<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" media="screen" href="/~d/styles/rss1full.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~d/styles/itemcontent.css"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:admin="http://webns.net/mvcb/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0">

<channel rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/">
<title>www.TheDefiningTension.com</title>
<link>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/</link>
<description>Perspectives on Law and Related Stuff</description>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<dc:creator />
<dc:date>2010-03-11T10:20:39+01:00</dc:date>
<admin:generatorAgent rdf:resource="http://www.typepad.com/" />


<items>
<rdf:Seq><rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-44-director-indemnification.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-43-on-shareholders-and-ownership.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-42-re-oc%C3%A9-inquiry-proceeding.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-41-long-live-the-poison-pill.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/cesr-proposes-transparency-of-short-selling-in-europe.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-39-the-quality-of-shareholders-requirement-revisited.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-38-links.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-37-nerve-center.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-36-delaware-chancery-court-addresses-the-new-vote-buying.html" />
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-35-nijmegen-university-appoints-danny-busch-as-professor-of-financial-law.html" />
</rdf:Seq>
</items>

<atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/rdf+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/thedefiningtension" /><feedburner:info uri="thedefiningtension" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://add.my.yahoo.com/rss?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.feedburner.com%2Fthedefiningtension" src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/us/my/addtomyyahoo4.gif">Subscribe with My Yahoo!</feedburner:feedFlare><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://www.newsgator.com/ngs/subscriber/subext.aspx?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.feedburner.com%2Fthedefiningtension" src="http://www.newsgator.com/images/ngsub1.gif">Subscribe with NewsGator</feedburner:feedFlare><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://feeds.my.aol.com/add.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.feedburner.com%2Fthedefiningtension" src="http://o.aolcdn.com/favorites.my.aol.com/webmaster/ffclient/webroot/locale/en-US/images/myAOLButtonSmall.gif">Subscribe with My AOL</feedburner:feedFlare><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://www.bloglines.com/sub/http://feeds.feedburner.com/thedefiningtension" src="http://www.bloglines.com/images/sub_modern11.gif">Subscribe with Bloglines</feedburner:feedFlare><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://www.netvibes.com/subscribe.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.feedburner.com%2Fthedefiningtension" src="http://www.netvibes.com/img/add2netvibes.gif">Subscribe with Netvibes</feedburner:feedFlare><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://fusion.google.com/add?feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.feedburner.com%2Fthedefiningtension" src="http://buttons.googlesyndication.com/fusion/add.gif">Subscribe with Google</feedburner:feedFlare><feedburner:feedFlare href="http://www.pageflakes.com/subscribe.aspx?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.feedburner.com%2Fthedefiningtension" src="http://www.pageflakes.com/ImageFile.ashx?instanceId=Static_4&amp;fileName=ATP_blu_91x17.gif">Subscribe with Pageflakes</feedburner:feedFlare></channel>

<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-44-director-indemnification.html">
<title>[No. 44] Director Indemnification</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/KDY6v41LPII/no-44-director-indemnification.html</link>
<description>Many persons who are asked to join a corporation as director, wonder what such an appointment means in terms of personal liability in case the management of the company turns out poorly and some people - like shareholders - might...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Many persons who are asked to join a corporation as director, wonder what such an appointment means in terms of personal liability in case the management of the company turns out poorly and some people - like shareholders - might get upset. Sometimes this question comes up along the way, when trouble arises at the horizon. This is all quite understandable.</p>

<p>Often comfort is found in a director liability insurance (a D&amp;O policy, or raincoat policy, in jargon). Although when push comes to shove the insurer may try to duck compensation obligations under the policy, and other hick-ups may come up (like disagreement between directors, if one wants to settle litigation and the other wants to continue litigation, paid from the policy that is often capped), insurance policies typically take much of the initial discomfort away. Another options is an indemnification agreement between the director and the company, that basically obliges the latter to pay for reasonable litigation costs made by the former and even damages to be paid by the former, in cases where the director acted in the course of his management duties and is held liable by a third party. Think of a company creditor, for example. There are limits to what an indemnification agreement can do (it may not help in case of intentional infliction of damage, for example), and it doesn&#39;t help the director much when the company is insolvent, but often this tools works well also.</p>Insurance and indemnification is all <em>ex ante</em> stuff. There are also <em>ex post </em>solutions to curb potential liability. Informed discharge of the board of directors by the general meeting of shareholders is one; discharge means the company can&#39;t go after the directors in terms of liability proceedings anymore, as far as their conduct is covered by the discharge. An important limitation of discharge is that it only affects the company, not any third party. Another ex post solution is the option for a director to argue that, although one of them made a serious mistake resulting in board liability (in principle that is), he/she should not be held liable as he/she made no serious mistake - taking into account the division of tasks between the directors - and also tried to stop the damaging effect of the improper conduct. Such a disculpation defence is possible, but not easily allowed by courts. This is all still a bit murky under Dutch law. Disculpation also only plays a role in the director/company relationship, as in the director/third party relationship no such thing as collective board liability exists (this is all done on a director-by-director basis).<br /><p> Why am I writing all this? Because this morning <a href="http://www.fd.nl/artikel/14391012/claim-dreigt-oud-bestuurders-directieleden-fortis" target="_blank">Het Financieele Dagblad</a> wrote that Fortis is trying to get rid of the indemnifications it gave to its former board members, who are being attacked in liability proceedings by disgruntled third parties (mostly shareholders who lost quite some money in the 2007-2008 period).</p><blockquote><p><strong>Oud-bestuurders en directieleden van Fortis dreigen
persoonlijk op te moeten draaien voor schadeclaims van boze beleggers.
