<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941</id><updated>2024-10-05T09:01:47.102+07:00</updated><category term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><category term="Serat Tekstil"/><category term="News"/><category term="Penyempurnaan"/><category term="Sintesis"/><category term="Zat Aktif Permukaan"/><title type='text'>Textile Chemistry</title><subtitle type='html'>Berisikan mengenai hal-hal yang bersangkutan dengan kimia tekstil, seperti kimia zat warna, proses pencelupan, pencapan dan lainnya</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>20</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-9033005740504918649</id><published>2012-06-14T13:58:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-08-12T19:48:05.386+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serat Tekstil"/><title type='text'>Serat Poliakrilat</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Serat poliakrilat merupakan serat buatan yang
terbentuk dari polimer sintetik yaitu vinil sianida. Serat ini sangat kuat,
hidrofob dan sukar dicelup. Penelitian mengenai serat poliakrilat dimulai di
Amerika pada tahun 1938 dan produk pertama yang dikomersialkan dengan nama
dagang Orlon pada tahun 1950 oleh Du Pont. Kemudian Chemstrand Corporation
memperkenalkan Acrilan pada tahun 1952, Dow Chemical mula mengkomersilkan
produknya, Zefran pada tahun 1958, dan American Cyanamid memperkenalkan Creslan
pada tahun 1959.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Karena serat
sukar dicelup, kemudian serat polimer poliakrilat dimodifikasi berupa kopolimer
dengan monomer lain&amp;nbsp; yang mengandung
gugus yang bersifat anionik seperti karboksil atau sulfonat. Dengan adanya
gugus-gugus tersebut membuat serat poliakrilat yang sekarang ini dapat dicelup
dengan zat warna basa yang bersifat kationik dalam larutan asam. Berat
gugus-gugus anionik maksimum 15% dari berat serat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Banyaknya gugus-gugus anionik pada serat dapat
mempengaruhi kemampuan maksimum serat poliakrilat menyerap zat warna. Hal itu
biasa dinyatakan dengan nilai faktor A dari serat atau &lt;i&gt;Saturated Factor &lt;/i&gt;(SF). Semakin kecil nilai faktor A, maka
banyaknya zat warna yang dapat diserap oleh serat semakin kecil, begitu juga
sebaliknya. Nilai faktor A dari berbagai produsen serat poliakrilat disajikan
pada tabel dibawah ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sifat Kimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ketahanan
terhadap Zat Kimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Serat
poliakrilat pada umumnya memiliki ketahanan yang sangat baik terhadap asam-asam
mineral dan pelarut, minyak, lemak dan garam netral. Serat poliakrilat tahan
terhadap alkali lemah tetapi dalam larutan alkali kuat panas akan rusak dengan
cepat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ketahanan
terhadap Panas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Serat poliakrilat memiliki sifat tahan panas
yang baik. Serat poliakrilat tahan pada pemanasan 150&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C selama dua
hari tanpa menunjukkan penurunan kekuatan tarik. Serat dapat mengalami
perubahan warna menjadi kuning, coklat, dan hitam apabila pemanasan diteruskan.
Setelah pemanasan 60 jam pada suhu 200&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C, meskipun serat berwarna
hitam, kekuatan tarik lebih dari setengah kekuatan awal. Selain itu serat
menjadi sangat stabil terhadap pemanasan lebih lanjut meskipun dibakar dalam
Bunsen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Serat poliakrilat yang dipanaskan dalam
keadaan kering tidak akan membuat membuat rantai-rantai molekul putus, namun
pada kondisi tersebut dapat menyebabkan penyusunan kembali molekul-molekul
menjadi senyawa lingkar, warna berubah, ikatan hydrogen lepas, dan timbul
gugus-gugus basa. Dari pembentukan molekul baru juga membuat serat tidak larut
dalam pelarut-pelarut yang biasa digunakan untuk melarutkan serat poliakrilat.
Reaksi pembentukan senyawa lingkar digambarkan dalam berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sifat Fisika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Serat
poliakrilat bersifat rua/&lt;i&gt;bulky&lt;/i&gt; akibat
dari sifat ketidakstabilan terhadap panas. Serat poliakrilat tidak dapat
dilakukan set permanen seperti halnya poliester dan nilon. Hal ini bisa menjadi
sebuah keuntungan ataupun kerugian. Ketidakstabilan terhadap panas dapat
merugikan jika serat dilakukan suatu proses basah panas pada kain. Proses basah
tersebut dapat menyebabkan mengkeret dan memberikan stabilitas dimensi kain
jelek. Namun ketidakstabilan tersebut dapat bermanfaat dalam proses pembuatan
benang rua (&lt;i&gt;high bulk acrylic&lt;/i&gt;). Benang
rua dapat dibentuk dengan menggabungkan dua serat poliakrilat yang memiliki
mengkeret serat berbeda. Serat pertama biasanya dibuat stabil dengan penguapan
(steam) sedangkan serat kedua tidak diproses penguapan sehingga serat kedua
masih dapat mengkeret jika diproses dalam air panas. Kedua serat tersebut
kemudian digabungkan menjadi satu benang. Pada saat benang di proses pada air
mendidih seperti pada proses pencelupan, benang yang kedua akan mengalami
mengkeret hebat dan menarik benang pertama. Hal itu dapat menyebabkan benang
rua.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sifat fisika
serat poliakrilat yang paling penting adalah berat jenis yang kecil yaitu 1.17 dan
sifat rua. Pada kondisi standar, RH (&lt;i&gt;Relative
Humidity&lt;/i&gt;) 65% dan suhu ruangan 21&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C, serat poliakrilat memiliki
kekuatan tarik 4,2-2,5 g/denier. Pada keadaan basah kekuatan tark serat
poliakrilat sama dengan kondisi standar. Mulur dalam keadaan standar 20-55%
sedangkan dalam keadaan basah 26-72%. Elastisitas serat dengan penarikan 5-10%
adalah 40-58%. Struktur poliakrilat yang rapat menyebabkan serat ini bersifat
hidrofob. MR (&lt;i&gt;Moisture Regain&lt;/i&gt;) serat
poliakrilat adalah 1,0-2,5%. Perbandingan sifat-sifat serat poliakrilat
disajikan pada tabel dibawah ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penampang
melintang filamen berbentuk tulang anjing atau bulat bergantung pada produsen
pembuat serat, sedangkan penampang membujurnya sedikit bergaris. Gambar
penampang melintang dan membujur filamen poliakrilat disajikan pada gambar dibawah ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-SWycz1pwUOthy6SZtIdrfdPa_5u7R-hRljqF02mBtwzmRGvq24PRe9CRJ27UU7CT5Dw1iHvEbXjG41BID5x-3a7oXpGm0uZpHtwlBBl1wYAx0S5F8e9iMY47k41RV4w6ZpNfn5YB4w/s1600/penampang+poliakrilat.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-SWycz1pwUOthy6SZtIdrfdPa_5u7R-hRljqF02mBtwzmRGvq24PRe9CRJ27UU7CT5Dw1iHvEbXjG41BID5x-3a7oXpGm0uZpHtwlBBl1wYAx0S5F8e9iMY47k41RV4w6ZpNfn5YB4w/s320/penampang+poliakrilat.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Penampang Melintang dan Membujur Serat Poliakrilat.
kiri Acrilan; Kanan: Orlon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;nah mungkin itu sekilas tentang poliakrilat, nah bagi yang mau tau pencelupan poliakrilat dengan zat warna basa, bisa ikuti &lt;/span&gt;saya ke &lt;a href=&quot;http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/06/serat-poliakrilat.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;TeKaPe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/9033005740504918649/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/06/serat-poliakrilat.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/9033005740504918649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/9033005740504918649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/06/serat-poliakrilat.html' title='Serat Poliakrilat'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPEMcdGVFefU5d7flDWdSprVEKQZfAhlvcY4I064ExdvU65j2XoIMb8duZUR2tFneEz8LPxxVxEOtoRHc6EbgPxf_T8ePCKeGsOwhd2NN1Bp9j9q12UDx69p4c5Qfj_DNMBcyFcDJdUZM/s72-c/Pembuatan+Poliakrilat.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-1873618119279040990</id><published>2012-02-08T17:41:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-08T17:44:39.253+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><title type='text'>Perkembangan Tekstil Dibatasi untuk Masyarakat</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Tekstil? yang orang fikirkan tentang tekstil pasti hanya sepintas kain dan
menjahit. namun tekstil sebenarnya tidak hanya sekedar kain dan menjahit.
Sampai saat ini perkembanga di dunia tekstil sudah sangat maju, dan
perkembangan teknologi itu bisa kita kenal dengan namanya Smart Textile.&lt;br /&gt;


Salah satu contoh smart textile adalah baju militer yang tidak bisa
dideteksi dengan pendeteksi infra merah di malam hari. Selain itu juga sudah
ditemukan baju balita yang dapat berubah warna sesuai suhu tubuh bayi yag memakainya,
sehingga jika terjadi kenaikan suhu tubuh di atas 37 derajat celcius, baju
tersebut akan berubah warna. Baju anti bakteri untuk bidang kesehatan yang
dapat memberikan anti bakteri bahkan efek penyembuhan.&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;br /&gt;


Namun kenapa perkembangan tersebut tidak di produksi secara masal?&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;br /&gt;


Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan ekonomi. Misalnya
jika baju anti bakteri dipasarkan di masyarakat, maka masyarakat tidak akan
melakukan pencucian baju selama berbulan-bulan atau beberapa puluh kali pemakaian.
