Fossil fuels remain the backbone of global energy supply, powering electricity grids, heavy industry, transportation systems, and petrochemical production.

This visualization ranks the world’s top 25 fuel producers in 2024 by the physical weight of their output, combining coal, oil, and natural gas production in metric tons.

Importantly, this is a comparison of production by mass, not energy content. Different fuels contain different amounts of energy per ton, so the ranking should not be interpreted as a measure of each country’s total energy production.

The data for this visualization comes from the Austrian Ministry of Finance. Natural gas production is converted from cubic meters to metric tons.

China’s Coal Leads Fuel Output by a Wide Margin

With 4.8 billion metric tons of fuel output in 2024, China ranks first in this comparison by a wide margin. Its output by weight is more than double that of the United States, which ranks second.

The table below ranks the 25 leading countries by the combined weight of their coal, oil, and natural gas production, measured in million metric tons. Because these fuels have different energy densities, the totals compare physical output rather than energy content. Uranium production is included in the totals but is not shown separately because of its much smaller mass.

Rank	Country	Production (In Million Metric Tons)
		Coal	Oil	Natural Gas	Total
1	China	4,402.5	212.9	197.2	4,812.6
2	United States	473.8	948.8	854.6	2,277.2
3	Russia	426.6	523.0	509.4	1,459.0
4	India	1,085.1	28.9	28.8	1,142.8
5	Indonesia	836.1	28.9	56.4	921.4
6	Australia	467.7	18.1	128.7	614.6
7	Saudi Arabia	0.0	512.5	81.6	594.2
8	Canada	46.9	286.9	156.1	489.9
9	Iran	2.2	234.5	220.5	457.1
10	South Africa	234.0	0.0	0.0	234.0
11	UAE	0.0	179.8	49.1	228.9
12	Iraq	0.0	215.6	9.5	225.2
13	Kazakhstan	113.0	87.8	23.4	224.2
14	Qatar	0.0	76.4	135.4	211.8
15	Brazil	6.3	171.4	18.9	196.6
16	Norway	0.1	94.9	101.0	196.0
17	Kuwait	0.0	138.9	15.9	154.8
18	Algeria	0.0	63.6	83.3	146.8
19	Mexico	0.9	94.1	24.2	119.2
20	Nigeria	1.3	77.7	35.8	114.8
21	Colombia	60.0	38.6	8.5	107.0
22	Mongolia	103.8	0.6	0.0	104.4
23	Germany	91.9	2.0	3.6	97.5
24	Poland	84.9	0.8	3.6	89.3
25	Malaysia	4.1	24.8	60.4	89.3

China’s lead is overwhelmingly driven by coal. The country produced 4.4 billion metric tons of coal in 2024, accounting for nearly all of its fuel output by weight and more than half of global coal production.

In addition to being the largest coal producer, China is also the largest consumer of coal, using nearly all of its production domestically to generate electricity and fuel its manufacturing and industrial sectors.

The U.S. Dominates Oil and Natural Gas

The United States ranks second overall, producing 2.3 billion metric tons of fuel by weight in 2024. Unlike China, its production mix is more balanced across oil, natural gas, and coal.

U.S. oil production reached 948.8 million metric tons, while natural gas production totaled 854.6 million metric tons and coal production amounted to 473.8 million metric tons.

Globally, the U.S. is the leading producer of both oil and natural gas, accounting for about 25% of global natural gas production and 20.5% of global oil production in 2024.

A Concentrated Global Fuel Market

The top five countries—China, the United States, Russia, India, and Indonesia—produced a combined 10.6 billion metric tons of fuel in 2024. That represents about 63% of the global total by weight.

Russia ranks third with 1.5 billion metric tons, supported by large volumes of oil, natural gas, and coal. India ranks fourth at 1.1 billion metric tons, with coal making up the vast majority of its output.

Indonesia rounds out the top five with 921.4 million metric tons, also led by coal. Across the full ranking, the top 25 countries account for 91% of global mineral fuel production by weight, illustrating how concentrated fossil fuel extraction is among a relatively small group of countries.

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If you enjoyed today’s post, check out this graphic on where the world’s oil comes from by region.

How much of your paycheck would a pension replace in retirement? Depending on the country, the answer ranges from more than 80% to less than 20%.

This graphic ranks countries by their projected gross pension replacement rate, based on data from the OECD. The rate compares pension benefits with pre-retirement earnings, with both measured before taxes and contributions.

Estimates are for an average earner entering the workforce at age 22 in 2024 and include mandatory public and private pensions, but exclude voluntary private retirement savings.

Spain Leads the Ranking

Southern European countries dominate the top of the ranking, with Spain, Greece, Portugal, and Italy all placing in the top 10. Spain and Greece stand out at 80.4% and 79.6%, respectively.

