<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2024 02:51:25 +0000</lastBuildDate><category>MAPS</category><category>METHODOLOGY</category><category>LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category>INTRODUCTION</category><category>STUDY AREA</category><category>RESULTS</category><category>DISCUSSION</category><category>OBJECTIVES</category><title>zuera_walkscape</title><description>a map made by walking // un mapa creado al caminar</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>26</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-4324088873766865597</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 2010 10:25:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:06:14.353+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><title>Mapas de los Índices de “Caminabilidad” // Walkability Indexes Maps</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar / by Ramiro Aznar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcetXMSYGKKEKbBo2OuVZaMKEkv2oJIjCvN2SJYvfH6tDMm0GovBiq2ID4whRvPwThoJlhbfmKVTe9mdORihZiM0q9HxFXi8M4PnJXAFIRpoe5pXt72TnGFWWCcJIsrcBXAcLLRGJ-3_8/s1600/WSI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcetXMSYGKKEKbBo2OuVZaMKEkv2oJIjCvN2SJYvfH6tDMm0GovBiq2ID4whRvPwThoJlhbfmKVTe9mdORihZiM0q9HxFXi8M4PnJXAFIRpoe5pXt72TnGFWWCcJIsrcBXAcLLRGJ-3_8/s320/WSI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa del espacio disponible para caminar // Walking Space Index Map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkpfgH4eiKjE2x9yLZdIy9Zof4hQjhRI48tx8MKZyY39iiTmyeAt716WU7zM5lysX12-TsEAD7LLEyoYMhDUeVot7glIa9zq6CeiuWErod1jTZP6UngtzFVqw6lXbL4o0XktyuoYuUFgY/s1600/SQI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkpfgH4eiKjE2x9yLZdIy9Zof4hQjhRI48tx8MKZyY39iiTmyeAt716WU7zM5lysX12-TsEAD7LLEyoYMhDUeVot7glIa9zq6CeiuWErod1jTZP6UngtzFVqw6lXbL4o0XktyuoYuUFgY/s320/SQI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;201&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa de la calidad de la calle // Street Quality Index Map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj09euYLAefXKvn8u6F-3bkgZpi930fZH-gkOcS7dS5e1iUQc8tlPG9YFtjjFDoZK4wGwXwQ71g1-ywiHxdAI7MQgepjdMgHzmvqGOGveroDfFZPS4WOwadtdmvMzKvywC2_MRsx_Oazlc/s1600/WI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj09euYLAefXKvn8u6F-3bkgZpi930fZH-gkOcS7dS5e1iUQc8tlPG9YFtjjFDoZK4wGwXwQ71g1-ywiHxdAI7MQgepjdMgHzmvqGOGveroDfFZPS4WOwadtdmvMzKvywC2_MRsx_Oazlc/s320/WI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;198&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa del índice de “caminabilidad” // Walkability Index Map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/11/mapas-de-los-indices-de-caminabilidad.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Resto de los mapas... // Following maps...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgId8S_uDMabV1xgixQ6wZioX2Ir03Zij17_vh6-96Q6WBg40IZlW6rjFAHr6RqfnuuHESrUCqjZqMVVksiZD2HxqisGbRkQGxVRqAaHttkwiYDiAjRHNBC0ADVTSrnzMRWvWA7JEz9Tn8/s1600/DAI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgId8S_uDMabV1xgixQ6wZioX2Ir03Zij17_vh6-96Q6WBg40IZlW6rjFAHr6RqfnuuHESrUCqjZqMVVksiZD2HxqisGbRkQGxVRqAaHttkwiYDiAjRHNBC0ADVTSrnzMRWvWA7JEz9Tn8/s320/DAI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa de accesibilidad para personas discapacitadas // Disabled Accessibility Map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa del índice de “caminabilidad” para personas discapacitadas // Disabed Walkability Map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/11/mapas-de-los-indices-de-caminabilidad.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcetXMSYGKKEKbBo2OuVZaMKEkv2oJIjCvN2SJYvfH6tDMm0GovBiq2ID4whRvPwThoJlhbfmKVTe9mdORihZiM0q9HxFXi8M4PnJXAFIRpoe5pXt72TnGFWWCcJIsrcBXAcLLRGJ-3_8/s72-c/WSI.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-8761639001605441893</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 2010 10:16:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:03:57.492+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>Mapas del área de estudio, callejero y factores urbanos // Study area, urban factors and other maps</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar / by Ramiro Aznar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrheKJRc2N1mWwZduKP6NlpUEWPuFmn1oLCqWAQza_-Oa0qBGZ05khgG-X2wwcl9chfywVHtJi9EMih-wSzRTXMMPsYY3xNe4lcohHM7DUK2xIk6zDRvAOnlFnTH9i37LAd-v9jFbwyg/s1600/study_area+copia.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrheKJRc2N1mWwZduKP6NlpUEWPuFmn1oLCqWAQza_-Oa0qBGZ05khgG-X2wwcl9chfywVHtJi9EMih-wSzRTXMMPsYY3xNe4lcohHM7DUK2xIk6zDRvAOnlFnTH9i37LAd-v9jFbwyg/s320/study_area+copia.jpg&quot; width=&quot;189&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Área de estudio // Study Area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzPxHy6B2F9L0dVquCy3y6oz98igayF192Fe4_C3HDKgJgWUQvqSj2T8mvMVEAbp3Rvof1nOAOZ9T_31-jjTC74y3iIQ06q2z1x8JLb2eOoD65ZrZxMsfFQJfUtQdpCXAm78OjUFCem2k/s1600/Callejero.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzPxHy6B2F9L0dVquCy3y6oz98igayF192Fe4_C3HDKgJgWUQvqSj2T8mvMVEAbp3Rvof1nOAOZ9T_31-jjTC74y3iIQ06q2z1x8JLb2eOoD65ZrZxMsfFQJfUtQdpCXAm78OjUFCem2k/s320/Callejero.jpg&quot; width=&quot;189&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Callejero // Name of the streets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/11/mapas-del-area-de-estudio-callejero-y.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Resto de mapas... // Following maps...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1sj0HQOch57615j1i1f2Ol_fjPPdHBKBhRo0urBe4a6USemDpvWtAOPjKkjnNAuTWCnNS95o9n7ZH3tR1g8obdx2t7xrohN6zhaTo-c8zogBbYiuAhFEf0MiUF2tZZ2EGv3NhGSj1RQY/s1600/TL.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1sj0HQOch57615j1i1f2Ol_fjPPdHBKBhRo0urBe4a6USemDpvWtAOPjKkjnNAuTWCnNS95o9n7ZH3tR1g8obdx2t7xrohN6zhaTo-c8zogBbYiuAhFEf0MiUF2tZZ2EGv3NhGSj1RQY/s320/TL.jpg&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Carriles de tráfico // Traffic Lanes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aparcamientos // Parkings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ancho de acera // Sidewalk width&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estado de la acera // Sidewalk quality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Equipamiento urbano // Pedestrian comfort amenities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pendiente // Slope&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Barreras arquitectónicas // Physical barriers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estructuras de acceso para discapacitados // Disabled access structures&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/11/mapas-del-area-de-estudio-callejero-y.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrheKJRc2N1mWwZduKP6NlpUEWPuFmn1oLCqWAQza_-Oa0qBGZ05khgG-X2wwcl9chfywVHtJi9EMih-wSzRTXMMPsYY3xNe4lcohHM7DUK2xIk6zDRvAOnlFnTH9i37LAd-v9jFbwyg/s72-c/study_area+copia.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-5115111795958875870</guid><pubDate>Sat, 04 Sep 2010 10:06:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-01-30T08:46:54.874+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><title>la vida secreta de los mapas urbanos // the secret life of urban maps</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La cartografía urbana proporciona al ciudadano una serie de capas temáticas con las cual se puede guiar a través de la ciudad y al mismo tiempo destapar nuevas realidades desconocidas en su propio barrio barrio o incluso en su propia calle [1]. La cartografía y su elemento más conspicuo, los mapas, son tradicionalmente entendidas como realidades neutras y objetivas [6], pero esta afirmación no es más que una ilusión [4]. De hecho, los mapas son productos de la realidad y no espejos de la misma (Pickles, 2004 citado en [2]). Se puede decir que son artefactos socialmente construidos, reflejo de demandas políticas de su propio contexto cultural y de las preferencias personales del cartografiador [1]. Un buen ejemplo de esto lo podemos encontrar en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arkinet.com/articles/hugh-ferriss&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;los estupendos dibujos de Hugh Ferris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Su ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Evolution of the Set-back building&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;’ puede ser considerada como los primeros mapas tridimensionales. En ellos Ferris ilustraba una ciudad virtual producto de las limitaciones de la forma, las exigencias económicas de los propietarios del suelo y los promotores, y también del interés estético de los arquitectos [ibid]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Imágenes sacadas de la obra de Hugh Ferris, ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Evolution of the Set-back Building’&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;conocidas comúnmente como los dibujos de las “cuatro etapas” (1992) [vía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Landscape and Urbanism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;]. // Hugh Ferris’ ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Evolution of the Set-back Building’ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;or more commonly known as the “Four-Stages” drawings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1922) [via Landscape and Urbanism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En esta misma línea contextual, la cartografía puede ser interpretada (o leída) como si fuese un texto escrito (Barnes &amp;amp; Gregory, 1997 citado en [6]). Como de Certeau escribe (1984: 117, parafraseado en [2]): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[un mapa] es como una palabra hablada, captada de forma ambigua en cualquiera de sus actualizaciones, transformada constantemente en función de las múltiples costumbres que la rodean, situada como un acto del presente (o de “un” tiempo), y modificada por las transformaciones causadas por sucesivas contextualizaciones&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/images?rlz=1C1CHMB_esGB346GB346&amp;amp;q=James+Corner&amp;amp;um=1&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;source=univ&amp;amp;ei=zQGCTMTcAsWOjAevspyNCA&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=image_result_group&amp;amp;ct=title&amp;amp;resnum=4&amp;amp;ved=0CEkQsAQwAw&amp;amp;biw=1280&amp;amp;bih=685&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;James Corner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; señala en este respecto que un mapa siempre intenta convencer al lector de algo particular de lo que el mapa muestra o representa [1]. El afirma que el “mapeado” puede ser entendido como una &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“agency”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (agencia o acción), es decir, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“una operación, condición o estado donde se ejerce cierto poder”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y como consecuencia, los mapas pueden interpretarse como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“agents”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; o agentes, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“mecanismos de poder que ejerce presión hacia un resultado deseado”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [ibid: 99]. Esto se podría resumir en palabras de Mitchell (1990: 12, parafraseado en [3]) como sigue: un mapa es siempre &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“algo o “alguien”, [hecho] por algo o alguien, para alguien”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Según Pinder [6], los situacionistas, como se mencionó en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/el-largo-poema-del-caminar-long-poem-of.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;la anterior entrada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, se dieron cuenta del poder oculto de los mapas y especialmente de los referentes a las ciudades. Dos obras de Debord, ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The naked city’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘Guide psychogéographique de Paris’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, por ejemplo, invitan al usuario a tomar la perspectiva de un caminante urbano, el cual investiga enigmas inscritos en la ciudad y por tanto, a tomar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“un punto de vista totalmente personificada”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Este autor continua argumentando que tanto los situacionistas como sus predecesores desarrollaron la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;psicogeografía&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; como un medio para valorar o apreciar los contornos emocionales de las ciudades, la conexión entre el comportamiento humano y la geografía urbana, y como estos pueden ser transformados. Ellos por tanto entienden el mapeado como una metodología a través de la cual se “encuentran con la ciudad” en lugar de simplemente verla (Wood, 1978, citado en [6]). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lavillenue.fr/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/naked-city.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.lavillenue.fr/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/naked-city.jpg&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“The naked city” por Guy Debord [vía &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lavillenue.fr/la-carte/la-derive&quot;&gt;L&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lavillenue.fr/la-carte/la-derive&quot;&gt;a Ville Nue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;]. // “The naked city” by Guy Debord [via&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lavillenue.fr/la-carte/la-derive&quot;&gt;L&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lavillenue.fr/la-carte/la-derive&quot;&gt;a Ville Nue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En realidad, la psicogeografía se encuentra muy próxima a los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘mapas mentales’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; o al &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘mapeado cognitivo’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Lynch&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Kevin Lynch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Su obra en general y ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;La Imagen de la ciudad’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [5] en particular, ha ayudado a urbanistas y arquitectos a mejorar el diseño urbano. Usando el mapeado cognitivo como medio revelador de patrones urbanos (o falta de ellos), estas cartografías muestran las imperfecciones presentes en las ciudades [1]. En este sentido, durante toda su vida &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://elblogdefarina.blogspot.com/2010/08/paisajes-urbanos-virtuales.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Lynch estuvo muy interesado en conocer cual era la forma idónea o buena de las ciudades, sin embargo al final se dio cuenta de la imposibilidad de semejante tarea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. En sus propias palabras (1981: 1, parafraseado en [1]): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;las ciudades son demasiado complicadas, se encuentran fuera de nuestro control, y afectan a demasiadas personas, las cuales están sujetas a multitud de variaciones culturales… Las ciudades, como los continentes, son simplemente enormes hechos de la naturaleza a las cuales nos tenemos que adaptar&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De todas maneras, se dio cuenta que a pesar de no poseer respuesta era una pregunta que era necesario preguntarse ya que involucraba un juicio de valores. Estos son una parte inseparable en la toma de decisiones y en la nueva gobernanza urbana, y por tanto, existe una necesidad de entenderlos, expresarlos y mapearlos [ibid].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQMfGMpbjIm0bwReGPNXyGV47iogJLY44aVspX9G54hk2s2-_xr&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;254&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQMfGMpbjIm0bwReGPNXyGV47iogJLY44aVspX9G54hk2s2-_xr&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Problemas de la imagen de la ciudad de Boston, sacado del libro de Lynch, ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Image of the City’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (1961) [vía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/62&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;CSISS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;]. // Problems of the Boston image from Lynch’s ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Image of the City’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (1961) [via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/62&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;CSISS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/el-largo-poema-del-caminar-long-poem-of.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;el acto de caminar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, el mapeado o cartografiado puede entenderse como un proceso continu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;o, abierto y sin final. Así Kitchin y Dodge argumentan que los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“mapas nunca están completamente formados y acabados. Es más, son transitorios, efímeros. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Son contingentes, relacionales y contexto-dependientes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Los mapas están siempre en un continuo estado de mapeo”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [2: 331, el énfasis es mío]. Estos investigadores continúan afirmando que los mapas están en constante estado de “llegar a ser o convertirse”, son “ontogénicos”, “emergentes” en naturaleza. Es decir, son productos del momento. Esta idea de entender la cartografía como una ciencia de procesos y no figurativa supone un cambio epistemológico profundo. En esencia, este cambio se podría resumir en que lo que de verdad importa ahora es &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“la vida social de los mapas”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; y no los mapas en sí [3].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/09/la-vida-secreta-de-los-mapas-urbanos.html&quot;&gt;Read in English…&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Urban cartography provides layers of geospatial data that direct people through the city, thus guiding the map-reader in space and uncovering specific aspects of the metropolis [1]. In this context, maps are still frequently viewed as neutral and objective representations [6], but this statement is an illusion [4]. Maps are indeed a product of nature rather than a mirror of reality (Pickles, 2004, cited in [6]). They are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;socially constructed artifacts which register the prevailing political demands of their cultural context and the personal input of the map-maker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [1]. A good example of this can be found in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arkinet.com/articles/hugh-ferriss&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the drawings of Hugh Ferris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. His ‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Evolution of the Set-back Building’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; can be considered as three-dimensional maps in which Ferris exposed a virtual city as it reflected the limitations of form, the economic demands of property owners and developers, and the aesthetic concerns of architects [ibid].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In addition, cartography can be understood as ‘wordly’ (Barnes &amp;amp; Gregory, 1997, cited in [6]).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As de Certeau writes (1984: 117, quoted in [2]): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[a map] is like the word when it is spoken, that is when it is caught in the ambiguity of an actualization, transformed into a term dependent upon many conventions, situated as the act of a present (or of a time), and modified by the transformations caused by successive contexts&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In the same sense, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/images?rlz=1C1CHMB_esGB346GB346&amp;amp;q=James+Corner&amp;amp;um=1&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;source=univ&amp;amp;ei=zQGCTMTcAsWOjAevspyNCA&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=image_result_group&amp;amp;ct=title&amp;amp;resnum=4&amp;amp;ved=0CEkQsAQwAw&amp;amp;biw=1280&amp;amp;bih=685&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;James Corner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; points out that a map generally attempts to convince the reader of some particular aspect the map is trying to represent [1]. He states that mapping can be understood as an &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“agency”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, namely, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“an operation, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, and therefore, a map is an &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“agent”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“a powerful mechanism that pushes for the end result”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ibid: 99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;). As Mitchell (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1990:12, quoted in Freire &amp;amp; Villar, 2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;), a map is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“always something or someone, [made] by something or someone, to someone”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;According to Pinder [6], Situationists, as mentioned in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/el-largo-poema-del-caminar-long-poem-of.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the last post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, were aware of this reality regarding maps, and specifically urban representations. Debord’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘The naked city’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘Guide psychogéographique de Paris’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, for instance, were maps which invite the user to take the perspective of someone walking in the city, to consider enigmas of urban experience and activity form &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“a more embodied perspective”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. He goes on to say that Situationists and their predecessors developed psycogeography as a means of appraising the emotional contours of cities, the connection between behavior and urban geography, and how they may be transformed. They therefore view mapping as a methodology for encountering the city rather than simply mirroring it (Wood, 1978, cited in [6]). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;It can be argued that psycogeography, in fact, is very close to the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘mental maps’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘cognitive mapping’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; tradition that was pioneered by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_A._Lynch&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Kevin Lynch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. His work, and more specifically &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘The Image of the City’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [4], has helped to constitute a tool for better urban design. By using mental maps as means to reveal the city’s pattern (or lack of it), these cartographies bring to light the imperfection of the city’s urban structure [1]. In this respect, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://elblogdefarina.blogspot.com/2010/08/paisajes-urbanos-virtuales.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Lynch was truly interested in knowing the “good” city form, but at the end, he discovered that it was an impossible task&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. In fact, according to him (1981: 1, quoted in [1]): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;cities are too complicated, too far beyond our control, and affect too many people, who are subject to too many cultural variations… Cities, like continents, are simply huge facts of nature, to which we must adapt&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nevertheless, it was a question which was (and is) worth asking mainly because it involves a value assessment. Values are inevitable part of decision-making and urban governance, and hence, there is a necessity to understand, express and map such values [1].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/el-largo-poema-del-caminar-long-poem-of.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the act of walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, mapping can be understood as an on-going and unfinished process. In this sense, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Kitchin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Dodge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; argue that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“(m)aps are never fully formed and their work is never complete. They are transitory and fleeting, being &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;contingent, relational &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; context-dependent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, they are always ‘mapping’”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [2: 331, emphasis mine]. Further, they continue by stating that maps are constantly in a stage of becoming, they are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“ontogenic”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; or “emergent” in nature, that is to say that they are products of the moment. This idea of understanding cartography as a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;processual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; science rather than representational has a powerful epistemological change. In essence, it can be suggested that what really matters now is the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“social life”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; of maps [3]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[1] Amoroso, N. 2010. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The exposed city: mapping the urban invisibles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. First Edition, Routledge, 176 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[2] Dodge, M. &amp;amp; Kitchin, R. 2007. Rethinking maps. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Progress in Human Geography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(3): 331-344.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[3] Freire, J. &amp;amp; Villar, D. 2010. Prácticas cartográficas cotidianas en la cultura digital. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Razón y palabra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;73&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [disponible en: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.razonypalabra.org.mx/N/N73/MonotematicoN73/01-M73Freire-Villar.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;http://www.razonypalabra.org.mx/N/N73/MonotematicoN73/01-M73Freire-Villar.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[4] Lynch, K. 1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Image of the City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[5] Harley, B. 1989. Deconstructing the map. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cartographica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 1-20.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[6] Pinder, D. 2003. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapping worlds: Cartography and the politics of representation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. In: Blunt, A. et al. (Eds.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cultural Geography in Practice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Oxford University Press, Arnold Publishers, London, 330 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/09/la-vida-secreta-de-los-mapas-urbanos.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXDCGbLTOSucIjoW3RenHQ1xq8OPhwcU5_uOh0i75g7ZZEsbQVFK5fAfhIxgsF4RSiEiAfvW6ryQSsc42SirycTqUuGUnj-ZLQj57o0u0ayJxH3gl9BNqeCP7o6Q4qiomU9SNhTRtTx6Ie/s72-c/tumblr_kx6n8iuMz91qzugn3o1_500.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-5280342332982131848</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2010 21:09:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T17:50:53.740+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><title>el largo poema del caminar // the long poem of walking</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En uno de los pasajes de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Walkscapes: El andar como práctica estética&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; se dice que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“el mundo es un enorme lienzo, el cual es pintado al caminar. Una superficie que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2009/09/te-land-as-palimsest.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;no es una página en blanco&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, sino un histórico y geográfico &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;sedimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; en el cual se van añadiendo capas y más capas”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2: 150, énfasis mío]. Desde las pisadas milenarias de dos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Australopithecus aferensis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.com/maps?q=laetoli&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=laetoli&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Laetoli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (Tanzania) hasta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCt1BwWE2gA&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ese “pequello” paso de Neil Amstrong en la Luna en 1969&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, la Humanidad –y nuestros ancestros homínidos- han escrito la Historia caminando. En las ciudades, la marcha a pie ha sido el modo mayoritario de desplazamiento hasta hace muy poco, constituyendo la base de la movilidad y relaciones urbanas [12]. Pero como se verá la práctica de caminar, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/andar-para-descifrar-el-paisaje-urbano.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;de escribir el paisaje urbano con nuestros pies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, no es únicamente un modo de moverse a través del tejido urbano. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Uno de los primeros en reconocer las implicaciones del caminar por la ciudad fue la figura del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. El origen de este personaje se remonta al siglo XIX, y es asociado a un lugar determinado, las calles parisinas [17]. Sin lugar a dudas, el mejor análisis sobre el tema lo encontramos en el ensayo de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Water Benjamin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; sobre &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Charles Baudeliere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [Benajamin, 1983, cited in 15]. Por definición, un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; es tanto un ocioso, un paseante, como un observador, un detective de la escena urbana [6]. Es una interesante figura pública porque es capaz de resaltar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“la centralidad del movimiento en la vida social”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, ya que para el lo más importante es el flujo de nuevas experiencias y percepciones que le invaden al andar por el paisaje urbano y entremezclarse entre el gentío [ibid]. Las calles, de acuerdo con los apuntes de Benjamin [1], conducen al paseante a través de un tiempo ya extinto, recuerdos o melodías de un pasado alternativo. Por consiguiente, se ha argumentado que la práctica de la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flânerie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; no consiste en vagabundear y observar, también supone escribir y transformar el tejido metropolitano [16]. En este contexto, hombres de la época como Engels, Dickens y Mayhew son considerados poetas andantes que intentaron leer la ciudad “ilegible”, y a continuación transformar su caótica y peligrosa narrativa en un texto social integrado, reconocible y ordenado [ibid]. Según lo visto en este párrafo, como Benjamin [1] apunta, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.laciudadviva.org/blogs/?p=3400&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;las ciudades son vastos depósitos de historia que pueden ser leídos como un libro si se cuenta con un código apropiado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.laciudadviva.org/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/flaneur-mz.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;273&quot; src=&quot;http://www.laciudadviva.org/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/flaneur-mz.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Según Walter Benjamin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la ciudad puede ser entendida como un texto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. De este modo se pude argumentar que lo que está escrito se corresponde con la realidad urbana, y por tanto, sus innumerables palabras pueden ser entendidas como miles de puertas –que sirven tanto como entrada como de salida- [Frisby, 1994: 100, citado en 6]. Como consecuencia la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flânerie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; es un método de lectura, de interpretación de señales, huellas, signos, vestigios… dejados en el pavimento urbano, pero también es un medio para escribir, para construir y producir ciudad&amp;nbsp; [6] (vía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.laciudadviva.