Het beursfonds ruziet met voormalige toplieden over de eventuele
aansprakelijkheid. </strong></p><p>Fortis wil geen toelichting geven op het geschil, dat kort wordt
aangestipt in het persbericht over de jaarcijfers. Volgens bronnen wil
het bedrijf de eerdere vrijwaringen inperken van alle hoofdrolspelers
uit de periode voor het bijna-faillissement van Fortis. Het gaat onder
anderen om oud-topmannen Jean-Paul Votron, Filip Dierckx en Herman
Verwilst, alsmede om financieel directeur Gilbert Mittler en om
voorzitter Maurice Lippens.</p>

<p>
Het nieuws kwam naar buiten op de dag dat toezichthouder AFM boetes
uitdeelde aan Fortis wegens het verspreiden van te positieve berichten
in het eerste halfjaar van 2008. Dat was marktmanipulatie, oordeelt de
AFM.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Boetes voor AFM-begrippen hoog</strong>
</p>
<p>De boetes zijn voor AFM-begrippen hoog (totaal euro 576.000), maar
voor Fortis zijn de indirecte gevolgen mogelijk nog omvangrijker.
</p>
<p>Advocaten van boze beleggers kondigden meteen aan dat ze het
boetebesluit gebruiken in hun claims richting Fortis. &#39;Dit is voor ons
reden voor een feestje&#39;, zegt advocaat Hendrik Jan Bos, die zeven rijke
particuliere beleggers bijstaat. Hij richt zijn claim in eerste
instantie op de topmannen van destijds en pas daarna op het beursfonds.
Dat is voor zijn cliënten, allen oud-ondernemer, een &#39;principezaak&#39;.
&#39;Het gaat hun erom dat deze bestuurders voor veel geld zijn ingehuurd
en toen het mis ging met een premie zijn vertrokken. Zij moeten weten
dat ze niet zomaar wegkomen&#39;, zegt Bos. Hij mag binnenkort enkele
oud-toplieden van Fortis, onder wie Votron, als getuigen horen.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Ontmanteling Fortis</strong>
</p>
<p>De zaak van Bos is een van de vele processen die zijn aangespannen
of aangekondigd rond de ontmanteling van Fortis. De schade voor
beleggers is groot: de beurswaarde ging van euro 40 mrd begin 2008 naar
euro 7 mrd nu.
</p>
<p>Het huidige Fortis, dat binnenkort verder gaat onder de naam Ageas,
wil daarom dat de verantwoordelijken van destijds niet zomaar wegkomen.
