W3 TOOLS - Making Web Easier..!

How To Set Nginx as Load Balancer for CDN

2016-10-18T10:33:00.000+05:30

Before Starting to set HaProxy, we need to setup 2 or more servers to set in the Load Balancer. Lets assume that we have set 3 servers with Nginx on them. In all servers modify the “add_header X-Proxy-Serve” line in order to name each server.

Now we have 3 servers and named them as CDN1, CDN2 and CDN3, we can now put a load balancer in front of them to complete our CDN setup.

Even though Nginx itself can be used as load balancer, we prefer to use HaProxy for our load balancer. On a new server, simply install Haproxy and modify haproxy.conf as follows:

When we start our HaProxy with this configuration, the requests will be equally distributed to our three Nginx servers. The configuration above assumes that Haproxy can communicate with Nginx servers on a private LAN. You can change these to public IPs if you don’t have a private network. In addition, you can view statistics of Haproxy on 9000 port to verify that each Nginx server is working on our simple CDN setup.

ShareThis Asynchronous Javascript Loading

2016-08-20T21:57:00.000+05:30

Unfortunately the ShareThis service has a lot of known issues, like loading a lot of data from their tracking site, b.scorecardresearch.com and other types of bloat when initializing their icons.

Because calling stLight.options depends on having the buttons.js script already loaded, it is not really feasible to initialize the code like this:

However, you could use an onload function to do the stLight.options, and then wrap the entire thing inside of a function that won’t interfere with the global namespace, like this:

Make sure to update your publisher ID in the code above if you copy / paste it.

Source: https://techblog.willshouse.com/2014/06/07/sharethis-asynchronous-javascript-loading/

Sanitize Inputs in PHP

2014-09-23T23:23:00.001+05:30

1) Function for stripping out malicious bits

<?php
function cleanInput($input) {
 
  $search = array(
    '@@si',   // Strip out javascript
    '@<[\/\!]*?[^<>]*?>@si',            // Strip out HTML tags
    '@@siU',    // Strip style tags properly
    '@<![\s\S]*?--[ \t\n\r]*>@'         // Strip multi-line comments
  );
 
    $output = preg_replace($search, '', $input);
    return $output;
  }
?>

2) Sanitization function

Uses the function above, as well as adds slashes as to not screw up database functions.

<?php
function sanitize($input) {
    if (is_array($input)) {
        foreach($input as $var=>$val) {
            $output[$var] = sanitize($val);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
            $input = stripslashes($input);
        }
        $input  = cleanInput($input);
        $output = mysql_real_escape_string($input);
    }
    return $output;
}
?>

Usage

<?php
  $bad_string = "Hi! <script src='http://www.evilsite.com/bad_script.js'>< /script> It's a good day!";
  $good_string = sanitize($bad_string);

  $_POST = sanitize($_POST);
  $_GET  = sanitize($_GET);
?>

Reference URL

Auto-FFmpeg-cPanel :: Auto FFMpeg Installer for cPanel

2014-09-23T22:21:00.003+05:30

Auto FFMpeg Installer for cPanel

Auto FFMpeg Installer for cPanel w/CentOS 6+

Requirements:

CentOS 6+
PuTTY
cPanel

That's all! Did you expected more?

Why use this ?

Installation of FFMPEG is treated as the toughest installations as it has many dependencies. So I made this script, to simply the issues. Check with the below steps for easy installation.

Installation:

$> yum update -y
$> yum install wget -y
$> wget --no-check-certificate "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/itseasy21/auto-ffmpeg-cpanel/master/install-ffmpeg.sh" -O /root/install-ffmpeg.sh
$> cd /root
$> chmod +x install-ffmpeg.sh
$> ./install-ffmpeg.sh

Auto-FFmpeg :: Auto FFMpeg Installer for CentOS 6+

2014-09-23T22:19:00.004+05:30

auto-ffmpeg

Auto FFMpeg Installer for CentOS 6+ and other Control Panel that support CentOS 6+ (eg Kloxo, ZPanel etc)

Requirements:

CentOS 6+
PuTTY

That's all! Did you expected more?

Why use this ?

Installation of FFMPEG is treated as the toughest installations as it has many dependencies. So I made this script, to simply the issues. Check with the below steps for easy installation.

Installation:

$> yum update -y
$> yum install wget -y
$> wget --no-check-certificate "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/itseasy21/auto-ffmpeg/master/install-ffmpeg.sh" -O /root/install-ffmpeg.sh
$> cd /root
$> chmod +x install-ffmpeg.sh
$> ./install-ffmpeg.sh

W3tools-Varnish : Varnish Cache Inegration in cPanel

2014-09-23T22:17:00.001+05:30

w3tools-varnish

Varnish Cache Integration in cPanel

Varnish Cache is a web application accelerator also known as a caching HTTP reverse proxy. You install it in front of any server that speaks HTTP and configure it to cache the contents.

Installation:

$> yum update -y
$> yum install wget -y
$> wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/itseasy21/w3tools-varnish/master/install.sh" -O /root/varnish-install.sh
$> cd /root
$> chmod +x varnish-install.sh
$> ./varnish-install.sh

ApacheBooster v2.3

2014-09-22T18:55:00.000+05:30

ApacheBooster

NOTE: This is the only working version of ApacheBooster found on GitHub :D
Current Release: V2.3

Nginx Version : 1.6.2
Varnish Version : 3.0.5

ApacheBooster is a integration of nginx and varnish, this Plugin will reduce the server load spike and memory usage. Also the plugin will provide the maximum performance of your websites.

Varnish

Varnish Cache is a web application accelerator also known as a caching HTTP reverse proxy. You install it in front of any server that speaks HTTP and configure it to cache the contents. Varnish Cache is really, really fast. It typically speeds up delivery with a factor of 300 – 1000x, depending on your architecture. A high level overview of what Varnish does can be seen in the video attached to this web. Varnish performs really, really well. It is usually bound by the speed of the network, effectivly turning performance into a non-issue. We’ve seen Varnish delivering 20 Gbps on regular off-the-shelf hardware.

Nginx

Nginx is known for its high performance, stability, rich feature set, simple configuration, and low resource consumption.
Unlike traditional servers, Nginx doesn’t rely on threads to handle requests. Instead it uses a much more scalable event-driven (asynchronous) architecture. This architecture uses small, but more importantly, predictable amounts of memory under load.

Installation/Upgrade instructions

Clone the installation folder onto your CPanel server:

$> git clone https://github.com/itseasy21/ApacheBooster.git
              OR
$> wget https://github.com/itseasy21/ApacheBooster/archive/master.zip -O ApacheBooster.zip
$> unzip ApacheBooster.zip

Change the working directory to cloned or extracted folder:

$> cd ApacheBooster/apachebooster
              OR
$> cd ApacheBooster-master/apachebooster

Execute installation script and wait for it to finish:

$> sh install.sh

Uninstallation instructions:

1. Clone the ApacheBooster files onto your server.
2. Change the working directory to cloned folder.
3  execute uninstall script.

 $> sh uninstall

Enable ffmpeg-php in linux

2014-09-10T21:25:00.002+05:30

The ffmpeg-php is a php extension used for accessing and retrieving information from media files both audio and vedio. Now ffmpeg-php which is Rarely used in web applications. This php extension is used for creating thumbnail images from movie files. If you want to enable “ffmpeg-php” in the server, you have to manually download “ffmpeg-php” source files and compile it. For enabling “ffmpeg-php” the server needs to have “ffmpeg“, “GD” enabled and php version needs to be grater than 4.3.
The “ffmpeg-php” source files can be downloaded from the link http://sourceforge.net/projects/ffmpeg-php/files/ffmpeg-php/
You have to make sure your server is enabled with “ffmpeg” and “gd” before proceeding with below steps.