Rank	Country	Pension Replacement Rate
1	Spain	80.4%
2	Greece	79.6%
3	Luxembourg	75.6%
4	Colombia	74.8%
5	Netherlands	74.7%
6	Austria	74.1%
7	Denmark	72.7%
8	Portugal	72.4%
9	Italy	70.6%
10	Mexico	69.6%
11	Türkiye	69.1%
12	Costa Rica	65.7%
13	Sweden	63.7%
14	Slovakia	58.0%
15	Finland	57.8%
16	France	56.6%
17	Hungary	51.9%
18	Chile	49.7%
19	Norway	46.1%
20	Slovenia	45.9%
21	UK	44.7%
22	Czechia	44.2%
23	Iceland	43.9%
24	Belgium	43.5%
25	Israel	42.8%
26	Switzerland	42.4%
27	Germany	42.1%
28	Australia	40.8%
29	U.S.	39.7%
30	New Zealand	39.5%
31	Latvia	38.7%
32	Canada	37.1%
33	Japan	36.5%
34	S. Korea	33.4%
35	Estonia	29.3%
36	Poland	28.6%
37	Ireland	24.3%
38	Lithuania	17.4%
--	OECD Average	52.0%

National prosperity is not a reliable predictor of pension replacement rates. Mexico and Türkiye are both near 70%, while Germany stands at 42.1% and the U.S. at 39.7%, reflecting substantial differences in how national retirement systems are structured.

At the bottom, Lithuania’s replacement rate is just 17.4%, less than one-quarter of Spain’s 80.4%. South Korea and Japan also rank relatively low, at 33.4% and 36.5%, respectively.

Where Low Pensions Meet High Senior Poverty

A low replacement rate does not automatically mean high senior poverty, but several countries near the bottom of the pension ranking also have elevated old-age poverty rates. In Lithuania, more than 20% of people aged 65 and older live in relative income poverty.

The pattern extends across the Baltics. Old-age poverty exceeds 30% in Estonia and Latvia, compared with an OECD average of 14.8%. In the U.S., the rate is also relatively high at 22.9%.

At the other extreme, the Netherlands combines a 74.7% replacement rate with an old-age poverty rate of just 4.6%. Denmark, Finland, and Norway also have poverty rates at or below 5%.

Replacement rates are only one part of retirement security, but these comparisons show how differently pension systems replace workers’ earnings across the OECD.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the annual cost of retirement by state.

Mapped: The Cost of Living in Every U.S. State (2026)

Living costs vary significantly across the United States, with some states well above or below the national average.

This map shows the overall cost of living index for all 50 states and Washington, D.C. in Q1 2026, using the C2ER Cost of Living Index published by the Missouri Economic Research and Information Center (MERIC).

The index measures relative prices for a household basket of goods and services in participating urban areas, with the U.S. average set at 100. It reflects prices, not incomes: a state at 120 is 20% more expensive than average, regardless of what its residents earn.

The Cost of Living in the U.S., State by State

The gap between America’s most and least expensive states is striking: Hawaii’s cost of living index is more than twice Oklahoma’s.

Hawaii tops the ranking at 184.8, meaning living costs are nearly 85% above the national average. Housing is the biggest contributor, with the state’s housing index reaching 302.4.

The table below shows the cost of living index for every state in Q1 2026, along with how far each sits above or below the U.S. average:

Massachusetts (147.8) and California (140.5) follow Hawaii, with Washington, D.C. (134.3) and Alaska (129.0) rounding out the top five. These are the same five jurisdictions that led the 2025 edition of this ranking.

New York, at 124.7, is 24.7% more expensive than the national average, while Texas is the outlier among the four largest states. At 90.7, it is 9.3% cheaper than the national average.

On the other end of the affordability scale, Oklahoma’s 83.5 makes it the cheapest state in America, with Alabama (85.0) and Mississippi (86.2) following and extending a Southern affordability belt.

Housing Drives the Biggest Differences in Cost of Living

Housing drives the biggest cost differences between states. Its index ranges from 66.9 in Oklahoma to 302.4 in Hawaii, a 4.5-fold gap. Grocery costs are much closer, with 45 of 51 jurisdictions within seven points of the national average.

The income needed to live comfortably in each state also tracks housing costs closely.

The table below shows how each state compares across all six C2ER spending categories:

Some categories buck the overall trend. Texas is 9.3% cheaper than average despite above-average utility costs, while Minnesota has below-average housing costs but health costs 11.5% above average.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

For a different perspective on U.S. state economies, check out this graphic, which maps each state’s country equivalent in GDP terms on Voronoi.

Football’s biggest clubs have grown into multibillion-euro businesses, led by two of the sport’s most famous rivals.

This graphic ranks the world’s 20 most valuable football clubs using 2026 enterprise value data from the Brand Finance Football 50 report. All 20 clubs in the ranking are based in Europe, spanning six national leagues.

Spain: Home to the Giants

The two most valuable football clubs in the world are both based in Spain.

Real Madrid CF (€8.1 billion) is the world’s most valuable club by enterprise value. Its longtime rival, FC Barcelona, ranks second at €6.7 billion. Both teams play in La Liga, the highest level of the Spanish football system.

The table below ranks the world’s 20 most valuable football clubs based on their 2026 enterprise value.