Een reeks van bestuurders en directieleden heeft in de loop van 2008
het bedrijf verlaten. Daarbij kregen ze vrijwaring voor de financiële
gevolgen van rechtszaken. Fortis vecht die vrijwaring nu aan. Niet in
alle gevallen zouden bestuurders de rekening door moeten kunnen sturen
naar hun oude werkgever. Vooral als er opzet in het spel was en de
aansprakelijkheidsverzekering van het bestuur, die een maximum heeft
van euro 250 mln, niet uitkeert, moeten de oud-bestuurders ook zelf in
de buidel tasten. Sommige betrokkenen verzetten zich daartegen, zeggen
bronnen.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Vertrekpremie oud-topmannen</strong>
</p>
<p>De meeste oud-topmannen kregen een vertrekpremie mee, ondanks het
feit dat Fortis door de overheden van Nederland en België moest worden
gered. Fortis keerde in 2008 voor bijna euro 10 mln aan
vertrekregelingen uit.</p></blockquote><div class="topArticleBanner" id="selInContentBanner"><p>Although I&#39;m not familiar with the details of the case, it seems to me it will be quite an uphill battle for Fortis to actually get rid of - or at least limit - these indemnifications, and the obligations for Fortis following from them. The whole idea is that, when the weather turns from sun into rain for directors, they can rely on these arrangements that are designed to limit their personal liability in certain cases. Of course there are situations imaginable where reliance on the indemnification would be in conflict with principles of reasonablenes and fairness or public policy, but this requires extraordinary circumstances. It would be a bit funny if the company could simply retreat when things turn ugly. I&#39;m quite curious to see how this turns out.<strong>
</strong></p></div><blockquote><div class="topArticleBanner" id="selInContentBanner"><p>
</p></div></blockquote>

<p>
</p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=KDY6v41LPII:JllX47axLrQ:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/KDY6v41LPII" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Publications</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>BFA</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-11T10:20:39+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-44-director-indemnification.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-43-on-shareholders-and-ownership.html">
<title>[No. 43] On Shareholders and Ownership</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/ONa6zb7A-jk/no-43-on-shareholders-and-ownership.html</link>
<description>In the Dutch corporate law realm, the argument that shareholders basically "own" the corporation is made sporadically, but not often. Perhaps this has to do with the legal realities: that as per section 2:5 DCC, and from a property law...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the Dutch corporate law realm, the argument that shareholders&#0160;basically &quot;own&quot; the corporation is made sporadically, but not often. Perhaps this has to do with the legal realities:</p>
<ul>
<li id="">that as per section 2:5 DCC, and from a property law point of view, legal entities are considered to be equal to natural persons (unless the statute provides otherwise):&#0160;legal entities have rights and obligations, just like people made out of flesh and blood have; 
<li>that a corporation is&#0160;generally conceptualized&#0160;as an institution,&#0160;as&#0160;a thing&#0160;separate and apart from the shareholder base and not founded on some - implied -&#0160;contractual relationship between shareholders (the latter view was abandoned during the early 1900s); and 
<li>that we don&#39;t apply the shareholder wealth maximization norm, but instead approach matters from the stakeholder perspective (see, e.g., <a href="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2009/05/no-40-what-should-the-policy-focus-point-of-corporate-directors-be.html" target="_blank">here</a>). </li>
</li></li></ul>
<p>In view of all this, it doesn&#39;t make much sense to make the argument. </p>
<p>Things are different, or so it seems, in the United States. Go and read this discussion between <a href="http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/business_law/2010/03/do-limits-on-ownership-rights-eliminate-ownership.html" target="_blank">Josh Fershee</a> (who makes the argument) and <a href="http://www.professorbainbridge.com/professorbainbridgecom/2010/03/more-on-owning-the-corporation.html" target="_blank">Steve Bainbridge</a> (who thinks otherwise).</p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=ONa6zb7A-jk:qg-hqNvykeU:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/ONa6zb7A-jk" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Publications</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>BFA</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-10T10:31:47+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-43-on-shareholders-and-ownership.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-42-re-oc%C3%A9-inquiry-proceeding.html">
<title>[No. 42] Re Océ Inquiry Proceeding</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/BArhrUHh_Kc/no-42-re-oc%C3%A9-inquiry-proceeding.html</link>
