More here

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What the heck are Objects and Classes?

Classes, at their simplest point, are just receptacles of functions. They can be compared to a folder on your computer (assuming you aren’t running DOS). Inside the folder you may have three files, or in this case, functions. Let’s use a classic example, a Dog.

Take a look at the following image:

As you can see, a Dog has many “functions”. It can run, walk, sit, play, and bark. This is the essence of what a class is.

An Object, on the other hand, is a way to represent your class. For example, you can have your class named “Dog”, but you can reference it by a variable called Cat if you really wanted to confuse yourself.

That’s all we’re going to cover in this section, so if you’re still confused, read on and I believe the examples will make some coherent sense.

Writing our first class

Since this is just our first class, we’re going to keep things nice and simple. Open up your text editor of choice and make a new file in your web root called myClass.php. Add in the following code:

<?php

?>

If you navigate to this file on your server, nothing will show up. All we did was set up a class (container) and add in a function, we never referenced it to be run.

How to use your freshly written class

Now that we have our myClass.php file all written, we’re going to reference it and use it. Make a new file in the same folder as your class is in, called index.php. Add in the following code:

<?php

?>

If you run the file, you should see “Hello World!” echoed out. Let’s go over what we did to make this work. First, you can see that we required the myClass.php file, which contains our container full of functions. Next, we had to make a new Object, and we used the class name as the object name, just for ease of use. And finally, we referenced our sayHello function by writing the Object name with an arrow and the function name.

Making it Friendlier

Right now, if we wanted to use this to greet a logged in user, there wouldn’t be much of a sense of personalization, would there? Wouldn’t it be nice if we could say Hello to the specific user? Well, we can! Go back to your myClass.php file and edit it accordingly:

<?php

?>

All we did was add a parameter to the function called name, that we can pass along to the function from our index file. Go back to your index.php file now and add your name like so:

<?php

Now, reload your index.php file and you should see a nice textual greeting!

Conclusion

Now that we’ve covered the very basics of Object-Oriented PHP, you can practically do it all. And was it hard? Hopefully not! Be sure to check in later for the rest of this series, in which we’ll be making a fully functional MySQLi Database interaction class! Thanks for reading.

Constructors and Destructors

Think of PHP constructors and destructors like a building. You construct a building at first, then when you’re done using it, you destruct it. Except in PHP, there are no live explosives for the destruction. Let’s look at the following example of constructors:

<?php

?>

In this example, we create a new class simply called MyClass, then a constructor function that says MyClass Loaded!. Basically, anything you want to happen when you call upon your class, should go in the constructor function.

In PHP, you don’t need to worry about always having a __destruct() method in your class, as all classes and variables are removed after your object is destroyed. (At the end of execution).

Returning data from your functions

In the real world, you don’t want to be using echo statements within your functions, you want to run your function and return the data for you to echo out where you want it. Let’s take a look at the following example that could be part of a blog application:

<?php

?>

Here, we are using a constructor to make a new MySQLi connection, and then using that connection set in the constructor to run a possible query, then to return the result set to be used however you’d like to display the data. Simple, right?

Keeping Organized

In the first part of this series, I described classes as boxes, and functions as the things within the boxes. This picture is a great representation of keeping your classes well separated from each other, and their contents nicely arranged.

One key aspect of writing classes is to keep things easy to read and edit later. Let’s take a look at a file from the very popular blogging platform Wordpress. As you can see, above every variable declaration, class declaration, and function declaration, there is vital information about the parameters, what the function does, and what it returns. Let’s write our own example now:

<?php

php?>

Here, we have said what our class is, what it does, and then defined each function or variable within it. In the insert_userdata() function, we have said what the parameters are and what it returns above the function. As you can already see, these comments help immensely when trying to read your code or trying to find a problem with your code.