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php/0.6.0/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2?use_mirror=biznetnetworks
tar -jxvf ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2
cd ffmpeg-php-0.6.0
yum install php-devel gcc gcc-c++
/usr/bin/phpize

Replace every instance of PIX_FMT_RGBA32 with PIX_FMT_RGB32 in ffmpeg_frame.c file in order to prevent compilation error like “ffmpeg_frame.c:421: error”. Follow the below steps.

perl -pi -e “s/PIX_FMT_RGBA32/PIX_FMT_RGB32/” ffmpeg_frame.c
./configure
make
make install
echo “extension=ffmpeg.so” >> /etc/php.ini
service httpd restart
php -i | grep -i ffmpeg

Sometimes you can also met with the error “make: *** [ffmpeg_movie.lo] Error 1″ while proceeding with compilation as below, you have to make changes accordingly in “ffmpeg_movie.c” file as described below.
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘_php_open_movie_file’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:258: warning: ‘av_open_input_file’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:1170)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie___construct’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:311: error: ‘list_entry’ undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:311: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:311: error: for each function it appears in.)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:311: error: ‘le’ undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:346: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘new_le’
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:356: error: ‘new_le’ undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getComment’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:531: warning: ‘comment’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:745)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:531: warning: ‘comment’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:745)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getTitle’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:546: warning: ‘title’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:742)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:546: warning: ‘title’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:742)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getAuthor’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:561: warning: ‘author’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:743)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:561: warning: ‘author’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:743)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getCopyright’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:575: warning: ‘copyright’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:744)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:575: warning: ‘copyright’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:744)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getAlbum’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:590: warning: ‘album’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:746)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:590: warning: ‘album’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:746)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getGenre’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:604: warning: ‘genre’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:749)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:604: warning: ‘genre’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:749)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getTrackNumber’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:619: warning: ‘track’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:748)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getYear’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:632: warning: ‘year’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavformat/avformat.h:747)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘zim_ffmpeg_movie_getPixelFormat’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:868: warning: ‘avcodec_get_pix_fmt_name’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:3467)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘_php_read_av_frame’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1215: warning: ‘avcodec_decode_video’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:3930)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function ‘_php_get_av_frame’:
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1282: warning: ‘hurry_up’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:1389)
/usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1284: warning: ‘hurry_up’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:1389)
make: *** [ffmpeg_movie.lo] Error 1
Make changes in ffmpeg_movie.c file as below and try again:

row 311: list_entry *le;    TO    zend_rsrc_list_entry *le;
row 346: list_entry new_le; TO    zend_rsrc_list_entry new_le;
row 360: hashkey_length+1, (void *)&new_le, sizeof(list_entry),   TO    hashkey_length+1, (void *)&new_le,sizeof(zend_rsrc_list_entry),

Verify if “ffmpeg” extension for php is enabled in the server.

$ php -i | grep -i ffmpeg
You will get the below result if everything is fine.
ffmpeg
ffmpeg-php version => 0.6.0-svn
ffmpeg-php built on => Mar 24 2014 19:02:49
ffmpeg-php gd support => enabled
ffmpeg libavcodec version => Lavc52.123.0
ffmpeg libavformat version => Lavf52.111.0
ffmpeg swscaler version => SwS0.14.1
ffmpeg.allow_persistent => 0 => 0
ffmpeg.show_warnings => 0 => 0
PWD => /usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0
_SERVER["PWD"] => /usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0
_ENV["PWD"] => /usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0

How to install Varnish Cache [CPANEL]

2014-08-24T14:18:00.003+05:30

Varnish Cache is a web accelerator, sometimes referred to as a HTTP accelerator or a reverse HTTP proxy, that will significantly enhance your web performance.

Varnish speeds up a website by storing a copy of the page served by the web server the first time a user visits that page. The next time a user requests the same page, Varnish will serve the copy instead of requesting the page from the web server.

This means that your web server needs to handle less traffic and your website’s performance and scalability go through the roof. In fact Varnish Cache is often the single most critical piece of software in a web based business.

How to install varnish cache on cpanel

First, you need to change Apache listening port to another port 82 or anything else.

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

or you can change via WHM -> Tweak Settings -> set value of field Apache non-SSL IP/port to 82.

You can install varnish through YUM or manually download varnish RPM.

yum install varnish

for EL6

wget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-3.0/el6/noarch/varnish-release-3.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm

rpm ivh varnish-release-3.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm

Once installation completed, Edit configuration file and change listening port to 80

vi /etc/sysconfig/varnish

VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=80

Edit proxy settings in varnish

vi /etc/varnish/default.vcl or check with /usr/local/varnish/etc/varnish/vhost.vcl

backend default {
.host = "184.82.165.4";
.port = "82";
}

sub vcl_recv {
if (req.url ~ "\.(png|gif|jpg|swf|css|js)$") {
return(lookup);
}
}

# strip the cookie before the image is inserted into cache.

sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.url ~ "\.(png|gif|jpg|swf|css|js)$") {
unset beresp.http.set-cookie;
}
}

Enable chkconfig and restart varnish service

chkconfig varnish on
service varnish start

Thats all… You can monitor varnish cache through this monitoring tool.

varnishstat

Auto fix for file permissions and ownership [CPANEL]

2014-08-24T11:41:00.000+05:30

suPHP and FastCGI require files and folders to have a specific set of permissions/ownership from other handlers. Without these permissions set you will see a lot of errors such as: “403 Forbidden”, “500 Internal Server Error”, or simply generic errors that commonly have the word ‘permission’ in them.

It can be very time consuming to track down and check file permissions across a whole server. Luckily, fixing this on a cPanel box can be scripted. This gives us a quick and very easy script you can wget to any cPanel server. Simply run the ‘fixperms’ script, specifying the user (or all users), sit back and watch the errors just disappear. I use this script daily in my administrative work and it never fails! It is simply a good generic fix if you cannot find your permission problem, or if you have just switched your handler and need a quick way to change every user account on the server.

Credit does not go to me though. A good buddy of mine, Colin R., wrote this for ServInt. Thanks Colin for making lives easier!

***WARNING!!! The following scripts are intended for suPHP or FastCGI. If you are not running either of these two handlers, be aware of how the script works and the changes it makes. The code is posted at the end of this article; please take a moment to review it. For example, when running DSO, some files/folders may need to be owned by ‘nobody’ in order to function properly (such as in certain WordPress functions or PHP based file uploads). Running this fixperms will set everything to USER:USER. Under DSO, this is potentially not a problem for most sites, except a few core functions may not work. You can always change specific files later if any errors pop up.

Furthermore, it is highly recommended that you run a full backup of your server before running fixperms or any other script that makes changes to multiple files.

This ‘fixperms’ script is intended for cPanel servers only. It is dependent on cPanel’s internal scripts and file structure. If you’re on anything else (such as Plesk), it will simply fail to run. It won’t be able to do anything.

I know that criteria sounds very specific, but those two conditions cover a large number of the reseller/multi-user hosting servers out there. And that’s really the crowd that would benefit most from an automated script such as this.

That all being said, if you are running suPHP or FastCGI, press on; for this script will work flawlessly for you and potentially save you a TON of time & hassle.

Fixperms – for one single user

To use the fixperms script, simply log into your server as root, wget the file from our server, then run it. Type in the cPanel username and it will run only for that particular account.

It does not matter which directory you are in when you run fixperms. You can be in the user’s home directory, the server root, etc. The script will not affect anything outside of the particular user’s folder.

Shell

1

2

wget boomshadow.net/tools-utils/fixperms.sh

sh ./fixperms.sh -a USER-NAME

Fixperms – for all of the users

If you would like fix the permissions for every user on your cPanel server, simply use the ‘-all’ option:

Shell

1

2

wget boomshadow.net/tools-utils/fixperms.sh

sh ./fixperms.sh -all

Verbosity of Fixperms

By default, the script runs in a ‘quiet’ mode with minimal display. However, if you’re like me, you may want to see everything that is happening. You can turn on verbosity and have the script print to the screen everything that is being changed. I find this extremely useful when fixing large accounts that have many files. You can watch the changes as a sort of ‘progress bar’ of completion. The ‘-v’ option can be used per account or with all accounts.

For one single account:

Shell

1

sh ./fixperms.sh -v -a USER-NAME

For all accounts:

Shell

1

sh ./fixperms.sh -v -all

The code itself, what’s in it?

I understand that it can be a big security concern to simply ‘wget’ a file from a website you found, and then blindly run it on a production server. I understand your fear; I’m right there with you and would likewise be leery and very hesitant. However, I promise you that there is no malicious intent in this or anything you will ever get from my site. I have pasted the content of the file below for your examination.

So there you have it. An effective permissions fix for your cPanel account. When you run this, people will think you’re a hero! So, go forth and save your users from the evils of site errors!

How to install mod pagespeed on cpanel server

2014-01-31T16:54:00.001+05:30

mod_pagespeed speeds up your site and reduces page load time. This open-source Apache HTTP server module automatically applies web performance best practices to pages, and associated assets (CSS, JavaScript, images) without requiring that you modify your existing content or workflow.

