Information

UNIQUE

unique websites

Favourite softwares

GREAT WEBSITES

ANDROID APPS made by ME

BOOKS

PowerShell commands

An A-Z Index of Windows PowerShell commands

VBSCRIPT

VBScript - Syntax

Your First VBScript

Whitespace and Line Breaks

Formatting

Single Line Syntax

Multiple Line Syntax

Reserved Words

Case Sensitivity

Comments in VBScript

CMD COMMANDS_1

15 CMD Commands Every Windows User Should Know

ASSOC

Cipher

Driverquery

File Compare

Ipconfig

Netstat

Ping

Pathping

Tracert

Powercfg

Shutdown

System File Checker

Recovery Image

Tasklist

Taskkill

Conclusion

CMD CODES

An A-Z Index of the Windows CMD command line

Opera Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts

Standard keys

Movement

Focus

System keys

Text keys

Editing

Find

Loading keys

Access

Transmission

Navigation keys

History

Site navigation

Display modes

Developer Tools

Source

Zooming

Link keys

Spatial navigation keys

Form keys

Access keys

Page keys: basics

Application windows

Tab keys: switching

Panel keys: activation

Panel keys: actions

Bookmarks

Mail

Contacts

Downloads

Preferences

Focus keys

Manager pages

Mail keys: reading and sending

Basics

Navigation

Threads

Mail keys: managing