Hal itu tentunya akan membuat perusahaan sabun atau deterjen berada dalam
masalah. jika hal itu terjadi, maka akan banyak perusahaan sabun yang rugi
sampai akhirnya gulung tikar dan akan menyebabkan banyaknya pemutusan tenaga
kerja, sehingga dapat menimbulkan banyak pengangguran di suatu negara.&lt;br /&gt;


Dengan alasan itu mungkin pemerintah membatasi produksi tekstil seperti baju
anti bakteri hanya untuk kepentingan militer dan kesehatan. Walaupun dengan
penjualan yang sedikit tapi akan memberikan keuntungan yang cukup besar.&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/1873618119279040990/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/02/perkembangan-tekstil-dibatasi-untuk.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/1873618119279040990'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/1873618119279040990'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/02/perkembangan-tekstil-dibatasi-untuk.html' title='Perkembangan Tekstil Dibatasi untuk Masyarakat'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-930092112571772807</id><published>2012-01-27T18:02:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-04T11:23:42.081+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><title type='text'>Pencelupan Zat Warna Dispersi-Reaktif pada Kain T/C Metoda 1 Bath 2 Stage</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alhamdulillah ada waktu luang buat
ngelanjutin apa yang sudah saya mulai, otak ungkin masi nge-&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;hank&lt;/i&gt; karena 3 minggu kebelakang saya
melaksanakan UAS semester,,,, nah kali ini saya akan sedikit menjelaskan lagi
materi pencelupan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Berbeda dengan metoda 1 bath 1 stage,
pada metoda ini, pencelupan kain T/C lebih sederhana, resiko belang sedikit
berkurang. Pemilihan zat warna ataupun zat pembantu akan lebih sederhana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Disini kita hanya memilih zat warna disperse
tipe C ataupun tipe D agar penodaan zat warna dispersi pada kapas sedikit. Dengan
ukuran molekul zat warna yang besar, zat warna disperse akan semakin hidrofob
sehingga gaya tolak menolak zat warna disperse dengan serat akan semakin besar
sehingga penodaan zat warna pada serat kapas sedikit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Selain itu, pada metoda ini tidak
dilakukan proses cuci reduksi, karena proses itu akan merusak zat warna reaktif
pada kapas, sehingga zat warna yang telah terfiksasi akan rusak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dibawah ini skema proses pencelupan
kain T/C dengan zat warna reaktif-dispersi metoda 1 Bath 2 Stage:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj37NNXDgkHcrAa_NUsTs7eRYKOIuh550SvgMhwjsCcSRjhkexqbDfUmkshVHeaEuFnwLole0K2ujaba_Bh6od_rnRcvtB4_AoTERmMIyG8RZMTWrlvoTowUHvYEvWHlv8E-av1kvEKatk/s1600/Skema+Proses+Pencelupan.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;186&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj37NNXDgkHcrAa_NUsTs7eRYKOIuh550SvgMhwjsCcSRjhkexqbDfUmkshVHeaEuFnwLole0K2ujaba_Bh6od_rnRcvtB4_AoTERmMIyG8RZMTWrlvoTowUHvYEvWHlv8E-av1kvEKatk/s400/Skema+Proses+Pencelupan.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mungkin hanya dicukupkan sekian, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;simple&lt;/i&gt; kan?mudah-mudahan bisa
dimengerti,,,, untuk melihat metoda 1 bath 1 stage bisa di lihat di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/11/pemilihan-zat-warna-dan-zat-pembantu.html&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TKP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/930092112571772807/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/pencelupan-zat-warna-dispersi-reaktif.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/930092112571772807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/930092112571772807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/pencelupan-zat-warna-dispersi-reaktif.html' title='Pencelupan Zat Warna Dispersi-Reaktif pada Kain T/C Metoda 1 Bath 2 Stage'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj37NNXDgkHcrAa_NUsTs7eRYKOIuh550SvgMhwjsCcSRjhkexqbDfUmkshVHeaEuFnwLole0K2ujaba_Bh6od_rnRcvtB4_AoTERmMIyG8RZMTWrlvoTowUHvYEvWHlv8E-av1kvEKatk/s72-c/Skema+Proses+Pencelupan.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-8539315505507427083</id><published>2012-01-21T12:39:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T19:31:44.246+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><title type='text'>Mekanisme Pencelupan (Vickerstaff)</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme
pencelupan menurut teori pencelupan (Vickerstaff), terdiri dari tahap difusi
zat warna dari fasa ruah larutan zat warna ke dekat permukaan serat, kemudian
tahap adsorpsi zat warna ke permukaan serat, lalu tahap difusi zat warna ke
dalam serat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tahap difusi zat
warna dalam larutan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Molekul-molekul zat warna akan selalu bergerak dalam
larutan. Dengan adanya kenaikan suhu dan proses pengadukan pada proses
pencelupan, pergerakan molekul zat warna akan semakin meningkat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Serat tekstil, dalam larutan bersifat negatif pada
permukaannya. Sehingga ada dua kemugkinan, yang pertama molekul zat warna akan
tertarik oleh serat atau tertolak menjauhi serat. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan Zat
pembantu Tekstil untuk mendorong zat warna lebih mudah mendekati permukaan serat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tahap Adsorpsi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Molekul zat warna memiliki tenaga yang cukup besar
sehingga dapat mengatasi gaya tolak dari permukaan serat sehingg amolekul zat
warna dapat terserap menempel pada permukaan serat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tahap Difusi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Pada tahap ini zat
warna akan berdifusi dari permukaan serat&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;ke pusat serat. Tahap ini merupakan tahap yang paling lambat sehingga
dipergunakan sebagai ukuran untuk menentukan laju pencelupan. Tahap difusi zat
warna kedalam serat yang sangat tergantung pada kerapatan struktur serat,
ukuran partikel zat warna dan kondisi proses pencelupan seperti suhu, pH,
kesadahan air dan lain-lain. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Contoh, semakin
tinggi suhu pencelupan semakin cepat laju pencelupan, tetapi affinitas zat
warna akan turun karena reaksi fiksasi zat warna dengan serat bersifat eksotherm.
Oleh karena itu dalam penyusunan skema proses, penentuan suhu dan waktu
pencelupaan harus tepat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/8539315505507427083/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/mekanisme-pencelupan-vickerstaff.html#comment-form' title='2 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/8539315505507427083'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/8539315505507427083'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/mekanisme-pencelupan-vickerstaff.html' title='Mekanisme Pencelupan (Vickerstaff)'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-5977289860467429755</id><published>2012-01-02T20:35:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T19:31:44.230+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><title type='text'>Pencelupan Serat Poliakrilat dengan Zat Warna Basa</title><content type='html'>&lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Poliakrilat adala polimer dari Vinil sianida. Serat
tersebut sangat kuat, sangat hidrofob dan sukar dicelup.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFFS3tDIEy9zBNByEKQyH_Y1Luq2c2QZu8ItAi2Xazof4wVFPjiJYEalYhaADFBGaru7xRxAjb1p_vKhyphenhyphendf1RQ96FIxKRlK1WP9uiPAAuseUIVY3JjXRdsm3IGvYgg6UykBozK_WNnJUc/s1600/Vinil+Sianida.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;105&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFFS3tDIEy9zBNByEKQyH_Y1Luq2c2QZu8ItAi2Xazof4wVFPjiJYEalYhaADFBGaru7xRxAjb1p_vKhyphenhyphendf1RQ96FIxKRlK1WP9uiPAAuseUIVY3JjXRdsm3IGvYgg6UykBozK_WNnJUc/s200/Vinil+Sianida.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Oleh karena itu kemudian dimodifikasi berupa
kopolimer dengan monomer lain yang mengandung gugus yang bersifat anionik
seperti karboksil atau sulfonat sehingga serat poliakrilat yang sekarang ini
dapat dicelup dengan zat warna basa yang dalam larutan celup bersifat kationik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDlu04tvC-lyMe3zKRg9vCDrqgIl3z8Pdhp6gEys4uL-2jQt_Zy6xw0290M2RJNG7HhC68Baot7Y23R7aei0_TJ1zCc4oiZfBMLD8ZRB1l1DEPCbLKlE-rhhZ5K0r8BzfbLAauclwjeuQ/s1600/Struktur+Poliakrilat.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;70&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDlu04tvC-lyMe3zKRg9vCDrqgIl3z8Pdhp6gEys4uL-2jQt_Zy6xw0290M2RJNG7HhC68Baot7Y23R7aei0_TJ1zCc4oiZfBMLD8ZRB1l1DEPCbLKlE-rhhZ5K0r8BzfbLAauclwjeuQ/s320/Struktur+Poliakrilat.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pencelupan
Poliakrilat dispersi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Sifat penting
lainnya yang perlu diperhatikan pada proses pencelupan adalah bahwa serat
poliakrilat kurang tahan panas . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pengerjaan panas
diatas 110 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C akan menyebabkan warna serat berubah kekuning-kuningan
hingga hitam akibat berubahnya struktur serat menjadi senyawa lingkar sebagai
berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Struktur
poliakrilat rusak kena panas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;
   &lt;m:smallfrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;
   &lt;m:dispdef&gt;
   &lt;m:lmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
   &lt;m:rmargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
   &lt;m:defjc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;

&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Warna
kain jadi kekuning-kuningan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Oleh
karena itu suhu pencelupan tertinggi untuk serat poliakrilat adalah 105 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/m:wrapindent&gt;

&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Efek pH larutan Celup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk
menjamin terbentuknya kation zat warna basa (seluruh zat warna basa larut
sempurna) maka pencelupan perlu dilakukan dalam suasana asam. Dalam hal ini pH
larutan celup yang optimal adalah 4,5 dan perlu dikontrol dengan ketat,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;bila pH lebih besar
dari 4,5 maka kelarutan zat warna akan agak berkurang dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt; maksimum zat warna akan berubah kearah yang
lebih pendek (corak berubah, contoh dari merah ke arah orange), hasil celup
lebih muda dan kurang rata. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme Pencelupa
Poliakrilat dengan zat warna basa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Karena ikatan yang
terjadi antara serat dan zat warna adalah ikatan ionik maka migrasi zat warna
dalam serat agak sukar, terutama ketika melakukan pencelupan warna muda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Oleh karena itu
pencelupan warna muda relatif akan lebih sukar rata dibanding pencelupan warna
tua, dimana pada pencelupan warna tua masalah sukarnya migrasi zat warna akan
agak tertutup oleh adanya penurunan laju penyerapan zat warna.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ikatan ionik poliakrilat
– zat warna basa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Zat
warna basa secara alami bersifat kationik, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk
mencelup serat akrilat, wool, sutra dan nylon , dimana zat warna basa akan
berikatan secara ionik dengan gugus-gugus sulfonat atau karboksilat yang ada
dalam serat sehingga tahan lunturnya cukup baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdE2G6JdUtuuX7clpznCyNoTyUbJM_JhtQOBLaGy8BczaYfrC1fzilU6oEvvSeJ1P8t13Hx3ONKgyz1_-T_0aNtGj7VciVeKfRPOqYrkIh7eeRz48e0uzJvWHnnyyhrat8iIDUihMeuU/s1600/Ikatan+Poliakrilat+dengan+zat+warna+basa.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;130&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdE2G6JdUtuuX7clpznCyNoTyUbJM_JhtQOBLaGy8BczaYfrC1fzilU6oEvvSeJ1P8t13Hx3ONKgyz1_-T_0aNtGj7VciVeKfRPOqYrkIh7eeRz48e0uzJvWHnnyyhrat8iIDUihMeuU/s320/Ikatan+Poliakrilat+dengan+zat+warna+basa.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Resep Pencelupan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Zat
warna basa&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;x % &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Asam
Asetat 35%&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2 – 3 cc/l&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pendispersi&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;nonionik 0 – 0,5 cc/l &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Suhu&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;100&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Vlot&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;1 : 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/m:defjc&gt;&lt;/m:rmargin&gt;&lt;/m:lmargin&gt;&lt;/m:dispdef&gt;&lt;/m:smallfrac&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/5977289860467429755/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/pencelupan-serat-poliakrilat-dengan-zat.html#comment-form' title='15 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/5977289860467429755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/5977289860467429755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/pencelupan-serat-poliakrilat-dengan-zat.html' title='Pencelupan Serat Poliakrilat dengan Zat Warna Basa'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFFS3tDIEy9zBNByEKQyH_Y1Luq2c2QZu8ItAi2Xazof4wVFPjiJYEalYhaADFBGaru7xRxAjb1p_vKhyphenhyphendf1RQ96FIxKRlK1WP9uiPAAuseUIVY3JjXRdsm3IGvYgg6UykBozK_WNnJUc/s72-c/Vinil+Sianida.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>15</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-4872877284026283558</id><published>2012-01-02T20:28:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-02T20:26:37.323+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><title type='text'>Ikatan antara Zat Warna Dispersi &amp; Poliester</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jenis
ikatan yang terjadi antara gugus fungsional zat warna dispersi dengan serat poliester ada 2&amp;nbsp; macam yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ikatan Hidrogen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ikatan
hidrogen merupakan gaya dipol yang mellibatkan ikatan hidrogen dengan atom lain
yang bersifat elektronegatif. Kebanyakan zat warna dispersi tidak mengadakan
ikatan hidrogen dengan serat poliester karena zzat warna dispersi dan serat
poliester bersifat non polar. Hanya sebagian zat warna dispersi yang mengadakan
ikatan hidrogen dengan serat poliester yaitu zat warna dispersi yang mempunyai
donor proton seperti -OH atau -NH&lt;sub&gt;2.&lt;/sub&gt; Reaksi yang terjadi antara zat
warna dispersi dengan serat poliester adalah sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdTcKJBP4J_fpMKwQOHmU7AdDX1A8oyeCFE0LmNfAoQEkfUYlbZJqJHm9ARZ_95Irp1lTX-a4aYS5cwxLzki_5WHYFP66GUBni4R_nuNIvsBeNlk0tSJI7CV-OUkkd3WP198fm_hqV4Fg/s1600/Ikatan+hidrogen+poliester+dengan+zat+warna+dispersi.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdTcKJBP4J_fpMKwQOHmU7AdDX1A8oyeCFE0LmNfAoQEkfUYlbZJqJHm9ARZ_95Irp1lTX-a4aYS5cwxLzki_5WHYFP66GUBni4R_nuNIvsBeNlk0tSJI7CV-OUkkd3WP198fm_hqV4Fg/s320/Ikatan+hidrogen+poliester+dengan+zat+warna+dispersi.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ikatan
Hidrofobik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Zat
warna dispersi dan serat merupakan senyawa hidrofob dan bersifat non polar.