Features

Automatic website and asset optimization
Latest web optimization techniques
40+ configurable optimization filters
Free, open-source, and frequently updated
Deployed by individual sites, hosting providers, CDNs

Pagespeed requires mod deflate module. You can verify this module whether installed on your server.

httpd -l | grep mod_deflate

or try to install mod deflate http://www.gnutoolbox.com/moddeflate-cpanel/

How to install mod pagespeed on cpanel server?

Solution : 1

Installing mod_pagespeed for cPanel Apache installation on CentOS is really quite easy. Connect your server SSH via root user.

cd /usr/local/src

mkdir mod_pagespeed

cd mod_pagespeed

Download the mod_pagespeed RPM to build. Please make sure which arch is your server. If you have a 32-bit install of CentOS you can find your appropriate package on Google’s Installing mod_pagespeed From Packages page.

yum install at # if you do not already have ‘at’ installed

Mostly apache version 2.2 support for this mod pagespeed version (httpd >= 2.2 is needed by mod-pagespeed-stable-1.4.26.4-3396.x86_64)

wget https://dl-ssl.google.com/dl/linux/direct/mod-pagespeed-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

rpm2cpio mod-pagespeed-stable_current_x86_64.rpm | cpio -idmv

Copy mod pagespeed.so file to apache module directory

cp usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_pagespeed.so /usr/local/apache/modules/

chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_pagespeed.so

mkdir -p /var/mod_pagespeed/{cache,files}

chown nobody.nobody /var/mod_pagespeed/*

Open pagespeed configuration file.

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/pagespeed.conf

LoadModule pagespeed_module /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_pagespeed.so


    ModPagespeed on
ModPagespeedFetchWithGzip on
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE

    AddOutputFilterByType MOD_PAGESPEED_OUTPUT_FILTER text/html

ModPagespeedFileCachePath            "/var/mod_pagespeed/cache/"
ModPagespeedGeneratedFilePrefix      "/var/mod_pagespeed/files/"

ModPagespeedRewriteLevel PassThrough

ModPagespeedFileCacheSizeKb          102400
ModPagespeedFileCacheCleanIntervalMs 3600000
ModPagespeedLRUCacheKbPerProcess     1024
ModPagespeedLRUCacheByteLimit        16384
ModPagespeedCssInlineMaxBytes        2048
ModPagespeedImageInlineMaxBytes      2048
ModPagespeedCssImageInlineMaxBytes   2048
ModPagespeedJsInlineMaxBytes         2048
ModPagespeedCssOutlineMinBytes       3000
ModPagespeedJsOutlineMinBytes        3000

ModPagespeedEnableFilters extend_cache,combine_css,move_css_to_head,rewrite_javascript,rewrite_images,add_head,rewrite_css,collapse_whitespace,remove_comments,remove_quotes,sprite_images,convert_meta_tags
ModPagespeedRespectVary on

    
          SetHandler mod_pagespeed_beacon
    

    
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from localhost
        Allow from 127.0.0.1
        SetHandler mod_pagespeed_statistics

Make a copy of your apache configuration httpd.conf file.

cp /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf_back

Edit and include the pagespeed configuration.

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

Include “/usr/local/apache/conf/pagespeed.conf”

Save and restart apache service.

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

Thats finished… Test your page speed modules on website headers.

curl -I http://yourwebsite.com

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 17 Oct 2012 06:58:03 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Mod-Pagespeed: 1.0.22.7-2005
Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html

You have successfully installed mod_pagespeed module on your cPanel server.

Solution : 2

Mod_Pagespeed install using easyapache

You can install it by using following steps

wget http://prajith.in/scripts/mod_pagespeed-cust-opts.tar.gz

tar -C /var/cpanel/easy/apache/custom_opt_mods -xzf mod_pagespeed-cust-opts.tar.gz

Thats it, now you can run and enable mod pagespeed

/scripts/easyapache

Solution : 3

Install Google’s mod_pagespeed.

Create a file called /etc/yum.repos.d/mod-pagespeed.repo

For 32-Bit

[mod-pagespeed]
name=mod-pagespeed
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/mod-pagespeed/rpm/stable/i386
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

For 64-Bit

[mod-pagespeed]
name=mod-pagespeed
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/mod-pagespeed/rpm/stable/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Install mod_pagespeed module through Yum

yum install at # if you do not already have ‘at’ installed

yum --enablerepo=mod-pagespeed install mod-pagespeed

Above command creates following directories and files.

/etc/cron.daily/mod-pagespeed : mod_pagespeed cron script for checking and installing latest updates.
/etc/httpd/conf.d/pagespeed.conf : The main configuration file for Apache.
/usr/lib/httpd/modules/mod_pagespeed.so : mod_pagespeed module for Apache.
/var/www/mod_pagespeed/cache : File caching direcotry for web sites.
/var/www/mod_pagespeed/files : File generate prefix for web sites.

Please make sure mod_pagespeed.so file included in your httpd.conf.
To verify mod_pagespeed module, create php info page anywhere in your domain or localhost and check it.

You will see “X-Mod-Pagespeed” section in the HTTP header, like

X-Mod-Pagespeed

Turning the Module On and Off

If you don’t want to use mod_pagespeed completely, you can Turn Off by inserting the following line to pagespeed.conf file at the top.

ModPagespeed off

Turn On module

ModPagespeed on

Thats all..

Social CSS Snippets and Ideas – Live Editable Examples

2014-01-19T12:07:00.000+05:30

We all know the importance of Social networks, almost every website today has some sort of social media share or like button.

In this post, i will share some interesting social CSS code snippets that i have gathered or made myself. You can use them as a starting point to make your own. Some of them are animated using CSS3, others are just buttons or icons. They are easy to customize and you can play with them directly. I hope you will find them useful and enjoy them as much as i did. let the ideas flow !

CSS Live Editable Examples

All of the examples below are hosted on codepen, feel free to customize them to suit your needs.

Social CSS Snippet – example 1

Social CSS Snippet – example 2

Social CSS Snippet – example 3

Social CSS Snippet – example 4

Social CSS Snippet – example 5

Social CSS Snippet – example 6

Social CSS Snippets and Ideas – Live Editable Examples

If you like those examples -share them !

Simple & Cool Live Examples of Image on hover Css effect

2014-01-19T11:17:00.003+05:30

We will be playing with Image on hover effects using CSS and One image only. I’ve created four simple examples that will work in all browsers and another six cooler ones that will work only on webkit browsers.

They are all hosted on Codepen so you can directly play with the code and learn in the process. I didn’t even make any extra div to confuse you – all the images are in their main IMG tag. I’ll try to keep it short and sweet so you can absorb it even if you never touched CSS before.

In all the examples below we use this two simple things :

For CSS

img {here is the code of the initial state of the image}

and

img:hover { here is the code of the hover state of the image}

For HTML

 src="http://link to the image">

This extra div below ↓ is used to center things on the Screen JUST IGNORE IT


 style="text-align:center">

The first four live examples will work in all the modern browsers

Lets get this party started…

Simple & Cool Live Examples of Image on hover Css effect

Shrink Image on hover

In this example we have :hover using height and width to change the size of the image, by adding transition: all 1s ease; to img we make that change from bigger- to smaller look smooth, changing the 1s to 1,1s will make the transition last longer and setting it to 0,9s will make it last shorter.

Enlarge Image on hover

In this example we just change the height and width to be bigger rather than smaller. Compare the css with the first example above and you will understand what i mean.

Rotate Image on hover

In this example we have transition again but this time in :hover instead of the image size we have transform: rotate(360deg); which does exactly what it says – it rotates the image 360 degrees.

Tilt Image on hover

In this example the 360 is changed to 15 degrees so it just tilts a little bit.

Simple & Cool Live Examples of Image on hover Css effect

Now for the webkit browsers the effects are much more interesting, yet also very simple to create

Blur Image on hover

Again in the img we use the transition but this time in the :hover we have added a filter -webkit-filter: blur(5px); changing the 5px to more or less will change the blur strength.

Decolorize Image on hover

This time the filter is -webkit-filter: grayscale(100%); again setting the100% to less will change the effect

Darken Image on hover

Here we have -webkit-filter: brightness(100%); in img again as initial state and than by adding -webkit-filter: brightness(0%); to :hover we trigger the change. and of course again you can set up the filters % to your needs.