Variables and Constructor

Create a new file called class.db.php and insert the following:

<?php

?>

**Try and dissect what we have done here before reading the explanation!**

First, we have done the most important part of Object Oriented PHP – organization! We have said what the class name is, and all the parameters that need to be passed to it when it is loaded. Next, inside the class, we have defined our four variables for MySQL connection and then required them as parameters of the constructor function, which can be passed when the class is loaded at the bottom of the file. Next, we have set our $mysqli variable to a new MySQLi Object. Simple, right? Let’s move on.

Main Functions

SELECT

Now that we have the connection down, we can start working with the database. Add a select function like this:

/*

}

Here we have made a select function for selecting data from a MySQL table. We have defined three parameters, and you can see how they fit into the final query. All we return from this function is a query result set, which you can work with however you like in your pages.

INSERT

Of course, we can select data with our class now, but we don’t have anything to select unless we insert it! Let’s do that now by adding this function to your class:

/*

}

Another quite simple function, we are just requiring two parameters: the table name to insert the data into, and the values for the fields. Instead of returning any real data for this function, we just go ahead and run it and if it inserted the data, it returns true, and if not, false. Simple for inserting data.

DELETE

Now that we can insert and then select our data, we have to have a way to delete it say if a user wanted to delete their account. Add this function:

<?php

?>

Some extra goodies

You probably noticed the last_query variable we defined at the beginning of the class, then we set it every time we ran a query in a function. This is very vital for troubleshooting, to see what’s wrong with your query. Another possible class variable could be a last_error, that would hold the last error returned.

Thanks to BuildInternet

Original Source From: http://buildinternet.com/

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Tuts+ having great collection of resources related to audio, UI design and much more.

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• 32 Visual Impressive Graphical Layout CSS Web Pages Showcase

The position property is used to define whether an element is absolute, relative, static or fixed. This is the fun part. Using CSS you can define the position for your id’ed divs. Store your position information in a style call like this:

For Example

#banner {

position:static

The default positioning for all elements is position:static, which means the element is not positioned and occurs where it normally would in the document.

Normally you wouldn’t specify this unless you needed to override a positioning that had been previously set.

#divname{
   position:static;
 }

position:relative

If you specify position:relative, then you can use top or bottom, and left or right to move the element relative to where it would normally occur in the document.

#divname {
 position:relative;
 top:20px;
 left:-40px;
 }

position:absolute

When you specify position:absolute, the element is removed from the document and placed exactly where you tell it to go.

#divname {
   position:absolute;
   top:0;
   right:0;
   width:200px;
 }

position:relative + position:absolute

If we set relative positioning on first div, any elements within first div will be positioned relative to first div. Then if we set absolute positioning on second, we can move it to the top right of first div:

   #firstdiv {
   position:relative;
   }
   #seconddiv {
   position:absolute;
   top:0;
   right:0;
   width:200px;
   }

Floating an element will shift it to the right or left of a line, with surrounding content flowing around it. For variable height columns, absolute positioning does not work, so let’s come up with another solution.

We can “float” an element to push it as far as possible to the right or to the left, and allow text to wrap around it.

#divname {
 float:left;
 width:200px;
 }

Then after the floating elements we can “clear” the floats to push down the rest of the content.

#divclear{
 clear:both;
 }

What is z-index

When you’re using CSS positioning to position elements on the page, you need to think in virtual 3-D. Each element on the page can be layered on top or beneath any other element. The z-index determines where in the stack each element is. I like to think of the elements as pieces of paper, and the Web page is a collage. Where I lay the paper is determined by positioning, and how much of it shows through the other elements is the z-index.

img
   {
   position:absolute;
   left:0px;
   top:0px;
   z-index:-1;//Set behind of any element while the z-index is -1.
 }

On short note z-index is used to stack order of an element.

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Start With Form :

<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" name="form1"><p>
<input name="fileImage" type="file" id="fileImage">
</p><p>
<input name="save-image" type="submit" id="save-image" value="Upload Image">
</p>

Upload Code:

<?phpif(isset($_POST['save-image'])){//Line Use to check if the buttton was pressed.