Ikatan yang terjadi pada senyawa hidrofob dan bersifat non polar. Non polar ini
disebut ikatan hidrofobik. Gaya yang berperan dalam terbentuknya ikatan
hidrofobik antara serat poliester dan zat warna dispersi adalah gaya dispersi
london yang termasuk ke dalam gaya Van Der Waals ( gaya fisika ). Ikatan dari
gaya Van Der Waals sesungguhnya terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu ikatan dipol
dan gaya dispersi london. Akan tetapi sifat zat warna dispersi cenderung non
polar, sehingga gaya yang berperan dalam terbentuknya ikatan antara zat warna
dispersi dan serat poliester adalah gaya dispersi london.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kenapa serat poliester bersifat hidrofob? ayo kita liat alasannya di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/poliester-hidrofob.html&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TKP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/4872877284026283558/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/ikatan-antara-zat-warna-dispersi-dan.html#comment-form' title='4 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4872877284026283558'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4872877284026283558'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/ikatan-antara-zat-warna-dispersi-dan.html' title='Ikatan antara Zat Warna Dispersi &amp; Poliester'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdTcKJBP4J_fpMKwQOHmU7AdDX1A8oyeCFE0LmNfAoQEkfUYlbZJqJHm9ARZ_95Irp1lTX-a4aYS5cwxLzki_5WHYFP66GUBni4R_nuNIvsBeNlk0tSJI7CV-OUkkd3WP198fm_hqV4Fg/s72-c/Ikatan+hidrogen+poliester+dengan+zat+warna+dispersi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-5952205208052611019</id><published>2011-12-30T19:56:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T19:34:48.695+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Zat Aktif Permukaan"/><title type='text'>Mekanisme Deterjensi</title><content type='html'>Pada industri tekstil, banyak sekali proses yang melibatkan deterjensi pada kain. Salah satunya adalah pada proses scouring. Pada proses scouring minyak-minyak/kotoran yang ada pada kain akan dihilangkan dengan proses penyabunan.Dalam kegiatan sehari-hari juga tentunya proses deterjensi akan kita temui. Misalnya saat kita mencuci pakaian, yang tadinya kotor menjadi bersih.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Namun bagaimana mekanisme penghilangan kotoran tersebut???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tentunya penghilangan kotoran akan berjalan jika ada zat aktif permukaan, yang memiliki bagian hidrofil dan hidrofob. bagian hidrofob akan menempel pada kain dan kotoran, sedangkan bagian hidrofil akan menempel pada air (gambar a).&lt;br /&gt;
Dengan adanya ZAP tersebut sudut antarmuka kotoran dengan kain akan semakin membesar, dan kotoran akan berubah menjadi bulat. (gambar b)&lt;br /&gt;
setelah itu, ada hal lain yang sama pentingnya dengan ZAP, yaitu gerakan mekanik dari luar seperti pengadukan, putaran pada mesin cuci ataupun gerakan tangan. Gerakan mekanik ini akan menarik ZAP dan dan kotoran sehingga kotoran akan lepas dan terdispersikan dalam air dan hilang pada saat pembilasan. (gambar c).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie9N4Fsn9qOGRC3_Xy1FjrMe9UZOQhWGjTuuV-QFBRh95ROoLAR5jXNrnHIbQYEoxUnC_vTL0RHNf9GHSlLDBPFPRL6SnEa9oSQNO7sJH8isH7n5Zkl_DeWP435oHLbl4T2Izeq5gG9mA/s1600/Mekanisme+deterjensi.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;178&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie9N4Fsn9qOGRC3_Xy1FjrMe9UZOQhWGjTuuV-QFBRh95ROoLAR5jXNrnHIbQYEoxUnC_vTL0RHNf9GHSlLDBPFPRL6SnEa9oSQNO7sJH8isH7n5Zkl_DeWP435oHLbl4T2Izeq5gG9mA/s320/Mekanisme+deterjensi.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/5952205208052611019/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/mekanisme-deterjensi.html#comment-form' title='2 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/5952205208052611019'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/5952205208052611019'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/mekanisme-deterjensi.html' title='Mekanisme Deterjensi'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie9N4Fsn9qOGRC3_Xy1FjrMe9UZOQhWGjTuuV-QFBRh95ROoLAR5jXNrnHIbQYEoxUnC_vTL0RHNf9GHSlLDBPFPRL6SnEa9oSQNO7sJH8isH7n5Zkl_DeWP435oHLbl4T2Izeq5gG9mA/s72-c/Mekanisme+deterjensi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-6283134645028905970</id><published>2011-12-25T16:29:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T19:34:58.782+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serat Tekstil"/><title type='text'>Membedakan sutra asli atau palsu, silk or silky?</title><content type='html'>hati-hati,,, itulah kata yang dapat saya katakan kepada orang yang suka membeli kain sutra.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
dengan semakin canggihnya teknologi tekstil, banyak produsen yang membuat serat sesuai yang mereka inginkan, apakah kain ingin mengkilap? langsai? tebal? tipis? lemut? bahkan keras sekalipun.&lt;br /&gt;
namun kali ini saya hanya akan memperingatkan kepada orang yang akan mebeli kain sutra yang harganya lumayan mahal. banyak pedagang yang menawarkan produknya dan meyebutkan bahwa produknya terbuat dari sutra. Sekilas kainnya sama, pegangan lembut, dan kain mengkilap. namun apakah itu benar-benar dari sutra?&lt;br /&gt;
okeh kali ini kita bahas mana sutra yang asli dan mana sutra yang palsu alias boongan.&lt;br /&gt;
ada dua istilah yang pertama adalah &quot;silk&quot; yaitu sutra dan yang kedua adalah &quot;silky&quot; bahan yang menyerupai sutra, dengan sifat-sifat yang hampir sama dengan silk.&lt;br /&gt;
bagaimana cara membedakan antara silk dan silky?caranya gampang, walaupun sifat langsai dan kilapnya udah sama, tapi ada satu sifat silk yan tidak dimiliki oleh silky, yaitu bunyi gemerisik sebagai ciri khas dari sutra yang asli/silk.&lt;br /&gt;
untuk mendapatkan suara gemersik itu cukup mudah, kita tiggal menggosokan 2 lembar kain dengan tangan kita, kalo silk akan keluar bunyi gemerisik *kresek kresek kresek,,, he,,, sedangkan untuk silky tidak ada bunyi yang seperti itu&lt;br /&gt;
nah sekarang udah tau kan bedanya silky sama silk, so jangan ketipu lagi ia, beli barang murah dengan harga tinggi ^^,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/6283134645028905970/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/silk-or-silky.html#comment-form' title='3 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/6283134645028905970'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/6283134645028905970'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/silk-or-silky.html' title='Membedakan sutra asli atau palsu, silk or silky?'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-8198041628325381874</id><published>2011-12-25T11:30:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T19:31:44.241+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><title type='text'>Pencelupan poliester belang?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Celup poliester kok masi belang?padahal migrasi zat warna tinggi! Kenapa bisa terjadi? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salah satu proses persiapan penyempurnaan pada kain poliester adalah pengurangan berat, dimana permukaan serat poliester akan dikikis melalui reaksi hidrolisa oleh NaOH. Pada saat terjadinya reaksi hidrolisa tersebut, polimer poliseter akan terputus menjadi monomer-monomer ester. Namun terkadang monomer-monomer itu akan berikatan kembali menjadi oligomer ester dan menempel pada permukaan kain.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
apa yang akan terjadi?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
kali ini saya akan menjelaskan sedikit dampak dari oligomer yang menempel pada permukaan kain.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Jangan aneh jika kita menemukan belang bintik2 berwarna lebih tua dari warna yang kita inginkan. hal tersebut bisa terjadi karena adanya oligomer-oligomer serat poliester yang menempel kembali pada kain setelah proses weight reduce (pengurangan berat). Menempelnya oligomer itu disebabkan pada saat proses weight reduce tidak ditambah zat anti oligomer. Sehingga setelah proses hidrolisa serat, monomer-monomer ester akan kembali membentuk oligomer poliester yang dapat menempel pada kain.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Tapi apa hubungannya dengan terjadinya belang? belang tersebut diakibatkan oleh oligomer yang memiliki derajat polimerisasi lebih rendah daripada polimer poliester, sehingga oligomer tersebut akan lebih menyerap zat warna lebih banyak daripada polimer poliester itu sendiri. Hal itu menyebabkan oligomer berwarna lebih tua dan terbentuklah bintik-bintik berwarna lebih tua pada kain.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/8198041628325381874/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/pencelupan-poliester-belang.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/8198041628325381874'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/8198041628325381874'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/pencelupan-poliester-belang.html' title='Pencelupan poliester belang?'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-8220684564614462306</id><published>2011-12-15T07:38:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-04T20:09:47.499+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sintesis"/><title type='text'>Metoda pembuatan Nano partikel Perak</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nanoteknologi&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nano adalah satuan
panjang sebesar sepertriliun meter (1 nm=10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt;m). Ukuran tersebut
1000x lebih kecil dari diameter rambut manusia (80 1&lt;sup&gt;1/4&lt;/sup&gt;m). Bahan
nano merupakan jembatan antara molekul dan bahan berukuran mikrometer dengan
menggunakan skala nanometer, atau sepersemilyar meter, merupakan teknologi
berbasis pengelolaan materi berukuran nano atau satu per miliar meter, dan merupakan
lompatan teknologi untuk mengubah dunia materi menjadi jauh lebih berharga dari
sebelumnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Ukurannya
yang teramat kecil dan mempunyai jumlah luas permukaan yang besar adalah suatu
ciri yang unik sehingga ia memiliki sifat toksik akibat dari permukaan yang
besar dan berkait rapat. Kajian mendapati kesan toksik yang lebih
tinggi&amp;nbsp;bagi partikel nano dibandingkan bagi bahan yang sama pada ukuran
yang lebih besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Perkembangan nanoteknologi dapat
meningkatkan nilai tambah pada serat tekstil. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nanosilver
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Nano silver merupakan salah satu produk berbasis
nanoteknologi.&lt;em&gt;. &lt;/em&gt;Nano silver bersifat anti bakteri dan anti virus akan
sangat membantu dalam hal mengatasi berbagai masalah yang bisa ditimbulkan oleh
bakteri dan virus. Nano silver ini dalam bentuk &lt;em&gt;colloid&lt;/em&gt; Dalam
aplikasinya dapat digunakan pada tekstil dengan fungsi khusus, salah satunya
adalah sifat antimikroba, untuk menghasilkan produk antimikroba ini dapat
dilakukan melalui rekayasa partikel seperti perak dengan ukuran antara 1 hingga
100 nanometer. Perak merupakan logam yang umum digunakan, karena sifat
toksiknya rendah terhadap kulit manusia. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Tujuan ion silver dibuat nano karena virus, bakteri dan
pathogen adalah partikel yang paling kecil yang hidup dalam organisme biologi.
Agar perak dapat bekerja efektif, maka ukuran perak harus lebih kecil dari pada
virus, bakteri maupun pathogen lainnya.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Pada
prinsipnya cara kerja/degradasi bakteri maupun virus oleh ion silver adalah partikel
perak akan merusak dan menembus dinding sel bakteri, kemudian akan masuk kedalam
gugus tiol bakteri dan berikatan dengan gugus sulfidril pada bakteri sehingga
akan mencegah produksi enzyme pada bakteri. Selanjutnya partikel perak akan
menghambat pertumbuhan DNA dan akhirnya bakteri mati. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Ion
perak bersifat netral didalam air, tahan asam, garam dan berbasa lemah.
Stabilitas yang baik terhadap panas dan cahaya. Memiliki daya anti bakteri yang
tahan lama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Semakin kecil ukuran partikel, pengaruh gaya
gravitasi semakin dapat diabaikan. Sedangkan peningkatan muatan dan kimia
permukaan memungkinkan adanya gaya tolak menolak antar partikel sehingga
partikel dapat terdispersi dalam air.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metode
pembuatan Nanopartikel Perak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;Banyak metoda yang banyak digunakan untuk memproduksi nano partikel, seperti metoda reduksi kimia, fotokimia, sonokimia dan aerosol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metoda
Reduksi Kimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pada metode ini
digunakan proses reaksi reduksi pada garam-garam perak seperti perak nitrat,
perak sulfat, perak perflorat, dan garam-garam yang mengandung perak lainnya. Metode
ini sering digunakan karena alasan kemudahan dan biaya yang relative murah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.1
Zat yang digunakan&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Zat-zat
lain yang digunakan untuk pembuatan nano partikel perak yaitu stabilisator, zat
pengikat, zat pereduksi, aquades, dan katalis untuk mempercepat reaksi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Stabilisator dari zat aktif
permukaan termasuk zap anionic, zap kationik, zap amfoter, dan nonionic.