Hue-rotate Image on hover

In this cool example we have added the filter -webkit-filter: hue-rotate(333deg);

Drop shadow Image on hover

For drop shadow we use -webkit-filter: drop-shadow(10px 7px 1px grey)

Opacity Image on hover

In this last example we have -webkit-filter: opacity(0.3); as a filter.

And that concludes my Image on hover Css effect article.

I suggest that you bookmark this page and use it as a starting point anytime you wish to practice and experiment.

You can also check some other cool stuff that i have about CSS.

If you like this article please be kind to share it on your favorite social networks below.

How To (Automatically) Backup Your Website Into Dropbox or Copy.com

2013-10-22T20:43:00.000+05:30

As owners of websites, one of the more important things you should do is to regularly backup the website. Most web hosting providers will enable daily or weekly backups, mainly for their disaster recovery purpose only. If you want to personally oversee a backup of your website, you can do it by yourself using the Backup function in hosting control panels like cPanel, Plesk and DirectAdmin. As a webmaster or domain owner, you are responsible for this task.

A good backup should have following criteria:

Backup your data as frequently as possible.
Give higher priority to critical data like database and web contents. Try to exclude temporary files.
Your backup should NOT be saved inside the same server.
Your backup should be retrievable and accessible anytime, anywhere.
You should get notified for every backup status which has been scheduled.
Your backup should be compressed, if disk space or bandwidth is your concern.

It is good if you can have your one FTP server to store backup remotely. But, what if the FTP server is down? How can we automate the backup task with limited access to the server? How can you be sure that the availability is always there? Cloud storage is your answer.

Cloud storage is becoming the best way to store files. Popular providers like Amazon S3, Dropbox, iCloud and Box.net are offering these facilities for free with some limitations. But, none of them are supporting FTP as the medium to transfer while almost all of webhosting providers only allow this transfer method.

Backup Box / Movers.io

Here’s where Backup Box/Movers.io comes in. Backup Box helps you securely transfer anything on an FTP server to your Dropbox account. Actually, Backup Box can integrate your FTP account with cloud storage providers like Amazon, GitHub, Box.net and Flickr as well. At this very moment, only Dropbox integration is supported while the others are still under development. It is free to use, with limited features like monthly backup schedule and immediate transfer schedule. In this post, I am focusing on preparing the backup data for weekly backup while running on cPanel server.

We can use this tool with various ways of implementation such as 1, directly copying the web directory using FTP and transferring to Dropbox (compressed or uncompressed) or 2, creating a compressed backup (cPanel backup) and using FTP to fetch the backup to Dropbox.

Before we proceed with the tutorial, ensure that you have following required information:

An FTP account which is mapped to your web directory. Get it from your hosting control panel.
A Dropbox account. You can register here for free.
Or A Copy account. You can register here for free. (Recommended)
A Backup Box account. You can register here for free or movers account at http://movers.io/.

Web Directory > FTP > Dropbox

Since the database is also important, we need to prepare the database backup and put it into our web directory. If you are running on Linux hosting, you can use a task scheduler called a cron job with some help from mysqldump. In cPanel, it is located under cPanel > Advanced > Cron jobs.

Let’s use the following data as an example:

Web directory path: /home/username/public_html  
cPanel username: mycpanel  
cPanel password: mypass123$  

Create a new weekly cron job and use the following command:

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
mysqldump --opt -Q -u mycpanel -p'mypass123$' --all-databases > /home/username/public_html/databases.sql  

Here’s An Example:

This will create an SQL backup file which includes all the databases under your cPanel account. Login into Backup Box. On the left panel, login into the FTP account by clicking the ‘gear’ icon. On the right panel, login into your Dropbox account.

You can choose Transfer public_html as a folder in the Transfer Options. This will transfer the whole public_html folder including all files into your Dropbox account. You can now start the immediate transfer by clicking Review. This will transfer the public_html folder to Dropbox. Once done, you can create Monthly schedule to automate this backup task monthly. Just click Monthly > select Date and Time > Finalize and Run. Note: If you want to use weekly or daily backup, you need to upgrade your subscription as stated in the website. Do not forget to change the cron job setting based on when you want the backup schedule to happen

CPanel Backup > FTP > Dropbox

The good thing about cPanel is you can generate your own backup automatically using cPanel API. In this case, we will use PHP script to run on schedule to generate backup. Since the backup location needs to be exclusively for Backup Box, we will need to create an FTP account which is mapped to a new backup folder.

Go to cPanel > FTP and create an FTP account as the screenshot below. Do not create the FTP directory under public_html because it is accessible publicly via web browser (unless you protect the directory with a password):

We need to use PHP with cPanel API to trigger the backup process. Download this file (cpanel-php-backup.zip) and unzip it. You should see 2 files, cpanel-backup.php and xmlapi.php.inc. Change all required information inside cpanel-backup.php as below:

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
// Credentials for cPanel account  
$source_server_ip = ""; // Server IP or domain name eg: 212.122.3.77 or cpanel.domain.tld  
$cpanel_account = ""; // cPanel username  
$cpanel_password = ""; // cPanel password  
  
// Credentials for FTP to Backup Box  
$ftpacct = ""; // FTP account  
$ftppass = ""; // FTP password  
$email_notify = ''; // Email address for backup notification  

Save the file and upload both files into your public_html directory using FTP. You can start to generate a backup by accessing the PHP file directly via browser, which is usuallyhttp://www.yourwebsite.com/cpanel-backup.php .

In order to automate cPanel backup creation, we need to setup a weekly cron job into cPanel and use following command:

php -q /home/username/public_html/cpanel-backup.php  

Here is a sample:

Login into Backup Box. On the left panel, login into the FTP account (use the backup box FTP account) and in the right panel, login into your Dropbox account:

Since we store backup files into a dedicated folder, we can only transfer the contents of it. Select Transfer only the contents of / in the Transfer Options as the transfer method.

You can now start the immediate transfer by clicking Review. This will transfer the public_html folder to Dropbox. Once done, you can create Monthly schedule to automate this backup task monthly. Just click Monthly > select Date and Time > Finalize and Run.

Note: If you want to use weekly or daily backup, you need to upgrade your subscription as stated in the website. If you do, do not forget to change the cron job setting according to your backup schedule. Another thing, the PHP script will delete all previous cPanel backup before it generate new backups. This to make sure your backup will not eat up much disk space.

Convert root filesystem to LVM

2013-09-19T17:53:00.001+05:30

I converted root filesystem to lvm since the root partition was huge and I needed more flexibility in managing the partitions. Besides, lvm would also enable for easy backups with lvm snapshots.

I had a sizable swap partition of 2GB which I used to transfer my root files to and rebooted to it, prior to the conversion.

Please know what you are doing prior and make sure to create backups.

This is what the partitions looked like prior to the change:

# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             228G  1.4G  215G   1% /
/dev/sda1              99M   17M   77M  19% /boot
none                 1014M     0 1014M   0% /dev/shm

# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250000000000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14         267     2040255   82  Linux swap
/dev/sda3             268       30394   241995127+  83  Linux

With the current setup, I have a better sized partition, and can further create/resize partitions to add or remove at will:

# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-lvroot0
                       24G  1.3G   22G   6% /
/dev/sda1              99M   19M   75M  21% /boot
none                 1014M     0 1014M   0% /dev/shm

# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250000000000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14         267     2040255   83  Linux swap
/dev/sda3             268       30394   241995127+  8e  Linux LVM

I had a sizable swap partition of 2GB, so I turned it off.
# swapoff -a
Formated the swap partition as ext3 and copied over the root files:
# mke2fs -j /dev/sda2 # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/ # find / -xdev | cpio -pvmd /mnt
Once the files were transfered. I then edited the "/mnt/etc/fstab" file to reflect the new root.
```
/dev/sda2      /    ext3       defaults 1 1
```

Add a grub section to use "/dev/sda2" as the new root.

title CentOS (2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp.sda2)
        root (hd0,0)
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp ro root=/dev/sda2
        initrd /initrd-2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp.img

After reboot the original root (/dev/sda3) is no longer mounted and is free to work with.
Change the partition type from Linux to LVM (8e).

# fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 3 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Unknown) Command (m for help): w
Inform the Operating System for the partition table changes.
#partprobe
Initialize LVM
# vgscan
Make the new partition into a Physical Volume.
# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Create a new volume group.
# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sda3
Create a logical volume to hold the new root (/).
# lvcreate -L 24G -n lvroot0 vg0
Make a filesystem in the logical volume and copy the root files onto it.
# mke2fs -j /dev/vg0/lvroot0 # mount /dev/vg0/lvroot0 /mnt # yum update kernel # find / -xdev | cpio -pvmd /mnt
Additionally, since the new root is now lvm, the initrd image file should have support for it else kernel will not be able to find root on reboot and end up with a kernel panic.
Note: At this stage, instead of creating a new image, I update the kernel so that the new image supports lvm. LVM support can also be checked via extracting the initrd image file and checking for lvm binary in the bin folder.

# mkdir -p /tmp/kill/00 # cd /tmp/kill/00 # gunzip < /boot/initrd-2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp.img | cpio -id # ls -al bin/lvm -r-x------ 1 root root 1417512 May 24 14:38 bin/lvm

If image does not have the lvm binary, create and move it to the /boot folder.

# chroot /mnt # mount -t proc /proc /proc # mount -t sysfs /sys /sys # vgmknodes -v # mkinitrd -v initrd-2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp.lv.img 2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp
Edit "/mnt/etc/fstab" on the new root so that / is mounted on /dev/vg0/lvroot0.
```
/dev/vg0/lvroot0       /    ext3       defaults 1 1
```

Add grub section to use "/dev/vg0/lvroot0" to boot to.

title CentOS (2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp.lvroot0)
        root (hd0,0)
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp ro root=/dev/vg0/lvroot0
        initrd /initrd-2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp.lv.img

Reboot, and enjoy the flexibility of lvm!!

The Ultimate Wget Download Guide With 15 Awesome Examples

2013-09-11T11:37:00.000+05:30

wget utility is the best option to download files from internet. wget can pretty much handle all complex download situations including large file downloads, recursive downloads, non-interactive downloads, multiple file downloads etc.,

In this article let us review how to use wgetfor various download scenarios using 15 awesome wget examples.

1. Download Single File with wget

The following example downloads a single file from internet and stores in the current directory.

$ wget http://www.openss7.org/repos/tarballs/strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2

While downloading it will show a progress bar with the following information:

%age of download completion (for e.g. 31% as shown below)
Total amount of bytes downloaded so far (for e.g. 1,213,592 bytes as shown below)
Current download speed (for e.g. 68.2K/s as shown below)
Remaining time to download (for e.g. eta 34 seconds as shown below)

Download in progress:

$ wget http://www.openss7.org/repos/tarballs/strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2
Saving to: `strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2.1'

31% [=================> 1,213,592   68.2K/s  eta 34s

Download complete

$ wget http://www.openss7.org/repos/tarballs/strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2
Saving to: `strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2'

100%[======================>] 3,852,374   76.8K/s   in 55s    

2009-09-25 11:15:30 (68.7 KB/s) - `strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2' saved [3852374/3852374]

2. Download and Store With a Different File name Using wget -O

By default wget will pick the filename from the last word after last forward slash, which may not be appropriate always.

Wrong: Following example will download and store the file with name: download_script.php?src_id=7701

$ wget http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=7701

Even though the downloaded file is in zip format, it will get stored in the file as shown below.

$ ls
download_script.php?src_id=7701

Correct: To correct this issue, we can specify the output file name using the -O option as:

$ wget -O taglist.zip http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=7701

3. Specify Download Speed / Download Rate Using wget –limit-rate

While executing the wget, by default it will try to occupy full possible bandwidth. This might not be acceptable when you are downloading huge files on production servers. So, to avoid that we can limit the download speed using the –limit-rate as shown below.

In the following example, the download speed is limited to 200k

$ wget --limit-rate=200k http://www.openss7.org/repos/tarballs/strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2

4. Continue the Incomplete Download Using wget -c

Restart a download which got stopped in the middle using wget -c option as shown below.

$ wget -c http://www.openss7.org/repos/tarballs/strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2

This is very helpful when you have initiated a very big file download which got interrupted in the middle. Instead of starting the whole download again, you can start the download from where it got interrupted using option -c

Note: If a download is stopped in middle, when you restart the download again without the option -c, wget will append .1 to the filename automatically as a file with the previous name already exist. If a file with .1 already exist, it will download the file with .2 at the end.

5. Download in the Background Using wget -b

For a huge download, put the download in background using wget option -b as shown below.

$ wget -b http://www.openss7.org/repos/tarballs/strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2
Continuing in background, pid 1984.
Output will be written to `wget-log'.

It will initiate the download and gives back the shell prompt to you. You can always check the status of the download using tail -f as shown below.

$ tail -f wget-log
Saving to: `strx25-0.9.2.1.tar.bz2.4'

     0K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  1% 65.5K 57s
    50K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  2% 85.9K 49s
   100K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  3% 83.3K 47s
   150K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  5% 86.6K 45s
   200K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  6% 33.9K 56s
   250K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  7%  182M 46s
   300K .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........  9% 57.9K 47s

Also, make sure to review our previous multitail article on how to use tail command effectively to view multiple files.

6. Mask User Agent and Display wget like Browser Using wget –user-agent

Some websites can disallow you to download its page by identifying that the user agent is not a browser. So you can mask the user agent by using –user-agent options and show wget like a browser as shown below.

$ wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008092416 Firefox/3.0.3" URL-TO-DOWNLOAD

7. Test Download URL Using wget –spider

When you are going to do scheduled download, you should check whether download will happen fine or not at scheduled time. To do so, copy the line exactly from the schedule, and then add –spider option to check.

$ wget --spider DOWNLOAD-URL

If the URL given is correct, it will say

$ wget --spider download-url
Spider mode enabled. Check if remote file exists.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: unspecified [text/html]
Remote file exists and could contain further links,
but recursion is disabled -- not retrieving.

This ensures that the downloading will get success at the scheduled time. But when you had give a wrong URL, you will get the following error.

$ wget --spider download-url
Spider mode enabled. Check if remote file exists.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found
Remote file does not exist -- broken link!!!

You can use the spider option under following scenarios:

Check before scheduling a download.
Monitoring whether a website is available or not at certain intervals.
Check a list of pages from your bookmark, and find out which pages are still exists.

8. Increase Total Number of Retry Attempts Using wget –tries

If the internet connection has problem, and if the download file is large there is a chance of failures in the download. By default wget retries 20 times to make the download successful.

If needed, you can increase retry attempts using –tries option as shown below.

$ wget --tries=75 DOWNLOAD-URL

9. Download Multiple Files / URLs Using Wget -i

First, store all the download files or URLs in a text file as:

$ cat > download-file-list.txt
URL1
URL2
URL3
URL4

Next, give the download-file-list.txt as argument to wget using -i option as shown below.

$ wget -i download-file-list.txt

10. Download a Full Website Using wget –mirror

Following is the command line which you want to execute when you want to download a full website and made available for local viewing.

$ wget --mirror -p --convert-links -P ./LOCAL-DIR WEBSITE-URL

–mirror : turn on options suitable for mirroring.
-p : download all files that are necessary to properly display a given HTML page.
–convert-links : after the download, convert the links in document for local viewing.
-P ./LOCAL-DIR : save all the files and directories to the specified directory.

11. Reject Certain File Types while Downloading Using wget –reject

You have found a website which is useful, but don’t want to download the images you can specify the following.

$ wget --reject=gif WEBSITE-TO-BE-DOWNLOADED

12. Log messages to a log file instead of stderr Using wget -o

When you wanted the log to be redirected to a log file instead of the terminal.

$ wget -o download.log DOWNLOAD-URL

13. Quit Downloading When it Exceeds Certain Size Using wget -Q

When you want to stop download when it crosses 5 MB you can use the following wget command line.

$ wget -Q5m -i FILE-WHICH-HAS-URLS

Note: This quota will not get effect when you do a download a single URL. That is irrespective of the quota size everything will get downloaded when you specify a single file. This quota is applicable only for recursive downloads.

14. Download Only Certain File Types Using wget -r -A

You can use this under following situations:

Download all images from a website
Download all videos from a website
Download all PDF files from a website

$ wget -r -A.pdf http://url-to-webpage-with-pdfs/

15. FTP Download With wget

You can use wget to perform FTP download as shown below.