Rank	Brand	Enterprise Value (billions €)
1	Real Madrid CF	8.1
2	FC Barcelona	6.7
3	FC Bayern Munich	6.0
4	Arsenal FC	6.0
5	Liverpool FC	5.1
6	Manchester United FC	4.7
7	Manchester City FC	4.5
8	Paris Saint-Germain	4.2
9	Chelsea FC	3.7
10	Tottenham Hotspur FC	2.3
11	Club Atlético de Madrid	2.2
12	Borussia Dortmund	2.1
13	Aston Villa FC	1.9
14	FC Internazionale Milano	1.6
15	Newcastle United FC	1.3
16	Juventus FC	1.2
17	Bayer 04 Leverkusen	1.1
18	AC Milan	1.0
19	Sporting Clube de Portugal	0.4
20	SSC Napoli	0.3

Real Madrid and Barcelona stand well ahead of their closest Spanish rival. Atlético Madrid ranks 11th globally at €2.2 billion, meaning Real Madrid’s enterprise value is more than three times larger.

The two clubs’ global fan bases, commercial reach, and long histories of success have helped turn the El Clásico rivals into two of football’s most valuable businesses.

England: The Premier Football Teams

Spain may be home to the top two clubs, but England’s Premier League accounts for most of their closest competitors in enterprise value.

Of the world’s 10 most valuable football clubs, six play in the Premier League: Arsenal (€6 billion), Liverpool (€5.1 billion), Manchester United (€4.7 billion), Manchester City (€4.5 billion), Chelsea (€3.7 billion), and Tottenham Hotspur (€2.3 billion).

England’s strength extends beyond the top 10. Aston Villa (€1.9 billion) and Newcastle United (€1.3 billion) also make the global top 20, giving the Premier League eight clubs in the ranking overall.

The Most Valuable Football Clubs in the World

Beyond La Liga and the Premier League, Europe’s most valuable teams include Germany’s Bayern Munich (€6 billion) and France’s Paris Saint-Germain (€4.2 billion).

Italy’s most valuable club is Internazionale Milano at €1.6 billion. Inter Milan ranks 14th worldwide and is known for its high fan attendance. Other Italian clubs in the top 20 include Juventus (€1.2 billion), AC Milan (€1 billion), and SSC Napoli (€339 million).

A single Portuguese club makes the top 20: Sporting Clube de Portugal (€394 million), based in Lisbon.

The ranking also highlights the scale of the gap between Europe’s biggest clubs and those near the bottom of the top 20. Real Madrid’s €8.1 billion enterprise value is roughly 20 times Sporting CP’s €394 million and nearly 24 times Napoli’s €339 million.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To see how total league revenues stack up, check out Soccer Revenues Vary Across Europe on Voronoi.

Global household wealth reached a record $570 trillion in 2025, rising by $40 trillion from the previous year.

This visualization ranks countries by estimated household net worth in 2025, measured in trillions of U.S. dollars. Household net worth includes the value of all household assets minus liabilities.

The data comes from McKinsey & Company, drawing on analysis from CEIC, national statistical agencies, central banks, the OECD, Eurostat, and other government sources.

The U.S. Holds 30% of Global Household Wealth

The United States accounts for 30.7% of global household net worth, by far the largest share of any country.

The table below shows the total household net worth of selected economies in 2025, as well as their share of global household net worth:

Rank	Country	2025 Household Net Worth ($T)	Share (%)
1	United States	175	30.7
2	China	75	13.2
3	Germany	23	4.0
4	Japan	22	3.9
5	France	16	2.8
6	United Kingdom	15	2.6
7	Italy	13	2.3
8	Canada	13	2.3
9	Australia	12	2.1
10	Spain	11	1.9
11	South Korea	10	1.8
12	Netherlands	6.4	1.1
13	Mexico	5.4	0.9
14	Belgium	3.9	0.7
15	Sweden	2.9	0.5
16	Austria	2.5	0.4
17	Denmark	2.1	0.4
18	Poland	1.8	0.3
19	Ireland	1.5	0.3
20	Portugal	1.1	0.2
21	Czechia	1.1	0.2
22	Finland	0.9	0.2
--	Rest of world	155.4	27
--	World Total	570	100.0

Equities were a major driver of U.S. household wealth growth in 2025, as optimism around AI lifted markets and corporate earnings continued to rise.

America’s household wealth is highly concentrated among the wealthiest, with the top 1% of households accounting for nearly one-third of national wealth. Meanwhile, at the other end of the spectrum, over 18% of the U.S. population lives below the poverty line.

At $175 trillion, U.S. household net worth also exceeds the combined total of China, Germany, Japan, France, and the United Kingdom, which together amount to $151 trillion.

China Ranks Second, Far Behind the U.S.

China had the world’s second-highest household net worth in 2025, at $75 trillion, despite a decline in paper wealth as real estate prices fell.

This represents 13.2% of global household wealth, less than half the U.S. share. Still, China sits well ahead of every other country in the dataset.

Together, the U.S. and China account for $250 trillion in household net worth, equal to 43.9% of the global total. This underscores how much household wealth is concentrated in the world’s two largest economies.