<description>This week the Enterprise Chamber was asked by minority shareholders Hermes and USS (appr. 5%) to see whether one or more preliminary measures (s. 2:349a(2) DCC) should be taken, including the appointment of special supervisory directors, whose task would be...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://thedefiningtension.typepad.com/.a/6a0105356df705970c01310f676813970c-pi" style="FLOAT: right"><img alt="Amsterdam Court of Appeal" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a0105356df705970c01310f676813970c " src="http://thedefiningtension.typepad.com/.a/6a0105356df705970c01310f676813970c-800wi" style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: black 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 5px 5px; BORDER-LEFT: black 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1px solid" title="Amsterdam Court of Appeal" /></a> This week the Enterprise Chamber was asked by minority shareholders Hermes and USS&#0160;(appr. 5%)&#0160;to see whether one or more preliminary measures (s. 2:349a(2) DCC) should be taken, including the appointment of special supervisory directors, whose task would be to&#0160;watch over&#0160;the minority shareholders&#39; interests.&#0160;This&#0160;in view of the takeover of Océ by the Japanese company Canon and the&#0160;changes in corporate governance contemplated by Océ in that respect, including the six person supervisory board being composed of four Canon representatives. Hermes and USS&#0160;think the € 8,60 per share bid is too low and for that reason do (did) not plan to offer their shares under the bid, but at the same time fear that once the takeover is completed they will be trapped in a corner as minority shareholders (by Canon that is). </p>
<p>In a decision following only a few hours after the hearing, where the situation was discussed by the parties, the court <span style="text-decoration: underline;">denied</span> the requests. As - in its preliminary view&#0160;- there are no well founded reasons to doubt the correctness of the policy and course of events at Océ, there is no ground to take one or more preliminary measures. Apparently one of the pillars of the decision is that, as the supervisory board <em>post</em>-takeover will still consist of two original Océ supervisory board members (including the chairman)&#0160;who seem to be independent from Canon, there is no reason to assume that the supervisory board - which is under the duty to act in the best interests of <em>the company</em>, not Canon - will not be able to function properly. In an entirely&#0160;different case, the court reached a different outcome (<a href="http://zoeken.rechtspraak.nl/resultpage.aspx?snelzoeken=true&amp;searchtype=ljn&amp;ljn=BA4887" target="_blank">upheld</a> by the Supreme Court).</p>
<p>The court also looked at other factors, but why and how exactly has not been made public yet. <a href="http://www.rechtspraak.nl/Actualiteiten/Uitspraak+Ondernemingskamer+inzake+Oce+NV.htm" target="_blank">Here</a> is the information provided&#0160;by the court so far.</p>
<blockquote dir="ltr">
<p class="t_type t_size15 t_purple t_bold h_36 l_padding_both_30">Uitspraak Ondernemingskamer inzake Océ NV </p>
<div class="t_type t_size12 t_black h_14 t_normal l_padding_both_30">
<p>Amsterdam, 4 maart 2010 - De Ondernemingskamer van het Gerechtshof te Amsterdam heeft gisteren, 3 maart 2010, de zaak behandeld die twee aandeelhouders van Océ NV (Océ), Hermes en USS (Britse pensioenfondsen) hebben aangespannen in het kader van de overname van Océ door het Japanse Canon. Deze aandeelhouders houden nu tezamen ruim 5% van de aandelen in Océ. Zij vinden het bod dat Canon heeft uitgebracht van € 8,60 per aandeel te laag. Hermes en USS wilden hun aandelen dan ook voorlopig niet onder het bod aanmelden, maar vrezen ná de overname als minderheidsaandeelhouders ‘bekneld’ te raken. </p>
<p>Het ging gisteren om het verzoek tot het treffen van onmiddellijke voorzieningen. Hermes en USS vroegen de Ondernemingskamer onder meer om speciale commissarissen bij Océ te benoemen die zouden moeten waken over de belangen van de minderheidsaandeelhouders. </p>
<p>De Ondernemingskamer heeft een paar uur na de behandeling (het was strikt genomen geen schorsing) gisterenavond mondeling uitspraak gedaan. Zij oordeelde - voorlopig - dat niet kan worden gezegd dat de gekozen samenstelling van de raad van commissarissen (RvC) van Océ, ná de overname door Canon, bij voorbaat als strijdig met een goede corporate governance moet worden geacht of dat deze meebrengt dat de belangen van de minderheidsaandeelhouders tekort zal worden gedaan. De omstandigheid dat vier van de zes leden van de RvC aan Canon zijn gelieerd doet niet af aan hun verplichting te handelen naar het vennootschappelijk belang, terwijl daarnaast twee leden, onder wie de voorzitter, uit de ‘oude’ RvC van Océ aanblijven van wie niet het vermoeden is gerechtvaardigd dat zij niet voldoende onafhankelijk zullen zijn. Voorts oordeelde de Ondernemingskamer - voorlopig - dat ook de informatievoorziening, de aanbeveling van het bod door de RvC en het bestuur van Océ, alsmede de gang van zaken omtrent het (gebruik van het) stemrecht van de financieringspreferente aandelen van Océ geen omstandigheden opleveren die gegronde redenen meebrengen om te twijfelen aan een juist beleid van Océ. Om al deze redenen is het verzoek tot het treffen van onmiddellijke voorzieningen afgewezen.</p>
<p>De schriftelijke uitspraak zal te zijner tijd worden gepubliceerd op www.rechtspraak.nl.</p></div></blockquote>