Stabilisator berfungsi untuk mencegah agregasi dari partikel nano dengan cara
membuat lapisan pelindung antara partikel untuk mempersulit pergerakan atom.
Penelitian yang telah dilakuakn zat-zat yang sering digunakan sebagai stabilisator
pada partikel nano ini adalah sodium deodesil sulfat (SDS), polifinil
pirolidon(PVP), polivinil alcohol (PVA), namun zat yang sering digunakan adalah
PVP. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Zat pereduksi digunakan untuk mereduksi yang
ada pada garam logam menjadi atom, zat –zat pereduksi yang biasa digunakan
ialah, natrium borohibrida (NaBH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), hidrazin (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;),
formaldehd (HCHO), glukosa (C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;.H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O),
trisodium sitrat (2Na.C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;.1H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O),
dan lain-lain. Perbandingan garam perak dengan zat pereduksi yang digunakan
yaitu 1:8.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Zat yang paling sering digunakan
yaitu glukosa, karena glukosa merupakan zat reduktor lemah. Katalis digunakan
untuk mempercepat reaksi. Zat pereduksi akan bekerja pada suasana alkali.
dengan kata lain, penambahan alkali dapat &amp;nbsp;menyelesaikan reaksi dalam waktu jangka
pendek. Senyawa yang digunakan umumnya mengandung ion hidroksida (OH) , contoh
nya seperti NaOH. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Selanjutnya zat yang digunakan yaitu
zat pengikat. Fungsi dari zat ini untuk mengatur konsentrasi ion logam bebas
dalam larutan. Seperti halnya stablisator zat ini berfungsi mencegah
pembentukan agregasi, sehingga ukran partikel dapat diatur. Zat yang biasa
digunakan yaitu urea (CO(NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) karena alasan kemudahan
dan biayanya relative murah&lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.2&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tahapan
proses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Garam
perak dialirkan menggunakan mikrofluida dengan kecepatan aliran antara 3 – 10
ml/menit, sedangkan kecepatan alir zat pereduksi sekitar 1 ml/menit pada suhu 0&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C.
Selanjutnya zat stabilisator dimasukkan dan diaduk pada suhu 10 – 60&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C.
nanopartikel yang terbentuk pada proses ini akan stabil dalam larutan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme reaksi pembuatan nanopartikel perak dari
AgNO3 dengan reduktor trisodium sitrat&lt;sup&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;4Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;Na&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
+ 2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ----&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4Ag&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; + C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; +
3Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.3 Kekurangan dan Kelebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Adapun kekurangan dan kelebihan dari metoda reduksi
kimia adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mudah
dilakukan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Biaya
murah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Peralatan
sederhana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cocok
digunakan untuk skala kecil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Partikel
yang dihasilkan lebih besar dari 40 nm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Distribusi
partikel sulit untuk dikendalikan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membutuhkan
banyak zat kimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Polusi
cukup tinggi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metoda
Foto Kimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.1 Fotokatalis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pembuatan
nanopartikel perak dengan menggunakan metoda ini didasari oleh transformasi
kimiawi perak klorida pada permukaan kain menjadi logam perak dengan bantuan
radiasi tinggi dari sinar UV. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fotokatalisis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; (menurut IUPAC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;uatu reaksi
katalitik y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;ang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;g melibatkan absorpsi cahaya oleh katalis atau substrat tertentu. Dapat juga
didefinisikan sbg suatu proses kombinasi antara fotokimia dan katalis,
yaitu suatu proses transfor-masi kimiawi dg melibatkan cahaya sebagai pemicu
dan katalis sebagai pemercepat proses transformasi tsb (Serpone, 2002)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.2
Tahapan Proses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kain di
benam-peras pada larutan yang mengandung perak nitrat, lalu dikeringkan pada
suhu 60&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. kemudian benam-peras (80%) kembali pada larutan NaCl dan
keringkan kembali. Konsentrasi NaCl pada bak larutan harus diperhitungkan
sesuai dengan stoikiometri agar dapat merubah Perak Nitrat menjadi Perak
Klorida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selanjutnya
kain diradiasi dengan kekuatan tinggi selama 24 detik dengan menggunakan
radiator UV HF4 – CENARO dengan lampu 2850 W. Dengan radiasi tinggi tersebut
dapat menurunkan muatan positif ion logam dan membentuk nanopartikel perak. Hasil
dari cara ini bisa mendapatkan perak dengan ukuran 5-30 nm&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;
 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.3
Kelebihan dan Kekurangan metoda Fotokimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a. Kelebihan dari metoda ini adalah
:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;prosesnya
cepat dan bisa langsung diaplikasikan pada kain sehingga dapat lebih menghemat
waktu dan biaya produksi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jika
kita menghendaki pencelupan warna abu-abu, maka kita dapat mengeliminasi
pencelupan tersebut. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dapat
dilakukan dengan metoda kontinyu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ketahanan
cuci baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kelemahan
dari metoda ini yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kain
yang telah dicelup akan mengalami perbedaan warna menjadi kearah abu, dimana
semakin tinggi konsentrasi perak, perbedaan warna akan semakin tinggi, untuk
konsentrasi perak 1% perbedaan warnanya mencapai 47,747. Warna kain menjadi
semakin gelap (-L*). Untuk mengantisipasi hal itu, pada proses pencelupan
sebaiknya diberi warna hitam agar perbedaan warna tidak terlalu jauh, &amp;nbsp;walaupun hasilnya masih memberikan nilai beda
warna sebesar 2,8%. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;distribusi partikel nano masih besar, yaitu
sekitar 77.7 nm – 824,6 nm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metoda
Sonokimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.1 Proses Sonokimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sonokimia adalah aplikasi ultasonik untuk reaksi dan
proses kimiawi.&amp;nbsp; Sonokimia umumnya
ditunjukan dalam medium cair. Suara ultra sonic yang digunakan sebesar 20 KHz –
1MHz. Suara ultrasonik yang menjalar didalam medium cair sehingga membentuk
gelembung atau rongga (cavity) mikroskopik dengan sangat cepat dan &amp;nbsp;dapat memisahkan ikatan Van der Waals,
membutuhkan tenaga 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;W/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, dilain pihak pada kekuatan
0,3W/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; air akan membentuk hydrogen peroksida. Selanjutnya
gelembung tersebut akan membesar karena ada difusi dari perak. Pada saat volume
maksimum, gelembung-gelembung tersebut akan pecah dan akan meningkatkan
temperature menjadi 5000K dengan tekanan 1000 atmosfer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;memiliki kecepatan pemanasan-pendinginan 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;
K/s. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pada keadaan itu ikatan kimia silver akan
terlepas menjadi nano partikel. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selama
terjadinya gelembung-gelembung, kondisi fisika-kimia suatu reaksi bisa berubah
drastis namun suhu medium yang teramati tetaplah dingin karena proses terbentuk
dan pecahnya gelembung tadi terjadi dalam skala mikroskopik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.2&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metoda
sonokimia dengan teknik radiasi pada kain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Saat
ini banyak dilakukan penelitian metoda disperse sonokimia pada partikel logam
oksida pada tekstil. Pada dasarnya metoda ini sama dengan pembuatan partikel
nanoperak cara sonokimia standar, yaitu dengan menggunakan radiasi ultrasonic,
namun pada metoda ini radiasi dilakukan simultan dengan proses coating pada
kain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Langkah
pertama, siapkan larutan etanol-air, kemudian masukkan perak dioksida. Atur pH
pada suasana alkali dengan menambahkan larutan ammonia sampai pH 8. Hilangkan
sisa CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/udara dengan menggunakan argon selama 1 jam pada suhu 30&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C.
Selanjutnya radiasi dengan ultrasonic intensitas tinggi sebesar 20 kHz dengan
kekuatan 1,5 kW. Terakhir dilakukan pencucian untuk menghilangkan sisa-sisa
ammonia kemudian keringkan dengan udara&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.3&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan
dan Kelebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Adapun
kekurangan dan kelebihan dari proses sonokimia adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Distribusi
ukuran nanaopartikel merata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ukuran
nanopartikel dapat dikontrol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Warna
dan texture kain tidak berubah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pada
saat proses radiasi, bakteri yang ada pada kain akan mati&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Proses
radiasi lama minimum 1 jam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Peralatan
rumit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metoda
Aerosol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Metoda lainnya yaitu
metoda aerosol. Metoda ini akan mendispersikan partikel perak dalam gas,
sehingga muatan pada ion perak akan lebih stabil didalamnya. Zat yang digunakan
adalah eminopropiltrietoksilan, AgNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, air distilasi, dan etanol
sebagai carier gas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.1 Tahapan Proses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aminopropilmethoksilan,
AgNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Air deionisasi, dan ethanol dicampurkan. Kemudian dipanaskan
sampai ethanol menguap sehingga membentuk suspense dalam gas. Pada saat
pemanasan logam perak akan tereduksi oleh etanol membentuk struktur nano
partikel dalam bentuk kerangka matrik silica. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selanjutnya dilakukan
penangkapan partikel, partikel collector di atur pada suhu 80&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C
untuk menjaga partikel aerosol tetap kering dan mencegah aglomerasi. Komposit
nanopartikel dapat terjaga sebagai carrier gas dan terkumpul dalam filter.&lt;sup&gt;[10]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.2
Kekurangan dan Kelebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Adapun kekurangan dan
kelebihan dari metoda ini adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Biaya
produksi rendah untuk skala produksi yang besar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Molekul
terdispersi secara monomolekuler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tahap
penguapan dan reaksinya dapat dikontrol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prosesnya
cepat dan fleksibel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tingkat
polusi rendah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ukuran
partikel dapat dikontrol dengan mudah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bubuk
perak dapat terdispersi dalam air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Peralatan
cukup rumit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak
cocok untuk produksi skala kecil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Beberapa
metode dalam pembuatan nano partikel perak telah banyak dikembangkan untuk
mendapatkan hasil yang baik terhadap ukuran nanopartikel perak ini. Dalam metode
pembuatannya dapat digunakan metode reduksi kimia, metode sonokimia, metode
fotokimia, dan metode aerosol. Pada beberapa metode ini yang banyak digunakan
karena kemudahan dan biayanya yaitu metoda reduksi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PUSTAKA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;_____&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Absorption ans swelling
characteristics of silver (I) anti microbial wound dressings&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Textile
Research Journal vol.78.2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Agus
Haryono, Sri Budi Harmami. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Aplikasi
Nanopartikel Perak pada Serat Katun sebagai Produk Jadi &lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Tekstil&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt; Antimikroba&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Jurnal Kimia
Indonesia. 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Chou
et al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;high concentration Nano Scale
Silver Colloidal Solution and Preparing Process Thereof&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United States
Patent Application Publication. 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Didenko
et al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Controlled Synthesis of
Nanoparticles Using Continuous Liquid-flow Aerosol Method&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United
States Patent Application Publication. 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Durán,
Nelson. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Antibacterial Effect of Silver
Nanoparticles Produced by Fungal Process on Textile Fabrics and Their Effluent
Treatment&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, vol 3. 2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Filipowska,
Barbara, et.al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;New Method For The
Antibacterial And Antifungal Modification Of Silver Finished Textiles&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.
Fibres and Textile in Eastern Europe, vol 19. 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gedanken
et al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Sonochemical Coating of
Textiles with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Fabrics&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.
United States Patent Application Publication. 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gedanken,
Aharon. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Sonochemistry and Its
Aplication to Nanochemistry&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Current Science, vol 85. 2003.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Hussain
et al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Novel &lt;u&gt;Method of Manufacturing
of Silver Oxide Nano Particles&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; United States Patent Application
Publication. 2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;10.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jiang
et al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Aerosol Method for Nano
Silver-Silica Composite Anti-Microbial Agent&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United States Patent
Application Publication. 2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;11.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Johnson.
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Apparatus for Producing Nano-Particles
of Silver&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United States Patent Application Publication. 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;12.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Matsunami
et.al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Nano-particles and Process for
Producing Nano-particles. United States Patent Application Publication&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.