European Countries Saw Some of the Fastest Wealth Growth

While no European country comes close to the household wealth totals of the U.S. or China, Europe has a strong presence throughout the ranking.

Poland, Ireland, Spain, and Sweden were among the fastest-growing countries in 2025, with each posting double-digit household wealth growth in U.S. dollar terms.

Germany ranks third globally with $23 trillion in household net worth and leads Europe, followed by France at $16 trillion, the United Kingdom at $15 trillion, and Italy at $13 trillion.

Several smaller European economies also appear further down the ranking, including Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Sweden.

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If you found this post interesting, check out The Top 10% Richest Own Two Thirds of All Household Wealth in the U.S. on Voronoi.

Artificial intelligence is becoming a major arena for geopolitical competition between the U.S. and China, spanning advanced chips and data centers to technical standards and AI governance.

This visualization, created by Iswardi Ishak, maps two emerging camps: the U.S.-led Pax Silica initiative and China’s World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (W.A.I.C.O.). The visualization is based on data from the U.S. Department of State and Xinhua Net.

Two Competing Visions for the AI Era

Pax Silica is a U.S.-led initiative focused on securing the physical foundations of AI, including semiconductors, computing infrastructure, advanced manufacturing, and critical minerals. Its membership brings together many economies that occupy important positions in the global chip supply chain.

By contrast, W.A.I.C.O. is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Shanghai. In July 2026, 29 countries signed its founding agreement, with a stated goal of promoting international cooperation and global governance around safe and equitable AI.

The table below shows the countries participating in the two groups:

Country	Group
Kazakhstan	Both
Argentina	Pax Silica
Australia	Pax Silica
Chile	Pax Silica
Costa Rica	Pax Silica
El Salvador	Pax Silica
Finland	Pax Silica
Germany	Pax Silica
Greece	Pax Silica
India	Pax Silica
Israel	Pax Silica
Italy	Pax Silica
Japan	Pax Silica
Netherlands	Pax Silica
Norway	Pax Silica
Panama	Pax Silica
Philippines	Pax Silica
Qatar	Pax Silica
Singapore	Pax Silica
South Korea	Pax Silica
Sweden	Pax Silica
United Arab Emirates	Pax Silica
United Kingdom	Pax Silica
United States of America	Pax Silica
Austria	Pax Silica (via EU)
Belgium	Pax Silica (via EU)
Bulgaria	Pax Silica (via EU)
Croatia	Pax Silica (via EU)
Cyprus	Pax Silica (via EU)
Czech Republic	Pax Silica (via EU)
Denmark	Pax Silica (via EU)
Estonia	Pax Silica (observer status only)
France	Pax Silica (via EU)
Hungary	Pax Silica (via EU)
Ireland	Pax Silica (via EU)
Latvia	Pax Silica (via EU)
Lithuania	Pax Silica (via EU)
Netherlands	Pax Silica (via EU)
Poland	Pax Silica (via EU)
Portugal	Pax Silica (via EU)
Romania	Pax Silica (via EU)
Slovakia	Pax Silica (via EU)
Spain	Pax Silica (via EU)
Taiwan	Pax Silica (non-signatory participant)
Algeria	WAICO
Belarus	WAICO
Brazil	WAICO
Cambodia	WAICO
Cameroon	WAICO
China	WAICO
Congo	WAICO
Cuba	WAICO
Ethiopia	WAICO
Indonesia	WAICO
Iran	WAICO
Kenya	WAICO
Kyrgyzstan	WAICO
Laos	WAICO
Lesotho	WAICO
Malaysia	WAICO
Mozambique	WAICO
Myanmar	WAICO
Nicaragua	WAICO
Oman	WAICO
Pakistan	WAICO
Russia	WAICO
Senegal	WAICO
Serbia	WAICO
South Africa	WAICO
Tajikistan	WAICO
Uzbekistan	WAICO
Venezuela	WAICO
Zambia	WAICO

The memberships reveal two different geographic strengths. Pax Silica includes the U.S. and major European and Indo-Pacific technology economies, while W.A.I.C.O. extends more deeply into the Global South, including Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, Pakistan, and numerous African states.

Why Countries Are Choosing Different Sides

The two blocs are not exact equivalents. Pax Silica is principally a supply-chain partnership, while W.A.I.C.O. is a treaty-founded international organization centered on AI cooperation and governance. That difference also helps explain why membership can overlap.

For Washington, access to cutting-edge chips and trusted supply chains is a major source of leverage. The U.S. ecosystem includes semiconductor strengths across countries such as Japan, South Korea, and the Netherlands, while America’s broader economic relationship with Beijing remains deeply interconnected through U.S.-China trade.

China, meanwhile, can offer developing economies infrastructure, training, and access to increasingly competitive open-weight AI models. This may be particularly attractive to countries that feel underrepresented in Western-led technology institutions or want to avoid dependence on a single supplier.

The World’s AI Swing States

The map also highlights Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Vietnam among the major economies still in play. Their choices matter because AI infrastructure is becoming increasingly difficult to separate from foreign policy.