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la ciudad viva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). // According to Walter Benjamin, “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the text is a city”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. “That which is written is like a city, to which the words are thousand gateways” [Frisby, 1994: 100, cited in 6]. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flânerie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; is therefore a method of reading texts, for interpreting the traces of the metropolis, but it is also a method of writing, of producing and constructing texts [6] (via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.laciudadviva.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la ciudad viva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La llegada del siglo XX supuso la (casi) extinción del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; del nicho urbano debido a dos factores principales. Por un lado la reducción del espacio público urbano, y por otro, el auge del tráfico y del automóvil privado [6]. Como consecuencia este investigador de la ciudad fue progresivamente sustituido por el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;voyeur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; de escaparates [ibid], por un auténtico &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0113749/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mallrat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Un consumidor ávido por mezclarse entre la multitud y los maniquís [Falk &amp;amp; Campbell, 1997, citado en 6].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En estos últimos años, al mismo tiempo que la ciudad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;del texto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;es reemplazada por la ciudad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;del link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, un nuevo explorador esta vez electrónico se desplaza por las avenidas de Internet. Como auguraba Verilio [1997, citado en 6], &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“la pantalla del ordenador se ha convertido en la plaza mayor”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Hoy en día, de hecho, las redes de información digital pueden considerarse tan esenciales como los callejeros urbanos [9]. Diversos autores apuntan dos diferencias principales entre este &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; electrónico y el convencional de hace dos siglos. La primera reside en la velocidad y la movilidad. Mientras que el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; parisino recorre las calles de forma continua, pausada, y en su errar como mucho podría visitar un número reducido de calles, su versión moderna se mueve de forma rápida y puntuada, gracias a “saltos” entre calles e incluso ciudades [6]. Esta “híper-movilidad” se conoce como navegación o surfeo de la red, y se consigue gracias a la naturaleza híper-conectada de la red [ibid]. El segundo contraste esta basado en la escala del universo que ambos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; habitan. Por un lado, la actividad del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;convencional estaba limitada por los edificios, las calles y por algunas barreras socio-culturales. En cambio, el “datascape” del presente tiene multitud de capas, casi infinitas [ibid], aunque también presenta en su &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/calles-con-libertad-de-movimiento-open.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;geografía de accesibilidad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; un creciente número de obstáculos, culturales, físicos y socio-políticos [9]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El acceso a este nuevo espacio digital urbano se está configurando de una forma muy parecida al de la ciudad convencional. De hecho, en la actualidad no podemos encontrar en la red plazas, forums, lobbies, barreras, puertas, cerraduras y clubs privados [9: 59] (via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Google Images&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). // “Now, as cyberspace cities emerge, a similar framework of distinctions and expectations is being constructed, and electronic plazas, forums, lobbies, walls, doors, locks, memebers-only clubs, and private rooms are being invented and deployed” [9: 59] (via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Google Images&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En los 50, el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneurismo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;deja paso a otra exploración urbana conocida como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;deriva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (“dérive”) desarrollado por los miembros de la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2010/03/construir-la-revuelta-carlos-verdaguer.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Internacional Situacionista&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Este movimiento fue el sucesor natural de la “visita” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%ADsmo&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;dadaísta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y la “deambulación” surrealista [2]. A través de la deriva urbana los situacionistas trataban de construir situaciones por las cuales &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ryanraffa.com/parsons/blog/images/09_fall/major_studio/finalproject/precedence/the-naked-city-1000.jpg&amp;amp;imgrefurl=http://paisajetransversal.tumblr.com/post/529369326/transforms-the-naked-city-guy-debord-1957&amp;amp;usg=__zTEHCT9enyjIPykK7dJdFQc5Mi8=&amp;amp;h=694&amp;amp;w=1000&amp;amp;sz=123&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;start=0&amp;amp;sig2=pbAnIdGxXZZBHnBIjc-ufw&amp;amp;tbnid=vpIBrSlYxSFSRM:&amp;amp;tbnh=129&amp;amp;tbnw=229&amp;amp;ei=XENgTIu0MoSkOPiyqL0J&amp;amp;prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnaked%2Bcity%2Bdebord%26um%3D1%26hl%3Des%26rlz%3D1C1CHMB_esGB346GB346%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D685%26tbs%3Disch:1&amp;amp;um=1&amp;amp;itbs=1&amp;amp;iact=hc&amp;amp;vpx=631&amp;amp;vpy=79&amp;amp;dur=944&amp;amp;hovh=187&amp;amp;hovw=270&amp;amp;tx=103&amp;amp;ty=93&amp;amp;oei=XENgTIu0MoSkOPiyqL0J&amp;amp;esq=1&amp;amp;page=1&amp;amp;ndsp=25&amp;amp;ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“desnudar” la ciudad convencional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, y de esta forma, construir territorios lúdicos, patios de recreo &quot;donde poder vivir colectivamente y en el cual experimentar comportamientos alternativos” [ibid]. Al contrario que los surrealistas, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Guy Debord&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y compañía aceptaban el azar pero no basaban la deriva principalmente en él [2]. Con unas pocas reglas pretendían &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;abrir posibilidades en estado latente a través de la intervención, la apropiación y el desciframiento del paisaje urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [4]. Los situacionistas representaban las derivas a través de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“mapas psicogeográficos”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; en los que ilustraban los flujos de experiencias y vivencias [ibid].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Guiando nuestros pasos a otro tema, el hecho de caminar es reconocido como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;una práctica de participación humana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; llevada a cabo simbólica y físicamente, la cual se puede entender como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;una exploración estética&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [ibid]. Phillips [10] explica que el caminar ha atraído a multitud de (anti) artistas por su inacabada naturaleza basada principalmente en el proceso y no el el propósito. Además ofrece una manera de escribir sobre el paisaje tanto natural como artificial sin prácticamente restricciones. Como dice Roelstraete [13:12-15] en su libro sobre la obra de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.richardlong.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Richard Long&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A line made by walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (1967), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“andar es un medio a través del cual se puede construir mundo pero a la vez poderlo habitar”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; “medir e incluso apropiarse de él”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Como dirían otros caminar puede entenderse como una manera radicalmente diferente, mucho más democrática de experimentar la ciudad. Esta tendencia artística ha sobrepasado fronteras, autores como Ulay, Wodiczko, Muller, Cardiff, Tiravanija y el propio Long llevan años creando arte a partir del acto humano más ordinario, andar, de esta forma su obra se añade a ese largo poema que son las mitologías del andar como la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dondecabeunocabentres.blogspot.com/2010/06/buen-camino.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;peregrinación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, las diásporas, y los mencionados &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneurismos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y derivas situacionistas [10].&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSqjr2TibQV54Gj6-QsT1wVR1s_gy5cRTKBD30NLFL47p3poA-ew&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSqjr2TibQV54Gj6-QsT1wVR1s_gy5cRTKBD30NLFL47p3poA-ew&quot; width=&quot;336&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A line made by walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (Richard Long, 1967). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“Andar puede considerarse como una acción artística, y por tanto, una línea creada al caminar podría ser una obra de arte”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [13: 5] (vía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nationalgalleries.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;National Galleries of Scotland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). // &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A line made by walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (Richard Long, 1967). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“Walking could be art, and that a line made by walking could be an artwork”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [13: 5] (via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nationalgalleries.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;National Galleries of Scotland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Todas estas corrientes culturales basados en la experimentación de la ciudad o el paisaje en general a través del caminar se encuentran en clara oposición a lo que se ha llamado la visión divina [3], &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%B3ptico&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la mirada panóptica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [5] o más recientemente la visión “zenithal” [4], la cual la urbe es observada y analizada a través de los cristales de la ventana del último piso del más alto rascacielos. La marcha a pie y la reflexión generados durante los paseos urbanos entonces contribuye al denominado &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;contradiscurso urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [14]. En este marco, Barthes [1982, citado en 7; 14] puntualiza que la ciudad sólo puede comprenderse enteramente de una forma etnográfica, es decir, caminándola, observándola de cerca, usándola… Wilson [1991, citado en 11] argumenta que al caminar los espacios urbano invocan recuerdos, un proceso al que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Proust&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Proust&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; denominó &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“memoria involuntaria”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Muchos académicos han apoyado esta tesis, Steve Pile [1997, citado en 11] por ejemplo, comenta que el andar permite viajar espacial y temporalmente. Para él, cada ángulo, cada nueva experiencia callejera, puede producir tanto una serie de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flashbacks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; flashforwards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; junto con realidades presentes. Además del componente psicológico del espacio urbano, la ciudad también se encuentra definida por su &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ritmo urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [8]. Como Highmore [2005: 141, citado en 8] resalta, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“el ritmo de paso es un ingrediente vital en cualquier experiencia urbana, sin importar lo rápido o lento que este sea”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. De hecho, la relación entre el tiempo y la práctica de caminar es no sólo la del tic-tac del reloj, sino que está constituida por múltiples y complejas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; temporalidades&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; a través de las cuales los ciudadanos experimentan sus trayectos [8: 1958].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;De Certau alienta a los viandantes a producir sus propios textos urbanos, a construir y ocupar el espacio urbano de las maneras más extrañas e inventivas posibles, para así, permitir desbloquear posibilidades anteriormente latentes, durmientes, con las que jugar a proyectar, representar la ciudad [14], algo que recuerda mucho al título de una de las primeras entradas de este blog: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;sembrar nuestras calles con potencial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. En esta misma línea argumental, Phillips [10] escribe que caminar es una actividad que abre horizontes para la exploración urbana pero que al mismo modo, consigue demostrar las limitaciones del paisaje urbano cotidiano. Entonces, quedándonos con la parte positiva, se podría decir que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“el discurso del caminante urbano &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://comocrearhistorias.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;crea historias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, inventa espacios, y abre las puertas de la ciudad, inundando la superficie urbana con una miríada de posibilidades tanto realizables como irrealizables, desencadenando un flujo de sentimientos y experiencias olvidadas tiempo atrás”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/el-largo-poema-del-caminar-long-poem-of.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Read in English…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The world is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“an enormous canvas on which to draw by walking. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2009/09/te-land-as-palimsest.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A surface that is not a white page&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, but an intricate design of historical and geographical &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;sedimentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; on which to simply add one more layer”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2: 150, italics mine]. From the ancient footprints of two &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Australopithecus afarensis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.com/maps?q=laetoli&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=laetoli&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Laetoli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (Tanzania) 3,4 millions of years ago to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCt1BwWE2gA&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the first steps of Neil Amstrong on the moon in 1969&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, human beings –and our recent ancestors- have written History by walking. In cities, walking has been the main way of transport until a very few years, supporting the foundations of mobility and urban interactions [12]. Nevertheless, walking –&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/andar-para-descifrar-el-paisaje-urbano.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;or writing on the urban landscape with our feet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- is not just a mode of travel through the city. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;One of the first figures to recognize this reality was the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Originally, this character emerged from the streets of Paris, late in the 19th century while the classic bohemia went into decline [17], and it is mainly known thanks to the analysis of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Charles Baudelaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Walter Benjamin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [Benjamin, 1983, cited in 15]. A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; was a idler or waster, but also an observer or detective of the urban scene [6]. He was an interesting social type because it points out the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“centrality of locomotion in social life”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, this &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“stroller is constantly invaded by new streams of experience and develops new perceptions as he moves through the urban landscape and crowds” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[ibid: 910]. Moreover, the street, according to Benjamin [1], leads the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; through a vanished time, a resonance or melody from an alternative past. But, in fact, it has been argued that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flânerie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; was not just the activity of strolling and looking, but also of writing and transforming the urban fabric [16]. In this respect, men such as Engels, Dickens and Mayhew were considered poets who tried to read the ‘illegible’ city, transforming its chaotic and haphazard narrative into an integrated, knowable and ordered social text [ibid]. Accordint to what it has been said in this paragraph, as Benjamin writes [1], &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.laciudadviva.org/blogs/?p=3400&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;cities are large deposits of history which can be read as a book if one is able to find the proper code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Eventually, with the arrival of the 20th century the presence of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; on the streets of the great European cities diminished because of two main factors: the decline of public space and the rise of traffic [6]. As a result, this urban explorer has been progressively substituted by others forms of public figures. A good example of this can be found in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; the contemporary shopping &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [ibid], an authentic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0113749/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mallrat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. A consumer who enjoys the liberty of mingling in the crowd and mixing with the world of good on display [Falk &amp;amp; Campbell, 1997, quoted in 6]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In recent years, as the textual city is being replaced by the hypertextual or data city, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a new electronic explorer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; now wanders through the avenues of the Internet. As Verilio [1997, quoted in 6] points out, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [computer]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; screen has become the city square”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Nowadays, in fact, computer networks become as essential to urban life as street systems [9]. It has been argued that there are two significant differences between the urban and the digital &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. The first is the dissimilarity in relation to speed and mobility. In contrast to the slow strolling of the conventional &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, who can walk through a few numbers of streets and always in the same city, the electronic version can “jump” from one street to another [6]. Indeed, the hop can be to another city [ibid]. This ‘hypermobility’ is known as surfing or surfing and it is based on the hyperlinked nature of the Internet. The second contrast is the scope and scale of the universe the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; inhabits [ibid]. On the one hand, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flânerie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; of the 19th century was limited by built environment and sometimes by social barriers as well. The ‘datascape’, on the other hand, is multilayered, almost infinite [ibid], but as in traditional cities, there are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/calles-con-libertad-de-movimiento-open.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;cultural, physical and socio-political obstacles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; for accessing to this new digital cityspace [9]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In the 1950s, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flânerie &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;is substituted by the concept of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;dérive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (“drift” or “drifting”) developed by the members of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2010/03/construir-la-revuelta-carlos-verdaguer.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Situationist International&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In fact, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;dérive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; was the immediately successor of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; “visit” and the Surrealism “deambulation” [2]. By walking the city or drifting, the Situationists attempted to construct situations as the means with which to strip the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.tumblr.com/post/529369326/transforms-the-naked-city-guy-debord-1957&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;naked city&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, but also a medium to construct a playful landscape, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“a space for collective living, for the experience of alternative behaviours”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [ibid: 108]. In contrast to the Surrealism, the dérive accepts chance, but is not based on it [2], with a few rules; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;they pretended to open up dormant potentialities of symbolic intervention and understanding urban landscape&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, not as data compilation but as an experience itself [4]. Situationists represented derives by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“psycogeographical maps”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; to illustrate these flows of subjective experiences [ibid] –the “psycogeography” will be analysed in further detail in a new post-.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;As Careri [ibid] points out, walking is itself &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a human participation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; performed symbolically and physically affecting city-life space; in fact, it is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;an aesthetic exploration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In this regard, Phillips [10] explains that walking has enchanted many (anti) artists because its process-based, participatory and unfinished nature, and as mentioned above, because it offers a way of ‘writing’ the urban and natural landscape that does not seen to be colonial, without regulatory air. Therefore, as Roelstraete [13: 13-15] notes in his essay about &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.richardlong.org/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Richard Long&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A line made by walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (1967), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“walking is a mode of making the world as well as being in it”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“both meausing the world and appropiating it”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, thus, the act of walking is considered &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“a radically different, more democratic experience of landscape”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In recent years, aside from Long, others land artists such as Ulay, Wodiczko, Muller, Cardiff, or Tiravanija have made ‘art’ out of the most ordinary of human practices, walking, and their work has added to other mythologies of walking such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dondecabeunocabentres.blogspot.com/2010/06/buen-camino.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pilgrimages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, diasporas, and the forementioned &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flâneurisms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;dérives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [10].      &lt;br /&gt;
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All these cultural movements based on experiencing the city by walking are in clear opposition of the god’s view [3],   &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panopticon&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;panoptic view&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [5] or ‘zenithal view’ [4] in which the city is observed from the window of the last store of the tallest skyscraper. The practice of walking and the reflection on urban walks thus contribute to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a counterdiscourse of the urban&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [14]. In this same sense, Barthes [1982, cited in 7; 14] indicates that a city can be known only ethnographically, namely, by walking, by sight, by habit… Wilson [1991, cited in 11] argues that walking in the city invokes memories, a process related with what &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Proust&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Proust&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; defined as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“mémoire involuntaire”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Many authors have supported this argument, Steve Pile [1997, cited in 11] for instance, says that walking allows one to travel in time and move through space. For him, each angle, each new experience on the streets, could produce multiple &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flashbacks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;flashforwards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; mixed with the present. In addition to spatial memories, the city is characterized as well by its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;rhythm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [8]. As Highmore [2005: 141, quoted in 8] highlights, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“rhythm in the form of pace is a crucial ingredient to any experience of the city, no matter how fast or slow that pace is”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In fact, the relationship between walking and time is not just one of clock-time passing, but is consituted by multiple &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;temporalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; which appear from and shape people’s experience on foot [8: 1958].     &lt;br /&gt;
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De Certau encourages walkers to be the producers of their own urban texts, to construct and occupy urban space inventively, to enable potentialities of re-presenting the city from the street [14], and as it has been argued in this blog,     &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;to irrigate street with potential&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Phillips [10] states that walking is an activity to open up inaccessible spaces to research but also is a mode which demonstrates the limitations of such space. Thus, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“the speech act of walking &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://comocrearhistorias.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;creates stories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, invent spaces, and opens up the city through of urban space permits a myriad of unrealized possibilities to surface, triggering emotions and feelings that may lie dormant in many people”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [14: 440]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Benjamin, W. 2002. From &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Arcades Project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Blackwell City Readier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 560 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Careri, F. 2009. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Walkscapes. El andar como práctica estética. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Walking as an aesthetic practice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Land&amp;amp;Scape Series. Ed. Gustavo Gili, 205 pp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3] Certeau, M. 2002. From &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Practice of Everyday Life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Blackwell City Readier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 560 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[4] Escobar, M.G. 2009. Derives and Social Aesthetics in the Cities: Urban Marks in El Raval de Barcelona, Spain. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Social Sciences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(2): 136-151.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[5] Faucault, M. 2002. From&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Blackwell City Readier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 560 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[6] Featherstone, M. 1998. The Flâneur , the City and Virtual Public Life. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Urban Studies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(5-6): 909-925. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[7] Fenton, J. 2005. Space, chance, time: walking backwards through the hours on the left and right banks of Paris. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Cultural Geographies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;: 412-428.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[8] Middleton, J. 2009. ‘Stepping in time’: walking, time, and space in the city. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Environment and Planning A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(8): 1943-1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[9] Mitchell, W.J. 2002. From &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;City of Bits: Space, Place and the Infobahn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Blackwell City Readier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 560 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[10] Phillips, A. 2005. Cultural geographies in practice: Walking and looking. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Cultural Geographies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;: 507-513.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[11] Pinder, D. 2001. Ghostly footsteps: voices, memories and walks in the city. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ecumene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(1): 1-19.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[12] Pozueta, J., Lamíquiz, F.J. &amp;amp; Porto, M. 2009. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La ciudad paseable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. CEDEX, 430 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[13] Roelstraete, D. 2010. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Richard Long: A Line Made by Walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Afterall Books, 86 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[14] Rossiter, B. &amp;amp; Gibson, K. 2003. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Walking and Performing “The City”: A Melbourne Chronicle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A Companion to the City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 640 pp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[15] Tester, K. 1994. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Flâneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Routledge, 205 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[16] Walkowitz, J.R. 2002. From &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Blackwell City Readier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 560 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[17] Wilson, E. 2002. From The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, the Control of Disorder, and Women&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Bridge, G. &amp;amp; Watson, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Blackwell City Readier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, 560 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/el-largo-poema-del-caminar-long-poem-of.