Anonymous FTP download using Wget

$ wget ftp-url

FTP download using wget with username and password authentication.

$ wget --ftp-user=USERNAME --ftp-password=PASSWORD DOWNLOAD-URL

If you liked this article, please bookmark it with delicious or Stumble.

Certificate Installation: WHM/cPanel 11

2013-09-05T16:28:00.002+05:30

1. Login to the cPanel 'Control Panel'

2. Click SSL/TLS Manager under the Security section.

3. Click on Generate, view, upload or delete SSL Certificates in the 'Certificates' section.

4. Import Domain/End Entity Certificate.

a. Copy and Paste the contents of 'yourDomainName.crt' into the text box labeled 'Paste the crt below' in the 'Upload a New Certificate' section.
- or -
b. Click 'Browse' and navigate to 'yourDomainName.crt' and then click 'Upload'.

5. Click Go Back.

6. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on Return to SSL Manager.

7. Click on Setup a SSL Certificate to work with your site.

8. Select the domain you are using from the Domain drop-down menu. The system will attempt to fetch the SSL Certificate andPrivate Key for you.
Note: You do have the option to copy and paste these files into their appropriate boxes at this time.

9. In the box labled CA Bundle, paste the contents of the CA Bundle file that was provided.

Note: If you did not receive a ca-bundle file, you may download one from our Root & Intermediate Certificates section of our Downloads area. Please download the one that corresponds to the certificate that you have. If you are unsure, please contact support.

10. Click on Install Certificate.

The certificate is now added to your server and assigned to the domain.

Article Details

Article ID:

1208

Created On:

28 Oct 2008 12:56 AM

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FTP Filezilla - 421 Sorry, cleartext sessions are not accepted on this server.

2013-09-03T22:39:00.002+05:30

Some times when you connect to the webhost via FileZilla you may encounter this error message.

"421 Sorry, cleartext sessions are not accepted on this server."

Solution:

Just add a ftpes:// before the domain name

Old One,

host : domain.com

username : xxx

pass : yyy

port : 21

New,

host : ftpes://domain.com

username : xxx

pass : yyy

port : 21

Advanced Option,

Login to Web Host Manager
Go To : Service Configuration
Go To : FTP Server Configuration
Check that :
TLS Encryption Support : set to “Optional”

Try that, it will work.

How to Set Up Apache Virtual Hosts on CentOS 6

2013-08-31T16:33:00.001+05:30

About Virtual Hosts

Virtual Hosts are used to run more than one domain off of a single IP address. This is especially useful to people who need to run several sites off of one virtual private server. The sites display different information to the visitors, depending on with which the users accessed the site.There is no limit to the number of virtual hosts that can be added to a VPS.

Set Up

The steps in this tutorial require the user to have root privileges.Furthermore, if I reference the user in a step, I’ll use the name www. You can implement whatever username suits you.

Additionally, you need to have apache already installed and running on your virtual server
If this is not the case, you can download it with this command:

sudo yum install httpd

Step One— Create a New Directory

The first step in creating a virtual host is to a create a directory where we will keep the new website’s information.

This location will be your Document Root in the Apache virtual configuration file later on. By adding a -p to the line of code, the command automatically generates all the parents for the new directory.

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_html

You will need to designate an actual DNS approved domain, or an IP address, to test that a virtual host is working. In this tutorial we will use example.com as a placeholder for a correct domain name.

However, should you want to use an unapproved domain name to test the process you will find information on how to make it work on your local computer in Step Six.

Step Two—Grant Permissions

We need to grant ownership of the directory to the user, instead of just keeping it on the root system.

 sudo chown -R www:www /var/www/example.com/public_html

Additionally, it is important to make sure that everyone will be able to read our new files.

 sudo chmod 755 /var/www

Now you are all done with permissions.

Step Three— Create the Page

We need to create a new file called index.html within our configurations directory.

sudo vi /var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html

We can add some text to the file so we will have something to look at when the IP redirects to the virtual host.


  
    www.example.com
  
  
    
Success: You Have Set Up a Virtual Host

Save and Exit

Step Four—Turn on Virtual Hosts

The next step is to enter into the apache configuration file itself.

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

There are a few lines to look for.
Make sure that your text matches what you see below.

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

Scroll down to the very bottom of the document to the section called Virtual Hosts.

NameVirtualHost *:80
#
# NOTE: NameVirtualHost cannot be used without a port specifier
# (e.g. :80) if mod_ssl is being used, due to the nature of the
# SSL protocol.
#    

#    
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known
# server name.
# 

     ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/public_html
     ServerName www.example.com
     ServerAlias example.com
     ErrorLog /var/www/example.com/error.log
     CustomLog /var/www/example.com/requests.log

The most important lines to focus on are the lines that say NameVirtualHost, Virtual Host, Document Root, and Server Name. Let’s take these one at a time.

-Uncomment (remove the number sign) NameVirtualHost without making any changes. The star means that any IP address going through port 80 will be a virtual host. As your system probably only has one IP address this is not an issue—however, if you prefer, you can replace the star with your IP address.

-You can leave the rest of the number marks in place until you reach the line . Uncomment everything from there through .

-Leave as is—its details must match with those in the NameVirtual Host section. If you replaced the star with your IP address in that section, be sure to do the same here.

-Document Root is key! For this section, write in the extension of the new directory created in Step One. If the document root is incorrect or absent you will not be able to set up the virtual host.

-Server Name is another important piece of information, containing the virtual host’s domain name (eg. www.example.com). Make sure that you spell the domain out in full; we will put in any alternate possibilities in the next line.

-ServerAlias is a new line in the config file that is not there by default. Adding it will allow you to list a few variants of the domain name, for example without the www in the front.

The rest of the lines in this section are not required to set up a virtual host. However, it is still helpful to know what they do.

-Server admin asks for the webmaster’s email.

-The Error Logs and Custom Logs keep track of any issues with the server. The error log covers issues that arise while maintaining the server, and the custom log tracks server requests. You can set up a custom location for these processes.

-Make sure that is uncommented; then save and exit.

Step Five—Restart Apache

We’ve made a lot of the changes to the configuration. However, they will not take effect until Apache is restarted.
First stop all apache processes:

sudo apachectl -k stop

Then start up apache once again.

sudo /etc/init.d/httpd start

You may see the following error:

Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName

The message is just a warning, and you will be able to access your virtual host without any further issues.

Optional Step Six—Setting Up the Local Hosts

If you have pointed your domain name to your virtual private server’s IP address you can skip this step—you do not need to set up local hosts. Your virtual hosts should work. However, if want to try out your new virtual hosts without having to connect to an actual domain name, you can set up local hosts on your computer alone.

For this step, make sure you are on the computer itself, not your droplet.

To proceed with this step you need to know your computer’s administrative password, otherwise you will be required to use an actual domain name to test the virtual hosts.

If you are on a Mac or Linux, access the root user (su) on the computer and open up your hosts file:

nano /etc/hosts

If you are on a Windows Computer, you can find the directions to alter the host file on the Microsoft site

You can add the local hosts details to this file, as seen in the example below. As long as that line is there, directing your browser toward, say, example.com will give you all the virtual host details for the corresponding IP address.

# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1       localhost

#Virtual Hosts 
12.34.56.789    www.example.com

However, it may be a good idea to delete these made up addresses out of the local hosts folder when you are done to avoid any future confusion.

Step Seven—RESULTS: See Your Virtual Host in Action

Once you have finished setting up your virtual host, you can see how it looks online. Type your ip address into the browser (ie. http://12.34.56.789)

It should look somewhat similar to my handy screenshot

Good Job!

Adding More Virtual Hosts

To create additional virtual hosts, you can just repeat the process above, being careful to set up a new document root with the appropriate new domain name each time. Then just copy and paste the new Virtual Host information into the Apache Config file, as shown below


     ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/public_html
     ServerName www.example.com
     ServerAlias example.com
     ErrorLog /etc/var/www/example.com/error.log
     CustomLog /var/www/example.com/requests.log


     ServerAdmin webmaster@example.org
     DocumentRoot /var/www/example.org/public_html
     ServerName www.example.org
     ServerAlias example.org
     ErrorLog /var/www/example.org/error.log
     CustomLog /var/www/example.orgrequests.log

How to Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on CentOS 6

2013-08-31T16:31:00.003+05:30

About LAMP

LAMP stack is a group of open source software used to get web servers up and running. The acronym stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Since the server is already running CentOS, the linux part is taken care of. Here is how to install the rest.