This does not necessarily mean every country must permanently choose Washington or Beijing. Singapore and other globally connected economies have incentives to preserve access to multiple technology ecosystems, particularly as AI adoption varies widely around the world.

The stakes are enormous. One analysis estimates roughly $800 billion in Asia-Pacific data center investment through 2030, meaning today’s decisions about chips, clouds, energy systems, and technical standards could lock in relationships for decades.

What the AI Cold War Could Mean for the Future

Rather than two isolated digital worlds emerging overnight, the bigger risk is gradual fragmentation. Countries could face different rules governing access to cloud infrastructure, technical standards, and AI models depending on their partnerships.

Yet the map also shows why the Cold War analogy has limits. These blocs are neither mutually exclusive nor military alliances, and many strategically important economies remain outside either camp.

The contest may ultimately be less about which country builds the best AI model and more about which ecosystem becomes indispensable. Washington is betting on control of crucial supply-chain chokepoints and trusted infrastructure, while Beijing is building a broader coalition around access, development, and a larger role for emerging economies in AI governance.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To see how individual models compare within this rapidly evolving landscape, check out Ranked: The Smartest AI Models in 2026 on the Voronoi app.

America’s population growth through 2050 is projected to be increasingly concentrated in the South and Mountain West, while several states are expected to lose residents.

New projections from the University of Virginia’s Weldon Cooper Center, incorporating the Census Bureau’s latest population estimates, show how the population of every state is expected to change over the next 25 years.

How Every State’s Population Is Projected to Change

The following table shows the projected percentage and numerical population change for all 50 states and Washington, D.C.

Rank	State	Population Change 2025-2050P	% Change
1	Texas	10,381,342	32.7%
2	Florida	6,972,052	29.7%
3	North Carolina	1,979,467	17.7%
4	Georgia	1,796,269	15.9%
5	Washington	1,595,347	19.9%
6	Arizona	1,488,266	19.5%
7	Utah	1,286,189	36.3%
8	Colorado	1,258,060	20.9%
9	South Carolina	1,191,727	21.4%
10	Tennessee	1,079,735	14.8%
11	Idaho	771,954	38.0%
12	Nevada	748,582	22.8%
13	Virginia	648,092	7.3%
14	New Jersey	451,393	4.7%
15	Minnesota	344,581	5.9%
16	Massachusetts	331,157	4.6%
17	Oregon	295,077	6.9%
18	Oklahoma	285,768	6.9%
19	Maryland	220,244	3.5%
20	North Dakota	193,724	24.2%
21	Delaware	184,832	17.4%
22	Alabama	180,756	3.5%
23	Indiana	177,922	2.6%
24	Montana	170,031	14.9%
25	Nebraska	166,227	8.2%
26	South Dakota	141,910	15.2%
27	District of Columbia	90,092	13.0%
28	Arkansas	51,202	1.6%
29	Iowa	44,224	1.4%
30	New Hampshire	11,943	0.8%
31	Kentucky	1,363	0.0%
32	Maine	-3,729	-0.3%
33	Rhode Island	-4,545	-0.4%
34	Wyoming	-18,676	-3.2%
35	Alaska	-33,991	-4.6%
36	Vermont	-39,400	-6.1%
37	Hawaii	-43,574	-3.0%
38	Kansas	-62,629	-2.1%
39	Missouri	-116,731	-1.9%
40	New Mexico	-123,006	-5.8%
41	Wisconsin	-126,928	-2.1%
42	Connecticut	-138,679	-3.8%
43	West Virginia	-289,191	-16.4%
44	Mississippi	-323,931	-11.0%
45	Louisiana	-343,451	-7.4%
46	Ohio	-513,895	-4.3%
47	Michigan	-572,506	-5.7%
48	Pennsylvania	-614,086	-4.7%
49	California	-759,590	-1.9%
50	New York	-989,152	-4.9%
51	Illinois	-1,402,122	-11.0%
--	U.S. Total	28,019,716	8.2%

Population gains are concentrated among a relatively small group of states, with the largest increases centered in the South and West.

Texas leads by absolute growth, adding a projected 10.4 million people, followed by Florida at nearly 7 million. North Carolina ranks third with an increase of about 2 million.

The picture changes when looking at percentage growth. Idaho, which was also among the fastest-growing states from 2020 to 2025, leads the projections at 38.0%, followed by Utah at 36.3%. At the opposite end, West Virginia is projected to decline by 16.4%, the steepest drop nationally.

How the Population Outlook Has Changed

The latest projections differ significantly from the Cooper Center’s previous vintage. The 2026 update incorporates the Census Bureau’s 2025 Population Estimates, reflecting more recent demographic trends.

The revisions are particularly striking for California and New York. California shifted from a projected gain of 3.1 million residents to a decline of about 760,000, while New York moved from a projected gain of 820,000 to a loss of nearly one million.

Meanwhile, projected gains increased for Texas from 8.6 million to 10.4 million and for Florida from 5.2 million to 7 million.