2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;13.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sastry,
et al. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Process for The preparation of
Silver Nanoparticle&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United States Patent Application Publication.
2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;14.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sounderya,
Nagarajan, et al. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Use of Core/Shell
Structured Nanoparticles for Biomedical Aplication&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Biomedical Engineering,
vol 1. 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;15.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sudaryanto,
dkk. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Pembuatan Nanopartikel Magnetik
Berlapis Polimer Biodegradable dengan Metode Sonokimia&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Jurnal Sains
Materi Indonesia, vol 8. 2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;16.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tatang
Wahyudi, Sinta Rismayani. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Aplikasi
Nanoteknologi Pada Bidang Tekstil&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Arena tekstil vol.23 No.2. Balai
Besar Tekstil. 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;17.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yan,
jixiong, et.al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Nano
Silver-Containganti Bacterial And Antifungal Granules And Methods For Preparing
And Using The Same&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United States Patent Application Publication. 2002.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;18.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ylitalo,
et al.. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Silver Ion Releasing Articles
and Method of Manufacture&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. United States Patent Application
Publication. 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/8220684564614462306/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/metoda-pembuatan-nano-partikel-perak.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/8220684564614462306'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/8220684564614462306'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/12/metoda-pembuatan-nano-partikel-perak.html' title='Metoda pembuatan Nano partikel Perak'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-4680412548756597031</id><published>2011-11-07T18:55:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-04T11:24:02.086+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pencelupan / Dyeing"/><title type='text'>Pencelupan Kain T/C dengan ZW Reaktif-Dispersi Metoda One Bath One Stage</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIBaCv9d69RiMp992w8LIjXO7JrDffZxekfY25tkwEveINpS5C1sGH0779piwiTUpMrb6ZQJH8QnLrSkmfm8cut08WfYGevTwCJR9y9Z3XLSmc0WJ-tkjHPoF0GAfsplcD3hcQsnLo3qI/s1600/Skema+1+Bath+1+Stage.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;259&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIBaCv9d69RiMp992w8LIjXO7JrDffZxekfY25tkwEveINpS5C1sGH0779piwiTUpMrb6ZQJH8QnLrSkmfm8cut08WfYGevTwCJR9y9Z3XLSmc0WJ-tkjHPoF0GAfsplcD3hcQsnLo3qI/s320/Skema+1+Bath+1+Stage.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pada
pencelupan kain T/C dengan zat warna disperse-reaktif terdapat beberapa masalah
yaitu sifat bahan terhadap ketahanan kimia, dimana serat polyester tidak tahan
terhadap alkali dan serat kapas tidak tahan terhadap asam. Kedua hal itulah
yang harus diperhatikan dalam pencelupan kain campuran ini sebagai acuan dalam
pemilihan zat warna dan zat pembantu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pemilihan
zat warna untuk pencelupan T/C metoda one bath one stage haruslah tepat. Disini
kita harus memilih zat warna dispersi yang memiliki penodaan pada serat kapas
sekecil mungkin, yaitu zat warna dispersi yang bermolekul besar yaitu zat warna
disperse tipe C atau D. Karena dengan molekulnya yang besar, &amp;nbsp;zat warna akan semakin hidrofob sehingga akan
terjadi tolak menolak dengan serat kapas dan penodaan semakin kecil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk
mempermudah dalam pencelupan juga, bisa dipilih zat warna reaktif yang
fiksasinya dalam suasana netral, yaitu zat warna reaktif dengan gugus reaktif
mononicotineacid triazin, sehingga pemilihan zat warna disperse tidak perlu zat
warnadispersi yang tahan alkali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Penggunaan
zat warna disperse harus dipilih zat warna disperse yang tahan alkali, karena
diakhir pencelupan akan ada penambahan alkali untuk fiksasi zat warna reaktif.
Sehingga kita harus memilih zat warna disperse antrakuinon yang tahan zat
kimia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selain
zat warna disperse, pemilihan zat warna reaktif juga harus tepat. Karena proses
pencelupan dilakukan pada suhu tinggi, maka kita harus memilih zat warna
reaktif yang tahan suhu tinggi, yaitu zat warna reaktif yang bermolekul sangat
besar. Karena pada suhu 130&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C pori-pori serat akan terbuka besar dan
jika menggunakan zw reaktif yang bermolekul kecil maka afiinitasnya akan
berkurang yang diakibatkan oleh zat warna yang keluar masuk serat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selain
ZW, pemilihan zat pembantu juga harus dipilih dengan tepat. Disini harus
dipilih zat pendispersi yang tahan garam, yaitu pendispersi nonionic.
Pendispersi anionic tidak tahan garam, oleh sebab itu jika kita terpaksa
menggunakan pendispersi anionic maka penggunaan garam maksimum adalah 30 g/l,
dan itu biasanya digunakan untuk pencelupan warna muda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;untuk melihat metoda 1 bath 2 stage silakan klik di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/pencelupan-zat-warna-dispersi-reaktif.html&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TKP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/4680412548756597031/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/11/pemilihan-zat-warna-dan-zat-pembantu.html#comment-form' title='4 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4680412548756597031'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4680412548756597031'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/11/pemilihan-zat-warna-dan-zat-pembantu.html' title='Pencelupan Kain T/C dengan ZW Reaktif-Dispersi Metoda One Bath One Stage'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIBaCv9d69RiMp992w8LIjXO7JrDffZxekfY25tkwEveINpS5C1sGH0779piwiTUpMrb6ZQJH8QnLrSkmfm8cut08WfYGevTwCJR9y9Z3XLSmc0WJ-tkjHPoF0GAfsplcD3hcQsnLo3qI/s72-c/Skema+1+Bath+1+Stage.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-7727537543455882405</id><published>2011-11-05T06:40:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T19:35:58.096+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Penyempurnaan"/><title type='text'>Zat anti bakteri ramah lingkugan^^</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Di era globalisasi ini, teknologi di bidang industry semakin hari semakin berkembang. Namun dibalik berkembangnya teknologi tersebut, lingkungan di sekitar rusak dampak dari proses industry. Banyak proses yang menggunakan zat-zat kimia tanpa ada penanganan dari industry itu sendiri. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Di industry tekstil banyak zat-zat kimia yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan, penggunaan asam, basa ataupun zat-zat pembantu lainnya dalam proses manufaktur tekstil dapat merusak lingkungan. Oleh karena itu saat ini banyak dilakukan penelitian material-material industry yang ramah lingkungan sehingga lingkungan kita akan tetap terjaga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Beberapa dekade terakhir, banyak perkembangan berbagai teknologi anti bakteri yang meningkatkan kesadaran tentang kebersihan dan gaya hidup sehat. Beberapa zat kimia anti bakteri seperti triklosan, logam dan garam-garamnya, logam organic, fenol, dan senyawa ammonium kuarteer, telah dikembangkan dan bahkan dikomersialkan. Walaupun zat-zat anti bakteri sintesi dapat bekerja dengan efektif membunuh bakteri, zat-zat ini memiliki efek lain terhadap lingkungan yaitu dapat mencemari lingkungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, kita harus merujuk pada ekologi alam, &amp;nbsp;karena alam tidak mengenal limbah, limbah dari suatu individu akan menjadi makanan bagi individu lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tanpa kita sadari, banyak sekali potensi alam yang dapat kita gunakan untuk bidang tekstil. Dengan menggunakan material dari alam, tentunya sifat dari material tersebut tidak akan merusak lingkungan (Ecofriendly). Berbagai macam tanaman dapat kita gunakan untuk berbagai proses manufacturing tekstil seperti untuk proses pencelupan, berupa zat warna alam ataupun penyempurnaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Saat ini dikembangkan berbagai bahan dari alam untuk digunakan dalam proses penyempurnaan anti bakteri pada pakaian. Bahan-bahan itu adalah:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Chitosan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Chitosan [poly- (1-4) - 2- amino- 2- deoxy - b-D-glucan], suatu senyawa polisakarida hasil dari deasetilasi dari chitin, dapat berfungsi sebagai zat anti bakteri yang didapat dari cangkang kelas &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Crustacea&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sifat anti bakteri dan anti jamur dari chitosan dipercayai berasal dari polikationik alam yang dapat mengikat permukaan sel bakteri dan setelah itu menghambat perkembangan bakteri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Chitosan dapat digunakan pada serat kapas dengan bantuan zat pengikat silang seperti glutarik dialdehid and asam polikarboksilat, dengan proses padding kain katun yang telah di beri chitosan dan asam sitrat kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses curing dengan suhu tinggi. Chito-oligosascharides dapat juga digunakan pada serat kapas tanpa menggunakan zat pengikat silang untuk memberikan sifat anti bakteri dan anti jamur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkEIreoJlyhzYjf1PD7kkL1pn34fXlZKZbr4Y4oJikwxm-aBAUCthGx_be2pmM3Khfo6sS87_hzFXsJznjqwZXBt5pqzlgGX0eP3E7R0P7ltWyhgICGG-O8nzpVezfTHaizfy6PHSajA/s1600/kitosan+copy.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkEIreoJlyhzYjf1PD7kkL1pn34fXlZKZbr4Y4oJikwxm-aBAUCthGx_be2pmM3Khfo6sS87_hzFXsJznjqwZXBt5pqzlgGX0eP3E7R0P7ltWyhgICGG-O8nzpVezfTHaizfy6PHSajA/s320/kitosan+copy.jpg&quot; width=&quot;314&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;struktur kimia kitin dan kitosan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Serisin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Serisin merupakan protein makromolekul yang berasal dari kepompong &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Bombyk mori&lt;/i&gt; dan kandungan serisin tersebut sebesar 25-30%.&amp;nbsp; Serisin biasanya dihilangkan pada proses pemasakan kain sutra yang kita kenal sebagai &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;degumming&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sifat dari serat sintetik dapat ditingkatkan dengan melapisi serat dengan serisin sutra. Serisin memodifikasi serat polyester telah diteliti oleh Yamada &amp;amp; Matsunaga dan Wakabayashi dan Sugioka. Modikikasi polyester oleh serisin menyebabkan serat enjadi lima kali lebih hidrofil dibandingkan dengan polyester yang tidak disempurnakan. Walaupun aplikasi serisin sebagai zat anti bakteri tidak dapat dijelaskan, tapi telah ditemukan bahwa serisin (4%) yang menyempurnakan kain polyester menunjukkan terjadi penurunan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;P. vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; sebesar 51% dan 38% untuk &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mahoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mahoni (&lt;i&gt;Azadirachta indica&lt;/i&gt;), pohon dari india yang diakui sebagai salah satu senyawa yang dapat mengontrol serangga, anti bakteri dan obat. Mahoni biasa digunakan sebagai obat tradisional zaman dulu di india. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lebih dari 300 senyawa aktif yang berbeda telah dilaporkan berasal dari bagian-bagian yang berbeda pula pada pohon mahoni ini. Namun senyawa yang paling penting adalah limonoids seperti azadirachtin, salannin dan nimbin. Ektrak mahoni telah digunakan secara luas untuk pestisida herbal karena memiliki sifat anti hama dan memiliki potensi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri baik itu gram negative ataupun positif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Penerapan pada bidang tekstil sebagai zat anti bakteri beberapa paten menggunakan minyak mahoni menggunakan teknik mikrokapsul pada kain kapas, campuran poliester kapas ataupun pada kain wol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMjBdT6lLDBfgd7UBMVJ1H_M5IpD2bPTDygOtsXNdt2ynPYqwVU42EpG_LeCNnuL5DdBk00zPYEhVWNik9r22LoihdY1vXw0H7qfiqmBFrwFy-fng9OjhtJ1Oji7RiF4I4BdX77_i29TY/s1600/limonoid.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;252&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMjBdT6lLDBfgd7UBMVJ1H_M5IpD2bPTDygOtsXNdt2ynPYqwVU42EpG_LeCNnuL5DdBk00zPYEhVWNik9r22LoihdY1vXw0H7qfiqmBFrwFy-fng9OjhtJ1Oji7RiF4I4BdX77_i29TY/s320/limonoid.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;                                                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Limonoid aktif pada mahoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Zat-zat warna alam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Banyak zat warna alam yang berasal dari tanaman seperti buah pomegranate dilaporkan memiliki potensi sebagai zat anti bakteri karena mengandung banyak tannin didalamnya. Kunyit yang sering digunakan sebagai zat warna alam untuk pakaian dan makanan juga berpotensi sebagai zat anti bakteri pada kain wool.&amp;nbsp; Han dan Yang &amp;nbsp;melakukan proses penyempurnaannya dengan cara pencelupan, untuk memberikan warna sekaligus memberikan sifat anti bakteri pada kain wol itu. Ketahanan lunturnya semi-durable, dan lebih tahan terhadap pencucian daripada terhadap sinar. Setelah pencucian rumah tangga 30 kali dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dan E. Coli sebesar 45% dan 30%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKP6Y093qRo_5CJosLyonn7eSRk0pccYvoxaVwVBJWELbD51Y_shkaQVe6Qj3dj3mr8qAX0w10dIT4i0K-871Rh7NcSkTphdb_Sd5faRBMSs5w4PwMVBj3oEhiePVP-cTh19mWzvSFytg/s1600/kunyit.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;78&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKP6Y093qRo_5CJosLyonn7eSRk0pccYvoxaVwVBJWELbD51Y_shkaQVe6Qj3dj3mr8qAX0w10dIT4i0K-871Rh7NcSkTphdb_Sd5faRBMSs5w4PwMVBj3oEhiePVP-cTh19mWzvSFytg/s320/kunyit.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Struktur kimia Kunyit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Selain itu tannin yang berasal dari polifenol, dapat memberikan sifat anti bakteri lebih luas lagi dengan cara : &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;menghambat metabolism energy dari enzim,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;menghalangi pembentukan membrane sel, menghalangi pembentukan membrane sel, membentuk ion logam kompleks, dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDtCMro1q6ZAe6sGgiyY6pCjkAel2YxZNo_Olqxt5SHxjT7EvL8RjROFgpiu-VDed7gbeNn1QPYLAzGjG6cdeKHfvAzfKeR-snnsxZeOUGxVH7acCLWi89SOr-sfUY6SvkeQHjtd7pU04/s1600/tanin.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDtCMro1q6ZAe6sGgiyY6pCjkAel2YxZNo_Olqxt5SHxjT7EvL8RjROFgpiu-VDed7gbeNn1QPYLAzGjG6cdeKHfvAzfKeR-snnsxZeOUGxVH7acCLWi89SOr-sfUY6SvkeQHjtd7pU04/s320/tanin.jpg&quot; width=&quot;278&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Struktur kimia tanin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lidah buaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lidah buaya selama ini banyak digunakan untuk perawatan kulit. Suatu penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam lidah buaya mengandung 75 nutrisi dan 200 senyawa aktif, termasuk 20 mineral, 18 asam amino, dan 12 vitamin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lidah buaya juga memiliki sifat anti jamur dan anti bakteri yang dapat diterapkan pada tekstil medis, seperti pada benang jahit, pakaian, tekstil bioaktif dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pada aloevera terdapat polisakarida yang berbeda seperti glukomanan yang memiliki perbedaan berat molekul seperti asetil glukomanan, galaktogalakturan, glukogalaktomanan yang memiliki perbedaan komposisi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Beberapa tahun lalu, dilakukan penelitian oleh Wasif dkk, untuk menerapkan penyempurnaan anti bakteri pada kain tenun kapas menggunakan gel lidah buaya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan konsentrasi gel aloevera sebesar 5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 g/l ditambahkan zat pengikat silang glioksal (100 g/l), menggunakan metoda pad-dry-crure. Hasilnya terjadi penurunan koloni bakteri mencapai 80%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIrIVG07NPUM74va3KgoF5z96gxkfKH7ukU5ymcHwVBvNTizP1bTTkASqGs9POmPRBOoFJrgw3-QVjkhhyZQybAD9lq2EjnKCqYM6mtQGSI8_j3Zekp-L5juiVjBcZ5x8f7W-B_aloIHI/s1600/limonoid.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;252&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIrIVG07NPUM74va3KgoF5z96gxkfKH7ukU5ymcHwVBvNTizP1bTTkASqGs9POmPRBOoFJrgw3-QVjkhhyZQybAD9lq2EjnKCqYM6mtQGSI8_j3Zekp-L5juiVjBcZ5x8f7W-B_aloIHI/s320/limonoid.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kompoen gel lidah buaya yang berpotensi sebagai zat anti bakteri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Banyak zat –zat anti bakteri lainnya, namun kali ini hanya bisa dijelaskan sampai disini, he,,,,, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;By : die301&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/7727537543455882405/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/10/zat-anti-bakteri-ramah-lingkugan.html#comment-form' title='3 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7727537543455882405'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7727537543455882405'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2011/10/zat-anti-bakteri-ramah-lingkugan.html' title='Zat anti bakteri ramah lingkugan^^'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkEIreoJlyhzYjf1PD7kkL1pn34fXlZKZbr4Y4oJikwxm-aBAUCthGx_be2pmM3Khfo6sS87_hzFXsJznjqwZXBt5pqzlgGX0eP3E7R0P7ltWyhgICGG-O8nzpVezfTHaizfy6PHSajA/s72-c/kitosan+copy.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-4739875438264114968</id><published>2010-12-20T11:39:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T04:51:15.154+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Mekanisme Pencelupan Serat Poliester dengan ZW Dispersi  Cara Carrier</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
Struktur serat poliester yang begitu rapat membuat proses pencelupan sedikit sulit jika peralatan yang tersedia terbatas. Zat warna akan sulit untuk berdifusi ke dalam serat poliester, karena ukuran zat warna yang sedikit lebih besar daripada pori-pori serat. Namun hal itu dapat diatasi dengan metoda pencelupan cara carrier/zat pengemban yang dapat membantu zat warna untuk berdifusi ke dalam serat. Tapi bagaimana zat pengemban dapat membantu difusi zat warna dispersi???Nah kali ini saya akan sedikit menerangkan mekanisme kerja zat pengemban pada proses pencelupan zat warna dispersi.&lt;br /&gt;
Zat warna disperse bisa masuk ke dalam serat diakibatkan oleh putusnya ikatan hydrogen intramolekuler oleh zat pengemban yang masuk ke dalam serat. Dengan putusnya ikatan tersebut menyebabkan pori-pori serat polyester terbuka. Setelah itu zat warna dapat masuk ke dalam serat&amp;nbsp; dan mendorong zat pengemban untuk keluar dari serat. Keluarnya zat pengemban dapat terjadi karena molekul zat warna lebih besar daripada molekul zat pengemban, sehingga afinitas zat warna terhadap serat akan lebih besar daripada zat pengemban. Setelah itu akan terjadi fiksasi zat warna dan pori-pori serat akan menutup kembali sehingga ketahanan luntur terhadap pencuciannya baik.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
Mekanisme pencelupan digambarkan oleh gambar di bawah ini:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi781wk84JCGTKWu_nfTPqfXqaQ6PU2OnEJzZkhKH54gmZ5Bg1bz5k30Lf5eZJwWFS85CQeeSxL2Ox_ZvoBaKqwg120tD1XufmQ2k3GIYZiiMcQYXQhn4cQmvRydQOVL2wSq4PHxcXBD4s/s1600/Mekanisme+Pencelupan.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;191&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi781wk84JCGTKWu_nfTPqfXqaQ6PU2OnEJzZkhKH54gmZ5Bg1bz5k30Lf5eZJwWFS85CQeeSxL2Ox_ZvoBaKqwg120tD1XufmQ2k3GIYZiiMcQYXQhn4cQmvRydQOVL2wSq4PHxcXBD4s/s320/Mekanisme+Pencelupan.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Untuk melihat ikatan-ikatan antara zat warna dispersi dengan serat poliester bisa dilihat di &lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2012/01/ikatan-antara-zat-warna-dispersi-dan.html&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TKP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/4739875438264114968/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/mekanisme-pencelupan-cara-carrier.html#comment-form' title='6 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4739875438264114968'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4739875438264114968'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/mekanisme-pencelupan-cara-carrier.html' title='Mekanisme Pencelupan Serat Poliester dengan ZW Dispersi  Cara Carrier'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi781wk84JCGTKWu_nfTPqfXqaQ6PU2OnEJzZkhKH54gmZ5Bg1bz5k30Lf5eZJwWFS85CQeeSxL2Ox_ZvoBaKqwg120tD1XufmQ2k3GIYZiiMcQYXQhn4cQmvRydQOVL2wSq4PHxcXBD4s/s72-c/Mekanisme+Pencelupan.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-7530670248049585686</id><published>2010-12-20T11:22:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T04:59:56.038+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Mekanisme Kerja Carrier</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa struktur serat polyester rapat. Namun bagaimana zat warna bisa masuk ke dalam serat??? Berikut ini adalah mekanisme kerja zat pengemban:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Penggelembungan serat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cara kerja carrier diterangkan dengan efek penggelembungan terhadap serat. Serat yang menggelembung memudahkan molekul zat warna berdifusi lebih cepat ke dalam serat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;E. Waters, J.S.D.C. 66, 614 (1950)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori pendekatan embibisi air &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Carrier mengandung gugus hidrofob menyebabkan difusi yang cepat kedalam serat polyester.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bagian aromatik dari molekul zat pengemban mempunyai daya van der wals dengan serat hidrofob dan gugus hidrofil dapat menarik air untuk meningkatkan pergerakan larutan zat warna sehingga terjadi &amp;nbsp;peningkatan kecepatan celup.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;T. Vickesstaff, Halogen Digest.20, 7, ICI Bulletin, (1954)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemindahan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Carrier membentuk suatu kompleks dengan zat warna, dan kombinasi zat warna-carrier terabsorbsi kedalam serat lebih cepat daripada zat warna dalam pelarut air.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;T. Vickerstaff, Halogen Diggest.20./. ICI Buletin, (1954)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Peningkatan kelarutan zat warna&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dengan adanya carrier memberikan peningkatan kelarutan zat warna dalam air dan kecepatan celup diharapkan meningkat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;C.L. Zimmerman, J.M. Mecco dan A.J. Carlino A.D&amp;gt;R. 44. 301 (1995)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Lapisan Film&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Carrier mengelilingi serat dengan lapisan film.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam lapisan film carrier konsentrasi zat warna yang terkandung lebih banyak daripada pada larutan celup.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;H.E. Millson, A.D.R. 44, 436 (1955)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Pelarutan Serat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Carrier terabsorbsi ke dalam serat. Di dalam serat carrier bertindak sebagai “co-fiber” yang larut dan mendorong zat warna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Peningkatan Tempat Melekat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Carrier meningkatkan perbandingan bagian amorf yang dapat dicelup dengan daerah kristalin yang sulit dicelup. Dengan menurunkan kristalinitas, daerah yang dapat dicelup meningkat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;AATCC Piedoment Section, A.D.R 48, No. 22. 