Set Up

The steps in this tutorial require the user on the virtual private server to have root privileges.

Step One—Install Apache

Apache is a free open source software which runs over 50% of the world’s web servers.

To install apache, open terminal and type in this command:

sudo yum install httpd

Once it installs, you can start apache running on your VPS:

sudo service httpd start

That’s it. To check if Apache is installed, direct your browser to your server’s IP address (eg. http://12.34.56.789). The page should display the words “It works!" like this.

How to find your Server’s IP address

You can run the following command to reveal your server’s IP address.

ifconfig eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2 }'

Step Two—Install MySQL

MySQL is a powerful database management system used for organizing and retrieving data on a virtual server

To install MySQL, open terminal and type in these commands:

sudo yum install mysql-server
sudo service mysqld start

During the installation, MySQL will ask you for your permission twice. After you say Yes to both, MySQL will install.

Once it is done installing, you can set a root MySQL password:

sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

The prompt will ask you for your current root password.

Since you just installed MySQL, you most likely won’t have one, so leave it blank by pressing enter.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Then the prompt will ask you if you want to set a root password. Go ahead and choose Y and follow the instructions.

CentOS automates the process of setting up MySQL, asking you a series of yes or no questions.

It’s easiest just to say Yes to all the options. At the end, MySQL will reload and implement the new changes.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y                                            
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!

Step Three—Install PHP

PHP is an open source web scripting language that is widely used to build dynamic webpages.

To install PHP on your virtual private server, open terminal and type in this command:

sudo yum install php php-mysql

Once you answer yes to the PHP prompt, PHP will be installed.

PHP Modules

PHP also has a variety of useful libraries and modules that you can add onto your server. You can see the libraries that are available by typing:

yum search php-

Terminal then will display the list of possible modules. The beginning looks like this:

php-bcmath.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the bcmath library
php-cli.x86_64 : Command-line interface for PHP
php-common.x86_64 : Common files for PHP
php-dba.x86_64 : A database abstraction layer module for PHP applications
php-devel.x86_64 : Files needed for building PHP extensions
php-embedded.x86_64 : PHP library for embedding in applications
php-enchant.x86_64 : Human Language and Character Encoding Support
php-gd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the gd graphics library
php-imap.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use IMAP

To see more details about what each module does, type the following command into terminal, replacing the name of the module with whatever library you want to learn about.

yum info name of the module

Once you decide to install the module, type:

sudo yum install name of the module

You can install multiple libraries at once by separating the name of each module with a space.

Congratulations! You now have LAMP stack on your droplet!

We should also set the processes to run automatically when the server boots (php will run automatically once Apache starts):

sudo chkconfig httpd on
sudo chkconfig mysqld on

Step Four—RESULTS: See PHP on your Server

Although LAMP is installed on your virtual server, we can still take a look and see the components online by creating a quick php info page

To set this up, first create a new file:

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

Add in the following line:

Then Save and Exit.

Restart apache so that all of the changes take effect on your virtual server:

sudo service httpd restart

Finish up by visiting your php info page (make sure you replace the example ip address with your correct one): http://12.34.56.789/info.php

[CPanel] How to install ffmpeg mplayer and mencoder on CentOS6 (FFMpeg 0.7.11)

2013-08-31T14:42:00.000+05:30

Hello Guys,

Installation of FFMPEG is treated as the toughest installations as it has many dependencies. Check with the below steps for easy installation.

1. Enable 9xhost and EPEL yum repositories

The CentOS 6 RPM packages of ffmpeg, mplayer and MP4Box packages are available on 9xhost.net. These RPM packages are copied from ATrpms and RPM Fusion YUM repositories for a simplified installation.

Some packages on 9xhost YUM repo depend on EPEL repo. To enable EPEL repo, install the epel-release RPM package

rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

1.1 To enable 9xhost YUM repository, create the file /etc/yum.repos.d/9xhost.repo

nano /etc/yum.repos.d/9xhost.repo

and add following repository configuration:

[9xhost]
name=9xhost Packages CentOS 6 - $basearch
baseurl=http://dl.9xhost.info/yumrepo/centos/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

2. Install ffmpeg mplayer and mencoder

for x86 (32bit system)

yum install ffmpeg mplayer

for x86_64 (64bit system)

yum install ffmpeg mplayer --exclude "*.i386"

Note: there is no separate package for mencoder. It is also provided by mplayer package.

This will also install various dependency packages like libtheora, libvorbis, libogg, lame, opencore-amr, x264, xvidcore etc.

3. Install flvtool2

cPanel has its own ruby installer script. So install ruby using following cPanel script:

/scripts/installruby

Flvtool2 is available as a Ruby Gems package. Use following gem command to install flvtool2:

gem install flvtool2

4. Install MP4Box2

MP4Box is provided by gpac package. Install gpac and its library packages:

for x86 (32bit system)

yum install gpac gpac-libs

for x86_64 (64bit system)

yum install gpac gpac-libs --exclude "*.i386"

5. Install ffmpeg-php

Ffmpeg-php requires ffmpeg development package. Install it using yum:
for x86 (32bit system)

yum install ffmpeg-devel

for x86_64 (64bit system)

yum install ffmpeg-devel --exclude "*.i386"

Now download the latest ffmpeg-php package:

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2

Untar this package, build and install it with following commands:

tar xjf ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2
cd ffmpeg-php-0.6.0
sed -i 's/PIX_FMT_RGBA32/PIX_FMT_RGB32/g' ffmpeg_frame.c
phpize
./configure
make
make install

The make install command will show PHP extensions path where ffmpeg PHP extension is installed:

root@server [~/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/

Now edit php.ini file

nano /usr/local/lib/php.ini

and make sure that value of extension_dir is set to PHP extension directory as given by above make install command:

extension_dir = "/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613"

Add following line just below extension_dir and this will enable ffmpeg PHP extension:

extension="ffmpeg.so"

Restart Apache to make this change effective:

/scripts/restartsrv_httpd

You can verify the status of ffmpeg extension on a PHP info web page or from command line as given below:

root@server [~]# php -i | grep ffmpeg
ffmpeg
ffmpeg-php version => 0.6.0-svn
ffmpeg-php built on => Jun 2 2012 20:48:04
ffmpeg-php gd support => enabled
ffmpeg libavcodec version => Lavc52.123.0
ffmpeg libavformat version => Lavf52.111.0
ffmpeg swscaler version => SwS0.14.1
ffmpeg.allow_persistent => 0 => 0
ffmpeg.show_warnings => 0 => 0
OLDPWD => /root/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0
_SERVER["OLDPWD"] => /root/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0
_ENV["OLDPWD"] => /root/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0

6. Installation paths

Following are the file system paths of tools that we installed:

ffmpeg: /usr/bin/ffmpeg
mplayer: /usr/bin/mplayer
mencoder: /usr/bin/mencoder
flvtool2: /usr/bin/flvtool2
MP4Box: /usr/bin/MP4Box

Install Memcache on CentOS 6 cPanel

2013-08-09T22:42:00.002+05:30

Here is how to install Memcache for PHP on a CentOS 6 cPanel / WHM box. Some of the guides suggest that you need libevent (well, you do need libevent), though when I tried it, I already had it installed. But if you need it, yum will sort you out.

yum install libevent

Next, install memcache itself. Note that the package is called memcached.

yum install memcached

Of course, just installing it doesn’t mean that the daemon is running. So don’t forget to start it too!

/etc/init.d/memcached start

Finally, we need to add the PHP extension. Beware that the PECL installer on WHM won’t work! So you need to compile it manually from source. That isn’t too difficult though.

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache
tar zxvf memcache
cd memcache-3.0.6
phpize
./configure
make
make install

And add the extension to your php.ini.

extension=memcache.so

Now restart Apache and a memcache section should appear in your PHP info.

Linux: HowTo Copy a Folder [ Command Line Option ]

2013-08-08T23:57:00.002+05:30

I'm a new Linux user. How do I copy a directory or folder under Linux operating system using command line options and bash shell?

You can use various command to copy a folder under Linux operating systems.

cp Command

cp is a Linux command for copying files and directories. The syntax is as follows:

 
cp source destination
cp dir1 dir2
cp -option  source destination
cp -option1 -option2  source destination

In this example copy /home/vivek/letters folder and all its files to /usb/backup directory:

 
cp -avr /home/vivek/letters /usb/backup

Where,

-a : Preserve the specified attributes such as directory an file mode, ownership, timestamps, if possible additional attributes: context, links, xattr, all.
-v : Explain what is being done.
-r : Copy directories recursively.