America’s Population Center Keeps Moving South

By 2050, the South is projected to contain 42.7% of the U.S. population, up from 38.1% in 2020. Meanwhile, the Northeast and Midwest are expected to account for smaller shares of the national population.

This shift is already visible in recent Census data. From 2024 to 2025, Texas added 391,000 residents, more than any other state, followed by Florida and North Carolina.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic showing where wealth is moving in America.

First played for the 1966 season, the Super Bowl has become the biggest event in American football and one of the most watched annual sporting events in the United States.

This visualization shows when each NFL team has won a Super Bowl title, using data from Statmuse. The ranking excludes all championships from before the Super Bowl era and records victories by NFL season. For example, the championship concluding the 2025 season was played in February 2026.

The Dynasties Who Dominate

Only 20 of the NFL’s 32 teams have won a Super Bowl. At the top, the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers have six titles apiece, accounting for 12 of the 60 championships played so far.

They built those records in very different eras.

The Steelers’ dynasty emerged in the 1970s. At the start of the 1974 season, Pittsburgh had never won a Super Bowl trophy. Within six seasons, the team had won four and established itself as the NFL’s dominant franchise of the decade.

The table below ranks NFL teams by their number of Super Bowl titles and the seasons in which they won.

Rank	Team	# of Super Bowl Wins	Years of Super Bowl Victories
1	New England Patriots	6	2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2018
2	Pittsburgh Steelers	6	1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008
3	San Francisco 49ers	5	1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994
4	Dallas Cowboys	5	1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995
5	New York Giants	4	1986, 1990, 2007, 2011
6	Green Bay Packers	4	1966, 1967, 1996, 2010
7	Kansas City Chiefs	4	1969, 2019, 2022, 2023
8	Denver Broncos	3	1997, 1998, 2015
9	Washington Commanders	3	1982, 1987, 1991
10	Las Vegas Raiders	3	1976, 1980, 1983
11	Seattle Seahawks	2	2013, 2025
12	Tampa Bay Buccaneers	2	2002, 2020
13	Baltimore Ravens	2	2000, 2012
14	Philadelphia Eagles	2	2017, 2024
15	Los Angeles Rams	2	1999, 2021
16	Miami Dolphins	2	1972, 1973
17	Indianapolis Colts	2	1970, 2006
18	New Orleans Saints	1	2009
19	Chicago Bears	1	1985
20	New York Jets	1	1968

The Patriots built their dynasty decades later, dominating the sport throughout the 2000s and 2010s under head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady.

During the Brady-Belichick era, New England won six of its nine Super Bowl appearances. In the process, rival fan bases nicknamed the team “the Evil Empire.”

Brady’s success in New England helped establish him as the greatest quarterback of all time. He left the Patriots before the 2020 season and immediately won a record seventh Super Bowl in his first season with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

The Most Successful Teams in the NFL

Several other franchises have built impressive Super Bowl résumés. The Green Bay Packers, for example, won half of their four titles in the first two editions of the championship game, following the 1966 and 1967 seasons.

The Dallas Cowboys won twice in the 1970s, then added three titles in a four-season span during the early 1990s. In the process, the Texas team became known as “America’s Team” and eventually became the most valuable sports team in the world.

The Cowboys’ five titles were matched by their NFC rivals, the San Francisco 49ers, who won five Super Bowls between the 1981 and 1994 seasons.

Waiting on a Miracle

Twelve NFL franchises have never won a Super Bowl. Eight have reached the championship game without winning it, including the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers.

Four teams have never appeared in a Super Bowl: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans.

Two former champions are also enduring especially long droughts. The Chicago Bears last lifted the trophy following the 1985 season, while the New York Jets last won following the 1968 season. Each franchise has won the Super Bowl once.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To compare these teams by the revenue that Super Bowl success can help generate, check out Every NFL Team’s Revenue Compared on Voronoi.

A handful of countries occupy a remarkable share of the planet’s land. Russia alone accounts for 12.6% of the global total, while China and the U.S. each account for roughly 7%.

Some of the rankings may be surprising. The U.S. narrowly surpasses Canada when inland water is excluded, while Australia has more than twice the land area of India.

Using World Bank data, this graphic ranks the world’s 50 largest countries by land area, excluding inland water bodies.

The Largest Countries Pull Away From the Rest

The gap between the largest countries and the rest is steep. Australia, ranked sixth, is nearly three times larger than India in seventh place.

Taken together, the five largest countries occupy more land than the next 27 countries combined.