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-587054111100363866</guid><pubDate>Wed, 04 Aug 2010 08:28:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T17:31:13.982+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><title>mapa de acceso a zonas verdes y servicios públicos // openspace and public services accessibility map</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín // by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7XI8Kb9AzpeC2tvHUXNxMexruMYyQmP83kxRfnIqg0iUrtgFohiuEjJ9dAPT_py_mOkAT5iBN7WSBbmryyn_HRqFzDSBOO-b9u9gA-3XTWwnvwLzof4fEhi2WjABZ-EngXWHyhdQn8mc/s1600/zonasverdesp%C3%BAblicasserviciosmapa.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7XI8Kb9AzpeC2tvHUXNxMexruMYyQmP83kxRfnIqg0iUrtgFohiuEjJ9dAPT_py_mOkAT5iBN7WSBbmryyn_HRqFzDSBOO-b9u9gA-3XTWwnvwLzof4fEhi2WjABZ-EngXWHyhdQn8mc/s320/zonasverdesp%C3%BAblicasserviciosmapa.jpg&quot; width=&quot;204&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa que muestra la localización de las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/mapa-de-las-zonas-verdes-y-plazas-open.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;zonas verdes y plazas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; de Zuera (en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;) así como los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/mapa-de-acceso-los-servicios-publicos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;servicios públicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; presentes en el pueblo (en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #8000ff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;púrpura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;). La ortofoto tomada del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sitar.aragon.es/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;SITAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; utilizada de fondo aunque es de muy buena calidad no es muy actual (las últimas actuaciones en &lt;i&gt;Zuera Sur&lt;/i&gt; y la ribera del Gállego no se habían acometido). // &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/mapa-de-las-zonas-verdes-y-plazas-open.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Openspace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;) and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/mapa-de-acceso-los-servicios-publicos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;public services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #8000ff;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;purple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;) accessibility map of Zuera. The aerial photo obtained from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sitar.aragon.es/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;SITAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; system although is quite good, it is not very updated (the last projects in &lt;i&gt;Zuera Sur&lt;/i&gt; and the riverside of the Gállego river had not performed).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/mapa-de-acceso-zonas-verdes-y-servicios.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7XI8Kb9AzpeC2tvHUXNxMexruMYyQmP83kxRfnIqg0iUrtgFohiuEjJ9dAPT_py_mOkAT5iBN7WSBbmryyn_HRqFzDSBOO-b9u9gA-3XTWwnvwLzof4fEhi2WjABZ-EngXWHyhdQn8mc/s72-c/zonasverdesp%C3%BAblicasserviciosmapa.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-521860832140246654</guid><pubDate>Fri, 30 Jul 2010 18:29:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:07:32.181+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><title>this street is “matadora”</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/andar-para-descifrar-el-paisaje-urbano.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;una entrada anterior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; cité una expresión realizada por una mujer haciendo referencia a la mala urbanización de la Calle Navas. En su día la traduje sabiendo que el resultado no captaba por completo ni su significado, valor o espontaneidad. De &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Esta calle es matadora”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; pasé a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“This street is killing me”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [algo así como “esta calle me está matando”]. Este terreno pantanoso es conocido como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;investigación intercultural y plurilingüe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y aunque presenta multitud de desafíos y obstáculos, una vez terminada los beneficios intelectuales y culturales son especialmente provechosos [4]. En las siguientes líneas trataré de explicar tanto los retos como las oportunidades que puedo suponer realizar un proyecto en dos diferentes países, con dos diferentes y dos diferentes lenguas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;idiomas o lenguas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;son un tema complicado en ciencia, debido a ello los investigadores deben tener extremo cuidado a la hora de tratar con él. De forma general, el lenguaje que se puede leer en los escritos científicos es un lenguas que exacto y bien definido, por tanto, no muestra su verdadera naturaleza, la cual está definida principalmente por &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;una inherente incertidumbre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [3]. Esta variabilidad e imprevisibilidad se puede encontrar en diferentes escalas temporales, y por esta razón, se dice que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;los idiomas son entidades vivas en continua evolución&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; debido a su intensivo uso diario [ibid]. De acuerdo con Watson [10], las expresiones y palabras pueden cambiar sus significados con el paso del tiempo. A esta variación temporal hay que unir la espacial, ya que ciertas palabras pueden tener diferentes valores y/o significados dependiendo de la sociedad o comunidad en la que nos encontramos. A parte de la mutación del propio idioma, algo mucho más importante a tener en cuenta es que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“el cambio de idioma también nos cambia a nosotros mismos” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(Rushdie, 2002, citado en [11]), cambia nuestra personalidad. Así pues, el uso diferencial de un idioma puede determinar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;la posicionalidad y la identidad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; del científico en cuestión [3, 4]. De hecho, las relaciones entre el geógrafo y su universo de estudio no son estáticas y éste necesita encontrar un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“espacio posicional”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; adecuado para generar una &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;arena &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;donde promover confianza y cooperación [6] en la cual poder llevar a cabo su investigación. Por lo tanto lo importante es reconocer que el idioma &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“no es un mero instrumento neutral de comunicación”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [2, 7], sino también un medio por el cual uno vive y se relaciona con su ambiente cercano y que a través del cual pueden surgir situaciones de fricción. Debido a esto, algunos académicos apuntan a que el idioma tiene una gran influencia tanto en la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/naturaleza-urbana-al-alcance-de-todos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;accesibilidad a servicios públicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; como en la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;participación ciudadana en la vida urbana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [10]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/hensel_1741.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/hensel_1741.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mapa de los idiomas de Europa en 1741 [vía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://anggarrgoon.wordpress.com/2008/01/20/de-differentiis-linguarum/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Anggarrgoon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;]. Map of the languages of Europe in 1741 [via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://anggarrgoon.wordpress.com/2008/01/20/de-differentiis-linguarum/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Anggarrgoon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Posiblemente la parte más importante en lo que concierne a la investigación entre diferentes lenguas y culturas es la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;traducción&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; y lo que denomina &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;transferencia de significado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Como muy bien define Müller [5], traducir es un proceso complejo, político y muy subjetivo. Él basa su argumento en la idea de que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;cada lengua estructura el mundo de forma alternativa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y que al traducir de una a otra no se consigue transmitir la riqueza y diversidad de cualquier expresión, y por tanto, alcanzar una entera equivalencia es un mito. La misma lectura la encontramos en los textos de Smith [9], el cual resalta la importancia de interpretar la traducción como la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;comparación entre dos diferentes autenticidades&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; y que la transferencia de significado se da, por tanto, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;entre un momento en el espacio y en el tiempo y otro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (recuérdese que las lenguas están en continua evolución). Escapando un poco de estos conceptos tan abstractos, Smith [8] aboga por la creación de espacios &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;in-between&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [intermedios], los cuales deben actuar como plataformas de entendimiento entre culturas e idiomas. Estos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;espacios híbridos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, por tanto, pueden desplazar asunciones hechas por el geógrafo tales como que su lenguaje (generalmente el inglés) es claro y adecuado [ibid: 163]. Algunas palabras “extranjeras” deberían mantenerse en los textos en inglés académico para intentar incorporar alguno de los múltiples significados y sutilezas [ibid], y de esta forma crear estos espacios mixtos. En este sentido, es de vital importancia aplicar estas arenas fronterizas en lo referente a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;las metáforas locales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Estos recursos lingüísticos generalmente son usados para asistir en la enseñanza, especialmente en la explicación de conceptos complicados, y sirven para aclarar e iluminar argumentos [ibid]. Según Bracken y Oughton [3], el problema principal de las metáforas es que para poder entenderlas plenamente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;es necesario que las personas compartan el marco donde han sido creadas y utilizadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;En nuestro caso, con “Esta calle es matadora” (“This Street is killing me”) estamos tratando con una metáfora. En este sentido, la traducción inglesa podría sugerir que la calle “está matando” a la persona que pronuncia la frase. Lógicamente la calle no está matando a nadie, lo que realmente nos está diciendo es que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;las características de la vía hacen la vida imposible a los ciudadanos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; o que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pasear por ella es un infierno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Como se ha dicho repetidas veces en este texto, estas definiciones (aunque sean nuevas metáforas) no consiguen mantener el verdadero significado y valor de la frase en cuestión. Por tanto, la (posible) mejor solución es mantener la palabra clave de la expresión: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“matadora”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;; junto con una o dos definiciones como las apuntadas unas líneas más arriba. Al realizar esta operación estamos creando un espacio híbrido [8], y de este modo, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“generar potenciales donde poder abrir nuevos horizontes de conocimiento, y por consiguiente fomentar un acercamiento o entendimiento entre lenguas y culturas”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [4]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Me gustaría añadir que los mapas también pueden ser considerados como metáforas [1], pero eso es otra historia…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/this-street-is-matadora.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Read in English…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/andar-para-descifrar-el-paisaje-urbano.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a former post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; I commented an expression said by a woman in relation to the bad urbanism of the Navas Street. I did translate the whole sentence but knowing that the equivalence was not total and the specific meaning had changed. The aforementioned sentence was &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Esta calle es matadora”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and my attempt of translation was &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“This street is killing me”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. In this regard, doing research in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;intercultural and multilingual &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;settings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; is known to be very challenging but, on the other hand, it can be intellectually highly rewarding task [4]. In the following lines I will try to explain the challenges as well as the opportunities of conducting a research in two different languages and societies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Language &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;is a complex and dangerous entity. Because of this, researchers should take into account several key issues concerning the use of language in science. Generally the language used by them seems certain and well defined, rather than showing the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;uncertainty and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;fuzzy boundaries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; which actually represent it [3]. It has been argued that they are&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; living things and evolve in everyday use&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [ibid]. In this respect, expressions and words, according to Watson [10], change in their meanings over time. What is more, words are signifiers which can be surrounded by new meanings, and which can mean different things to different people in a community. But even more importantly is that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“the change of language change us”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (Rushdie 2002, cited in [10]), it changes our personality. Consequently, the different use of language may determine the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;positionality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;identity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; of the researcher [3, 4]. These relations [between the researcher and the context or the researched] are not static, and researchers need to find the suitable &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“positional space”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; in order to generate an &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;arena&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; where foster trust and co-operation [6]. It is essential to highlight that language is, thus, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“not simply a neutral medium of communication”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [2, 7], but also a means through which we live. As a result, it can generate friction situations. In fact, it has been said that language influences both &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/naturaleza-urbana-al-alcance-de-todos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;accessibility to public services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;participation in urban life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [10]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Maybe the key action involving intercultural and multilingual research is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; the transferring of meaning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. According to Müller [5], translation is a complex, political and subjective process. He goes by arguing that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;different languages structure the reality in alternative ways&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and translations generally suffer from not being able to transmit the richness and diversity of connotations, and hence, it is impossible to achieve &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;full equivalence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; of meaning in translation. Further, it is important to point out that the transferring of meaning is made &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;from one time-space into another&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, and therefore, translation involves the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;comparison between two different authenticities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [5, 9]. For this reason, Smith [8] claims for ‘in-between’ spaces which eventually generate understanding across different cultures and languages. The so-called &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;hybrid spaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, thus, should play the role of decentring and displacing the assumption that the researchers’ language is clear in its meaning [ibid: 163]. Some foreign words should be maintained in English academic texts in order to attempt to incorporate some of the multiple meanings, nuances and subtleties that imbued in them [ibid]. Creating hybrid spaces could really important is we deal with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;metaphors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Generally, these linguistic devices are used to assist in teaching and explaining concepts, and serve to clarify and illuminate an argument [ibid]. The problem with methapors, as noted by Bracken and Oughton [3], is that in order to understand them people should &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;share the context where they are used&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In our case, with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Esta calle es matadora”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“This Street is killing me&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;), we are dealing with a metaphor. The street is unable to kill someone. Herein the sentences are “telling” us that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the street makes pedestrians’ life impossible &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;walking through that particular street is a real hell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. As mentioned above, all these attempts to translation fail to maintain the true meaning of the expression, and hence, the best solution is to retain the key word of the metaphor: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“matadora”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;; and also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;attach one or two explanations like the two which are mentioned two lines above. In doing so, we are creating new (hybrid) spaces of insight meaning [8]. As pointed out by Crane and colleagues [4], &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“these ruptures in knowledge &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[the generation of hybrid spaces]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; have the potential to open up new horizons, and one must allow for these and explore them further in order to create greater understanding”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;I would like to add that maps can also be metaphors (Wurman, 2010 cited in [1]). But that is another story…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[1] Amoroso, N. 2010. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The exposed city: mapping the urban invisibles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. First Edition, Routledge, 176 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[2] Blomley, N. 2008. The spaces of critical geography. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Progress in Human Geography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(2): 285-293. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[3] Bracken, L.J. &amp;amp; Oughton, E.A. 2006. What do you mean? The importance of language in developing interdisciplinary research. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(3): 371-382.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[4] Crane, L.G., Lombard, M.B, &amp;amp; Tenz, E.M. 2009. More than just translation: challenges and opportunities in intercultural and multilingual research. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Social Geography Discussions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 51-70.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[5] Müller, M. 2007. What’s in a word? Problematizing translation between languages. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(2): 206-213.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[6] Mullings, B. 1999. Insider or outsider, both or neither: some dilemmas of interviewing in a cross-cultural setting. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Geoforum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 337-350.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[7] Sakho, H. 2003. Looking deep into the surface: critical thinking and uncritical geography. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Environment and Planning D: Society and Space&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 142-147.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[8] Smith, F. 1996. Problematising language: limitations and possibilities in ‘foreign language’ research. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 160-166.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[9] Smith, F. 2003. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Working in Different Cultures&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. In: Clifford, N. &amp;amp; Valentine, G. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Key Methods in Geography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Sage, London. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[10] Watson, E. 2004. What a dolt one is? Language learning and fieldwork in geography. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Area&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 59-68.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/this-street-is-matadora.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-6678587325713684375</guid><pubDate>Wed, 21 Jul 2010 16:50:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:08:10.231+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><title>naturaleza urbana al alcance de todos // access to urban openspace &amp;amp; greenspace</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;David Harvey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ray Pahl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; fueron los primeros geógrafos urbanos en apuntar la estrecha &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;relación entre la distribución de los recursos y servicios públicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;y lo que se denomina la justicia social&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; en las ciudades contemporáneas [8, 16]. Ambos autores estaban interesados en la estructura urbana y el planeamiento urbanístico, los cuales generalmente crean tanto limitaciones espaciales como sociales respecto a las oportunidades para acceder a servicios como la educación, la seguridad social, el trabajo o la vivienda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Uno de estos recursos urbanos que está empezando a recibir cada vez más atención es el tema del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;acceso a zonas verdes o de recreo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, ya que con el paso del tiempo los ciudadanos de las grandes ciudades se han visto cada vez más aisladas de la naturaleza en todas sus formas [19]. En este sentido, existe una creciente literatura académica que resalta la importancia que reside en poder estar en contacto con “lo verde”. Parques, jardines, huertos y otras zonas verdes pueden representar un importante papel a la hora de mejorar la calidad de vida de sus comunidades urbanas [2, 3].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhifn6AyoPftnt02FW3znrAaYVlwSejqYL_4vFVvYGOalfR24Iy8n6oM1AlnNTxAeTB23WB6cGZf32doze6xB3DAN_DlUPnsn2-T42b5je448QJX_MWGpzyFJHTj2L8lnj-B8awOoBZMxA/s1600/CIMG4969.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhifn6AyoPftnt02FW3znrAaYVlwSejqYL_4vFVvYGOalfR24Iy8n6oM1AlnNTxAeTB23WB6cGZf32doze6xB3DAN_DlUPnsn2-T42b5je448QJX_MWGpzyFJHTj2L8lnj-B8awOoBZMxA/s400/CIMG4969.JPG&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dos niños jugando en el Parque de las Balsas. // Two children playing in the Balsas Park.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Por un lado, se ha argumentado que el poder disfrutar de tener acceso a una zona verde cerca de tu lugar de residencia tiene &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;beneficios psicológicos y relacionados con la salud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [11]. Entre estos últimos podemos encontrar que los pacientes&amp;nbsp; con vistas a paisajes naturales se recuperan más rápido de un postoperatorio, también se ha testado que andar por la naturaleza induce un estado mental positivo, y más importante (debido al estilo de vida urbana que llevamos), estar en contacto con la naturaleza reduce el estrés [2, 7, 10, 16]. La naturaleza urbana también es capaz de generar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;beneficios sociales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; como promover la integración social y la cohesión de comunidad [4, 20]. Muchos de estos efectos positivos provienen de lo que se han denominado &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;servicios ecosistémicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [1], tales como mejorar el microclima urbano [15], reducir el ruido y la contaminación ambiental [5, 17], y por último, permitir disfrutar de los valores que presenta la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;biodiversidad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; urbana [17]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pero por otro lado, se ha demostrado que los espacios verdes no siempre actúan como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;válvulas de escape&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; en las sociedades urbanas [14]. De hecho, estas entidades urbanas son considerados sistemas altamente complejos y dinámicos [22] cuyo funcionamiento depende de sus propiedades intrínsecas, pero también de los contextos sociales, espaciales y temporales en los que están enmarcados [12]. Una buena buena definición podría sacarse a través de una mezcla de Hemingway y Jacobs: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;los parques y plazas no son islas, completas en sí mismas, estos espacios son pedazos del continente urbano al que pertenecen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Las zonas verdes, por tanto, como otras entidades urbanas, actúan y funcionan en relación a fuerzas mucho mayores originadas a nivel de calle, vecindario, distrito e incluso de la propia ciudad [6, 18].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Entradas y páginas webs relacionadas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/mapa-de-acceso-los-servicios-publicos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mapa de acceso a los servicios públicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/mapa-de-las-zonas-verdes-y-plazas-open.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mapa de las zonas verdes y plazas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Album de fotos de las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/48619901@N06/sets/72157624042561983/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;zonas verdes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/48619901@N06/sets/72157624064845657/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;plazas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/48619901@N06/sets/72157624015501471/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ribera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; de Zuera en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Flickr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/naturaleza-urbana-al-alcance-de-todos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Read in English…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6181745882596669866&amp;amp;postID=6678587325713684375&quot; name=&quot;more&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;David Harvey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ray Pahl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; were the first authors to point out the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;relationship between social justice and the spatial distribution of urban resources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; like public squares, cafes, libraries, hospitals… [8, 16]. Both were concerned with the urban structure and planning, which create social and spatial constraints in relation to opportunity for accessing to education, healthcare, work or housing. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In this respect, one of the most important urban resources is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;accessibility to openspace and green areas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Accessing to natural areas within cities has become a very important issue due to the fact that urban residents are progressively isolating from nature in all its form, thus living in a concrete and glass world [19]. There is an increasing academic body of literature indicating that contact with nature has a positive effect on urban dwellers. Urban parks, gardens, allotments and other green spaces can play an important role promoting the quality of life of urban communities [2, 3].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;First, it has been argued that access to these conspicuous elements of the urban landscape is associated with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;health and psychological benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [11]. Among these, it can be included aiding recovery from surgery, inducing positive states of mind and stress reduction [2, 7, 10, 16]. Secondly, the presence of nature in cities may also offer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;social benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; such as promoting social integration and enhancing community cohesion [4, 20]. Many of these positive effects come from the so-called &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ecosystem services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [1], &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;inter alia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, urban green areas are known for improving their urban microclimate [15], reducing noise and pollution [5, 17], and allowing people to enjoy the essential values of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;biodiversity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [17]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In contrast, it has been stated that urban greenspaces do not always play the role of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;gateway&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; for urban societies [14]. Indeed, they are dynamic and complex systems [22] which depend on their inherent nature as well as their spatial, temporal and social context [12]. Quoting (and modifying a little) the famous cite at the begining of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;For whom the bell tolls &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[9]: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;public parks are not islands, entire of themselves; greenspaces are pieces of the urban fabric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Parks, thus like other public entities, are acted upon and function in response to larger-scale forces originating within the surrounding neighborhoods [6, 18].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Related posts and links:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/mapa-de-acceso-los-servicios-publicos.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Map of access to public services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/mapa-de-las-zonas-verdes-y-plazas-open.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Open space and greenspace map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/48619901@N06/sets/72157624042561983/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Greenspace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/48619901@N06/sets/72157624064845657/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Openspace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/photos/48619901@N06/sets/72157624015501471/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Riverscape&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Photo Albums in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flickr.