<p>A written opinion&#0160;will published at some time.</p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=BArhrUHh_Kc:u8Wzelm3q0U:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/BArhrUHh_Kc" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>BFA</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-05T13:26:41+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-42-re-oc%C3%A9-inquiry-proceeding.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-41-long-live-the-poison-pill.html">
<title>[No. 41] Long Live the Poison Pill</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/QiWMsScTaLQ/no-41-long-live-the-poison-pill.html</link>
<description>Steve Davidoff has a great post on the Delaware Chancery Court's long awaited opinion in the Selectica case. According to Steve, The real significance of this decision is that Delaware courts will deferentially review N.O.L. [net-operating-loss] poison pill adoptions. But...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Steve Davidoff has a great post on the Delaware Chancery Court&#39;s long awaited <a href="http://www.wlrk.com/docs/SelecticaVsVersata.pdf" target="_blank">opinion</a> in the Selectica case. According to Steve,</p><blockquote><p>The real significance of this decision is that Delaware courts will
deferentially review N.O.L. [net-operating-loss] poison pill adoptions. But this will not be
the “careful” review that the Moran decision promised back in 1985, but
the more deferential posture that has evolved over the years under
Unocal. </p></blockquote><p>The full post can be read <a href="http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/02/delaware-broadens-standards-for-poison-pills/" target="_blank">here</a>. Not surprisingly, Wachtell has already published a <a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/corpgov/2010/03/03/just-say-nol-delaware-upholds-4-99-rights-plan-to-protect-nols/#more-7742" target="_blank">memo</a> celebrating the case: &quot;The decision confirms that rights plans remain an important bulwark,
notwithstanding continued attacks from academic and other quarters.&quot;</p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=QiWMsScTaLQ:JSk2Kcg5xdY:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/QiWMsScTaLQ" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>



<dc:creator>MCS</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-04T09:40:57+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-41-long-live-the-poison-pill.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/cesr-proposes-transparency-of-short-selling-in-europe.html">
<title>[No. 40] CESR Proposes Transparency of Short Selling in Europe</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/qClGejZ4Crc/cesr-proposes-transparency-of-short-selling-in-europe.html</link>
<description>The Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) has just issued a report containing detailed proposals for short selling disclosure requirements. From the abstract: This report contains CESR‟s proposal to the European Institutions for a pan-European short selling disclosure regime. It...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) has just issued a report containing detailed proposals for short selling disclosure requirements. From the abstract:</p><blockquote><p>This report contains CESR‟s proposal to the European Institutions for a pan-European short selling disclosure regime. It is based on a two-tier model for disclosure of significant individual net short positions in all shares that are admitted to trading on an EEA regulated market and/or an EEA MTF. However, the regime would not apply to shares admitted to trading on an EEA regulated market or an EEA MTF if their primary market is located outside the EEA. At the lower threshold of 0.2%, positions would be disclosed to the relevant regulator, at the higher threshold of 0.5% positions would be disclosed, in addition to the regulator, also to the market as a whole. All changes of position would be reported at increments of 0.1%, first to the regulator (from 0.3% until 0.4%) and then to the regulator and the market.</p></blockquote><p>The proposals are driven by concerns that short selling &quot;can be used in an abusive fashion to drive down the price of financial instruments to a distorted level, can contribute to disorderly markets and, especially in extreme market conditions, can otherwise have an adverse impact on financial stability.&quot; </p><p>What strikes me is that while the report does acknowledge that disclosure does not only generate benefits but also a range of costs, the report cites no evidence whatsoever that sheds more light on the magnitude of these costs and benefits, which would appear to be a prerequisite for a thorough cost/benefit analysis. Accordingly, we are left with the mere observation that &quot;CESR considers that improving the transparency of short selling would have distinct benefits which would outweigh the associated costs.&quot;</p><p>The report is available <a href="http://www.cesr.eu/popup2.php?id=6487" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p></p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=qClGejZ4Crc:RvvsaFoo3fs:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/qClGejZ4Crc" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>



<dc:creator>MCS</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-04T09:09:15+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/cesr-proposes-transparency-of-short-selling-in-europe.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-39-the-quality-of-shareholders-requirement-revisited.html">