Rank	Country	Land Area (mi²)	Share
1	Russia	6,323,142	12.6%
2	China	3,624,807	7.2%
3	U.S.	3,531,837	7.0%
4	Canada	3,393,335	6.8%
5	Brazil	3,227,095	6.4%
6	Australia	2,969,904	5.9%
7	India	1,147,955	2.3%
8	Argentina	1,056,641	2.1%
9	Kazakhstan	1,042,360	2.1%
10	Algeria	919,595	1.8%
11	DR Congo	875,313	1.7%
12	Saudi Arabia	830,000	1.7%
13	Mexico	750,563	1.5%
14	Indonesia	730,719	1.5%
15	Sudan	721,239	1.4%
16	Libya	679,362	1.4%
17	Iran	626,450	1.3%
18	Mongolia	601,740	1.2%
19	Peru	494,211	1.0%
20	Niger	489,075	1.0%
21	Chad	486,180	1.0%
22	Angola	481,353	1.0%
23	Mali	471,118	0.9%
24	South Africa	468,376	0.9%
25	Ethiopia	435,716	0.9%
26	Colombia	428,380	0.9%
27	Bolivia	418,264	0.8%
28	Mauritania	397,955	0.8%
29	Egypt	384,345	0.8%
30	Nigeria	351,650	0.7%
31	Tanzania	342,009	0.7%
32	Venezuela	340,561	0.7%
33	Namibia	317,874	0.6%
34	Mozambique	303,623	0.6%
35	Pakistan	297,638	0.6%
36	Türkiye	297,156	0.6%
37	Zambia	287,024	0.6%
38	Chile	286,809	0.6%
39	Myanmar	251,997	0.5%
40	Afghanistan	251,827	0.5%
41	South Sudan	243,989	0.5%
42	Somalia	242,217	0.5%
43	Central African Republic	240,534	0.5%
44	Madagascar	224,634	0.4%
45	Kenya	224,278	0.4%
46	Ukraine	223,707	0.4%
47	Botswana	218,816	0.4%
48	France	208,090	0.4%
49	Yemen	203,850	0.4%
50	Thailand	197,256	0.4%
51	Spain	192,934	0.4%
52	Cameroon	182,514	0.4%
53	Turkmenistan	181,441	0.4%
54	Papua New Guinea	174,850	0.3%
55	Morocco	172,317	0.3%
56	Uzbekistan	170,136	0.3%
57	Iraq	167,618	0.3%
58	Greenland	158,476	0.3%
59	Sweden	157,248	0.3%
60	Paraguay	152,901	0.3%
61	Zimbabwe	149,364	0.3%
62	Japan	140,761	0.3%
63	Norway	140,645	0.3%
64	Germany	134,916	0.3%
65	Republic of Congo	131,854	0.3%
66	Malaysia	126,854	0.3%
67	Côte d'Ivoire	122,780	0.2%
68	Vietnam	121,016	0.2%
69	Oman	119,499	0.2%
70	Poland	118,251	0.2%
71	Finland	117,360	0.2%
72	Philippines	115,124	0.2%
73	Italy	114,178	0.2%
74	Burkina Faso	105,638	0.2%
75	New Zealand	101,665	0.2%
76	Gabon	99,487	0.2%
77	Ecuador	95,892	0.2%
78	Guinea	94,873	0.2%
79	UK	93,410	0.2%
80	Laos	89,112	0.2%
81	Romania	88,834	0.2%
82	Ghana	87,851	0.2%
83	Guyana	81,522	0.2%
84	Belarus	78,372	0.2%
85	Uganda	77,421	0.2%
86	Senegal	74,336	0.1%
87	Kyrgyzstan	74,054	0.1%
88	Syria	70,900	0.1%
89	Cambodia	68,155	0.1%
90	Uruguay	67,576	0.1%
91	Suriname	61,972	0.1%
92	Tunisia	59,985	0.1%
93	Nepal	55,348	0.1%
94	Tajikistan	53,587	0.1%
95	Bangladesh	50,186	0.1%
96	Greece	49,769	0.1%
97	Eritrea	46,787	0.1%
98	North Korea	46,491	0.1%
99	Nicaragua	46,464	0.1%
100	Benin	43,537	0.1%
101	Honduras	43,201	0.1%
102	Bulgaria	41,915	0.1%
103	Guatemala	41,375	0.1%
104	Cuba	40,077	0.1%
105	Iceland	38,931	0.1%
106	South Korea	37,684	0.1%
107	Liberia	37,189	0.1%
108	Malawi	36,402	0.1%
109	Portugal	35,369	0.1%
110	Hungary	35,236	0.1%
111	Jordan	34,284	0.1%
112	Serbia	32,467	0.1%
113	Azerbaijan	31,911	0.1%
114	Austria	31,861	0.1%
115	Czechia	29,794	0.1%
116	Panama	28,641	0.1%
117	Sierra Leone	27,869	0.1%
118	UAE	27,421	0.1%
119	Georgia	26,830	0.1%
120	Ireland	26,599	0.1%
121	Lithuania	24,170	0.05%
122	Latvia	24,027	0.05%
123	Sri Lanka	23,884	0.05%
124	Croatia	21,606	0.04%
125	Togo	21,000	0.04%
126	Bosnia and Herzegovina	19,768	0.04%
127	Costa Rica	19,714	0.04%
128	Dominican Republic	18,609	0.04%
129	Slovakia	18,564	0.04%
130	Estonia	16,498	0.03%
131	Denmark	15,444	0.03%
132	Switzerland	15,255	0.03%
133	Bhutan	14,726	0.03%
134	Netherlands	13,000	0.03%
135	Moldova	12,714	0.03%
136	Belgium	11,774	0.02%
137	Lesotho	11,722	0.02%
138	Armenia	10,888	0.02%
139	Guinea-Bissau	10,857	0.02%
140	Equatorial Guinea	10,830	0.02%
141	Solomon Islands	10,807	0.02%
142	Haiti	10,641	0.02%
143	Albania	10,579	0.02%
144	Burundi	9,915	0.02%
145	North Macedonia	9,737	0.02%
146	Rwanda	9,525	0.02%
147	Djibouti	8,950	0.02%
148	Belize	8,807	0.02%
149	Israel	8,355	0.02%
150	El Salvador	8,000	0.02%
151	Slovenia	7,774	0.02%
152	New Caledonia	7,058	0.01%
153	Fiji	7,054	0.01%
154	Kuwait	6,880	0.01%
155	Eswatini	6,641	0.01%
156	Timor-Leste	5,741	0.01%
157	Montenegro	5,193	0.01%
158	Vanuatu	4,707	0.01%
159	Qatar	4,436	0.01%
160	Jamaica	4,181	0.01%
161	Lebanon	3,950	0.01%
162	Gambia	3,907	0.01%
163	Bahamas	3,865	0.01%
164	Cyprus	3,568	0.01%
165	Puerto Rico	3,425	0.01%
166	West Bank and Gaza	2,326	0.0%
167	Brunei Darussalam	2,035	0.0%
168	Trinidad and Tobago	1,981	0.0%
169	Cabo Verde	1,556	0.0%
170	French Polynesia	1,340	0.0%
171	Samoa	1,073	0.0%
172	Luxembourg	994	0.0%
173	Mauritius	771	0.0%
174	Comoros	719	0.0%
175	Faroe Islands	529	0.0%
176	Hong Kong SAR	405	0.0%
177	Sao Tome and Principe	371	0.0%
178	Turks and Caicos Islands	367	0.0%
179	Kiribati	313	0.0%
180	Bahrain	309	0.0%
181	Dominica	290	0.0%
182	Tonga	278	0.0%
183	Singapore	277	0.0%
184	Micronesia	270	0.0%
185	St. Lucia	236	0.0%
186	Isle of Man	220	0.0%
187	Guam	208	0.0%
188	Andorra	181	0.0%
189	Seychelles	178	0.0%
190	Palau	178	0.0%
191	Northern Mariana Islands	178	0.0%
192	Curacao	171	0.0%
193	Antigua and Barbuda	170	0.0%
194	Barbados	166	0.0%
195	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	151	0.0%
196	Virgin Islands	135	0.0%
197	Grenada	131	0.0%
198	Malta	124	0.0%
199	Maldives	115	0.0%
200	St. Kitts and Nevis	100	0.0%
201	Cayman Islands	93	0.0%
202	American Samoa	77	0.0%
203	Channel Islands	76	0.0%
204	Aruba	69	0.0%
205	Marshall Islands	69	0.0%
206	Liechtenstein	62	0.0%
207	British Virgin Islands	58	0.0%
208	San Marino	23	0.0%
209	Bermuda	21	0.0%
210	St. Martin (French part)	19	0.0%
211	Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	13	0.0%
212	Macao SAR	13	0.0%
213	Tuvalu	12	0.0%
214	Naoero	8	0.0%
215	Gibraltar	4	0.0%
216	Monaco	1	0.0%
--	Total Land Area	50,102,095	100.0%