34 (1959)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Pelumasan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Zat pengemban bertindak sebagai pelumas, menggeser rantai polimer serat dan memutuskan ikatan silang yang ada, sehingga difusi molekul akan lebih mudah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;J.J. Schuler: Textile Research J. 27, 358 (1957)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Plastisasi Struktur Serat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Carrier berdifusi kedalam serat serat dengan cepat karena ukuran carrier yang lebih kecil. Carrier terabsorbsi kedalam rantai polimer dengan mengurangi gaya Van Der Waals’ dalam ikatan hydrogen. Carrier larut dalam molekul serat, dan mengurangi gaya intra-molekuler pada ikatan antara serat dengan serat dengan menggantikan ikatan tersebut menjadi ikatan serat-carrier yang lebih lemah untuk membuat banyak “lubang”, sehingga mempercepat difusi zat warna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;F. Fortess V.S. Salvin : Textile Research J. 28, 1009 (1958)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;E. Elod : Melliand Textilbr. 41, 195 (1960)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;Untuk lebih jelasnya, kita lihat bagaimana carier bekerja pada pencelupan serat poliester ini di &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/mekanisme-pencelupan-cara-carrier.html&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TKP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/7530670248049585686/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/mekanisme-kerja-carrier.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7530670248049585686'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7530670248049585686'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/mekanisme-kerja-carrier.html' title='Mekanisme Kerja Carrier'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-6967685464346026860</id><published>2010-12-13T20:05:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T05:01:47.850+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Poliester Hidrofob ???</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Poliester merupakan serat buatan yang dibuat dari asam tereftalat dan etilena glikol. MR Poliester adalah 0,4. Karena daya serapnya yang kecil, menunjukkan bahwa serat polyester bersifat hidrofob. Namun apa yang menyebabkan serat polyester bersifat hidrofob, akan saya jelaskan beberapa alasan mengapa serat ini bersifat hidrofob.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Derajat Kristalinitas Tinggi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Derajat kristalinitas adalah perbandingan daerah kristalin dengan daerah. Pada polyester daerah amorf hanya sedikit, umumnya dalam struktur polyester tersusun oleh daerah kristalin, sehingga daya serapnya kecil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Struktur Linier&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnZ5GiyXV-XV5ROBASq1_MxMPhRC-YlETQgzUcaWer9BSInsqNADJmaRmQn6xLsChneOYuVjh4RejARMXAzGn5uLGLTN218tjAK0GGeaf95aItv3ZPt0sX2UJgiX2BiDosCRsKtC68v4/s1600/1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnZ5GiyXV-XV5ROBASq1_MxMPhRC-YlETQgzUcaWer9BSInsqNADJmaRmQn6xLsChneOYuVjh4RejARMXAzGn5uLGLTN218tjAK0GGeaf95aItv3ZPt0sX2UJgiX2BiDosCRsKtC68v4/s1600/1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mampu mengadakan ikatan antar rantai polimer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;height: 23px; left: 0px; margin-left: 168px; margin-top: 49px; position: absolute; width: 20px; z-index: 251667456;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Karena ada gaya antar rantai polimernya, yaitu gaya dipole menyebabkan serat polyester rapat. Hal itu dapat digambarkan dibawah ini:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3xfJR7XzoeRRyBVAZkw4nEpUDpBOT27v3YQYDKq_8gP8EUKt60FwRlNi4hPOcqqPaAlwEPUx_YLZafBqiWEyIm3gKonNgDtwTIPgnnjxgUy5lpsN4r-KYomGZxf-F3MRP64UVKkbB4d0/s1600/2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;210&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3xfJR7XzoeRRyBVAZkw4nEpUDpBOT27v3YQYDKq_8gP8EUKt60FwRlNi4hPOcqqPaAlwEPUx_YLZafBqiWEyIm3gKonNgDtwTIPgnnjxgUy5lpsN4r-KYomGZxf-F3MRP64UVKkbB4d0/s320/2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dengan adanya gaya dipol tersebut menyebabkan serat poliester lebih rapat dari serat lainnya kecuali nylon yang berikatan hidrogen antar rantai polimer, sehingga lebih rapat dari serat poliester.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/6967685464346026860/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/poliester-hidrofob.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/6967685464346026860'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/6967685464346026860'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/poliester-hidrofob.html' title='Poliester Hidrofob ???'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnZ5GiyXV-XV5ROBASq1_MxMPhRC-YlETQgzUcaWer9BSInsqNADJmaRmQn6xLsChneOYuVjh4RejARMXAzGn5uLGLTN218tjAK0GGeaf95aItv3ZPt0sX2UJgiX2BiDosCRsKtC68v4/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-4061965588730946664</id><published>2010-12-13T19:56:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-12-13T19:56:08.402+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Zat Anti reduksi pada pencapan polyester</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam proses pencapan kain polyester dengan zat warna disperse umumnya ditambahkan zat anti reduksi pada pasta cap. Fungsinya yaitu untuk mencegah reduksi. Apa yang akan tereduksi dan kenapa bisa terjadi proses reduksi???Kali ini saya akan sedikit menjelaskan kenapa pada proses pencapan kain polyester memakai zat anti reduksi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pada proses pencapan dengan zat warna disperse umumnya menggunakan pengental alginate yang strukturnya seperti selulosa. Selain itu zat warna disperse bekerja pada suasana asam. Dengan adanya penambahan asam pada pasta cap akan merusak pengental sehingga terbentuk oksiselulosa, dan dapat membentuk gugus aldehid yang akan menghasilkan H&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4Z4qI40TKdsXV5yDujIuDy9LPT5Efg6aA2BeJ_J8oJKKSbFHZhEbwZd11jenYcqo9GB4qc50oPDYCCRmrbsORfN5awecmpvF4feFmpKjKiHC3h5CiY4nOSeFHNUIRnggeCfUdjc14yM/s1600/1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;107&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4Z4qI40TKdsXV5yDujIuDy9LPT5Efg6aA2BeJ_J8oJKKSbFHZhEbwZd11jenYcqo9GB4qc50oPDYCCRmrbsORfN5awecmpvF4feFmpKjKiHC3h5CiY4nOSeFHNUIRnggeCfUdjc14yM/s320/1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; yang dihasilkan dari gugus aldehid akan merusak gugus azo pada zat warna, yang dapat menyebabkan zat warna menjadi tidak berwarna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsVUNf3z_fgZSLsl9wwAhKHQieyZrLGwrlHyf7_T1caW7ot4mbXZ3vIPsY5FqkLnTG13DCsz0BHxKgL4aPJzXg-IkF9Yg5x1T7HdrkXbpdeYG-5-I4pmO2lVB9urD-e-ukvewcxDCLLf8/s1600/2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;69&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsVUNf3z_fgZSLsl9wwAhKHQieyZrLGwrlHyf7_T1caW7ot4mbXZ3vIPsY5FqkLnTG13DCsz0BHxKgL4aPJzXg-IkF9Yg5x1T7HdrkXbpdeYG-5-I4pmO2lVB9urD-e-ukvewcxDCLLf8/s320/2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Alternatif lain untuk mencegah pereduksian zat warna adalah dengan mengganti pengental menjadi polifinil akrilat, yang lebih aman karena tidak akan terjadi reduksi zat warna. Sehingga tidak diperlukan zat anti reduksi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/4061965588730946664/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/zat-anti-reduksi-pada-pencapan.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4061965588730946664'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/4061965588730946664'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/12/zat-anti-reduksi-pada-pencapan.html' title='Zat Anti reduksi pada pencapan polyester'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4Z4qI40TKdsXV5yDujIuDy9LPT5Efg6aA2BeJ_J8oJKKSbFHZhEbwZd11jenYcqo9GB4qc50oPDYCCRmrbsORfN5awecmpvF4feFmpKjKiHC3h5CiY4nOSeFHNUIRnggeCfUdjc14yM/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-1807332926520098807</id><published>2010-10-13T21:19:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-13T21:19:47.665+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Zat Warna Mordan Kompleks Logam (Bagian 2. Azzo)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Seperti halnya pada zat warna antrakuinon, zat warna azzo juga dapat dijadikan sebagai zat warna kompleks logam. Syaratnya adalah zat warna tersebut memiliki gugus hidroksil (-OH) pada posisi orto terhadap gugus azzo zat warna. Mekanisme pembentukan senyawa kompleks logam pada zat warna azzo sama dengan pembentukan kompleks logam pada zat warna antrakuinon, yang dapat digambarkan sebagai beriku:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXY87iRQ86rBAo7FsUyGbnnAxF-ZcfKbVZBk40mbAZOm_WKj5GH2fUuKGl_ebvmfAo1CM7E0wf9hBQKB4_AzfGiig5WiV_WmI0raQlBBwy098MBd1HnFia6rc0XJIhh7rJ7ZGA24ubB28/s1600/skema1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;228&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXY87iRQ86rBAo7FsUyGbnnAxF-ZcfKbVZBk40mbAZOm_WKj5GH2fUuKGl_ebvmfAo1CM7E0wf9hBQKB4_AzfGiig5WiV_WmI0raQlBBwy098MBd1HnFia6rc0XJIhh7rJ7ZGA24ubB28/s320/skema1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bagaimanapun, ikatan yang terbentuk kurang stabil, karena gugus hidroksi pada posisi orto terhadap gugus azo tidak cukup menahan atom kromium dengan zat warna azo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Zat warna azoturunan asam sulfat, pengikatan logamnya dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaksdgNmxr_D6beJ6w-F-9ki7CgSszcAyVhPNExou2BYKzkzwmLHqRwNKHRixfU1h9EcWyNecEHejLMrxqcWWVtE5rAqYgFzXMOrjpa40ATU-pAmBReeajQ7xJACoLzuHBdFRJeeYvsn0/s1600/skema2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;155&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaksdgNmxr_D6beJ6w-F-9ki7CgSszcAyVhPNExou2BYKzkzwmLHqRwNKHRixfU1h9EcWyNecEHejLMrxqcWWVtE5rAqYgFzXMOrjpa40ATU-pAmBReeajQ7xJACoLzuHBdFRJeeYvsn0/s320/skema2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 91.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Satu, dua, tiga atom kromium dapat diikat oleh zat warna, dan muatan kompleknya yaitu +, -, atau - - -. Dengan turunan asam sulfat tidak ada peningkatan ketahanan cahaya seperti hasil dari pengikatan logam lainnyal, jika dibandingkan dengan zat warna&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;oo’-&lt;/i&gt;dihidroksiazo, dimana formasi kompleks meningkatkan stabilitas ikatan azo. Dengan cara yang sama, tidak ada perubahan warna, karena produksi warna gugus azo, kromofor tidak berpengaruh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/1807332926520098807/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/10/zat-warna-mordan-kompleks-logam-bagian.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/1807332926520098807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/1807332926520098807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/10/zat-warna-mordan-kompleks-logam-bagian.html' title='Zat Warna Mordan Kompleks Logam (Bagian 2. Azzo)'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXY87iRQ86rBAo7FsUyGbnnAxF-ZcfKbVZBk40mbAZOm_WKj5GH2fUuKGl_ebvmfAo1CM7E0wf9hBQKB4_AzfGiig5WiV_WmI0raQlBBwy098MBd1HnFia6rc0XJIhh7rJ7ZGA24ubB28/s72-c/skema1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-7637754673879587481</id><published>2010-08-09T17:01:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-08-09T17:01:20.410+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Zat Warna Mordan  Kompleks Logam (Bagian 1. Antrakuinon)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pada mulanya zat warna asam pada alizarin, logwood, weld dan fustic dapat mencelup apabila bahannya dimordan terlebih dahulu dengan krom hidroksida, timbal atau alumunium. Namun dengan adanya perkembangan zat warna sintetik, maka diproduksi zat warna alizarin dengan penambahan gugus-gugus kromofor seperti antrakuinon, sehingga pemakainya zat warna mordan dapat digunakan lebih luas lagi. Zat warna mordan dapat mencelup serat-serat protein, serat poliamida dan serat selulosa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Proses mordan bergantung pada elemen logam yang berfungsi sebagai penerima (akseptor) terhadap pemberi elektron (donor) untuk membentuk ikatan karbonat (semi polar). Di dalam ikatan kovalen, setiap partisipan menghasilkan satu elektron, tetapi ikatan koordinat bergantung pada satu atom (radikal) dengan satu atom lebih pasangan elektron bebas yang memberikan satu atau lebih pasangan elektron bebas kepada aseptor yang mempunyai lintasan kosong. Di dalam struktur molekulnya digambarkan oleh tanda panah dari donor ke aseptor untuk menyatakan adanya ikatan kordinat. Misalnya ikatan kompleks antara molekul alizarin dengan atom krom oleh 3 ion dalam ikatan kordinat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak semua zat warna antrakuinon dapat dijadikan sebagai zat warna kompleks logam. Syarat terpenting dari pembentukan senyawa kompleks logam yaitu harus memiliki guguh hidroksil pada posisi orto terhadap&amp;nbsp; gugus karbonil pada senyawa tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sebagai contoh, mekanisme formasi kompleks dengan sebuah garam kromium dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvYQNisO-n1HN2K7-d263K6MtyKUT3tLPwuou33whWK0OiQxbpz5h_B8qv-BipZ1pCuEwr4Ni5uHa560kOM7DhfYMbrD262i2Mx1O9cWJ-cT3jyB18myxDXsgdZHxuPUuRBpj4k5X_Dc/s1600/skema1.