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Flickr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Bolund, P. &amp;amp; Hunhammar, S. 1999. Ecosystem services in urban areas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ecol. Econ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 293–301.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Burgess, J., Harrison, C.M. &amp;amp; Limb,M. 1988. People, parks and the urban green: a study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Urban Stud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 455–473.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3] Chiesura, A. 2004. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc. Urban Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 129–138.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[4] Coley, R., Kuo, F. &amp;amp; Sullivan, W. 1997. Where does community grow? The social context created by nature in urban public housing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Environ. Behav&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 468–494.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[5] Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, A., &amp;amp; Ohrström, E. 2007. Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc. Urban Plan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;83&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 115–126.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[6] Gobster, P.H. 1998. Urban parks as green walls or green magnets? Interracial relations in neighbourhood boundary parks. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc. Urban Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 43–55.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[7] Hartig, T. &amp;amp; Fransson, U. 2009. Leisure home ownership, access to nature, and health: a longitudinl study of urban residents in Sweden. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Env. Plan. A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 82–96.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[8] Harvey, D. 1988. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Social Justice and the City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, Oxford, 336 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[9] Hemingway, E. 1995. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;For whom the ring tolls&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Scribner Paperback Fiction, 471 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[10] Hull, R.B. 1992. Brief encounters with urban forests produce moods that matter. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;J. Arboric.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(6), 322–324.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[11] Jackson, L.E. 2003. The relationship of urban design to human health and condition. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc. Urban Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 191–200.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[12] Jacobs, J. 1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The death and life of great American cities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Random House, 624 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[13] Jorgensen, A., Hitchmough, J. &amp;amp; Calvert,T. 2002. Woodland spaces and edges: their impact on perception of safety and preference. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc. Urban Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 135–150.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[14] Madge, C. 1997. Public parks and the geography of fear. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geogra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ﬁ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;88&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(3), 237–250.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[15] Oke, T.R. 1989. The micrometeorology of the urban forest. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;324&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 335–349.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[16] Pahl, R. 1976. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Whose City?: And Further Essays on Urban Society&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Penguin Group, USA, 306 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[16] Parsons, R., Tassinary, L.G., Ulrich, R.S., Hebl, M.R. &amp;amp; Grossman-Alexander, M. 1998.The view from the road: implications for stress recovery and immunisation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;J. Environ. Psychol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 113–139.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[17] Scott, K.I., Simpson, J.R. &amp;amp; McPherson, E.G. 1999. Effects of tree cover on parking lot microclimate and vehicle emissions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;J. Arboric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(3), 129–142.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[18] Solecki, W.D. &amp;amp; Welch, J.M. 1995. Urban parks: green spaces or green walls? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc. Urban Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 93–106.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[19] Spirn, A.W. 1984. &quot;City and Nature&quot; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Wheeler, S. &amp;amp; Beatley, 2003. The sustainable urban development reader. Second Edition, Routledge, London, 494 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[20] Taylor, A.F., Wiley, A.R., Kuo, F.E. &amp;amp; Sullivan,W.C. 1998. Growing up in the city - green spaces as places to grow. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Environ. Behav&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(1), 3–27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[21] Ulrich, R.S. 1984. View through a window may inﬂuence recovery from surgery. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;224&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 420–421.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[22] Ward Thompson, C. 2002. Urban open space in the 21st century. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landsc.Urban Plan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 59–72.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/naturaleza-urbana-al-alcance-de-todos.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhifn6AyoPftnt02FW3znrAaYVlwSejqYL_4vFVvYGOalfR24Iy8n6oM1AlnNTxAeTB23WB6cGZf32doze6xB3DAN_DlUPnsn2-T42b5je448QJX_MWGpzyFJHTj2L8lnj-B8awOoBZMxA/s72-c/CIMG4969.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-8260363130880197442</guid><pubDate>Wed, 21 Jul 2010 14:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:08:40.814+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><title>mapa de acceso y movilidad para discapacitados // disabled accessibility &amp;amp; walkability maps</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín // by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgId8S_uDMabV1xgixQ6wZioX2Ir03Zij17_vh6-96Q6WBg40IZlW6rjFAHr6RqfnuuHESrUCqjZqMVVksiZD2HxqisGbRkQGxVRqAaHttkwiYDiAjRHNBC0ADVTSrnzMRWvWA7JEz9Tn8/s1600/DAI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgId8S_uDMabV1xgixQ6wZioX2Ir03Zij17_vh6-96Q6WBg40IZlW6rjFAHr6RqfnuuHESrUCqjZqMVVksiZD2HxqisGbRkQGxVRqAaHttkwiYDiAjRHNBC0ADVTSrnzMRWvWA7JEz9Tn8/s320/DAI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbqHQfNMcRi-cztlpQGbh2uInFUCrXlxbNaW7dEeWGSOY7DjxSWhP1jXV1MC_keP80KC_w2y2X4ahAJCabTiBl_9AKoiLdk_LneS6UyLIEeH7wlw1V5J0YJWoG_UPZewxnkekgHQ1-eD0/s1600/DWI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbqHQfNMcRi-cztlpQGbh2uInFUCrXlxbNaW7dEeWGSOY7DjxSWhP1jXV1MC_keP80KC_w2y2X4ahAJCabTiBl_9AKoiLdk_LneS6UyLIEeH7wlw1V5J0YJWoG_UPZewxnkekgHQ1-eD0/s320/DWI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mapas de acceso (arriba) y movilidad (abajo) para discapacitados en la villa de Zuera.&lt;/strong&gt; El &lt;em&gt;mapa de acceso&lt;/em&gt; representa la existencia (en &lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;) o ausencia (en &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;rojo&lt;/span&gt;) de estructuras de accesibilidad (rampas poco pronunciadas, pavimento rugoso y coloreado… ) para discapacitados. El &lt;em&gt;mapa de movilidad&lt;/em&gt; muestra un gradiente de capacidad de movilidad (de &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;rojo&lt;/span&gt; a &lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;, de negativo a positivo), se calculó sumando el estado y anchura de la acera, y restando la existencia de barreras arquitectónicas y pendiente (estos últimos parámetros multiplicados por 3). // Accessibility (above) and walkability (below) maps of the village of Zuera. On the one hand, the &lt;em&gt;accessibility map&lt;/em&gt; represents the presence (in &lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;green&lt;/span&gt;) or ausence (in &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;red&lt;/span&gt;) of street structures of disabled accessibility (curb cuts, smooth pavement, colours… ). The &lt;em&gt;map of mobility&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, shows a gradient of capacity of movements (from &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;red &lt;/span&gt;to &lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;green&lt;/span&gt;). It has been calculated adding the values of sidewalk conditions and width and subtracting the values of physical barriers and slope (these two latters multiplied by 3).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Páginas webs relacionadas: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wheelmap.org/&quot;&gt;wheelmap.org&lt;/a&gt; // Related webs: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wheelmap.org/&quot;&gt;wheelmap.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/mapa-de-acceso-y-movilidad-para.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgId8S_uDMabV1xgixQ6wZioX2Ir03Zij17_vh6-96Q6WBg40IZlW6rjFAHr6RqfnuuHESrUCqjZqMVVksiZD2HxqisGbRkQGxVRqAaHttkwiYDiAjRHNBC0ADVTSrnzMRWvWA7JEz9Tn8/s72-c/DAI.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-4512559580919259870</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Jul 2010 14:21:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:09:04.802+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>mapa de acceso a los servicios públicos // map of access to public service</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín // by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;object align=&quot;middle&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; id=&quot;smwidget&quot; width=&quot;550&quot;&gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;FlashVars&quot; value=&quot;d=true&amp;amp;l=true&amp;amp;z=true&amp;amp;id=e13NH2p8LE&amp;amp;p=true&amp;amp;mt=false&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;quality&quot; value=&quot;high&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot; FlashVars=&quot;d=true&amp;l=true&amp;z=true&amp;id=e13NH2p8LE&amp;p=true&amp;mt=false&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; name=&quot;smwidget&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; allowFullScreen=&quot;true&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; pluginspage=&quot;http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/object&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mapa de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;acceso a los&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;servicios públicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; de Zuera. [hecho con &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro.scribblemaps.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ScribbleMaps Pro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;] // Map of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;access to public services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; in Zuera. [made with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro.scribblemaps.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ScribbleMaps Pro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/mapa-de-acceso-los-servicios-publicos.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-7537718845780719714</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Jul 2010 11:13:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T17:37:04.142+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><title>calles con libertad de movimiento // open-mobility streets</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Todos deberíamos poder participar en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;el ballet de la calle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: hombres, mujeres, niños, mayores y por supuesto, también personas con movilidad reducida. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/coreografias-para-la-calle-mayor.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nuestras coreografías&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, por tanto, deberían incluir todo tipo de movimientos. En este sentido, se debe pasar de un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://twitter.com/agpublic&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;urbanismo unidireccional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; donde a los ciudadanos se nos obliga a transitar por un recorrido predeterminado, a otro con libertad de movimiento, en cual este último es entendido como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“una realidad caótica, impredecible, diversa y mutable”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [1]. En teoría, tanto la movilidad es un derecho que debería potenciarse en las calles, ya que es una propiedad inherentemente buena, una práctica que significa tanto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;un fin en sí misma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, pero también, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;un medio para alcanzar un fin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y por tanto, una llave que abre multitud de oportunidades [2].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3fGihXQ95cHpLgPWjQZa0_KMgXRZn07_gfP2c2LgKbKpJZP7XD6BohTarXIOyDrmuiNbkJJfGtVp8GMAXS1GrX1U719DynkpZr5bkKa9mT465GDQgdLV0SEWs0pu6X4yWu2sau_ttg2c/s1600/73-6774d2f17e.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;292&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3fGihXQ95cHpLgPWjQZa0_KMgXRZn07_gfP2c2LgKbKpJZP7XD6BohTarXIOyDrmuiNbkJJfGtVp8GMAXS1GrX1U719DynkpZr5bkKa9mT465GDQgdLV0SEWs0pu6X4yWu2sau_ttg2c/s400/73-6774d2f17e.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Abuelos jugando a la petanca en la plaza de la Telefónica de Zuera. // Old men playing “petanca” in the so-called Telefónica square of Zuera. [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El problema es que hoy en día la mayoría de nuestras calles se han convertido en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;carreras de obstáculos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[3], especialmente para las personas mayores o las que presentan alguna discapacidad [4]. Estas trabas o impedimentos están generadas tanto por barreras físicas o arquitectónicas como sociales [10], pero como Massey [5] apunta, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“lo social y lo espacial están mutuamente entrelazados”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y por consiguiente, el espacio debe ser entendido como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“un importante constituyente de los procesos socio-espaciales y culturales”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; que se dan en las ciudades. De esta manera la geografía urbana puede ser entendida como un conjunto de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“espacios producidos”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“espacios de poder”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6], entonces ciertas calles de Zuera podrían ser ejemplos de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“microgeografías de exclusión o discapacidad”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [7, 9], es decir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“diseños apartheids”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [9] en los cuales personas con diversas discapacitadas quedarían excluidas social y físicamente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para muchas personas discapacitadas, el acceso a ciertos lugares es una parte fundamental del cómo se ven reconocidos e identificados en su vida diaria [3]. Por esta razón, los diseños de calles con poca “accesibilidad” podrían tildarse como símbolos de opresión social al limitar la capacidad de este sector de la población para participar de forma &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;completa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; en la vida urbana [10]. Estos paisajes “discapacitantes” derivan de la concepción histórica que los arquitectos e ingenieros de nuestros edificios y calles tienen del cuerpo humano, ya que la mayoría de las teorías y prácticas arquitectónicas más importantes fallan al no reconocer la diversidad física y psicológica de las personas [11].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;img height=&quot;480&quot; src=&quot;http://www.citrinitas.com/history_of_viscom/images/masters/1vitruviu.jpg&quot; style=&quot;display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; width=&quot;344&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El hombre de Vitruvio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (Da Vinci, 1487) es el ejemplo por excelencia del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=WTtTiG4eda0C&amp;amp;dq=gould+human+mismeasure+book&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ei=YcU9TPTvMdW6jAepha35Aw&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=1&amp;amp;ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;hombre como medida de Dios&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, y precursor de la concepción en arquitectura del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“cuerpo normal”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, en el que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“el cuerpo es entendido como un perfecto microcosmos, y por tanto, su figura debía utilizarse para diseñar la realidad acorde a su composición, proporción y harmonía”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6]. Lefebvre, por el contrario, rechazaba esta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;racionalidad cartesiana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; ya que se olvida tanto de la diversidad del cuerpo como del contexto que lo rodea, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“los cuerpos se parecen entre sí, pero las diferencias que mantienen son más acusadas que sus similitudes”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6, 11]. [vía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pacogonzalez.info/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pacogonzalez&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;] // The Vitruvius Man (Da Vinci, 1487) is the best example of &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=WTtTiG4eda0C&amp;amp;dq=gould+human+mismeasure+book&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ei=YcU9TPTvMdW6jAepha35Aw&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=1&amp;amp;ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA&quot;&gt;the human measure and scale of God&lt;/a&gt;, and the precursor of the architecture’s conception of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“normal body”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, in which &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“the body was conceived of as a perfect microcosm, or as the figural basis by which to design with compositional, proportional and harmonic authority”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6]. Lefebvre, by contrast, rejects this Cartesian rationality as “narrow and desiccated” due to the fact that it neglects both the diversity of human bodies and the context where they live, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“bodies resemble each other, but the differences between them are more striking than the similarities”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6, 11]. [via &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pacogonzalez.info/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pacogonzalez&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por el contrario, poco a poco tanto académicos como profesionales están abogando por una &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“arquitectura sensible a la diversidad humana”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6, 11, 12, 13, 14]. De acuerdo con Imrie [11], ésta debe ser reflexiva y de “mente abierta&quot;, sin bordes, límites ni limitaciones, sensible a todas las diferentes “corporalidades” humanas. Dicho autor esgrime que “lo social” debería ser el punto de palanca en el cual apoyar el diseño de nuestras ciudades y las prácticas y políticas urbanas, un punto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“donde la estética y la práctica, el sujeto y el objeto, y el cuerpo y la mente puedan encontrarse&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Como resultado esto obliga no sólo a reparar el diseño de las calles y su urbanismo, sino también ha incorporar las denominadas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“voces de los discapacitados”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; en los procesos de toma de decisiones que tengan relación con su rutina urbana [15].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De acuerdo con todo lo dicho en los párrafos anteriores, si se pretende mejorar la calidad de las calles de Zuera y por tanto la calidad de vida de sus habitantes, es necesario llevar a cabo dos actuaciones complementarias. La primera, básica, sería resolver los problemas asociados al paisaje físico de aquellas calles que no promuevan la libertad de movimientos, y en segundo lugar, se tendrán en cuanta las necesidades de un diversidad humana presente en las calles a través de procesos de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;participación ciudadana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, en los cuales se potencie los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“derechos de los diferentes”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [16].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/calles-con-libertad-de-movimiento-open.html&quot;&gt;Read in English…&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Everyone should be able to participate in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the street ballet dance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: men, women, children, elderly and disabled people. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/coreografias-para-la-calle-mayor.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Our new coreographies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; should include all kind of movements. We must move from a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://twitter.com/agpublic&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“passage-point urbanism”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; to an open mobility one, that is to say that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;mobility ought to be conceived as “a messy, unpredictable, diverse and changeable reality”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; rather than a “predictable and purpuseful” range of trips, origins and destinations [1]. In theory, movement and mobility are rights that should be enabled and promoted in the streets, they are intrinsically ‘good things’; practices which ought to be propagated as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;end in themselves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, but also, they can be seen as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a means to and end&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and a mechanism for opening up opportunities [2]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The problem is that nowadays the majority of the streets are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;obstacle courses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; wich prevent easy movement [3], especially for disabled people, many of whom are elderly [4]. These obstacles are made by both physical and social barriers [10], but for us, as Massey [5] notes, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“the social and the spatial are mutually entwined”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, and hence, space should be conceived &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“as an important constituent of socio-spatial and cultural processes”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Furthermore, according to Lefebvre’s understanding of urban geography can be seen as a mix of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘produced spaces’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; or spaces that were &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘landscapes of power’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6]. Thus, some streets of Zuera can be “good” examples of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘geographies of exclusion’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [7], &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘design apartheids’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [8] or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘microgeographies of disability’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [9], in which disabled people are socially and physically excluded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;For many disabled people, access to specific spaces in cities is a consitutive part of how they come to be definde and recognised [3]. Therefore, the inaccesible design of our streets can be understood as a symbol of social oppression because it reduces the ability of these peope to participate &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;fully&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; in urban life [10]. These disabling landscapes derive from the architect’s conception of the human body. It has been argued that the most influential architectural theories and practices fail to recognise bodily and psicological diversity [11]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;By contrast, there is an increasing body of literature to claim for a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“bodily sensitised architecture”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [6, 11, 12, 13, 14]. According to Imrie [11], an &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘open-minded’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and reflexive architecture is needed, without borders or boundaries, and sensitised to the corporealities of the body. He goes on by arguing that it is necessary recentring of ‘the social’ at the fulcrum of design theory and urban practices, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“whereby the aesthetic and the practical, the subject and the object, and the body and the mind are brought together”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. This eventually calls for the incorporation of a stronger &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘disabled voices’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; in the decision-making processes affecting the life circumstances of disabled people [15]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Therefore, if street quality is to be improved, there are two complementary process to tankle. First, poor street conditions for walking should be solved, and secondly, this must be linked to a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;partocipatory analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; of the individuated needs, as well as the protection of “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the rights of difference”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; [16]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Huxley, M. 1997. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ecologically sustainable cities, environmentally friendly transport or just ‘more work for mother’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Conferences proceedings Women on the move TransAdclaide, 1-4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Imrie, R. 2000. Disability and discourses of mobility and movement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Environment and Planning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; 32: 1641-1656.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3] Imrie R. &amp;amp; Kumar M. 1998. Focusing on Disability and Access in the Built Environment. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Disability &amp;amp; Society&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(3): 357-374.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[4] Lavery, I., Davey, S., Woodside, A. &amp;amp; Ewart, K. 1996. The vital role of street design and management in reducing barriers to older peoples’ mobility. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landscape and Urban Planning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[5] Massey, D. 1996. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Space/power, indentity/difference: tensions in the city&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Merrified, A. &amp;amp; Swyngedouw, E. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Urbanisation of Injustice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Lawrence and Wishart, London, 110-116.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[6] Lefbvre, H. 1991. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Production of Space&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blackwell, Oxford, 468 pp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[7] Imrie R. &amp;amp; Edwards, C. 2007. The Geographies of Disability: Reflections on the Development of a Sub-Discipline. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Geography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Compass&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1/3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;: 623-640.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[8] Imrie, R. 1996. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Disability and the City: International Perpectives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Paul Chapman Publising, London, 200 pp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[9] Dyck, I. 1995. Hidden geographies: the changing life-worlds of women with multiple sclerosis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Social Science and Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, 307-320.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[10] Gleeson, B. 1999. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Geographies of Disability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Routledge, London, 253 pp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[11] Imrie R. 2003. Architects&#39; conceptions of the human body. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Environment and Planning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;: 47-65.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[12] Thrift, N. 1997. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;still point: resistance, expressive embodiment and dance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Keith, M. &amp;amp; Pile, S. (Eds.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Geographies of Resistance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Routledge, London, 124-152.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[13] Borden, I. 1998. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Body architecture: skateboarding and the creation of super-architectural space.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; In: Hill, J. (Ed.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Occupying Architecture: Between the Architect and the User.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Routledge, London, 195-216.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[14] Less, L. 2001. Towards a critical geography of architecture: the case of and ersatz Colosseum. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ecumene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(1): 51-86.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[15] Bromley, R.D., Thomas, C.J. &amp;amp; Matthews, D.L. 2007. City centre accessibility for wheelchair users: The consumer perspective and the planning implications. 24(3): 229-241.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[16] Gould, C. 1996. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Diversity and democracy: representing differences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. In: Benhabib, S. (Ed.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 171-186.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/calles-con-libertad-de-movimiento-open.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3fGihXQ95cHpLgPWjQZa0_KMgXRZn07_gfP2c2LgKbKpJZP7XD6BohTarXIOyDrmuiNbkJJfGtVp8GMAXS1GrX1U719DynkpZr5bkKa9mT465GDQgdLV0SEWs0pu6X4yWu2sau_ttg2c/s72-c/73-6774d2f17e.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-7828916695165706392</guid><pubDate>Fri, 09 Jul 2010 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:09:31.132+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">DISCUSSION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><title>coreografías para la Calle Mayor // coreographies for Mayor Street</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“El ballet de las aceras de la ciudad nunca se repite de un sitio a otro, y siempre está repleto de nuevas improvisaciones”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [1: 65-66]. Con esta sutil analogía &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.qu3stions.com/2010/06/jane-jacobs-writer-community-activist.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mi abuelita favorita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; describía las complejas interacciones que se dan en el espacio público urbano por excelencia, las aceras. Como en el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tonoarchitects.com/2010/07/article-streets-and-sidewalks/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Barrio Sésamo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; de nuestra infancia, las aceras proporcionan el soporte para que se desarrolle la vida urbana de las ciudades y pueblos. De hecho son el conductor primario para el flujo de información (cotilleos o chismorreos entre otros) entre ciudadanos, una especie de “banda ancha” [2].