Full Code:

<?phpif(isset($_POST['save-image'])){$fileName=$_FILES['fileImage']['name'];

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addClass():

jQuery:

<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$("p.list").click(function(){
$(this).addClass("active");
});
});
</script>

The CSS:

<style type="text/css">
p{
float: left;
width: 33.3%;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.block {
margin-right: 10px;
padding: 20px;
background: #fff;
}
.active {background: #ccc;}
</style>

removeClass():

jQuery:

$(document).ready(function(){
$("p.list").click(function(){
$(this).removeClass("list");
});
});

The CSS:

<style type="text/css">
p {
float: left;
width: 33.3%;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
margin-right: 10px;
padding: 20px;
}
.list{
margin-right: 10px;
padding: 20px;
background: #CCCCCC;
}
</style>

toggleClass():

jQuery:

<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$("p.list").click(function(){
$(this).toggleClass("active");
});
});
</script>

The CSS:

<style type="text/css">
p{
float: left;
width: 33.3%;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.block {
margin-right: 10px;
padding: 20px;
background: #fff;
}
.active {background: #ccc;}
</style>

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It is important to note that most directories include directory listings as an alterative to the search box for finding websites. A directory listing uses hierarchal groupings from general to specific to categorize a site.

Spidering search engines take a very different approach. They automate the updating of information in their database by using robots to continually read web pages. A search engine robot/spider/crawler acts much like a web browser, except that instead of a human looking at the web pages, the robot parses the page and adds the page’s content it’s database.

Many of the larger search engines will have both a directory and spidering search engine, e.g. yahoo.com, google.com, and allow visitors to select which they want to search. Note that many search engines do not have their own search technology and are contracting services from elsewhere. For example, Google’s spider SE is their own, but their directory is and Open Directory; additionally aol.com and netscape.com both use Google’s spider SE for their results.

There are a few other search engine models of interest. There are some search engines that combine results from other engines such as dogpile.com and mamma.com. There are also search engines that add extra information to searches such as Amazon’s alexa.com, which uses Google’s backend but adds data from its search bar regarding tracking traffic to the site.

Source: http://www.searchenginejournal.com/

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In the context of a web page, a JavaScript object is any scriptable HTML element – that is any HTML element within a document that may be accessed through the JavaScript language. Scriptable HTML elements are associated with the Document Object Model, also known as the DOM.

Object:

In JavaScript, you interact with the browser throught the use of built in objects; these objects exist already, and can be accessed from your JavaScript code by name. The built-in objects are Date, Math, String, Array, and Object. Each is used in a unique and not-quite-consistent way. Objects have properties, which you can think of as characteristics of an object. Here are the four most commoly used objects:

1. The String Object:

The String object is used to manipulate a stored piece of text. The String object of JavaScript allows you to perform manipulations on a stored piece of text, such as extracting a substring, searching for the occurrence of a certain character within it etc. General method of using String Object is to declare a variable and assign a string, in other words a text to the variable.

String Object Properties:

length – The number of characters in the string. (# characters)

prototype – For creating more properties

String Object Methods for HTML Formatting:

See more methods

2. The Math Object :

The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks. The JavaScript math object can be invoked without creating an instance of it. But unlike the String and the Date object which requires defining the object, Math object need not be defined. So in conclusion The Math object of JavaScript allows you to perform certain calculations by using method functions of the Math object.

JavaScript Math Object Properties:

E – Euler’s constant

LN2 – Natural log of 2

LN10 – Natural log of 10

LOG2E – Base 2 logarithm of E.

LOG10E – Base 10 logarithm of E.

PI – Value of Pi

SQRT1_2 – Square root of 1/2.

SQRT2 – Square root of 2

Math Object Method:

3. The Date Object:

The Date object is used to work with dates and times. Generally in web page the Date object provides information about the current date and time on the client’s machine. The Date object is similar to the String object in that you create new instances of the object when you assign it to a variable. It differs from the String object in that you use a statement called new to create it.

JavaScript Date Object Properties:

constructor – Returns a reference to the Date function that created the object .

prototype – Allows you to add properties and methods to the object.