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;178&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvYQNisO-n1HN2K7-d263K6MtyKUT3tLPwuou33whWK0OiQxbpz5h_B8qv-BipZ1pCuEwr4Ni5uHa560kOM7DhfYMbrD262i2Mx1O9cWJ-cT3jyB18myxDXsgdZHxuPUuRBpj4k5X_Dc/s400/skema1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tahap pertama terdiri dari kombinasi kromium dengan alizarin. Campuran tersebut tidak mengion dan berikatan secara kovalen. Sejak kromium trivalen, itu dapat menggantikan tiga atom hydrogen, sehingga berikatan dengan tiga molekul alizarin, tapi, agar lebih mudah, hanya satu molekul yang digambarkan, dengan Cr/3. Ikatan yang lain, yang muncul pada tahap kedua dan digambarkan oleh sebuah anak panah, itu adalah ikatan koordinat; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdUTHm5midqJodo4Cj1Na7-Augs9pnuqO2Niklq1qKJrpjogUAN9jVvVIRd3lIwzqYujPHHRPGN9np78jECx3ajT_tlachfbDMCHjJg-0hmqvJYspDPmb-6tAIGqj0t7a-NrAobKPPMcA/s1600/skema2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;146&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdUTHm5midqJodo4Cj1Na7-Augs9pnuqO2Niklq1qKJrpjogUAN9jVvVIRd3lIwzqYujPHHRPGN9np78jECx3ajT_tlachfbDMCHjJg-0hmqvJYspDPmb-6tAIGqj0t7a-NrAobKPPMcA/s200/skema2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Garis putus-putus menggambarkan ikatan koordinat dan garis hitam menggambarkan ikatan kovalen yang timbul dari valensi primer. Penggunaan garis putus-putus atau anak panah mengindikasikan sebagai jenis ikatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Atom metal dalam zat warna metal komplek digambarkan dengan Morgan sebagai ikatan yang kuat oleh dua buah ikatan dari masing-masing molekul zat warna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/7637754673879587481/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/08/zat-warna-mordan-kompleks-logam-bagian.html#comment-form' title='3 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7637754673879587481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7637754673879587481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/08/zat-warna-mordan-kompleks-logam-bagian.html' title='Zat Warna Mordan  Kompleks Logam (Bagian 1. Antrakuinon)'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvYQNisO-n1HN2K7-d263K6MtyKUT3tLPwuou33whWK0OiQxbpz5h_B8qv-BipZ1pCuEwr4Ni5uHa560kOM7DhfYMbrD262i2Mx1O9cWJ-cT3jyB18myxDXsgdZHxuPUuRBpj4k5X_Dc/s72-c/skema1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-5105985539903248345</id><published>2010-08-07T16:51:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-08-07T17:42:44.361+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Zat Warna Mordan Turunanan Tripenil Metan</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Turunan hidroksitripenilmetan menimbulkan system resonansi anionik yang terisokonjugasi dengan zat warna&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;koresponden substitusi amino. Misalnya, analog oxonol Malacid Green adalah benzaurine (skema 1). Bentuk netral quinonoid yang kuning muda (gb 1), menghasilkan anion violet (gb. 2) pada penambahan alkali; dalam larutan asam kuat bentuk netral terprotonasi untuk memberikan sistem resonansi muatan kationik (gb. 3) yang berwarna ungu juga. Analog Sistem trihidriksitripenil metan&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah aurine. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///D:/skema1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBwfZtKLQWm2FU27tw2lnFdcrpsugMcLjQbMyHL3x2FfRi0SH1Kb63cFXe-zE6zeM4jvPHR90WBoUGcrmlImJLkWy8nZPe174G37NRFSEHQiOBiyyjw5eiht2rNlsDMedJhNW3ipQqXdQ/s1600/skema1.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 353px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBwfZtKLQWm2FU27tw2lnFdcrpsugMcLjQbMyHL3x2FfRi0SH1Kb63cFXe-zE6zeM4jvPHR90WBoUGcrmlImJLkWy8nZPe174G37NRFSEHQiOBiyyjw5eiht2rNlsDMedJhNW3ipQqXdQ/s400/skema1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502609707209083042&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Secara teknis zat warna merupakan turunan asam salisilic yang berfungsi sebagai pewarna kroma zat warna mordan untuk wol. Demikian juga Eriochrome Azurol B (gb.4; CGY, CI Mordan Blue 1) dibuat dengan sintesis aldehid dari 2,6 Dichloro-benzaldehid dan Asam 2-hydroxy-3-methilbenzoic (o-cresotinic) dalam asam sulfat pekat. Oksidasi Basa leuco dicapai oleh penambahan natrium nitrit. Pada wool, yang terisolasi sebagai garam natrium, berwarna merah marun pudar, berubah menjadi biru terang dengan penambahan garam kromium. Beberapa pewarna jenis ini seperti CI Mordan Violet 1&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(gb.5), juga mengandung gugus basa. Bahan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Senyawa ini juga disiapkan dengan rute aldehid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5XtsMe1b24XNyAkZ1rmW3hAF2hln7KOUcw2vQRCpFKhiv3_7nN8caW6MOkRDaRe2oFAEDTJnh4YwmCCQfP0ojOz6ufydxyqcXNmBgCbZE45dV8Egpv_tjZOPpUFuFz5d4PkImnb8OaT4/s1600/skema2.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 171px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5XtsMe1b24XNyAkZ1rmW3hAF2hln7KOUcw2vQRCpFKhiv3_7nN8caW6MOkRDaRe2oFAEDTJnh4YwmCCQfP0ojOz6ufydxyqcXNmBgCbZE45dV8Egpv_tjZOPpUFuFz5d4PkImnb8OaT4/s400/skema2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502613852648287298&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Indikator asam basa phenoftalein adalah sebuah turunan dari benzaurine (skema 2). Kondensasi phtalic anhydride dengan fenol menghasilkan bentuk lakton tak berwarna (gb. 6), yang mengion dalam larutan alkali dan mengalami pembukaan cincin untuk menghasilkan dianion merah (gb.7) dalam kisaran pH 8,3-10,0. Sistem resonansi akan hancur dalam alkali berlebih dengan pembentukan turunan triphenylmethanol (gb. 8). Beberapa turunan dari phenolfthaline juga digunakan sebagai indikator. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHPXlvbpvnBtbsUPtTSCxV_MOM9vsuDVZvOMM1KylJ67kf-eJby84BsXuQgkW8iDAIKzVAowK3pLK5gH_u7SpD_GdWlNtbO1sC6zF5a1lHv5WISnz8TbHYjzSpvFcFqE6HgmFWaL_6o80/s1600/skema3.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 291px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHPXlvbpvnBtbsUPtTSCxV_MOM9vsuDVZvOMM1KylJ67kf-eJby84BsXuQgkW8iDAIKzVAowK3pLK5gH_u7SpD_GdWlNtbO1sC6zF5a1lHv5WISnz8TbHYjzSpvFcFqE6HgmFWaL_6o80/s400/skema3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502615371177254226&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;longtext&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Phenolsulphonephthaline juga bisa digunakan sebagai indikator asam-basa, dengan kisaran pH yang luas. Contoh-contohnya bromophenol blue (gb.9) (kisaran pH 3,0-4,6) dan bromocresol purple (gb.10) (kisaran pH 5,2-6,8).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyJZZEO7qVA8J0ZtIhLNYcHh-ah_cgoqLbDLE0cz-jchyjk3Lp5MeHQWD0G_jC8Z7cbEJ27s57vnugo97p59iMRV4bi0M9R8vowurz272Kah_JBlD8q6MGKbOmeb54Cz4C9uh9JwjyDh8/s1600/skema4.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 177px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyJZZEO7qVA8J0ZtIhLNYcHh-ah_cgoqLbDLE0cz-jchyjk3Lp5MeHQWD0G_jC8Z7cbEJ27s57vnugo97p59iMRV4bi0M9R8vowurz272Kah_JBlD8q6MGKbOmeb54Cz4C9uh9JwjyDh8/s400/skema4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502616333487204642&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Daftar Pustaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Shore, John, dkk. 1990. &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Colorant and Auxiliaries&lt;/i&gt;. Manchester United: Staples Printers Rochester Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; &gt;Hani. &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Modul Pencelupan 1&lt;/i&gt;. Bandung: Sekolah Tinggi Tekoligi Tekstil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/5105985539903248345/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/08/zat-warna-mordan-turunanan-tripenil.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/5105985539903248345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/5105985539903248345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2010/08/zat-warna-mordan-turunanan-tripenil.html' title='Zat Warna Mordan Turunanan Tripenil Metan'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBwfZtKLQWm2FU27tw2lnFdcrpsugMcLjQbMyHL3x2FfRi0SH1Kb63cFXe-zE6zeM4jvPHR90WBoUGcrmlImJLkWy8nZPe174G37NRFSEHQiOBiyyjw5eiht2rNlsDMedJhNW3ipQqXdQ/s72-c/skema1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8088049467463979941.post-7040398828522191421</id><published>2009-01-30T19:19:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T11:13:47.495+07:00</updated><title type='text'>EiFFeL.... i Miss U</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAhJM-i8r8aazRoTvDavdlv2xnC3w2fRWX_2-2HTAjRNU3rcdFA9CYq5jIxPBp8SWJ8tPPlky3JIQJW2Ox3XuchRtt4X2XKEpJVdcw3-nJ9bQ-p8X5Ju5S-OFA-i3sOpgWwJpgUyp4WEc/s1600-h/4r1v.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297063253522244674&quot; style=&quot;FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 214px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAhJM-i8r8aazRoTvDavdlv2xnC3w2fRWX_2-2HTAjRNU3rcdFA9CYq5jIxPBp8SWJ8tPPlky3JIQJW2Ox3XuchRtt4X2XKEpJVdcw3-nJ9bQ-p8X5Ju5S-OFA-i3sOpgWwJpgUyp4WEc/s320/4r1v.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.38in&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Setelah lama tak jumpa, akhirnya aku menyadari bahwa hidup ini terasa berbeda setelah sekian lama kita tak jumpa. Aku merasa sendiri, padahal banyak teman baru dalam hidup ini. Kulihat gambar bersama kita, teringat masa-masa SMA dulu. Satu persatu aku perhatikan. Kulihat tampak lucu pada saat itu, semua terlihat seperti orang yang paling bahagia di dunia ini.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.38in&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Aku tak tahu sekarang kalian melakukan apa. Yang pasti, aku tahu kalian sedang berusaha keras untuk meraih cita-cita kalian. Sama seperti halnya aku, aku mencoba untuk berubah kejalan yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya, berusaha untuk meraih yang terbaik untuk masa depanku dan seluruh keluargaku.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.38in&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Terkadang aku merasa sedih menjalani perpisahan ini. Sulit rasanya melepas sahabat yang telah hadir dalam hidup ini. Memang ada kalanya bertemu dan ada kala untuk berpisah. Hal ini sudah menjadi hukum alam di dunia ini.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.38in&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Satu yang aku harapkan dari kalian. Kelak kita dapat berkumpul bersama, menjalani hari-hari seperti dulu lagi. saat itu aku ingin mengucapkan banyak terima kasih pada kalian semua yang mau menjadi bagian dari hidup aku.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.38in&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(204,0,0)&quot;&gt;EiFFeL.....&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(51,102,255)&quot;&gt;I MiSz YoU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/feeds/7040398828522191421/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2009/01/setelah-lama-tak-jumpa-akhirnya-aku.html#comment-form' title='3 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7040398828522191421'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8088049467463979941/posts/default/7040398828522191421'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sagaara301.blogspot.com/2009/01/setelah-lama-tak-jumpa-akhirnya-aku.html' title='EiFFeL.... i Miss U'/><author><name>saGaara301</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08318974168382773362</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgWNpDCF58ZVAn9YHw8U4BLl-xDgI4R7G9F4ENGGPM_9guoxnyNc5jTm9moa9olwYivq46aO2xWbs7tVw2AuYQhMnyb-bETw7U1sEb6xfUtaEdbcnHXi4j_trCMqNTU/s220/adi+item.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAhJM-i8r8aazRoTvDavdlv2xnC3w2fRWX_2-2HTAjRNU3rcdFA9CYq5jIxPBp8SWJ8tPPlky3JIQJW2Ox3XuchRtt4X2XKEpJVdcw3-nJ9bQ-p8X5Ju5S-OFA-i3sOpgWwJpgUyp4WEc/s72-c/4r1v.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry></feed>