Asia accounts for 31.8% of the world’s land area in the dataset, the largest share of any region. Russia is classified under Asia because roughly 77% of its territory lies there, despite most Russians living in the European portion of the country.

The Middle East accounts for another 4.8% of global land, slightly exceeding Europe’s 4.4% share when Russia is excluded. Saudi Arabia, the region’s largest country, ranks 12th globally by land area.

Land area can also produce some counterintuitive rankings because lakes are excluded. The Great Lakes alone cover more than 94,000 square miles across the U.S. and Canada, forming the world’s largest body of surface freshwater.

Africa’s Sheer Scale

Africa presents a different picture. Rather than being dominated by one enormous country, its land is spread across a long list of large nations.

Twenty-one African countries rank among the world’s 50 largest by land area, more than any other region. Yet Algeria, Africa’s largest country, ranks only 10th globally.

Its true scale is often obscured by map projections. Africa has roughly 14 times the land area of Greenland, which appears much larger relative to Africa on a Mercator map.

The U.S. and Canada Are Bigger Than South America

North America offers another comparison that is easy to miss on a conventional world map.

The U.S. and Canada together span over 6.9 million square miles of land, more than all of South America combined. Brazil alone accounts for nearly half of South America’s land area, followed by Argentina, Peru, and Colombia.

One of the ranking’s biggest surprises is the U.S. finishing ahead of Canada. Canada is larger by total surface area, but its vast network of lakes changes the order when inland water is excluded. By land area, the U.S. ranks third globally and Canada fourth.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the countries with the most freshwater.