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Este fenómeno se manifiesta de una manera clara en el casco urbano de Zuera, y más concretamente en la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Calle Mayor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, ya que al presentar una elevada densidad poblacional y una gran diversidad de usos puede ser considerada el principal escenario para la citada danza urbana. Al igual que Jane Jacobs con &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Hudson Street&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;aquí también se podría describir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;una&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;bella coreografía&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Pero como mi prosa no es sobresaliente, intentaré ilustrarlo con fotos y comentarios:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ld0oYGPArf1vnuip619EePudN7IOiVxDQYXJ6gy9ymbLOmwu4Y1mocO-nGKTR1QWyVGIjVlBxninwVKQvqD7kpxnI1AuOf5ZrtBFSGdafAB7zegHr8ZL-6xB7aho2C-Uy_V7QsGf9Mc/s1600/CIMG5163_2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;273&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ld0oYGPArf1vnuip619EePudN7IOiVxDQYXJ6gy9ymbLOmwu4Y1mocO-nGKTR1QWyVGIjVlBxninwVKQvqD7kpxnI1AuOf5ZrtBFSGdafAB7zegHr8ZL-6xB7aho2C-Uy_V7QsGf9Mc/s400/CIMG5163_2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Niños andando por la Calle Mayor ocupando toda la calle, algunos montan bicicletas. // Some kids walking through Mayor Street, they are occupying the whole width of the street, some of them are riding bikes. [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyFMM652giTMbMo70U0fMV6NqvGBvUcsEn88H305906l1ArEB1MEM1gmuKbe6JiIIRBzXrWXKNdlTeu15k6c4uGcz_WtQSg3hVX-1z_tiGCxdyvbpO6iW8heu_FVrR5LvvC9oWuGqMWrA/s1600/DSCN0168.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyFMM652giTMbMo70U0fMV6NqvGBvUcsEn88H305906l1ArEB1MEM1gmuKbe6JiIIRBzXrWXKNdlTeu15k6c4uGcz_WtQSg3hVX-1z_tiGCxdyvbpO6iW8heu_FVrR5LvvC9oWuGqMWrA/s400/DSCN0168.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; De izquierda a derecha: dos señoras de compras se detienen en frente de la panadería, un señor con su perro cruza de acera y por último, en la acera de la derecha una señora con su niños se encuentra con otra que lleva un carrito de la compra. // From the left side to the right: a couple of women talk in front of the bakery, a old man with his dog are crossing the street and finally, on the left sidewalk, a woman with her two kids is talking with another woman who is carrying a shopping cart. [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Como se puede observar en estas dos fotos, el ballet de las aceras se convierte en el ballet de la calle. Los zufarienses utilizan las aceras y el asfalto como un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;continuum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, en el que no hay distinción funcional entre una y otra superficie… hasta que aparece un elemento de perturbación, en este caso el coche. Cuando éste entra en escena, vuelve la segregación espacial y funcional, y las aceras se comportan como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;refugios momentáneos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, tal y como se muestra en la siguiente foto. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kHusZtKXKVpTtpc0LiDUrBf_5VbCQQJ0BMhfAmgk_E73NsjK45XWFlTjzfMIiinKw26hnvQC_r4yoUrh1VRVVfeKKbesCbzPVGhbS3osg4wKgXLZ9ymoFQdcMkBDJqZxRs_9jcwix5E/s1600/CIMG5161.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kHusZtKXKVpTtpc0LiDUrBf_5VbCQQJ0BMhfAmgk_E73NsjK45XWFlTjzfMIiinKw26hnvQC_r4yoUrh1VRVVfeKKbesCbzPVGhbS3osg4wKgXLZ9ymoFQdcMkBDJqZxRs_9jcwix5E/s400/CIMG5161.JPG&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; Caminantes arrimándose al bordillo al pasar un coche. // Some wayfarers are coming close to the curb because a car is passing. [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Una vez que el coche se aleja el ballet puede continuar. La reflexión aquí es que las aceras del casco de Zuera están hechas para el automóvil no para el peatón. Esto no se aplica en la mayoría de las ciudades, aunque de hecho, a Jacobs no le preocupaba nada la existencia física de las aceras sino la función que realizaban [2]. En el urbanismo y la arquitectura como en las ciencias naturales podemos encontrar un precioso &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;debate entre la forma y la función&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Un ejemplo bonito y práctico sería lo que los evolucionistas llaman &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptaci%C3%B3n&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;exaptaciones&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, estructuras de un organismo que evolucionan originalmente como rasgos que proveen adaptación a unas determinadas condiciones o que no es adaptativo (neutro), y una vez que ya está consolidado comienza a ser utilizado y perfeccionado en pos de una nueva finalidad, en ocasiones no relacionada en absoluto con su &quot;propósito&quot; original (sin lugar a dudas el “falso” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=FOv1b8__J2sC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;dq=pulgar+del+panda+stephen+jay+gould&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=fSU7c5WlbS&amp;amp;sig=9rL0scUggKng1ThqRlTKuajyQYc&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ei=IOY1TKSBBKaI0wSZlc3zAw&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=6&amp;amp;ved=0CDUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pulgar del panda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En nuestro caso, las aceras son vestigios del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/urban-evolution-evolucion-urbanistica.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;planeamiento urbanístico del pasado siglo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, las cuales sin embargo pueden sufrir nuevas actuaciones y modificaciones. En este sentido se podría &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;resetear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; la cinta y volver a dar al &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;play&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; o incluso darle la vuelta y poner la otra cara [3]. Aquí encajarían propuestas estilo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ecosistemaurbano.org/whatifcities/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“¿Y si…?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; ¿Y si eliminásemos las aceras? ¿Y si peatonalizáramos el casco urbano? ¿Y si limitásemos los aparcamientos? Como respuesta a estas preguntas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2009/09/pottersville.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;tendríamos diferentes coreografías&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, ¡pero atención! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2009/09/pottersville-ii.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;No todas serían aptas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; para nuestros propósitos, es más, aunque al final se opte por una trayectoria determinada no debería significar el final del baile y es que… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“el espectáculo debe continuar”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/coreografias-para-la-calle-mayor.html&quot;&gt;Read in English…&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“The ballet of th good city sidewalk never repeats itself from place to place, and in any one place is always replete with new improvisations”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [3: 65-66]. Through this subtle analogy, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.qu3stions.com/2010/06/jane-jacobs-writer-community-activist.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;my favourite old woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; described the complex interactions which occur in the most commonly known urban public space, the sidewalks. As in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tonoarchitects.com/2010/07/article-streets-and-sidewalks/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sesame Street&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, the sidewalks provide the vital support for urban life. In fact, they are the main channel to which the information flow pass from citizen to citizen [2].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;This phenomenon is very clearly represented in the urban centre of Zuera, and more concretely in Mayor Street. Because of the fact that this street has high population density and a great diversity of uses can be considered as the main scenario for the urban ballet dance. As Jane Jacobs did with Hudson Street, herein can be described &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a beautiful coreography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; for Mayor Street, but because my prose is not so good, I will try to ilustrate with pictures and comments (see pictures above).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;As it can be observed in these photos, the ballet dance is performed in the whole street and not just in the sidewalks. The people of Zuera use both the roadbed and the sidewalks like a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;continuum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Here there is not distinction between one surface and the other… till a disturbing element appears, in this case a car. When an automobile enters the scene, the spatial and functional segregation come again, the sidewalks then behave like &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;temporary shelters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (see picture above). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Once the car disappears the ballet can proceed. So it can be argued that the sidewalks of this part of the town are for cars instead for pedestrians. This does not apply to the majority of big cities, nevertheless even Jacobs was not worried about the physical existence of sidewalks, she was interested in their function [2]. In this respect, in urbanism as in natural sciences there is an interesting debate about form and function. A very nice and practical example can be found in the so-called &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptation&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;exaptations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, namely a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another (for sure my favourite one is the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=oBuoPwAACAAJ&amp;amp;dq=panda&#39;s+thumb+gould&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ei=u0M2TO_6LM-msAa9kc2uAQ&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=1&amp;amp;ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;panda’s thumb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In our case, the sidewalks are vestiges of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/urban-evolution-evolucion-urbanistica.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the urban planning from the last century&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, but as mentioned above they can undertake new modifications. In this sense, we can reset the tape and play it again or even play the B side [3]. Here it can work proposals as the question &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ecosistemaurbano.org/whatifcities/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“What if…?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; What if there were not sidewalks? What if we pedestranized the whole town centre? What if we limited car parkings on the street? For each question we have &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2009/09/pottersville.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a particular coreography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, but… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2009/09/pottersville-ii.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;not all of them would be suitable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; for our purpuses. In addition, although at the end the final choice should be made, this does not mean the end of the dance: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“the show must go on”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Jacobs, J. 1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Death and Life of Great American Cities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Random House, 624 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Johnson, S. 2001. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sistemas Emergentes. O qué tienen en común hormigas, neuronas, ciudades y software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Turner Fondo de Cultura Económica, 258 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3] Gould, S.J. 2006. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La vida maravillosa: Burgess Shale y la naturaleza de la Historia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Drakontos Bolsillo, 447 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHLrCoHGNHvlcbgsMsqrKotcrQCvaz_vSmNqx1fd5vKIlR6oj9nZyiHKOvpPKFBzE1teqvLV8oWFlmwOxVyaXtKOMZ1kYx9OrF0VxPay2VT-Xl0ygR6IdjPEWedgxGGlaNbArnxle4czs/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/coreografias-para-la-calle-mayor.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ld0oYGPArf1vnuip619EePudN7IOiVxDQYXJ6gy9ymbLOmwu4Y1mocO-nGKTR1QWyVGIjVlBxninwVKQvqD7kpxnI1AuOf5ZrtBFSGdafAB7zegHr8ZL-6xB7aho2C-Uy_V7QsGf9Mc/s72-c/CIMG5163_2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-6487797164034280013</guid><pubDate>Wed, 07 Jul 2010 12:29:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T18:10:00.586+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">DISCUSSION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><title>la erosión de nuestras calles // the erosion of our streets</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Hace ya más de 50 años, Jane Jacobs proponía encontrar un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;punto de equilibrio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; entre la erosión de las grandes ciudades americanas producida por el coche y la reducción de sus efectos [1]. En Zuera, un pueblo pequeño de la geografía española, el primer proceso gana al segundo por goleada. De hecho, la “meteorización” de sus calles debido a los vehículos privados se produce por partida doble. En primer lugar por la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;disminución del tamaño de las aceras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, en beneficio del espacio para el tráfico rodado. Proceso que recuerda a la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;erosión costera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2], donde el mar u océano pertinente va limando horizontalmente (único agente ambiental que actúa de este modo) las paredes rocosas de los acantilados adyacentes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1L-kq-y0JOft21nFZGhOInjDA7re3awWG-ySgNcuWmbUHkrZwemFVrKFP-MOrhB5d03kvsCjC-voy_pvWTeP_qcB7zEOEdkWPvf9WnHi818K0eidjyUA1E-XiiWRlBF8rd8dSlwswP-Q/s1600/CIMG5150.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1L-kq-y0JOft21nFZGhOInjDA7re3awWG-ySgNcuWmbUHkrZwemFVrKFP-MOrhB5d03kvsCjC-voy_pvWTeP_qcB7zEOEdkWPvf9WnHi818K0eidjyUA1E-XiiWRlBF8rd8dSlwswP-Q/s320/CIMG5150.JPG&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Reducción del tamaño de las aceras de la calle San Miguel. // Reduction of the sidewalk width at San Miguel Street. [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En segundo lugar y de forma complementaria al anterior fenómeno, el escaso espacio peatonal restante es limitado aún más por &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;los innumerables badenes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; presentes en la localidad. Mientras que el primer proceso remitía al desgaste producido por el agua marina, en este caso se puede sacar una analogía en la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;dinámica playa-pedimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2] la cual sufren las montañas de climas extremadamente secos. En este ambiente el agua debido a su ausencia “delega” su función a la gravedad y al viento, la primera provoca derrumbamientos y el segundo abrasión, como resultado tenemos zonas llanas salteadas de montes con glacis o pedimentos, los cuales presentan una elevadísima pendiente (ya que al no existir agua no puede nivelarla), formaciones que se parecen mucho a los citados badenes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo4E0sPhvqeiM0WiKrc4QH89FXNkSVPpmQqOMIW11S8YSS4jsmpQ6aKIpPC9OKeXRxuY6Kq7CTxRhJpsJFaKA69SOMqzczO_slafst0yxe0YgBZCNeVgIA7O0oGKt1NaxzOB53-ssMUIg/s1600/CIMG5107.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo4E0sPhvqeiM0WiKrc4QH89FXNkSVPpmQqOMIW11S8YSS4jsmpQ6aKIpPC9OKeXRxuY6Kq7CTxRhJpsJFaKA69SOMqzczO_slafst0yxe0YgBZCNeVgIA7O0oGKt1NaxzOB53-ssMUIg/s320/CIMG5107.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; Multitud de badenes en las aceras de la Calle Conserans. // Several garage ramps on the sidewalks of Conserans Street. [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Por tanto la disminución del paisaje peatonal en este caso se debe tanto a la reducción de las aceras y la continua aparición de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;barreras arquitectónicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; como los “dichosos” badenes o los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;coches aparcados junto al bordillo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; que limitan el poco espacio restante para caminar. La segregación del espacio dedicado a los vehículos motorizados y del espacio para el caminante ha provocado en parte que poco a poco el primero se ha “comido” al segundo, en las calles de Zuera los coches dominan a los peatones. No hay punto de equilibrio, hay tiranía sobre ruedas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcetXMSYGKKEKbBo2OuVZaMKEkv2oJIjCvN2SJYvfH6tDMm0GovBiq2ID4whRvPwThoJlhbfmKVTe9mdORihZiM0q9HxFXi8M4PnJXAFIRpoe5pXt72TnGFWWCcJIsrcBXAcLLRGJ-3_8/s1600/WSI.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcetXMSYGKKEKbBo2OuVZaMKEkv2oJIjCvN2SJYvfH6tDMm0GovBiq2ID4whRvPwThoJlhbfmKVTe9mdORihZiM0q9HxFXi8M4PnJXAFIRpoe5pXt72TnGFWWCcJIsrcBXAcLLRGJ-3_8/s400/WSI.jpg&quot; width=&quot;243&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mapa de la relación espacio peatonal y el perteneciente al tráfico rodado. Cuanto más &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00ff40;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; una calle más espacio para caminar, cuanto más &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;rojo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; más espacio para conducir. // Map of the ratio between pedestrian and traffic space. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00ff40;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; streets have more space for walking, while &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;red&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; streets have more surface for driving. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Aunque haya utilizado términos hidro-geomorfológicos para referirme a los dos procesos erosivos que se dan en nuestras calles, la dinámica de las calles zufarienses es principalmente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;hidráulica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, lo que se englobaría en el llamado &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ryukenichi.wordpress.com/2010/04/22/hidraurbanismo/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;urbanismo hidráulico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Sin embargo, mi enfoque está basado más en un urbanismo más orgánico, y por tanto es en la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;hidrología&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; donde poder hallar una posible respuesta. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Los ríos son el resultado de la dinámica erosiva-sedimentaria de su caudal, tanto líquido como sólido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Los meandros, rápidos, islotes y demás componentes de ribera son manifestaciones locales de este balance ambiental, así cada uno de ellos es generado por las condiciones puntuales del entorno circundante. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Nuestras calles, por tanto, deberían comportarse más como ríos o arroyos que como simples tuberías&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Cada una de ellas debería adaptarse a las peculiaridades del ambiente urbano y llegar a un estado –el punto de equilibrio de Jane Jacobs- en el que las tensiones entre coches y viandantes se relajaran. En este sentido cada &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;calle tendría un potencial que aprovechar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/la-erosion-de-nuestras-calles-erosion.html&quot;&gt;Read in English...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;More than 50 years ago, Jane Jacobs pointed out the importance of achieving the state of equilibrium between the erosion of the great American cities and the attrition of automobiles [1]. In Zuera, a small Espanish town, this balance is broken by the first process. In fact, the “street weathering” carried out by private cars is based on two different phenomena. First, there is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the reduction of the pedestrian space&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, especially the sidewalks. This can be compared with the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;coastal erosion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2], in which a ocean or sea is filing or nibbling horizontally the rock of the closest cliff walls. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Secondly, the scarce walking space is limited further by the infinite number of street garage ramps located in the town. Whereas the first process is similar to the erosion produced by sea water, in this particular case it can be possible to find an analogy with the playa (or dry lake) and pediment dynamics [2] which some hilly regions with extremely hot climate suffered. This environemnt lacks water, so the weathering labour is carried out by gravety and the wind. The first produces collapses and the later abrasions, as a result large flat surfaces are created only scattered by glacis or pediments. These have very high slopes (because there is not water to smooth them), and therefore, they are like the cited street ramps. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The decrease of the walkscape, thus, is due to two facts, the sidewalk reduction and the continuous appareance of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;architectural barriers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; like the street ramps and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the line of parked cars close to the curb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. The space segregation between these two uses, driving and walking, have generated that the first have overcome the second, that is to say that in the streets of Zuera the car dominates the pedestrians. There is not point of equilibrium, only the tyranny of the wheels. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;I have been using hidro-geomorphological terms to explain the two processes which occur in our streets, but in fact the street dynamics of Zuera is mainly based on the principles of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ryukenichi.wordpress.com/2010/04/22/hidraurbanismo/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;hidraulics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Nevertheless, I claim to envision the city, and concretely its streets, in a organic or ecosistemic way, and hence, it is within the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;hidrology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; where we will be able to find a suitable answer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Rivers are the result from the complex dynamics of erosion and sedimentation of their caudals, both liquid and solid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Meanders, rapids, islands and the rest of the riparian components are local manifestations of an environmental balance, each one of them is created and maintained by local conditions such as the slope, the bedrock, the closest vegetation… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Streets, therefore, should behave more like rivers than just pipelines&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Every one of them should adapt to the local conditions of the surrounding urban environment and achieve a state –the famous point of equilibrium of Jane Jacobs- in which the tensions between cars and wayfarers can relax. In this respect, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;each street have a unique potential to explote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Jacobs, J. 1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Death and Life of Great American Cities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Random House, 624 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Tarbuck, E.J. &amp;amp; Lutgens, F.K. 2006. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ciencias de la Tierra: una introducción a la Geología Física&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Pearson Education, 686 p. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/07/la-erosion-de-nuestras-calles-erosion.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1L-kq-y0JOft21nFZGhOInjDA7re3awWG-ySgNcuWmbUHkrZwemFVrKFP-MOrhB5d03kvsCjC-voy_pvWTeP_qcB7zEOEdkWPvf9WnHi818K0eidjyUA1E-XiiWRlBF8rd8dSlwswP-Q/s72-c/CIMG5150.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-2970623174292243016</guid><pubDate>Mon, 28 Jun 2010 16:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T17:02:20.721+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">RESULTS</category><title>primeros mapas! // first maps!</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín // by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Primeros mapas resultado del muestreo urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. De izquierda a derecha y de arriba abajo: pendiente, acceso para discapacitados, anchura de la acera, aparcamientos, carriles motorizados, equipamiento urbano (parámetro sintético resultante de la suma del mobiliario urbano –bancos, farolas, árboles y papeleras-), estado de la acera y obstáculos. Se han representado las calles en un gradiente de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;rojo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (valores negativos para el acto de andar) a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00ff40;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (valores positivos). // &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;First maps resulted from the urban sampling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; From left to right and from the top to the bottom: slope, disabled access, sidewalk width, parkings, car lanes, urban equipment (a synthetic parameter generated from the sum of the street furniture –benches, streetlamps, trees and litterbins-), sidewalk condition and physical barriers. The streets have been represented according to a gradient from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;red&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (negative values for walking) to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00ff40;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (positive values).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/primeros-mapas-first-maps.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZwF7N6yHtxH7OP70EBtmUc6n3IAMk7NMvkTI3ZN-qgHVkrNiwzpitHQqI4U_qSR3ZLaaAe0bJhDGyWBn40t1xzjGm184ajbP-9F0MgEZWvuEJ5DvMrY3uFq-lZ36b3wn9tOOWPP_sDKw/s72-c/S.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-9017108010248590101</guid><pubDate>Thu, 24 Jun 2010 17:10:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2013-01-31T16:26:18.661+00:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><title>valores para nuestros factores peatonales // values of our walkability parameters</title><description>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Una vez terminado el muestreo urbano de las calles de Zuera, me gustaría definir los valores posibles de las &lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/por-ramiro-aznar-ballarin-en-la-entrada.html&quot;&gt;variables cartografiadas&lt;/a&gt;. En primer lugar se mapearon las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;características relacionadas con el tráfico rodado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, así pues se anotaron el número carriles tanto de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; tráfico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (de 0 a 2) como de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;bicicletas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (de 0 a 1), así como de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;plazas de aparcamiento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (de 0 a 2). Por otro lado se tomó medida a una serie de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;propiedades del espacio peatonal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;aceras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, tales como su &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;anchura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (de 0 a 3, en el que la unidad representa la anchura estándar de una persona, es decir, 90 cm), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;estado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (de 0 a 3), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pendiente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (0 si no tiene y 1 si presenta), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;obstáculos o continuidad peatonal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;) y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;acceso a discapacitados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). Por último, se analizó el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mobiliario urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;papeleras, bancos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; arbolado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; estructuras de seguridadvial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; alumbrado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/valores-para-nuestros-factores.html&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Read in English...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;As I have just finished sampling the streets of Zuera, it is time to define the values of &lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/por-ramiro-aznar-ballarin-en-la-entrada.html&quot;&gt;the variables which have been mapped&lt;/a&gt;. First, there is the parameters related to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;traffic and car parkings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, such as the number of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;car lanes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (from 0 to 2), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;bike lanes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (from 0 to 1), and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;parking lots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (from 0 to 2). Conversely, it has been analyzed as well the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;properties of the pedestrian space&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, that is to say, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;sidewalks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. These were their &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;width &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(from 0 to 3, in which the unit represents the standard width of a person -90 cm-), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;condition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (from 0 to 3), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;slope &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(0 if it has not and 1 if it has), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;physical barriers &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;), and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;disabled access &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;). Finally, the street furniture was mapped: litterbins, benches, trees, safety structures and streetlamps (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/valores-para-nuestros-factores.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-4867020026779110390</guid><pubDate>Tue, 22 Jun 2010 17:09:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-24T23:04:23.943+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><title>andar para descifrar el paisaje urbano // walking for deciphering the urban landscape</title><description>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Durante las últimas semanas llevo realizando una serie de recorridos para evaluar las variables de estudio para cada una de las calles. Inicio siempre mis paseos desde &lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?q=Calle+de+Conserans,+46,+50800+Zuera,+Zaragoza,+Arag%C3%B3n&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;geocode=FSjafgIdrf_z_w&amp;amp;split=0&amp;amp;sll=40.396764,-3.713379&amp;amp;sspn=7.829737,14.985352&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Calle+de+Conserans,+46,+50800+Zuera,+Zaragoza,+Arag%C3%B3n&amp;amp;ll=41.867867,-0.786467&amp;amp;spn=0.008996,0.01929&amp;amp;z=16&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;cbll=41.867781,-0.786505&amp;amp;panoid=SACDDd6TpZ2U5a5mfFA9aw&amp;amp;cbp=12,349.11,,1,17.28&quot;&gt;la puerta de mi casa&lt;/a&gt; y aunque me dirijo siempre hacia un barrio determinado, mis pasos no llevan una ruta marcada de antemano. Mi deriva por el callejero urbano podría estar condicionada por las calles que me faltan por cartografiar, las personas que me encuentro, el tiempo, y por supuesto por el simple dictamen contingente de las decisiones que se toman al caminar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;object align=&quot;middle&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; id=&quot;smwidget&quot; width=&quot;550&quot;&gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;FlashVars&quot; value=&quot;d=true&amp;amp;z=true&amp;amp;id=S0serCqTg0&amp;amp;mt=false&amp;amp;p=true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;quality&quot; value=&quot;high&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot; FlashVars=&quot;d=true&amp;z=true&amp;id=S0serCqTg0&amp;mt=false&amp;p=true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; name=&quot;smwidget&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; allowFullScreen=&quot;true&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; pluginspage=&quot;http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/object&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mapa del recorrido (en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;rojo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;) realizado en mi último “muestreo” urbano [22 de junio de 2010] // Map of the path (in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;red&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;) resulted from my last urban “sampling” [22th of june 2010].