<title>[No. 39] The 'Quality of Shareholders' Requirement Revisited</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/u-vDoge3-OY/no-39-the-quality-of-shareholders-requirement-revisited.html</link>
<description>For details check today's ruling by the Arnhem Court of Appeal (in litigation highlighted in post No. 80/09), that should make interesting reading for you (Dutch) corporate law practitioners out there. For some first media coverage go here.</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[For details check <a href="http://www.rechtspraak.nl/Actualiteiten/Hof+Arnhem+aandeel+van+Essent+in+kerncentrale+Borssele+niet+naar+RWE.htm" target="_blank">today&#39;s ruling by the Arnhem Court of Appeal</a> (in litigation highlighted in <a href="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2009/07/no-80-a-good-day.html" target="_blank">post No. 80/09</a>), that should make interesting reading for you (Dutch) corporate law practitioners out there. For some first media coverage go <a href="http://www.volkskrant.nl/economie/article1354716.ece/Hof_RWE_krijgt_geen_belang_in_Borssele" target="_blank">here</a>.<div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=u-vDoge3-OY:oje0rUOToU4:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/u-vDoge3-OY" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>BFA</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-02T13:35:02+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-39-the-quality-of-shareholders-requirement-revisited.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-38-links.html">
<title>[No. 38] Links [Updated]</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/9WlyK0MLKjw/no-38-links.html</link>
<description>New month, new stuff going on. Here are two links, related to two issues discussed previously at TDT. In post No. 213/09 I highlighted the Jeff Skilling case that is now pending before the US federal Supreme Court (post No....</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://thedefiningtension.typepad.com/.a/6a0105356df705970c0120a8eb2b9a970b-pi" style="float: right;"><img alt="SCOTUS" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a0105356df705970c0120a8eb2b9a970b " src="http://thedefiningtension.typepad.com/.a/6a0105356df705970c0120a8eb2b9a970b-800wi" style="border: 1px solid black; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px; width: 272px; height: 271px;" title="SCOTUS" /></a> New month, new stuff going on. Here are two links, related to two issues discussed previously at TDT.</p><ol>
<li>In <a href="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2009/12/no-213-jeff-skilling-and-the-scotus.html" target="_blank">post No. 213/09</a> I highlighted the Jeff Skilling case that is now pending before the US federal Supreme Court (<a href="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2009/12/no-210-conrad-black-and-the-scotus.html" target="_blank">post No. 210/09</a> touched upon the Conrad Black case). Now that oral argument is almost here, it&#39;s time for an update on <a href="http://www.theconglomerate.org/2010/03/skillings-day-in-court-question-presented-2-change-of-venue.html" target="_blank">Skilling&#39;s Day in Court</a>.</li>
<li>In <a href="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-28-uh-oh-.html" target="_blank">post No. 28/10</a> I said a few things about the ongoing investigations by DNB and AFM into the bankruptcy of DSB Bank last year and the role played in that respect by former &#39;political heavy weights turned corporate fiduciaries&#39;. The first report, <a href="http://www.minfin.nl/dsresource?objectid=79451&amp;type=org" target="_blank">that was reviewed by Prof. M. Scheltema and that covers Gerrit Zalm</a> (current CEO of ABN Amro), has been made public. The verdict? In early Roman terms: <a href="http://www.minfin.nl/Actueel/Kamerstukken/2010/03/Eerste_bestuurdersonderzoek_DSB" target="_blank">a thumbs-up</a>, although DNB and AFM don&#39;t seem to have been fully &#39;n sync in reaching this outcome. From <a href="http://www.minfin.nl/dsresource?objectid=79450&amp;type=org" target="_blank">the cover letter</a> by the current Minister of Finance to the chairman of the second chamber of parliament.</li>
</ol>
<blockquote><blockquote>
Op 26 februari jl. heb ik het rapport van professor Scheltema
ontvangen met zijn bevindingen over het eerste bestuurdersonderzoek
zoals dat door de Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) en de Autoriteit
Financiële Markten is verricht naar aanleiding van het
faillissement van DSB Bank.<p>Het eerste bestuurdersonderzoek heeft betrekking op de heer
Zalm. De uitkomst van de herbeoordeling van DNB, de
vergunningverlenende en daarmee leidende toezichthouder in deze, is
positief, mede in achtnemend dat de AFM tot een ander oordeel komt.
Gelet op dit positieve eindresultaat is de toezichthouder niet
overgegaan tot het treffen van maatregelen.</p><p>De conclusie van de heer Scheltema is dat de toezichthouder
zorgvuldig te werk is gegaan en dat zij in redelijkheid tot haar
eindoordeel heeft kunnen komen. Op basis hiervan heb ik geen
aanleiding om tot een ander oordeel te komen.</p><p>Zoals eerder is toegezegd, betracht ik maximale transparantie
bij het informeren van uw Kamer bij de DSB-onderzoeken. Het behoeft
geen toelichting dat het nastreven van dit publieke belang op
gespannen voet kan komen te staan met de bescherming van belangen
van de bij het bestuurdersonderzoek betrokken personen.