Instantiating a date object:

new Date()

new Date(year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds)

JavaScript Date Object Properties:

JavaScript Object, Method, propeties for Ajax:

• history: Represents the list of URLs that the browser had already been to.
• window: Represents the browser itself.
• XMLHttpRequest: The object that you use in Ajax to communicate with the server.

In JavaScript, Objects have methods and properties. A method is a chunk of code built into the object that performs some action. For example: you use the document object’s write method, which you access as document.write, to write to the document (in the current web page).

• document.write: Lets you write text to the current web page
• history.go: Moves the browser to a page in the browser’s history
• window.open: Opens a new browser window

Properties, on the other hand, are just settings that you can place data into. JavaScript properties often take their names from the attributes of HTML elements, such as the bgcolor attribute of the <body> element.

• document.bgcolor: Holds the background color of the current page.
• document.fgcolor: Holds the foreground color of the current page.
• document.lastmodified: Holds the data the page was last modified.
• document.title: Holds the title of the page
• location.hostname: Holds the name of the page’s host.
• navigator.appName: Holds the type of the browser

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First Create an object of any shape which you want to rotate around the circle. And give a instance name for the object. In this example I have used a circle shape having circ instance name & I will describe you using the same instance name in this tutorial.

Here I want to start right now. First I will divide the stage from X & Y by 2 show that I can find the center position of the stage.

circ.centerX = Stage.width / 2;

circ.centerY = Stage.height / 2;

Now set the starting point on the circle, in degrees.

circ.angle = 0;

Define the radius of the circle.

circ.radius = 100;

Here I declare the amount of change in the angle (You know angle change will be in degree) for each iteration of the animation. Here I have used 20 degree for angle change. This will effect the rotation speed. If you need to increase speed you should increase angleChange and decrease for low speed.

circ.angleChange = 10;

Now write a function to convert degrees to radians. This function accepts degrees and returns radians.

function degreetoradian(degree) {

return degree * (Math.PI / 180);

}

Ok We got the radians.

Now I start AS to rotate the circle.

function animateCircle() {

Here I store the radian conversion of the degree

var radian = degreetoradian(this.angle);

Now set the x and y cordinate for this movieClip, based on the clip-specific. And variables storing the circle center and radius, determining x and y coordinates using cosine and sine, respectively.

this._x = this.centerX + this.radius * Math.cos(radian);

this._y = this.centerY + this.radius * Math.sin(radian);

Here I add the angle change to the master angle for this clip with each iteration, so we know how to determine the next x,y point.

this.angle += this.angleChange;

And now modulus to determine the correct angle for any angle which is greater than 360-degrees.

this.angle+= 3;

}

You can give required value for angle change.

And in the final assign a funcion to be called on every EnterFrame event for this clip to play movie continiously.

circ.onEnterFrame = animateCircle;

The Action Script Code:

//Define the stage for orbit and finding the center.

  circ.centerX = Stage.width / 2;

  circ.centerY = Stage.height / 2;

  //Define the starting anlge point on the circle, in degrees.

  circ.angle = 0;

  //Set the radius of the circle

  circ.radius = 110;

  //Set the angle change amount value.

  circ.angleChange = 10;

  //function to convert degrees to radians

  function degreetoradian(degree) {

return degree * (Math.PI / 180);

}

//Create function to animate circle

function animateCircle() {

//use a local variable to store the radian conversion of the degree

// value more familiar to most of us. See notes on Flash angles.

var radian = degreetoradian(this.angle);

//set the x and y cordinate for this slip, based on the clip-specific

// variables storing the circle center and radius. See notes for

// determining x and y coordinates using cosine and sine, respectively.

this._x = this.centerX + this.radius * Math.cos(radian);

this._y = this.centerY + this.radius * Math.sin(radian);

//add the angle change to the master angle for this clip with each 

// iteration, so we know how to determine the next x,y point.

this.angle += this.angleChange;

//use modulus to determine the correct angle for any angle greater

// than 360-degrees. See notes for an explanation of modulus.

this.angle+= 3;

}

//Now animate circle on onEnterFrame

circ.onEnterFrame = animateCircle

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