Example

Copy a folder called /tmp/conf to /tmp/backup:
$ cp -avr /tmp/conf/ /tmp/backup
Sample outputs:

Fig.01: cp command in action

rsync Command

You can also use rsync command which is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool. It can make copies across the network. The syntax is as follows:

 
rsync -av /path/to/source /path/to/destination
rsync -av /path/to/source/ /path/to/destination/source

To backup my home directory, which consists of large files and mail folders to /media/backup, enter:
$ rsync -avz /home/vivek /media/backup
I can copy a folder to remote machine called server1.cyberciti.biz:
$ rsync -avz /home/vivek/ server1.cyberciti.biz:/home/backups/vivek
Where,

-a : Archive mode i.e. copy a folder with all its permission and other information including recursive copy.
-v : Verbose mode.
-z : With this option, rsync compresses the file data as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data being transmitted — something that is useful over a slow connection.

You can show progress during transfer using --progress or -P option:
$ rsync -av --progress /path/to/source/ /path/to/dest
Sample outputs:

Fig.02: rsync command in action

[CPanel] Auto fix for file permissions and ownership

2013-08-08T21:29:00.001+05:30

Credit does not go to me though. A good buddy of mine, Colin R., wrote this for ServInt. Thanks Colin for making lives easier!

Furthermore, it is highly recommended that you run a full backup of your server before running fixperms or any other script that makes changes to multiple files.

That all being said, if you are running suPHP or FastCGI, press on; for this script will work flawlessly for you and potentially save you a TON of time & hassle.

Fixperms – for one single user

To use the fixperms script, simply log into your server as root, wget the file from our server, then run it. Type in the cPanel username and it will run only for that particular account.

Shell

1

2

wget boomshadow.net/tools-utils/fixperms.sh

sh ./fixperms.sh -a USER-NAME

Fixperms – for all of the users

If you would like fix the permissions for every user on your cPanel server, simply use the ‘-all’ option:

Shell

1

2

wget boomshadow.net/tools-utils/fixperms.sh

sh ./fixperms.sh -all

Verbosity of Fixperms

For one single account:

Shell

1

sh ./fixperms.sh -v -a USER-NAME

For all accounts:

Shell

1

sh ./fixperms.sh -v -all

Install FTP in CentOS 6.3

2013-07-30T02:26:00.002+05:30

This tutorial shows you how to install and configure FTP server in CentOS 6.3. Though the steps provided here are tested in CentOS 6.3, it should work on RHEL 6.x(x stands for version) and Scientific Linux 6.x too. In this tutorial my ftp server ip and hostname are 192.168.1.200 andmainserver.ostechnix.com respectively. I have already configured a local repository and i am gonna to install FTP from my local repository. For more information navigate to setup your local repoistory in CentOS 6 / RHEL 6 / Scientific Linux.

Before proceed, stop the firewall.

[root@mainserver ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
[root@mainserver ~]# service ip6tables stop
ip6tables: Flushing firewall rules:                        [  OK  ]
ip6tables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter         [  OK  ]
ip6tables: Unloading modules:                              [  OK  ]
[root@mainserver ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@mainserver ~]# chkconfig ip6tables off
[root@mainserver ~]#

Now let us install FTP service.

[root@mainserver ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
[root@mainserver ~]# Start vsftpd service.
[root@mainserver ~]# service vsftpd start
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd:                                [  OK  ]
[root@mainserver ~]#

Enable vsftpd in multi-user levels.

[root@mainserver ~]# chkconfig vsftpd on

Now edit the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file. Uncomment and edit the lines in the vsftpd.conf file which are shown in bold.

[root@mainserver ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to OSTECHNIX FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
use_localtime=YES

Now let us restart the vsftpd service and try to connect to ftp server.

[root@mainserver ~]# service vsftpd restart
Shutting down vsftpd:                                      [  OK  ]
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd:                                [  OK  ]

Connect to the ftp server.

Note: Root is not allowed to connect to ftp server by default for security purpose. So lets us create a new user called ostechnix.

[root@mainserver ~]# useradd ostechnix
[root@mainserver ~]# passwd ostechnix
Changing password for user ostechnix.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Connet to FTP server using the new user ostechnix.

[root@mainserver ~]# ftp 192.168.1.200
-bash: ftp: command not found
[root@mainserver ~]#

Oops! ftp package is not installed. So let us install ftp package first.

[root@mainserver ~]# yum install -y ftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ftp.i686 0:0.17-51.1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
 Package       Arch           Version                 Repository           Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 ftp           i686           0.17-51.1.el6           localrepo            55 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)
Total download size: 55 k
Installed size: 91 k
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : ftp-0.17-51.1.el6.i686                                       1/1 
  Verifying  : ftp-0.17-51.1.el6.i686                                       1/1 
Installed:
  ftp.i686 0:0.17-51.1.el6                                                      
Complete!
[root@mainserver ~]#

Again connect to the FTP server.

[root@mainserver ~]# ftp 192.168.1.200
Connected to 192.168.1.200 (192.168.1.200).
220 Welcome to OSTECHNIX FTP service.
Name (192.168.1.200:root): ostechnix
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/home/ostechnix
Login failed.
ftp>

It shows a error that the user cannot change to his $HOME directory. Type exit to return back from the ftp console and allow vsftpd daemon to change users into their $HOME directories. To do that update SELinux configuration using the command below.

[root@mainserver ~]# setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on

And finally connect to the FTP server.

[root@mainserver ~]# ftp 192.168.1.200
Connected to 192.168.1.200 (192.168.1.200).
220 Welcome to OSTECHNIX FTP service.
Name (192.168.1.200:root): ostechnix
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> pwd
257 "/home/ostechnix"
ftp>

Its working now. You can use your FTP server.

Connect to FTP server using Filezilla from Client:

Download and install Filezilla client software to any one of the client systems. Open the Filezilla client and enter the username and password which we have created earlier and click connect.

Connect to FTP server via browser from the client:

Open the browser and navigate to ftp://192.1168.1.200. Enter the username and password which we cretaed earlier.

If you want to browse ftp server using domain name(i.e ftp://ostechnix.com) instead of ip address, add the ftp server ip in the DNS server records. For more information to configure DNS server navigate to Setup DNS server in CentOS 6.3/RHEL 6.3/Scientific Linux 6.3.

Thats it. You can access your FTP server from any client now using Filezilla and as well as from your client web browser.

Have a good day!!!

W3 TOOLS - Making Web Easier..!

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Requirements:

Why use this ?

Installation:

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Installation:

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Uninstallation instructions:

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Fixperms – for all of the users

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The code itself, what’s in it?

Click here to see the code:

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Install Google’s mod_pagespeed.

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Social CSS Snippet – example 1

Social CSS Snippet – example 2

Social CSS Snippet – example 3

Social CSS Snippet – example 4

Social CSS Snippet – example 5

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Social CSS Snippets and Ideas – Live Editable Examples

Simple & Cool Live Examples of Image on hover Css effect

Shrink Image on hover

Enlarge Image on hover

Rotate Image on hover

Tilt Image on hover

Blur Image on hover

Decolorize Image on hover

Darken Image on hover

Hue-rotate Image on hover

Drop shadow Image on hover

Opacity Image on hover

I suggest that you bookmark this page and use it as a starting point anytime you wish to practice and experiment.

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Web Directory > FTP > Dropbox

Here’s An Example:

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The Ultimate Wget Download Guide With 15 Awesome Examples

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2. Download and Store With a Different File name Using wget -O

3. Specify Download Speed / Download Rate Using wget –limit-rate

4. Continue the Incomplete Download Using wget -c

5. Download in the Background Using wget -b

6. Mask User Agent and Display wget like Browser Using wget –user-agent

7. Test Download URL Using wget –spider

8. Increase Total Number of Retry Attempts Using wget –tries

9. Download Multiple Files / URLs Using Wget -i

10. Download a Full Website Using wget –mirror

11. Reject Certain File Types while Downloading Using wget –reject

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13. Quit Downloading When it Exceeds Certain Size Using wget -Q

14. Download Only Certain File Types Using wget -r -A