Uiteindelijk heb ik alles overwegende besloten het volledige
rapport van de heer Scheltema aan uw Kamer te doen toekomen.</p><p><strong>
Uit het rapport blijkt dat de toezichthouders onderling niet
telkens eenzelfde beoordelingslijn hebben gehanteerd. Daarover
plaatst prof. Scheltema een aantal kritische kanttekeningen. Ik zal
mij dan ook op korte termijn hierover met zowel de voorzitter van
de raad van bestuur van de AFM als met de president van de
Nederlandsche Bank verstaan. <br /></strong></p></blockquote><p>&#39;The others&#39;, especially those who were longer involved with DSB Bank than Zalm was, will no doubt look with envy to this outcome. This whole &#39;time spent&#39; factor may prove pretty crucial in the outcome of the individual files, also looking at the role this factor played in the assessment of Zalm&#39;s conduct. We&#39;ll see, but don&#39;t say I didn&#39;t say so!</p></blockquote><p><strong>UPDATE</strong></p><p>The first comments on the Skilling hearing - and <a href="http://origin.www.supremecourtus.gov/docket/08-1394.htm" target="_blank">the questions asked by the SCOTUS</a> - <a href="http://www.theconglomerate.org/2010/03/postgaming-skilling-v-united-states.html" target="_blank">are in</a>.<br /></p><p></p><p></p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=9WlyK0MLKjw:9FF9NOZ6Qt4:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/9WlyK0MLKjw" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Publications</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>BFA</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-03-01T20:46:29+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/03/no-38-links.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-37-nerve-center.html">
<title>[No. 37] Nerve Center</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/sryGs1O4x-k/no-37-nerve-center.html</link>
<description>Last Tuesday, the US Supreme Court ruled in the case of Hertz Corp. v. Friend - for the purpose of diversity jurisdiction - what the words "principal place of business" mean. The Circuit Courts were split on this issue. The...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://thedefiningtension.typepad.com/.a/6a0105356df705970c0120a8d1fcf5970b-pi" style="float: right;"><img alt="SCOTUS" border="0" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a0105356df705970c0120a8d1fcf5970b " src="http://thedefiningtension.typepad.com/.a/6a0105356df705970c0120a8d1fcf5970b-800wi" style="border: 1px solid black; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px; width: 259px; height: 258px;" title="SCOTUS" /></a> Last Tuesday, the US Supreme Court ruled in the case of <a href="http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/09pdf/08-1107.pdf" target="_blank">Hertz Corp. v. Friend</a> - for the purpose of <a href="http://www.uscourts.gov/understand03/content_4_0.html" target="_blank">diversity jurisdiction</a> - what the words &quot;principal place of business&quot; mean. The Circuit Courts were split on this issue. The answer? See page 13-14 of the slip opinion.</p><blockquote><p>In an effort to find a single, more uniform interpretationof the statutory phrase, we have reviewed the Courts of Appeals’ divergent and increasingly complex interpretations. Having done so, we now return to, and expand, Judge Weinfeld’s approach, as applied in the SeventhCircuit. See, e.g., Scot Typewriter Co., 170 F. Supp., at 865; Wisconsin Knife Works, 781 F. 2d, at 1282. <em>We conclude that “principal place of business” is best read asreferring to the place where a corporation’s officers direct, control, and coordinate the corporation’s activities. It is the place that Courts of Appeals have called the corporation’s “nerve center.” And in practice it should normallybe the place where the corporation maintains its headquarters—provided that the headquarters is the actualcenter of direction, control, and coordination, i.e., the “nerve center,” and not simply an office where the corporation holds its board meetings (for example, attended by directors and officers who have traveled there for the occasion).</em> (emphasis added BFA)</p></blockquote>This principal place of business should be distinguished from the place where the corporation is formally incorporated (although both can be the same).<p>This made me think of the European situation, where two approaches exist: the place of incorporation and the real seat of the corporation (<em>siege reele</em>). The European Court of Justice acknowledges both, but does not state what the latter term means, as this is a matter for the individual member states to decide. Consequently, no single definition of the &#39;real seat&#39; approach exists. Maybe the regulation of the European Corporation (SE) (<a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:294:0001:0021:EN:PDF" target="_blank">No. 2157/2001</a>) may help the court to clarify things one day. Section 7 of that regulation, that is subject to interpretation by the court (as it is an EU regulation), states in part that the registered office of an SE shall be located within the Community, in the same Member State <em>as its head office</em>. At that intersection, a sortlike question arises as the one addressed by the SCOTUS last Tuesday.</p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=sryGs1O4x-k:EzcyikTMY9I:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/sryGs1O4x-k" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>BFA</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-02-25T12:01:57+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-37-nerve-center.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-36-delaware-chancery-court-addresses-the-new-vote-buying.html">
<title>[No. 36] Delaware Chancery Court Addresses the New Vote Buying</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/noRR3NcAfLg/no-36-delaware-chancery-court-addresses-the-new-vote-buying.html</link>
<description>Vice-Chancellor Laster of the Delaware Chancery Court has made some interesting remarks on vote buying in a recent decision regarding a proxy contest. Kurtz v. Holbrook., C.A. No. 5019-VCL (February 9, 2010). A couple of highlights: Recent scholarship has cast...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Vice-Chancellor Laster of the Delaware Chancery Court has made some interesting remarks on vote buying in a recent decision regarding a proxy contest. <a href="http://www.concurringopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Kurz-Opinion.pdf" target="_blank">Kurtz v. Holbrook., C.A. No. 5019-VCL (February 9, 2010)</a>. A couple of highlights:</p><blockquote><p style="text-align: left;">Recent scholarship has cast light on shadowy aspects of the voting process and techniques by which voting rights can be manipulated. I regard the concept of vote buying as broad enough to encompass these practices. When they prove deleterious to stockholder voting, this Court can and should provide a remedy. (...)</p><p style="text-align: left;">As recognized by Schreiber, third-party vote buying should merit review only if it is disenfranchising, in the sense of actually affecting the outcome of the vote. 447 A.2d at 25-26. Vote buying is disenfranchising when it delivers the swing votes. (...)</p><p style="text-align: left;">What legitimizes the stockholder vote as a decision-making mechanism is the premise that stockholders with economic ownership are expressing their collective view as to whether a particular course of action serves the corporate goal of stockholder wealth maximization. Policing third-party vote buying [flows] from the legitimating conditions necessary for meaningful stockholder voting, which also include the absence of coercion and the presence of full information about the material facts. (...)</p><p style="text-align: left;">Because transactions in which economic interests are fully aligned with voting rights do not raise concern, Delaware law does not restrict a soliciting party from buying shares and getting a proxy to bolster the solicitation’s chance of success. (...)</p><p style="text-align: left;">Kurz does not have any competing economic or personal interests that might create an overall negative economic ownership in EMAK. (...)</p><p style="text-align: left;">I do not believe that Kurz has any reason to vote other than in the manner he thinks would best maximize the value of EMAK as a corporation. I therefore conclude that the voting of the Boutros shares is not a legal wrong. I agree with the defendants that Kurz primarily wanted the voting rights carried by the shares, not the shares themselves. Unlike the defendants, I do not perceive anything illicit in that fact given the nature of the transaction as a whole.</p></blockquote><p>The conclusion seems to be that in principle, vote buying is OK as long as a corresponding economic interest is acquired, which is generally the case if shares are purchased. If votes are bought but no corresponding economic interest is acquired, for example because it is hedged away, and the votes are used to swing the vote, this may, depending the circumstances, constitute a legal wrong. Following the New York district court&#39;s decision in <em>CSX</em>, the Chancery Court&#39;s decision therefore constitutes another powerful reminder that investors contemplating to use derivatives to swiftly or cheaply acquire corporate control should think twice.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=noRR3NcAfLg:zsHcGPfIqLs:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/noRR3NcAfLg" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>


<dc:subject>Legal Framework</dc:subject>

<dc:creator>MCS</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-02-24T18:50:42+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-36-delaware-chancery-court-addresses-the-new-vote-buying.html</feedburner:origLink></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-35-nijmegen-university-appoints-danny-busch-as-professor-of-financial-law.html">
<title>[No. 35] Nijmegen University appoints Danny Busch as Professor of Financial Law</title>
<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~3/wyqGyBqP5ps/no-35-nijmegen-university-appoints-danny-busch-as-professor-of-financial-law.html</link>
<description>My friend and colleague Danny Busch has just been appointed as professor of Financial Law at Nijmegen University. Among his impressive achievements over the last years is editing the Handbook on Investment Firms (Handboek Beleggingsondernemingen), published in 2007 and already...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My friend and colleague Danny Busch has just been appointed as professor of Financial Law at Nijmegen University. Among his impressive achievements over the last years is editing the Handbook on Investment Firms (<em>Handboek Beleggingsondernemingen</em>), published in 2007 and already a classic among Dutch legal scholars and practitioners. From the press release:</p><blockquote><p>Dr. D. (Danny) Busch (35) has been appointed Professor of Financial Law at Nijmegen University from 1 February 2010.</p><p>Danny Busch was born in Heidelberg, Germany. In 1997 he graduated cum laude in Dutch law at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. In the following year he obtained a Magister Juris degree in European and Comparative Law at Oxford University (St. John’s College). From 1998 to 2001 he worked as a lecturer and researcher at the Molengraaff Institute of Private Law in Utrecht and conducted research for his dissertation in Oxford and Hamburg. In 2002 he defended his dissertation Indirect Representation in European Contract Law at Utrecht University.</p><p>Dr. Busch will continue to practice law at De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek NV in Amsterdam, with a focus on banking and securities law and patrimonial law.</p><p>Dr. Busch has been a senior research fellow at Nijmegen University since 2008. He has also been a lecturer and course organiser for several post-academic courses. He is a member of the editorial board of Kluwer’s Law and Practice - Financial Law series and chief editor of a loose-leaf commentary on the Dutch Financial Supervision Act. He has also advised the Court of Audit on financial supervision issues.</p><p>In Nijmegen, Professor Busch will continue to teach and do research on financial law, also seen from a European and comparative law perspective.</p></blockquote><p>Congratulations!&#0160; </p><div class="feedflare">
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?a=wyqGyBqP5ps:5fmIRY0WMuE:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/thedefiningtension?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a>
</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/thedefiningtension/~4/wyqGyBqP5ps" height="1" width="1"/>]]></content:encoded>



<dc:creator>MCS</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2010-02-24T10:24:03+01:00</dc:date>
<feedburner:origLink>http://www.thedefiningtension.com/2010/02/no-35-nijmegen-university-appoints-danny-busch-as-professor-of-financial-law.html</feedburner:origLink></item>


</rdf:RDF><!-- ph=1 --><!-- nhm:dynamic-ssi -->