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En este caso las suelas de mis zapatos serían los pinceles, las aceras el lienzo y el rastro la cartografía urbana. Además, de acuerdo con la cita de Robert Smithson, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“andar condiciona la vista, y la vista condiciona el andar, como si sólo los pies pudiesen ver” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1], el recorrer las calles de Zuera se convierte en un método para entender el propio acto de andar. Andar para investigar, investigar para mejorar el andar. La calle a medida que es transitada por el explorador urbano se descompone en una serie de subsistemas y estos a su vez en componentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2hRpsW5bcJ9UOejkPYmXOXkmTJCNXNIaOojbfk5lwOqzdyZwOAhMwpQEj86eMNtwH4cQATd8e4jRhEIs9aEHcy9SjhYcxH2l4TGxfcW3JEp8tExmtNVnXkSVn1f2gjBwOOb-BjIwXLQ8/s1600/footsteps.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2hRpsW5bcJ9UOejkPYmXOXkmTJCNXNIaOojbfk5lwOqzdyZwOAhMwpQEj86eMNtwH4cQATd8e4jRhEIs9aEHcy9SjhYcxH2l4TGxfcW3JEp8tExmtNVnXkSVn1f2gjBwOOb-BjIwXLQ8/s320/footsteps.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pisadas en la acera. // Footsteps on the sidewalk [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín].&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Esta metodología no sólo me ha permitido mapear los parámetros a analizar sino que al participar en la propia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ciudadposible.com/2010/06/india-y-mexico-encuentra-las-similitudes.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;dinámica peatonal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; me he encontrado con situaciones realmente interesantes. Entre todas me gustaría resaltar tres. La primera fue una frase que escuche de una zufariense en (y respecto de) la calle Navas: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“esta calle es matadora&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;”, más claro imposible. La segunda me la he cruzado varias veces pero debido a su rapidez y mi falta de reflejos no la he podido fotografiar aún, pero no tardaré en tomar una instantánea de coches subiéndose a los bordillos de la calle Mayor por falta de espacio y por tanto ocupando el ya poco espacio que le queda a los peatones. Por último y como se muestra en la fotografía siguiente, como los ciudadanos se ven muchas veces a usar las carriles de los coches por falta de continuidad o idoneidad de las aceras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIjBv1Gvf20vdzE-lvj7qnakwA7X4xo7Pi59BVHSUJw5UwBm2nPD5TuLQCh1ixIACpslfyffj2FgmVDFcO-MtLJcnjEIC7qcdeJNRUwBHL2WtWvcN58r-sZv1o3Bx5ZNTBxIu3dpplNw/s1600/DSCN0074.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIjBv1Gvf20vdzE-lvj7qnakwA7X4xo7Pi59BVHSUJw5UwBm2nPD5TuLQCh1ixIACpslfyffj2FgmVDFcO-MtLJcnjEIC7qcdeJNRUwBHL2WtWvcN58r-sZv1o3Bx5ZNTBxIu3dpplNw/s320/DSCN0074.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Madre con carrito caminando por la calzada mientras pasa un coche por ella. // Mother and baby cart walking on the road while a car is passing next to them [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín].&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/andar-para-descifrar-el-paisaje-urbano.html&quot;&gt;Read in English...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;During the last weeks I have been undertaking several walks in order to analyze the variables of study for each of the streets of Zuera. The starting point is always the &lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?q=Calle+de+Conserans,+46,+50800+Zuera,+Zaragoza,+Arag%C3%B3n&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;geocode=FSjafgIdrf_z_w&amp;amp;split=0&amp;amp;sll=40.396764,-3.713379&amp;amp;sspn=7.829737,14.985352&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Calle+de+Conserans,+46,+50800+Zuera,+Zaragoza,+Arag%C3%B3n&amp;amp;ll=41.867867,-0.786467&amp;amp;spn=0.008996,0.01929&amp;amp;z=16&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;cbll=41.867781,-0.786505&amp;amp;panoid=SACDDd6TpZ2U5a5mfFA9aw&amp;amp;cbp=12,349.11,,1,17.28&quot;&gt;home’s door&lt;/a&gt; but then the route can significantly vary. My urban drift throught the street network can be eventually conditioned by the streets till I have to study, the people I have met, the weather, and of course, by the contingent choices that my steps should take. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In this case my shoe soles would be the brushes, the sidewalks the canvas, and the trace the urban cartography. Consequently and according to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Robert Smithson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; cite, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“walking conditioned sight, and sight conditioned walking, till it seemed only the feet could see”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [1], to perambulate throught the avenues and alleys of Zuera becomes a method to understand the act of walking. Walking for researching, researching for improving walkability. The street, therefore, at the same time that is traveled, is decomposed into various subsystems and these also into several components. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;This methodology has not just allowed me to map the parameters of analysis but also to participate within the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ciudadposible.com/2010/06/india-y-mexico-encuentra-las-similitudes.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pedestrian dynamics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Due to this fact I have had the opportunity to see some interesting events. I am going to name only three. The first is a sentence pronounced by a pedestrian woman criticizing Navas Street: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“This street is killing me”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, more clearly is impossible. Secondly, it is a situation I have crossed several times but I have not the chance to capture. Sometimes the cars need to need to move up to the sidewalk, thus reducing the small space the pedestrians have in Mayor Street. Finally, the following pictures shows how citizens have to share the road with the cars because the lack of sidewalks.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Careri, F. 2009. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Walkscapes. El andar como práctica estética. Walking as an aesthetic practice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Land&amp;amp;Scape Series. Ed. Gustavo Gili, 205 pp. (una buena síntesis se puede encontrar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2010/02/reflexiones-extractos-y-comentarios.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;aquí&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZiKbW1trWlOGp-isADgWpxC1-5lYd0Ngm-BzqOCylY4h0FkJnojep-v0eYntvXHEs97L6jkMwkVrJIuYh6bSjGdfTQNd3wkSLbmoMtDGive3M0LykxMGVLkrjNK5mT2LQyLeAEB5mI/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZiKbW1trWlOGp-isADgWpxC1-5lYd0Ngm-BzqOCylY4h0FkJnojep-v0eYntvXHEs97L6jkMwkVrJIuYh6bSjGdfTQNd3wkSLbmoMtDGive3M0LykxMGVLkrjNK5mT2LQyLeAEB5mI/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  </description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/andar-para-descifrar-el-paisaje-urbano.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2hRpsW5bcJ9UOejkPYmXOXkmTJCNXNIaOojbfk5lwOqzdyZwOAhMwpQEj86eMNtwH4cQATd8e4jRhEIs9aEHcy9SjhYcxH2l4TGxfcW3JEp8tExmtNVnXkSVn1f2gjBwOOb-BjIwXLQ8/s72-c/footsteps.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-6779425907391739400</guid><pubDate>Thu, 17 Jun 2010 21:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-24T23:05:45.175+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><title>elementos para un índice de peatonalidad // components for a walkability index</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/la-importancia-del-paisaje-urbano-en-el.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la entrada anterior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;se decidió cartografiar el componente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;horizontal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;del paisaje urbano (superficies y conexiones), frente al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;vertical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(estructura demográfica y de usos) y al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;social&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(percepciones y recuerdos). En función de lo observado en los paseos y lecturas anteriores se optó por&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ratemystreet.co.uk/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mapear los siguientes atributos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;presentes en las calles de Zuera:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Continuidad peatonal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Estado de la acera&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Anchura de la acera&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Arbolado&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Alumbrado&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Papeleras&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bancos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Estructuras de seguridad&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Carriles motorizados&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Carriles bicis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Aparcamientos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Obstáculos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pendiente&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Acceso a discapacitados&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Una vez calculadas estas variables se obtendrán una serie de mapas para cada uno de estos parámetros así como un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mapa sintético&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;el cual represente la combinación de éstos a través de un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;índice de peatonalidad o andabilidad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/por-ramiro-aznar-ballarin-en-la-entrada.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Read in English...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/la-importancia-del-paisaje-urbano-en-el.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the last post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;I stated that the cartography would be based on the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;horizontal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;component of the urban landscape (surfaces and connections), instead of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;vertical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(demographic and land-use structure) and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;social&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ones (perceptions and memories). Consequently, according to the things and facts I have observed and read lately, it has chosen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ratemystreet.co.uk/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;to map the following parameters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;of the walkscape of Zuera:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pedestrian continuity&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sidewalk conditions&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sidewalk width&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Trees&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Lamps&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Litterbins&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Benches&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Safety structures&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Car lanes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bike lanes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Parking lots&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Physical barriers&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Slope&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Disabled access&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The representation of every variable will show a particular map, and eventually, the combination of each of these cartographies will generate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a synthetic map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;which will show the values of a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;walkability index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZiKbW1trWlOGp-isADgWpxC1-5lYd0Ngm-BzqOCylY4h0FkJnojep-v0eYntvXHEs97L6jkMwkVrJIuYh6bSjGdfTQNd3wkSLbmoMtDGive3M0LykxMGVLkrjNK5mT2LQyLeAEB5mI/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZiKbW1trWlOGp-isADgWpxC1-5lYd0Ngm-BzqOCylY4h0FkJnojep-v0eYntvXHEs97L6jkMwkVrJIuYh6bSjGdfTQNd3wkSLbmoMtDGive3M0LykxMGVLkrjNK5mT2LQyLeAEB5mI/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/por-ramiro-aznar-ballarin-en-la-entrada.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju5ZiKbW1trWlOGp-isADgWpxC1-5lYd0Ngm-BzqOCylY4h0FkJnojep-v0eYntvXHEs97L6jkMwkVrJIuYh6bSjGdfTQNd3wkSLbmoMtDGive3M0LykxMGVLkrjNK5mT2LQyLeAEB5mI/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-6873335024497078396</guid><pubDate>Fri, 11 Jun 2010 21:50:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-24T23:07:23.396+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><title>la importancia del paisaje urbano en el caminar // the importance of the urban environment for walking</title><description>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Después de pasar las últimas semanas recorriendo las calles de Zuera y sumergido en la bibliografía sobre el andar en la ciudad, he visto necesario crear un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;índice de peatonalidad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (aunque la traducción literal sería de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;andabilidad&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;) para cartografiar el &quot;walkscape&quot; del pueblo. Para lograr esto será esencial seleccionar los componentes adecuados en función de los objetivos del trabajo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se ha demostrado que el ambiente urbano y natural puede afectar directamente sobre el funcionamiento de ciertas actividades humanas [32]. De hecho, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;andar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, es la actividad cotidiana más generalizada en el mundo adulto, y es que, de acuerdo con varios autores andar puede generar beneficios económicos, sociales, físicos y también mentales [3, 13, 16, 22, 23, 39]. Algunos trabajos han argumentado que existe una clara relación entre ciertas variables ambientales percibidas por el individuo y el proceso de andar [4, 9, 20], pero también variables objetivas de la escena urbana calculadas empíricamente [10, 21, 31]. En este sentido, científicos urbanos y urbanistas han creado el término &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;walkability&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; (la citada andabilidad), una medida de la idoneidad o potencial de un vecindario o ciudad para andar por él. Por tanto la andabilidad de una comunidad puede ser entendida como &quot;la capacidad de su ambiente urbano y usos para mantener (o no) procesos peatonales como hacer ejercicio, acceder a zonas de recreo o servicios públicos, y ir andando al trabajo&quot; [21: 113]. Como componentes de este índice se han sugerido multitud de parámetros presentes en nuestras calles y ciudades. Con la vista puesta en los objetivos del proyecto he dividido los encontrados en la numerosa bibliografía en tres categorías:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Percepciones y sentimientos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Seguridad vial y personal, y temores [1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-Disposición de las calles para la actividad [4, 9, 11, 12, 16, 31].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diseño de la ciudad y características del barrio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Estructura y conectividad del callejero [4, 5, 17, 22, 24, 26, 29, 31, 37].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Diversidad de usos [4, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 27, 29, 31, 37].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Densidad residencial [4, 15, 19, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Forma y tamaño de las manzanas [12, 14, 18, 24, 26, 27, 37].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Características de las calles&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-Continuidad peatonal [6, 7, 19, 24, 29, 31, 37].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-Características de las aceras [8, 14, 18, 29, 38].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-Topografía [8, 14, 30].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;-Tráfico y aparcamientos [4, 14, 18, 19, 25, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35, 36].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El primer grupo de variables conforman la categoría relacionada con las percepciones humanas, sentimientos y preocupaciones de los ciudadanos sobre el medio urbano. Estos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;factores sociales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; que van desde la estética del barrio a otros aspectos como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;la complejidad o la transparencia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; del entramado de calles son mu difíciles de medir, pero sin embargo, son esenciales para el entendimiento del funcionamiento y vida de las calles de una villa o de una gran ciudad. En este trabajo estas variables se espera que surjan a través de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;las narrativas espaciales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; que puedan resaltar las organizaciones ciudadanas en los procesos de participación. El segundo y tercer grupo se centra en algo completamente diferente, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;los elementos físicos de la escena urbana. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;El primero está subdividido en dos secciones. La primera son las variables que definen el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;diseño del callejero urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, tales como el número de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grist.org/article/2010-06-04-good-neighborhoods-have-lots-of-intersections/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;intersecciones&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart-takes/are-cul-de-sacs-to-blame-for-stifling-urban-communities/6706/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;fondos de saco&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, factores que se sabe que condicionan la disposición de caminar por un barrio. La segunda por otro lado, son factores que caracterizan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;la demografía y los usos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;de la comunidad. Aquí podemos encontrar parámetros tan importantes para fomentar el caminar de los residentes en sus vecindarios como la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://globalmidwest.typepad.com/global-midwest/2010/05/the-density-debate.html?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed:+TheMidwesterner+(The+Midwesterner:+Blogging+the+Global+Midwest)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;densidad poblacional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Aunque se conoce que tanto éste como el resto de factores anteriormente comentados son importantes a la hora determinar la idoneidad de un entorno urbano para el proceso de caminar, se ha decidido incidir en el siguiente grupo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSY0PXleYrpjohLgAIQXINinMot1onnvtvgdHJfr_JeR6O3YoV5w9TSFb85Ib28-0K5cCY1jYoJv3tT1beVGoB2W-8Y57xSO_tlxujwQpzVmPMw94Smtw-Cc6_ujRD2DHf8zoR9032u_Q/s1600/CIMG5021.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSY0PXleYrpjohLgAIQXINinMot1onnvtvgdHJfr_JeR6O3YoV5w9TSFb85Ib28-0K5cCY1jYoJv3tT1beVGoB2W-8Y57xSO_tlxujwQpzVmPMw94Smtw-Cc6_ujRD2DHf8zoR9032u_Q/s320/CIMG5021.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;La &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;calle Mayor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; es un buen ejemplo de calle con diversidad de usos (bancos, carnierías, panaderías, estancos...) donde la gente se mueve andando de un establecimiento a otro. // A good example of land-use mix street (with banks, butchery, bakeries, cigar stores...) can be found in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Calle Mayor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; where the residents walk from one place to another [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por último me dejo el grupo de variables más importantes e interesantes para los objetivos del blog y por tanto del trabajo, la categoría que agrupa los&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;parámetros que caracterizan nuestras calles, y más concretamente l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a naturaleza de sus superficies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Desde las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sustainablecitiescollective.com/Home/33078?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=twitter&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Sustainable+Cities+Collective+(all+posts)&amp;amp;utm_content=Twitter&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;barreras físicas que impiden andar por las aceras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; hasta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Apologia/automovil/elpepisoc/20100417elpepisoc_11/Tes&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;la dominancia de nuestros coches en el paisaje urbano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; son estos los factores que van a ser cartografiados. En las siguientes entradas intentaré describir las variables elegidas para el estudio, y la metodología que se empleará para analizarlas y por último representarlas. Esta representación cartográfica como ya se ha dicho en más de una ocasión aquí pretender enseñar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;un paisaje de posibilidades, las cuales deben ser rellenadas por el proceso de participación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; que se llevará a cabo más adelante. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/la-importancia-del-paisaje-urbano-en-el.html&quot;&gt;Read in English...&lt;/a&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;more&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;After spending a few weeks wandering through the streets of Zuera and rambling through the literature of walking and pedestrian accessibility, I have realized that the best choice to map the walkability of Zuera&#39;s arteries is to create a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;walkability index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. To do so is essential select the proper components according to the goals of our project.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;It is argued that environments can influence physical activity behaviours directly [32]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, in fact, is the most common adult physical activity behaviour, and according to several authors it presents economic, social, physical and mental benefits [3, 13, 16, 22, 23, 39]. Some studies have reported the associations between perceived environmental variables and walking [4, 9, 20], but also variables derived objectively from empirical data [10, 21, 31]. In this regard, scientists and urbanists have created the term &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;walkability&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; to define the sutability for walking of a particular city, neighborhood or community. Walkability of a community, therefore, &quot;may be conceptualised as the extent to which characteristics of the urban environment and land use may or may not be conducive to residents in the area walking for either leisure, exercise or recreation, to access services, or to travel to work&quot; [21: 113]. It has been identified lots of parameters of the built environment in order to assess the walkability. For the purpuse of this work I have divided them into three categories: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Human perceptions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
-Physical safety, personal security and fears [1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33].          &lt;br /&gt;
-Activity friendliness [4, 9, 11, 12, 16, 31].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;City design and neighborhood characteristics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
-Street network and connectivity [4, 5, 17, 22, 26, 24,&amp;nbsp; 29, 31, 37].            &lt;br /&gt;
-Land-use mix [4, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 27, 29, 31, 37].            &lt;br /&gt;
-Residential density [4, 15, 19, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31].            &lt;br /&gt;
-Built form and block size [12, 14, 18, 24, 26, 27, 37].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Street characteristics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;
-Pedestrian continuity [6, 7, 19, 24, 29, 31, 37].            &lt;br /&gt;
-Sidewalk properties [8, 14, 18, 29, 38].            &lt;br /&gt;
-Topography [8, 14, 30].            &lt;br /&gt;
-Parkings and traffic load [4, 14, 18, 19, 25, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35, 36].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The first group of variables are based on human perceptions, feelings and concerns. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;From aesthetics to transparency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, these &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;social factors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; are very difficult to measure but essential if the researcher attempts to understand how the streets of a town works. In the present work, it has been planned that these aspects can be emerged from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;spatial narratives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; during the participatory research. The second and third groups are more concerned on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;physical attributes of the urban environment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. On the one hand, the former agreggates a serie of variables which define the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;street network structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Concretely, it has been demonstrated that the number of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grist.org/article/2010-06-04-good-neighborhoods-have-lots-of-intersections/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;intersections&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart-takes/are-cul-de-sacs-to-blame-for-stifling-urban-communities/6706/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;cul-de-sacs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; are really important factors which affects the walkability of communities. On the other, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;demographic and land-use characteristics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; of the neighborhoods like &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://globalmidwest.typepad.com/global-midwest/2010/05/the-density-debate.html?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed:+TheMidwesterner+(The+Midwesterner:+Blogging+the+Global+Midwest)&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;population density&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and land-use diversity and accessibility are urban components which determine walking. Despite being really important, it has been decided that the present work will not be involved in the analysis of this subgroup of variables.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Finally and more interesting for the purpuse of this blog, there is the peculiar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;nature of the street surfaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. From the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sustainablecitiescollective.com/Home/33078?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=twitter&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Sustainable+Cities+Collective+(all+posts)&amp;amp;utm_content=Twitter&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;physical barriers for walking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; to the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Apologia/automovil/elpepisoc/20100417elpepisoc_11/Tes&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;play of cars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; on the street game, these are the factors that I have chosen to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/mapa-base-de-las-calles-y-carreteras.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and in the following posts I will try to describe the selected variables as well as the methodology to measure and represent them. The resulting cartography should show &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a landscape of potentials which the participatory process will be able to fulfill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[1] Appleyard, M. 2005. Livable streets for school children. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;NCBW Forum Article&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; 3-7-05: 1-15.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[2] Bayley M., Curtis B., Lupton K. &amp;amp; Wright C. 2004. Vehicle aesthetics and their impact on the pedestrian environment. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transportation Research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 437-450.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[3] Berke E.M., Gottlieb L.M., Moudon A.V., Larson E.B. 2007. Protective Association Between Neighborhood Walkability and Depression in Older Men. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JAGS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(4): 526-533.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[4] Cerin E., Macfarlane D.J., Ko H. &amp;amp; Chan K.A. 2007. Measuring perceived neighbourhood walkability in Hong Kong. Medicine and Science in Sports &amp;amp; Exercise &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(3): 209-217.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[5] Chin G.K., Niel K.P., Giles-corti B., Knuiman M. 2008. Accessibility and connectivity in physical activity studies : The impact of missing pedestrian data. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Preventive Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 41-45.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[6] Coerner B.I. 1998. Cities that work. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;US News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(22): 26-36.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[7] Dumbaugh E. 2005. Safe Streets, Livable Streets. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JAPA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;71&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(3): 283-300.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[8] Emery J., Crump, C. &amp;amp; Bors, P. 2003. Reliability and Validity of Two Instruments Suitability of Sidewalks and Roads. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;American Journal of Health Promotion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 38-47.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[9] Ewing R., Handy S., Brownson R.C., Clemente O. &amp;amp; Winston E. 2006. Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Journal of Physical Activity and Health&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 223-239.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[10] Frank L. D., Schmid T. L., Sallis J. F., Chapman J. &amp;amp; Saelens B.E. 2005. Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form. American Journal of Preventive Medicine &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(2): 117-125.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[11] Gauvin L., et al. 2005. From Walkability to Active Living Potential. A Ecometric Study. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;American Journal of Preventive Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 126-133.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[12] Gehl J., Kaefer L.J. &amp;amp; Reigstad S. 2006. Close encounters with buildings. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Urban Design International&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 29-47.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[13] Greenberg M.R. &amp;amp; Renne J. 2005. Where Does Walkability Matter the Most ? An Environmental Justice Interpretation of New Jersey Data. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 90-100.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[14] Handy S.L. &amp;amp; Clifton K.J. 2001. Evaluating Neighborhood Accessibility: Possibilities and Practicalities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Journal of Transportation and Statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(2/3): 67-78.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[15] Hess, P.M. et al. 1999.Site design and pedestrial travel. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transportation Research Record&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1674&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Paper No. 99-0424: 9-19.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[16] Jacobs, J. 1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Death and Life of Great American Cities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Random House, 624 p.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[17] Krizek K.J. &amp;amp; Johnson P.J. 2005. Proximity to Trails and Cycling and Walking. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JAPA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 34-42.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[18] Landis B.W., Ottenberg R.M., Mcleod D.S. &amp;amp; Guttenplan M. 2007. Modeling the roadside walking environment: a pedestrian&amp;nbsp; level of service. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;TRB Paper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; No. 01-0511.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[19] Lee C. &amp;amp; Moudon A.V. 2006. Correlates of Walking for Transportation or Recreation Purposes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Metro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Journal of Physical Activity and Health&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; 3(1):77-98.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[20] Leslie E., Saelens B., Frank L., et al. 2005. Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: a pilot study. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Health and Place&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 227-236.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[21] Leslie E., Coffee N., Frank L., et al. 2007. Walkability of local communities: Using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Health &amp;amp; Place&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 111-122.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[22] Leyden K.M. 2003. Social Capital and the Built Environment: The Importance of Walkable Neighborhoods. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;American Journal of Public Health&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;93&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(9):1546-1551.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[23] Litman T.A. 2009. Economic Value of Walkability. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transportation Research Record&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 3-11.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[24] Lovasi G.S., Moudon A.V., Pearson A.L., et al. 2008. Using built environment characteristics to predict walking for exercise. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;International Journal of Health Geographics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 1-13.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[25] Manville, M. &amp;amp; Shoup, M. 2004. People, parking and cities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Access &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pp. 2-8.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[26] Mcdonald N.C. 2007. Travel and the social environment: Evidence from Alameda County, California. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transportation Research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 53-63.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[27] Moudon A.V., Lee C., Cheadle A.D., et al. 2006. Operational Definitions of Walkable Neighborhood: Theoretical and Empirical Insights. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Journal of Physical Activity and Health&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 99-117.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[28] Mukhika V. &amp;amp; Shoup D. 2006. Quantity versus quality in off-street parking requirements. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JAPA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(3): 296-308.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[29] Rodríguez D.A., Brisson E.M. &amp;amp; Estupiñán N. 2009. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The relationship between segment-level built environment attributes and pedestrian activity around Bogota’s BRT stations. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transportation Research Part D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(7): 470-478.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[30] Ross CE. 2000. Walking, exercising, and smoking: does neighborhood. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Social Science &amp;amp; Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 265-274.[31] Saelens B.E. &amp;amp; Handy S.L. 2008. Built environment correlates of walking: a review. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Med Sci Sports Exerc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(7): 550-566.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[32] Sallis J.F. &amp;amp; Owen, N. 2002. Ecological models of health behaviour. In: Glanz, K., Lewis, F.M., Rimer, B.K. (Eds.), Health Behaviour and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, third ed. Jossey Bass, San Francisco, pp. 462–484.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[33] Schneider R.J., Ryznar R.M. &amp;amp; Khattak A.J. 2004. An accident waiting to happen: a spatial approach to proactive pedestrian planning. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Prevention&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 193-211.         &lt;br /&gt;
[34] Shoup D.C. 1995. An opportunity to reduce minimum parking requirements. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JAPA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;61&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 14-28.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[35] Shoup D.C. 1999. The Trouble With Minimum Parking Requirements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transport Policy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Part A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;: 549-574.         &lt;br /&gt;
[36] Shoup, D.C. 2003. &quot;Truth in Transportation Planning,&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Journal of Transportation and Statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1):1-16.         &lt;br /&gt;
[37] Southworth I.M. 1997. Walkable Suburbs?: An Evaluation of Neotraditional Communities at the Urban Edge. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JAPA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;63&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(11): 28-44.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[38] Sydnor T.D., Gamstetter D. &amp;amp; Nichols J., et al. 2000. Trees are not the root of sidewalk problems. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Journal of Arboriculture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(1): 20-29.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[39] Zhu X. &amp;amp; Lee C. 2008. Walkability and Safety Around Elementary Schools Economic and Ethnic Disparities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;American Journal of Preventive Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;34&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(4): 282-290.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/la-importancia-del-paisaje-urbano-en-el.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSY0PXleYrpjohLgAIQXINinMot1onnvtvgdHJfr_JeR6O3YoV5w9TSFb85Ib28-0K5cCY1jYoJv3tT1beVGoB2W-8Y57xSO_tlxujwQpzVmPMw94Smtw-Cc6_ujRD2DHf8zoR9032u_Q/s72-c/CIMG5021.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-2685987569532456837</guid><pubDate>Sun, 06 Jun 2010 18:37:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-06T19:37:54.332+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>mapa base de las calles y carreteras // street and road basemap</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpijGMQrlWiR3Zrj9CCpD8oHOE6fB-bP4lP0avMGLAu_SPXSBsDwxbhDF1CvQPZDPdTzr0vy8mmUAQ0AEdcFzYdj1OTHkGSq5UqecM7OuiYyuRSSPpAsKNE6rgUKfZx2tqEmP3xEsHulw/s1600/mapamodificado.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpijGMQrlWiR3Zrj9CCpD8oHOE6fB-bP4lP0avMGLAu_SPXSBsDwxbhDF1CvQPZDPdTzr0vy8mmUAQ0AEdcFzYdj1OTHkGSq5UqecM7OuiYyuRSSPpAsKNE6rgUKfZx2tqEmP3xEsHulw/s400/mapamodificado.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mapa base creado con&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/index.html&quot;&gt;ArcGIS 9.2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de las calles y carreteras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Zuera, también se han añadido los cursos de agua (el Río Gállego y la acequia de Candevanía).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;//&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;A basemap made by&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/index.html&quot;&gt;ArcGIS 9.2&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the streets and roads&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;of the village of Zuera; in addition, it has been added the local watercourses (the Gállego river and the Candevanía channel).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/06/mapa-base-de-las-calles-y-carreteras.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpijGMQrlWiR3Zrj9CCpD8oHOE6fB-bP4lP0avMGLAu_SPXSBsDwxbhDF1CvQPZDPdTzr0vy8mmUAQ0AEdcFzYdj1OTHkGSq5UqecM7OuiYyuRSSPpAsKNE6rgUKfZx2tqEmP3xEsHulw/s72-c/mapamodificado.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-5707991922735377244</guid><pubDate>Sun, 30 May 2010 15:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-05-30T20:58:08.732+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>mapa de las zonas verdes y plazas // open space and greenspace map</title><description>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;object align=&quot;middle&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; id=&quot;smwidget&quot; width=&quot;550&quot;&gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;FlashVars&quot; value=&quot;d=true&amp;z=true&amp;mt=false&amp;id=zuera1&amp;p=true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot;/&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;quality&quot; value=&quot;high&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot; FlashVars=&quot;d=true&amp;z=true&amp;mt=false&amp;id=zuera1&amp;p=true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; name=&quot;smwidget&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; allowFullScreen=&quot;true&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; pluginspage=&quot;http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mapa simplificado creado con&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro.scribblemaps.com/&quot; style=&quot;color: #004477; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Scribble Maps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de las zonas verdes (en&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;) y plazas (en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;azúl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;) de Zuera.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;//&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;A very simplified map made by&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro.scribblemaps.com/&quot; style=&quot;color: #004477; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Scribble Maps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the green areas (in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: lime; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;) and squares or &quot;plazas&quot; (in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;blue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;) of the village of Zuera.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/mapa-de-las-zonas-verdes-y-plazas-open.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-1459219131510247420</guid><pubDate>Fri, 28 May 2010 17:50:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-05-28T18:51:36.727+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><title>narrativas espaciales para una cartografía ciudadana // spatial narratives for a participatory cartography</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Uno de los elementos clave de este proyecto va consistir en la colaboración con varias organizaciones de la comunidad zufariense para la elaboración de una cartografía del &quot;walkscape&quot; de Zuera. Esta metodología es conocida bajo el nombre de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;investigación participativa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, una práctica que por su naturaleza contingente y exploratoria puede producir resultados impredecibles pero sumamente interesantes [1]. Esta técnica es usada por actores locales para &quot;saltar de escala&quot; [2] para contextualizar sus exigencias y proposiciones, y de este modo ganar legitimidad a la hora de presentarlas ante las autoridades locales. En la práctica, sin embargo, la participación ciudadana en los trabajos de investigación no sigue un camino llano como se podría leer en muchos de los textos académicos. En este respecto, entre los&amp;nbsp;problemas generados en procesos participativos que&amp;nbsp;Cornwall y Jewkes [3] apuntan podrían destacarse los siguientes: en primer lugar, la participación es una acción que requiere mucho esfuerzo y tiempo sin posibles beneficios; segundo, dentro de una comunidad no todo el mundo puede o quiere participar; tercero, los procesos participativos no son continuos o predecibles, ya que la gente puede entrar y salir sin previo aviso; cuarto, una comunidad no es una entidad homogénea, el investigador tiene que ser sensible a estas diferencias; quinto, el académico también debe tener en cuenta las consecuencias de sus acciones (por ejemplo, al elegir con quién participar), e incluso los posibles efectos negativos que puede acarrear la colaboración sobre los propios ciudadanos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Este mismo mes se ha llevado a cabo una consulta popular en Barcelona para determinar el proyecto de remodelación de la avenida de la Diagonal. En contra de lo deseado por el alcalde y su equipo, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bcn.es/diagonal/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;los barceloneses eligieron no llevar a cabo ningún tipo de obra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (frente a las otras dos opciones que consistían en proyectos de regeneración). Los medios y la gente en general entienden este resultado como un gran fallo, pero en mi opinión, ha sido una clara lección de los ciudadanos a las autoridades. Una importante lectura señala que el&amp;nbsp;referéndum&amp;nbsp;se llevo a cabo sin tener en cuenta el contexto en el cual se desarrolló el llamado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; espacio de participación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [4, 5]. En primer lugar, este lugar abstracto para la participación ciudadana fue creado por las autoridades locales o &quot;de arriba a abajo&quot;, y por tanto, poseía un claro tinte político. Por otro lado, en España nos encontramos actualmente ante una grave crisis financiera, lo que provoca que los ciudadanos vean con malos ojos cualquier obra que pueda acarrear grandes costos. De todas formas, incluso los espacios participativos creados por los propios &amp;nbsp;ciudadanos (frente a los &quot;invitados&quot;), poseen huellas de pasadas relaciones sociales [5], no existen los espacios neutros. Por tanto, es necesario señalar que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;los procesos de participación ciudadana dependen en gran medida del contexto a diferentes escalas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [6].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfqdRd89ZGjQ_jX1ehi5NvtzkyM2k9w-MJO2H5z16-3pPmSxu4AR4jqjcoDahz4lbVLXrTAX7hHfUQN2RQyB-jX4UY_BUINgbrGbQ_6tVpMir5TIHqIznxowSVYk8B_GMkTZI2CpqLDYo/s1600/ppgis.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;312&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfqdRd89ZGjQ_jX1ehi5NvtzkyM2k9w-MJO2H5z16-3pPmSxu4AR4jqjcoDahz4lbVLXrTAX7hHfUQN2RQyB-jX4UY_BUINgbrGbQ_6tVpMir5TIHqIznxowSVYk8B_GMkTZI2CpqLDYo/s320/ppgis.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Una ciudadana dibuja sus preferencias respecto a un proyecto de equipamientos sobre una de las capas o mapas GIS (visto en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2010/03/paisaje-y-gis.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Paisaje y GIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;). // A citizen drows her housing residents on one of the GIS maps or layers (saw in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paisajetransversal.blogspot.com/2010/03/paisaje-y-gis.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Paisaje y GIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En el presente trabajo la técnica que se ha escogido para involucrar a la comunidad es la llamada &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;cartografía ciudadana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, a través de la cual los residentes interesados pueden escalar la &quot;escalera de la participación ciudadana&quot; de Arnstein [7] y de este modo poder plasmar en un mapa tanto las necesidades como las posibilidades que albergan las calles de Zuera. De este modo los ciudadanos pasan de ser simples beneficiarios o usuarios a participantes o creadores [8]. Los orígenes de los mapas generados por los ciudadanos se remonta a la década de los años 70, por aquel entonces los geógrafos apoyándose en la psicología desarrollaron los denominados mapas &quot;cognitivos&quot; o &quot;mentales&quot;, representaciones del ambiente espacial realizado por los propios miembros de una comunidad [9]. Hoy en día estas herramientas han evolucionado enormemente. De entre la gran variedad de aplicaciones que existen en el mercado o la red cabría destacar los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG o GIS) por su potencial para implicar a los ciudadanos en la investigación urbana o el planeamiento urbanístico [11]. De hecho con el paso de los años, el planeamiento se ha vuelto más complejo y mucho más dependiente de las tecnologías de la información, aumentando el uso de herramientas GIS debido a que cada vez existe más geo-información disponible y accesible por un lado, y por otro, su plataforma se ha vuelto más sencilla para el usuario [12].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Una de las iniciativas más interesantes en los GIS participativos es el llamado &quot;Bottom-up&quot; -de abajo a arriba- GIS. A través de este enfoque los ciudadanos pueden manipular datos geoespaciales y sociales para expresar sus puntos de vista sobre el estado de su barrio o ciudad así como señalar futuras actuaciones en el planeamiento [13]. Esta técnica por tanto se traduce en el uso de un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; lenguaje espacial &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por parte de los ciudadanos y ciudadanas basado en su conocimiento autóctono y percepciones. Como Jane Jacobs señaló en su día, el funcionamiento de las ciudades y los vecindarios son muy difíciles de comprender, incluso para los propios ciudadanos y vecinos, y es que uno &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&quot;nunca se da cuenta de lo complicado que es un barrio o vecindario de una ciudad hasta el momento que uno intenta explicarlo&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [14]. Sobre este respecto, los GIS pueden servir de gran ayuda. Elwood [15] encontró cinco clases diferentes de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;narrativas espaciales &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;en mapas hechos con software GIS por varias organizaciones comunales&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(necesidades, activos, injusticias, logros y reinterpretaciones)&amp;nbsp;sobre la condición y potencialidad de proyectos urbanísticos en la ciudad de Chicago. La superposición e interacción de estas cartografías puede &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;crear una superficie sembrada con potencialidades&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, sobre las cuales se pueden detectar tanto&amp;nbsp;déficits&amp;nbsp;como oportunidades donde poder actuar [16]. Junto esta gran ventaja, los GIS pueden servir como plataforma con la cual los ciudadanos pueden contextualizar y basar sus argumentos [17] y por tanto, legitimizar sus propuestas y expresiones [13].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sin embargo las herramientas GIS también conllevan ciertos límites, inconvenientes y prejuicios . En primer lugar, los sistemas de información geográfica no deben ser sustitutos de otros mecanismos de participación [13], de hecho estos deberían usarse de forma complementaria con otros procedimientos más tradicionales e innovadores como dibujo a mano alzada o programas de foto-manipulación [17]. En segundo lugar, este tipo de aplicaciones suponen un esfuerzo económico, técnico y de tiempo elevado, lo cual puede reducir el acceso a muchos posibles usuarios [18]. Más concretamente, la tecnología GIS requiere un hardware muy avanzado y un esfuerzo para entender las complejidades del programa. En este sentido para muchos ciudadanos el beneficio personal por participar en estos procesos es generalmente muy pequeño comparado con los costes [10]. Por último, es realmente importante apuntar que los GIS tienen la dualidad de otorgar más poder a ciertos ciudadanos pero al mismo tiempo también posee la capacidad de marginalizar a otros [19]. McCall [20], por ejemplo, señala que los GIS permiten acaparar más información a las personas que de por sí ya poseen muchos recursos, y por consiguiente acumulando más poder en un continuo feedback positivo. Además el mismo autor continua afirmando que considerar los GIS como herramientas neutras o apolíticas es un error, ya que depende enormemente de quién los esté usando y para qué fin.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html&quot;&gt;Read in English... &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;One of the key elements of the current project is to engage some community organizations in order to represent their own perceptions of the walkscape of Zuera, this particular methodology is known as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;participatory research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. The inherent nature of this approach are necessarily unpredictable, exploratory and relational [1]. This &#39;bottom-up&#39; technique is used by local activists as &#39;scale jumping&#39; [2] to frame their local concerns by reference to broader patterns, trends and relationships in order to gain legitimacy and to represent their concerns beyond the local level. However, in practicce, participatory analysis rarely follows the smooth pathway implied by theoretical writings. In this respect, Cornwall and Jewkes [3] point out a series of problems concerning participation: it is time and energy consuming, within communities not everyone will be able to participate, involvement in the research process is usually neither continuous nor predictable, a community is a very heterogeneous group, the researcher should be aware of the unintended consequences of his/her choices and biases, and even the possible negative outcomes which can be generated for the research community.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;This month a popular consultation in Barcelona concerning a remodelling project of one of the main streets of the city, the Diagonal. Against the major will, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bcn.es/diagonal/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the inhabitants chose not to regenerate it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. People understand the result as a failure, but in my opinion, this should be interpreted as a lesson from the citizens to the political authorities. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;referendum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, for instance,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; was carried out without taking into account the context of the so-called&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;space of participation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[4, 5]. First, these &#39;invited spaces&#39; created from above through municipal iniciatives are not neutral, but are shaped by the power relations which both enter and sorround them. Secondly, nowadays Spain is suffering a strong financial crisis and hence, the social context has not been set to undertake costly projects. Nevertheless, even spaces which are chosen, taken and demanded through collective action from below have &#39;tracks and traces&#39; of previous social relationship, resources and knowledge [5]. Therefore, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;participation should be understood as context dependent and contingent on particular local and regional setting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [6], and for the purpuse of this work it will be necessary to understand the local dynamics embedded within our space of participation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In the current project the mechanism to community engagement will be the use of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;participatory mapping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, in which some residents will be able to climb the ladder of citizen participation [7] and sketch their necessities and possiblities of the streets of the town. In this regard, residents can move &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;from just &#39;beneficiaries&#39;, &#39;users&#39; or &#39;choosers&#39; to real &#39;makers and shapers&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [8]. The origins of the participatory cartographies are back in the 1970s, at that time geographers drew on psychology to develop the use of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mental maps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; drawn by people to represent their spatial environments [9].&amp;nbsp;Nowadays there have been a great evolution in this sort of tools and channels [10]. Among them, it has demonstrated that Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has a truly interesting potential for engaging communities in urban research or participatory planning [11]. In fact, in the last years, as planning has become more complex and increasingly dependent on information and communication technology instruments, the application of GIS within planning practice has increased because of the tremendous growth in accessible and affordable geodata and the shift of its nature from being primarily technology-driven to being more user-driven [12].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;One of the most interesting initiatives in Participatory GIS (PGIS) is defined as Bottom-Up GIS (BUGIS). In this approach, residents learn to manipulate GIS data to express their views about planning issues, neighborhood meaning and future preferences [13]. BUGIS, thus, can be used by participants as a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;spatial language tool &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;based on local knowledge and residents perceptions. As noted by Jane Jacobs, neighborhoods are really difficult to define, even for their residents, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;“you never realize how complicated a neighborhood within a big city is until you try to explain it”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [14]. In this regard, BUGIS can be very helpful. Elwood [15], for example, found five different types of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;spatial narratives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; about neighborhoods conditions and capacities (needs, asset, injustice, accomplishment and reinterpretation narratives) in the GIS-based maps designed by two community organizations in a development project in Chicago. The interaction of these geographies can &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;create a particular participatory potential surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; wherein can be detect spaces of opportunity as well as spaces of need or deficit [16]. In addition to identify neighborhood potentials and problems, PGIS can make the discussion between planners, authorities and residents contextual, more realistic and with technically supported [17]. For this reason, it may eventually legitimize individual or community expressions and proposals [13].&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Nevertheless, the benefits of using GIS in participatory processes must be also tempered with a clear understanding of its intrinsic limits, drawbacks, and biases. Firstly, GIS cannot be made to substitute for the wide array of ways in which residents express their views about their environment [13]. In fact, PGIS should be complemented with more traditional ways of participation as well as new mechanisms of public engagement such as artists’ freehand sketching or computer-based photo-manipulation [17]. Secondly, it is known that there are some financial, temporal and technical barriers that can impede access to use of GIS [18]. Concretely, GIS technology needs high quality of computer equipment and also time and willingness to understand how the software works. In this respect, for most citizens the personal benefit of getting involved in planning activities and learning how to use a PGIS application is usually little and the costs of participation is rather high [10]. Finally, and more important, it is been stated that PGIS can both empower and marginalize [19]. In fact, McCall [20] points out that information accrues to those already with most resources, thus further accumulating their power. Moreover, he states that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the ‘value-neutral’ of GIS applications is a myth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, and thus, it all depends on what it is being used for, and on who is controlling it.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[1] Pain, R. &amp;amp; Kindon, S. 2007. Participatory geographies. Guest editorial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Environmental and Planning A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 2807-2812.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[2] Ghose, R. 2007. Politics of scale and networks of association in public participation GIS. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Environmental and Planning A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 1961-1980.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[3] Cornwall, A. &amp;amp; Gaventa, J. 2000. From users and choosers to makers and shapers: re.positioning participation in social policy. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;IDS Bulletin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[4] Gaventa, J. 2002. Introduction: Exploring Citizenship, Participation and Accountability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; IDS Bulletin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(2), 1-11.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[5] Cornwall, A. &amp;amp; Jewkes, R. 1995. What is participatory research? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Soc. Sct. Med.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 1667-1676.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[6] Kesby, M. 2007. Spatialising participatory approaches: the contribution of geography to a mature debate. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Environemt and Planning A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 2813-2831.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[7] Arnstein, S. 1969. A ladder of citizens participation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Journal of the American Institute of Planners &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(7), 216-224.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[8] Cornwall, A. &amp;amp; Gaventa, J. 2001. Bridging the gap: citizenship, participation and accountability. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;PLA Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 32-35.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[9] Gould &amp;amp; White, 1974 saw in [3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[10] Krek, 2005. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Rational Ignorance of the Citizens in Public Participatory Planning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;. Paper published in the conference proceedings of CORP, Vienna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[11] Dennis, S.F. 2006. Prospects for qualitative GIS at the intersection of youth development and participatory urban planning. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Environment and Planning A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 2039-2054.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[12] Geertman, 1999 saw in Geertman, S. 2002. Participatory planning and GIS: a PSS to bridge the gap. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Environment and Planning B: Panning and Design&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 21-35.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[13] Tallen, E. 2000. Bottom-Up GIS. A new tool for individual and group expression in participatory planning. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Journal of the American Planning Association&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;66&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(3), 279-294.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[14] Jacobs, J. 1961. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;The Death and Life of Great American Cities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;. Random House, 624 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[15] Elwood, S. 2006a. Beyond Cooptation or Resistance: Urban Spatial Politics, Community Organizations, and GIS-Based Spatial Narratives. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Annals of the Association of American Geographers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;96&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(2), 323-341.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[16] Amin, A., Massey, D. &amp;amp; Thrift, N. 2000. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cities for the many not for the few&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;. Bristol Policy, 48 pages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[17] Al-Kodmany, 1999. Using visualization techniques for enhancing public participation in planning and design: process, implementation and evaluation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Landscape and Urban planning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 37-45.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[18] Elwood, S. 2006b. Critical Issues in Participatory GIS: Deconstructions, Reconstructions, and New Research Directions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Transactions in GIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;(5), 693-708.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[19] Brodnig &amp;amp; Mayer-Schonberger, 2000 saw in [20].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[20] McCall, M.K. 2003. Seeking good governance in participatory-GIS: a review of process and governance dimensions in applying GIS to participatory spatial planning. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Habitat International&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;, 549-573.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/narrativas-espaciales-para-una.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfqdRd89ZGjQ_jX1ehi5NvtzkyM2k9w-MJO2H5z16-3pPmSxu4AR4jqjcoDahz4lbVLXrTAX7hHfUQN2RQyB-jX4UY_BUINgbrGbQ_6tVpMir5TIHqIznxowSVYk8B_GMkTZI2CpqLDYo/s72-c/ppgis.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-8064566100979109504</guid><pubDate>Mon, 24 May 2010 16:05:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-05-24T21:24:38.196+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>numbers, figures and graphs // cifras, figuras y gráficos</title><description>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El municipio de Zuera tiene 7.427 habitantes [1], y como se puede observar en el siguiente gráfico (a), la mayoría están concentrados en el núcleo poblacional que lleva el mismo nombre. En cuanto a su tendencia, la población de Zuera ha ido aumentando progresivamente desde comienzos del siglo pasado (b). De especial importancia es la reciente llegada de inmigrantes desde países de Europa del Este -Rumanía y Polonia principalmente- de Europa buscando oportunidades laborales, principalmente en el sector de la construcción, debido a su desproporcionado desarrollo y a las obras que acarrearon la &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.expozaragoza2008.es/&quot;&gt;exposición internacional realizada en Zaragoza en 2008&lt;/a&gt;. El último gráfico de la sección muestra la estructura de la población (c), del cual se puede obtener que la edad media del municipio es de 40,4 años, la tasa de feminidad de 91,5 y que el 16,5 % de los residentes tienen 65 o más años.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigD3VAYKRdPtsnHyKTsZnqaI2KaXoAb3NOWAxxih5rg8h4CiLE80OBCq8ppel621LZJBaTCAVZZLVW5Rfzr4qms_vAr3XvrUop_ujeFUwaltm4WmYHqr5HxlASUE00IWogJLK2mPTjotI/s1600/graph1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;166&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigD3VAYKRdPtsnHyKTsZnqaI2KaXoAb3NOWAxxih5rg8h4CiLE80OBCq8ppel621LZJBaTCAVZZLVW5Rfzr4qms_vAr3XvrUop_ujeFUwaltm4WmYHqr5HxlASUE00IWogJLK2mPTjotI/s640/graph1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Relación de unidades poblacionales (a), evolución de la población (b), y estructura de población (c). // Relationship of poblational units (a), population evolution (b), and demographic structure (d).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Según los datos de 2001, el municipio presenta 2,344 trabajadores y 299 estudiantes, de los cuales una gran proporción lo hace en la capital y ciudad más cercana, Zaragoza. Por otro lado, los datos del año pasado muestran que los trabajos más numerosos son los funcionarios, seguidos por la industria (alimentación, química, fabricación...), la construcción, la agricultura y ganadería, y el comercio. El número de desempleados ha subido de forma drástica en los dos últimos años (a), siendo la construcción uno de los sectores más afectados debido a &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_inmobiliaria_espa%C3%B1ola_de_2008&quot;&gt;la crisis inmobiliaria&lt;/a&gt;, obligando a volver a sus países de origen a muchos inmigrantes residentes en la localidad. Por último, me gustaría resaltar la evolución del número de vehículos en nuestro pueblo, la cual ha tenido un claro signo positivo en la última docena de años (b).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDGgrzs6arDikxzjl6140XtFDtFn84TwxuRBneyUnpeDuMO21-metbs8NqwGi7X-Adg0fmepu1xzIVYTAbG2L7dxVDjXL12vvNzp1Pmb7DPIIrixHt6CZ6TBgcDa74lcCR_Yy-AoExio/s1600/graph2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDGgrzs6arDikxzjl6140XtFDtFn84TwxuRBneyUnpeDuMO21-metbs8NqwGi7X-Adg0fmepu1xzIVYTAbG2L7dxVDjXL12vvNzp1Pmb7DPIIrixHt6CZ6TBgcDa74lcCR_Yy-AoExio/s640/graph2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Evolución del paro medio anual (a), y evolución del número de turismos (b). // Annual average unemployment evolution (a), and evolution of the number of cars (b).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/numbers-figures-and-graphs-cifras.html&quot;&gt;Read in English...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The municipal area of Zuera has 7,427 inhabitants, of which the majority live in the urban core of Zuera (a). In regard to the population evolution, there has been a progressive growth since the begining of the last century (b). It is important to address that besides a small augment of the natality rate, this is the result of a strong inmigration from East-European countries -especially form Romania and Poland- caused by the job opportunities generated by the Spanish property &amp;nbsp;and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.expozaragoza2008.es/Home/seccion=3&amp;amp;idioma=en_GB.do&quot;&gt;the International Exposition of 2008 in Zaragoza&lt;/a&gt;. The last figure shows the demographic structure (c), in which it can be observed that the average age of the municipal area is approximately 40 years, the feminity rate is 91.5, and finally, more than a 16.5 % of the population is 65 or older.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;According to the 2001 data, the municipal area has 2,344 workers and 299 students, of which a large proportion does it in the closest big city, Zaragoza. In addition, the data from 2009 shows that administration, industry (food industry, chemical industry, manufacturing...), construction, agriculture and husbandry, and commerce are the sectors which have more jobs. On the other hand, the number of unemployed people has increased significantly in the last two years (a), especially in the construction sector because of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Spanish_financial_crisis&quot;&gt;the Spanish financial and Real Estate crisis&lt;/a&gt;. As a result, some inmigrants has been forced to return to their countries. Finally, it is essential for the purpuse of this blog to highlight the increasing trend of the number of cars in the last dozen of years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Portal del Instituto Aragonés de Estadística. 2010. [URL:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://portal.aragon.es/portal/page/portal/IAEST/Principal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;http://portal.aragon.es/portal/page/portal/IAEST/Principal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;] (saw at 24/5/2010)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/numbers-figures-and-graphs-cifras.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigD3VAYKRdPtsnHyKTsZnqaI2KaXoAb3NOWAxxih5rg8h4CiLE80OBCq8ppel621LZJBaTCAVZZLVW5Rfzr4qms_vAr3XvrUop_ujeFUwaltm4WmYHqr5HxlASUE00IWogJLK2mPTjotI/s72-c/graph1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-3392815315938602161</guid><pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 10:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-05-25T10:46:01.744+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>urban evolution // evolución urbanística</title><description>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;1950&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The modern urbanism began in the village of Zuera in the 50s with the creation of the &quot;Plan General&quot; by Regino Borobio. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;This is a typical urban planning of its time, proactive and focused on expanding the urban buildable land. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;It is a planning, thus, closer to the urbanism of the 30s and 40s of the last century&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, in which the most important point was the definition of the block lineups&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, than to the latter urbanism, which was more interested in land management and deliverying urban infrastructures and facilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8k__0Mt3Dyp9-E0uZkJ2px6XRY4gqE-oCO6mmXHeejoPXiP7IuZ38I5pcz16YHGd4pVRNo__co4L-c6RxqE7tgsRR9UHlIqHnccK8dsZ-d2cKiY-lezNxdv66S1IAguhnyY2gj-Jr5Y/s1600/PGOU+1954.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;226&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8k__0Mt3Dyp9-E0uZkJ2px6XRY4gqE-oCO6mmXHeejoPXiP7IuZ38I5pcz16YHGd4pVRNo__co4L-c6RxqE7tgsRR9UHlIqHnccK8dsZ-d2cKiY-lezNxdv66S1IAguhnyY2gj-Jr5Y/s320/PGOU+1954.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&quot;Plan General&quot; of 1,954: urban buildable land classified in 1954 (in yellow), and between 1954 and 1980 (in beige). // Plan General de 1954: suelo urbano edificable calificado en 1954 (en amarillo), y entre 1954 y 1980 (en beis).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In short, it can be said that the planning is applied since its formulation and because of this, it can be addressed three main consequences. Firstly, there was not any development on the land classified as urban developable by the planning. Conversely, there was intensive modifications on the land allocated as no-developable like El Campillo (industrial), and Las Lomas and Las Galias (residential). Secondly, the most consolidated area Zuera, its centre o &quot;casco viejo&quot;, undertook a strong desification due to the fact of the emergence of a new typology of suburban buildings and hence, its landscape and quality of life diminished. Finally, a part of El Ensanche, the urban frabric builded on the hillslope, was outside of ordenance.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoFuzPPiKzoOq1i_-o6vs5W9yJslRg3YxSlXNpsGYo8NP-NmIfjPrxjeVjdHM1wlvPXAfjQN7tRd2LH0TUptTspt9AnaSy7NcqKwLB5dF7ijnBowmbnKGteN-9vd5q4SsNmaUEQ34JZcM/s1600/FOTOS+Zuera+19802_P%C3%A1gina_04.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;224&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoFuzPPiKzoOq1i_-o6vs5W9yJslRg3YxSlXNpsGYo8NP-NmIfjPrxjeVjdHM1wlvPXAfjQN7tRd2LH0TUptTspt9AnaSy7NcqKwLB5dF7ijnBowmbnKGteN-9vd5q4SsNmaUEQ34JZcM/s320/FOTOS+Zuera+19802_P%C3%A1gina_04.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Suburban blocks in Candevanía Street // Tipologías suburbiales en la calle Candevanía [photo by Gonzalo Bullón, 1980]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;1980&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Almost 30 years latter, once Spain moved from the Franco&#39;s dictatorship to democracy, the new local authorities decided making a new urban planning which attempted to solve the problems resulted from the first plan. They found that the village had major needs and pathologies like&lt;b&gt; absence of urban infrastructures, open space and greenspace, and a growing densification of the town&#39;s centre&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The new Plan General did not want to be a simple lineup planning, it had to be a tool as well as a medium to change the village&#39;s environment, and more concretely the urban milieu and, as a result, enhance the quality of life of the villagers. Therefore,&lt;b&gt; this planning attempted not to be just a sketch, but an action programme, supported by a economic and finalcial study&lt;/b&gt;. From the point of view of the land classification, the new planning is conservative. In contrast, the community could obtain new essential urban facilities like a high school, a nursery and a sports centre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguPlTWArMGaHUXYf_2sVETCzH7WU1NX42nHx4dvBc95YJViy2Qpro2h3ObzECCE1331S3W8jrfNzgTxmt1CHRjYvvNDiztW99T1q0mBqMamjpKnrwXbCaRukJzAXj2e_E_l6RZZ_VOQec/s1600/PGOU+1980.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;226&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguPlTWArMGaHUXYf_2sVETCzH7WU1NX42nHx4dvBc95YJViy2Qpro2h3ObzECCE1331S3W8jrfNzgTxmt1CHRjYvvNDiztW99T1q0mBqMamjpKnrwXbCaRukJzAXj2e_E_l6RZZ_VOQec/s320/PGOU+1980.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&quot;Plan General&quot; of 1,980: urban buildable land classified as urban (in yellow), and developable (in red). // Plan General de 1980: suelos clasificados como urbanos (en amarillo), y urbanizables (en rojo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Moreover, its goals were to classify as consolidated urban land the surface of El Ensanche and &amp;nbsp;to improve its urban infrastructure, to deliver the necessary facilities which the residents of Zuera needed: sports (swimming pool and sports centre), educational and cultural (high school and library) and administrative facilities (new town hall), to create a new network system of open space and greenspaces such as the Parque Municipal near the river Gállego, to improve the urban landscape, modifying the use of some streets, narrow alleys (&quot;callizos&quot;) and squares (&quot;plazas&quot;), and finally, to diminish the urban use in the town centre, reducing the housing maximum heigh, for instance.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEgVwvZzAl4Wm7NkD35s5rCQYf6Edc3QFTISWGl2ZSWLGdCxzWwBg-hvYXV0lLlbPjVhh867y6U-_zuCh_riGxbVcERDjjMPTDA-24eR338ZFbN70JVkOYIpDLAkEsxpmow6uiZyiVCOg/s1600/Plaza+de+la+Iglesia.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEgVwvZzAl4Wm7NkD35s5rCQYf6Edc3QFTISWGl2ZSWLGdCxzWwBg-hvYXV0lLlbPjVhh867y6U-_zuCh_riGxbVcERDjjMPTDA-24eR338ZFbN70JVkOYIpDLAkEsxpmow6uiZyiVCOg/s320/Plaza+de+la+Iglesia.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Church Plaza // Plaza de la Iglesia [photo by José Aznar Grasa]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;1990&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;According to the own Plan General of 1980, its period of life was eight years, once these were completed it was decided to undertake a revision and an ulterior modification. The main actions were the outline of the national road 123, the enlargement of the industrial land, the urban developable land between Zuera and El Campillo, and in Las Lomas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRKF3B4Y_b1UHf08xJIvpY9xUYI-E2EfMxXgvd77NoS4Qs4bBLlWGLnPusXaL91Ecbb9zyQ-QbU0Sg_7qcdFz5BeEA6kCMc82sCCMd2kW9zwRg9XZmAqn4NHxD4mg5pOyVomRyy24SMpc/s1600/PGOU+1991.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRKF3B4Y_b1UHf08xJIvpY9xUYI-E2EfMxXgvd77NoS4Qs4bBLlWGLnPusXaL91Ecbb9zyQ-QbU0Sg_7qcdFz5BeEA6kCMc82sCCMd2kW9zwRg9XZmAqn4NHxD4mg5pOyVomRyy24SMpc/s320/PGOU+1991.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Plan General&quot; of 1,991: urban buildable land classified as urban (in yellow) and developable (in red), and new additions of urban developable land after the year 2001 (in orange). // Plan General de 1980: suelos clasificados como urbanos (en amarillo) y urbanizables (en rojo), y ampliación de suelos urbanizables posterior a 2001 (en naranja).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/urban-evolution-evolucion-urbanistica.html&quot;&gt;Leer en castellano...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;1950&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La actividad urbanística en la Villa de Zuera sufre en los años 50 un hito importante: la formulación del Plan General.&amp;nbsp;Redactado por Regino Borobio, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;es un Plan típico de su tiempo, voluntarista y bastante expansivo en la clasificación de suelos urbanos y por ello, aptos para ser edificados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Un plan más cercano al urbanismo de los años 30 y 40 de ese siglo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; donde la “definición de alineaciones” primaba sobre cualquier otra consideración, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;que al urbanismo posterior, más preocupado por la gestión de suelos y la consecución de infraestructuras y equipamientos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Con sus luces y sombras el plan cumplió un importante papal a la hora de ordenar el desarrollo urbanístico de Zuera.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A modo de resumen se puede decir que el plan es seguido fielmente a lo largo de su vigencia y que ese seguimiento tiene importantes consecuencias entre las que destacamos las tres que consideramos más significativas. En primer lugar,&amp;nbsp;nulo desarrollo urbanístico de los suelos clasificados como urbanos por el plan y modificaciones importantes para clasificar suelos no urbanizables que si se desarrollaron: El Campillo (industrial), Las Lomas y Las Galias (residenciales). Segundo, los aprovechamientos urbanísticos propuestos por este plan general para la zona mas consolidada de Zuera, el casco viejo, resultaron claramente excesivos, propiciando la aparición de tipologías edificatorias suburbiales que degradaron la escena urbana y su calidad de vida. Por último, parte del Ensanche, tejido urbano en media ladera, estaba fuera de ordenación.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;1980&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pasados casi 30 años desde su redacción, habiéndose efectuado el cambio de régimen, las nuevas autoridades locales decidieron redactar un nuevo plan general tratando de paliar las carencias observadas&amp;nbsp; en el Plan del 56, revisión que se realizo&amp;nbsp; el año 1.980.&amp;nbsp;Las autoridades de aquel momento se encuentran un pueblo con importantes carencias y patologías que afectan muy negativamente a la escena urbana y a la calidad de vida de sus habitantes:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;carencia de equipo urbano y zonas verdes y de recreo,&amp;nbsp;carencias de Infraestructuras: urbanización deficiente y&amp;nbsp;densificación creciente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; no deseable del casco viejo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 71.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El nuevo plan no quiere ser un simple plan de alineaciones, donde su única preocupación sea la regulación de la actividad edificatoria de los particulares, quiere ser, también, un instrumento transformador del medio ambiente, principalmente el urbano, y aumentar la calidad de vida del mismo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El plan ya no será solo un plano, será también, un programa de actuaciones, apoyado por un estudio económico y financiero que lo haga posible&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;Desde el punto de vista de la clasificación de suelos el nuevo Plan es conservador, recoge como suelos urbanos, los consolidados por la edificación, con la única excepción de la zona agroindustrial al sur, y cambio de urbanos a urbanizables aquellos no consolidados. La comunidad pudo obtener, en ambos casos, suelo para alojar equipamientos tan importantes como: instituto, guardería y polideportivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El nuevo plan se propuso como objetivos principales:&amp;nbsp;clasificar como urbanos &amp;nbsp;los suelos consolidados del ensanche olvidados por el Plan anterior, legalizando su situación, mejorar las infraestructuras urbanas: agua, vertido, pavimentación etc.,&amp;nbsp;dotar a Zuera de los equipamientos necesarios para atender&amp;nbsp; adecuadamente las demandas de su población: deportivos (piscinas, polideportivo etc.), educativos y culturales (instituto, biblioteca, etc.), administrativos (nuevo ayuntamiento),&amp;nbsp;crear “ex-novo” un sistema de espacios públicos y de recreo como el Parque Municipal junto al Gállego, mejorar la escena urbana, modificando el uso de algunas calles y plazas de la villa, y urbanizándolas para esos nuevos usos: peatonalización de las plazas principales y de los denominados “callizos”, y finalmente,&amp;nbsp;reducir los aprovechamientos urbanísticos en el casco viejo: limitando el fondo máximo edificable en plantas alzadas a 12 m. y reduciendo la altura máxima edificable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;1990&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Según las determinaciones del propio plan de 1980, su periodo de vigencia era de 8 años, cumplidos los cuales se estimo oportuno proceder a su revisión que finalmente se tramito como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;modificación&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; porque sus determinaciones no afectaban a la Estructura General de la Ordenación del Plan&amp;nbsp; anterior, que se redacto a principios de los años 90. Los aspectos principales que esta Modificación recogió fueron:&amp;nbsp;el trazado de la variante de la carretera nacional 123, ampliación suelo industrial, ampliación suelo urbanizable entre Zuera y el Campillo y por último, ampliacion Suelo Urbanizable junto a Las Lomas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Aznar Grasa, J. Unpublished. Zuera 1950-210. Evolución Urbanística.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/urban-evolution-evolucion-urbanistica.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8k__0Mt3Dyp9-E0uZkJ2px6XRY4gqE-oCO6mmXHeejoPXiP7IuZ38I5pcz16YHGd4pVRNo__co4L-c6RxqE7tgsRR9UHlIqHnccK8dsZ-d2cKiY-lezNxdv66S1IAguhnyY2gj-Jr5Y/s72-c/PGOU+1954.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-2671625227731526025</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 May 2010 10:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-05-30T18:29:41.291+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MAPS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>residential and industrial map // mapa de uso residencial e industrial</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object align=&quot;middle&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; id=&quot;smwidget&quot; width=&quot;550&quot;&gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;FlashVars&quot; value=&quot;mt=false&amp;d=true&amp;z=true&amp;id=dVq6ES4Xhf&amp;p=true&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot;/&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;quality&quot; value=&quot;high&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://widgets.scribblemaps.com/smwidget.swf&quot; FlashVars=&quot;mt=false&amp;d=true&amp;z=true&amp;id=dVq6ES4Xhf&amp;p=true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; name=&quot;smwidget&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; allowFullScreen=&quot;true&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; pluginspage=&quot;http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A very simplified map made by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro.scribblemaps.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Scribble Maps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; of the residential (in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;) and industrial (in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;red&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;) areas of the village of Zuera. // Mapa simplificado creado con &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro.scribblemaps.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Scribble Maps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; del uso residencial (en &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;verde&lt;/span&gt;) e industrial (en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;rojo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;) de Zuera.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/residential-and-industrial-map-mapa-de.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s72-c/cc_logo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-3640073259218598923</guid><pubDate>Thu, 13 May 2010 15:29:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-05-30T20:58:41.473+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">METHODOLOGY</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">STUDY AREA</category><title>between the hill, the stone and the river // entre el monte, la piedra y el río</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In order to understand how a town works, it is essential to know its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;spatial, social and historical context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. While the current post describes its landscape [1, 2], the following ones will be focused on its history and urban evolution. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The village of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Zuera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; is situated within the municipal area of its same name. This is located within the province of Zaragoza, concretely 26 northeast from the capital of Aragon, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=zaragoza&amp;amp;sll=41.838107,-0.933666&amp;amp;sspn=0.103721,0.154324&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Zaragoza,+Arag%C3%B3n&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=11&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Zaragoza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Further, the municipal area of Zuera has a total surface of 33,317 ha, and it is geographically placed between the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ebro basin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Exterior Sierras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; of the pre-Pyrenees. The Gállego river runs through the region and its average altitude is approximately 300 m, although in the highest part of the &quot;monte&quot;&amp;nbsp;there are hills&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;which can reach 700 m as the 726 m of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La Lomaza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, the highest hill of the area.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The landscape of the municipal area is very diverse. In fact, we can find a mixture of flat and hilly (&quot;alomados&quot;) surfaces. The flat territories, on the one hand, are shaped by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;the Gállego river&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; dynamics, that is the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;ll=41.866605,-0.782379&amp;amp;spn=0.00648,0.009645&amp;amp;z=17&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Quaternary alluvial terraces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Dwelling on these horizontal surfaces the different urban areas&amp;nbsp;(Zuera, El Portazgo, barrio de la Estación, Las Galias, Ontinar de Salz, and Las Lomas del Gállego) as well as the industrial parks&amp;nbsp;(El Campillo and Los Llanos de la Estación). Moreover on the terraces and the alluvial landscape it is possible to find orchards and irrigated agriculture crops.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwpVdoQPqihsr-r8U1AuwQq36AguHEtnLZghd_KiyUxEXi7rUEm970M_SelUMSx1ja9GH5H9oC5PcbUZ2ZvGOmkUhZ6CRut_n7Gy80zndeV_p4vt7MEhiYzYz9-imweqHVd8ZCcab4Y4o/s1600/Rio1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwpVdoQPqihsr-r8U1AuwQq36AguHEtnLZghd_KiyUxEXi7rUEm970M_SelUMSx1ja9GH5H9oC5PcbUZ2ZvGOmkUhZ6CRut_n7Gy80zndeV_p4vt7MEhiYzYz9-imweqHVd8ZCcab4Y4o/s320/Rio1.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;The turquoise water of the Gállego river // Las aguas turquesas del Gállego [photo by José Aznar Grasa]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;On the other, the hilly landscape is composed by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;ll=41.872661,-0.808654&amp;amp;spn=0.025916,0.038581&amp;amp;z=15&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tertiary structural platforms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, made by geological materials like marl and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;gypsum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, the latter is considered as one of the most conspicuous elements of the landscape of Zuera. These soft rocks make a fragile and brittle landscape, and as a result, the hillslopes have plenty of long incisions and small ravines. Because of these particular geological features, there are several small basins with flat bottom where rainfed crops can develop.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrm3L8BdmJBJyCFApnTXi6CfjqfJPFLRTCTPJZXaWvBUujCF_8Pmp8acjasTFy5fZuUtVUYpZ2_705f3pE6DAh5bA0NChjscUoA4Ny9iAh9C7rh6NwFkxJz7N7AUYzC2I_OyKz40nYuoA/s1600/06122007(006).jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrm3L8BdmJBJyCFApnTXi6CfjqfJPFLRTCTPJZXaWvBUujCF_8Pmp8acjasTFy5fZuUtVUYpZ2_705f3pE6DAh5bA0NChjscUoA4Ny9iAh9C7rh6NwFkxJz7N7AUYzC2I_OyKz40nYuoA/s320/06122007(006).jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Agricultural semi-steppe landscape characterized by gypsum rocks, mediterranean shrubs and rainfed crops // Paisaje estepario caracterizado por los yesos, matorral mediterráneo y cultivos de secano [photo by José Aznar Grasa]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Finally, in the northwest part of the municipal area, in which the landscape is more abrupt and hilly, there can be seen the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;ll=41.954384,-0.899506&amp;amp;spn=0.051766,0.077162&amp;amp;z=14&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;limestone surfaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; at the top of the so-called &quot;muelas&quot; or &quot;mesas&quot; (small plateaus) that are typical of the landscape of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&quot;monte alto&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; and its pinewoods.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;goog_616133829&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;goog_616133830&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx8tS_eGcnYav67keTi07hmyoDgUI5VTHjQ3mnz5TlTOrS61zW2eg-zLfTBgbEDMSHtCRQiCEl9bG-DFcfjTOjATADD2SbejsjlPYVYKaUbj5PEjh49uno-38HcwWyzx1ZQH5Ra_v_UvM/s1600/DSCN5018.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx8tS_eGcnYav67keTi07hmyoDgUI5VTHjQ3mnz5TlTOrS61zW2eg-zLfTBgbEDMSHtCRQiCEl9bG-DFcfjTOjATADD2SbejsjlPYVYKaUbj5PEjh49uno-38HcwWyzx1ZQH5Ra_v_UvM/s320/DSCN5018.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;The common components of one scene at the &quot;monte alto&quot;: pines (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pinus halepensis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;), crops and gypsum wall // Componentes típicos que se pueden encontrar en el monte alto: bosques de pino &quot;halepo&quot; o &quot;carrasco&quot; (Pinus halapensis), cultivos y muro de piedra de yeso [photo by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín]&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/between-hill-stone-and-river-entre-el.html&quot;&gt;Leer en castellano...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Para poder entender la dinámica de un pueblo es esencial conocer su &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;contexto espacial, social e histórico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. De esta forma, en esta entrada se describirá el paisaje de la comarca&amp;nbsp;[1, 2],&amp;nbsp;mientras que en los siguientes se tratará su evolución histórica y urbanística.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El pueblo de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Zuera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; se encuentra dentro del término municipal del mismo nombre. Éste se encuentra situado en la provincia de Zaragoza, concretamente a 26 Km al noreste de la capital aragonesa, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=zaragoza&amp;amp;sll=41.838107,-0.933666&amp;amp;sspn=0.103721,0.154324&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Zaragoza,+Arag%C3%B3n&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=11&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Zaragoza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. El término municipal de Zuera cuenta con una superficie de 33.317 ha, se encuentra geográficamente ubicado entre la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;depresión del Ebro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, y las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sierras Exteriores prepirenaicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, está recorrido por el Gállego y su altitud media ronda los 300 m, aunque en las zonas más altas del monte se alcanzan los 700 m (con máximo en los 726 m de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La Lomaza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La topografía que configura el término municipal es diversa, encontrando una combinación y transición entre espacios llanos y espacios alomados. Las zonas con relieve llano corresponden a la morfología propia de la dinámica del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;río Gállego&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, se trata de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=41.866605,-0.782379&amp;amp;spn=0.00648,0.009645&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=17&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;terrazas fluviales cuaternarias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Aprovechando las superficies planas de estas terrazas, se ubican las diferentes cascos urbanos de los núcleos que componen el municipio (Zuera, El Portazgo, barrio de la Estación, Las Galias, Ontinar de Salz, y Las Lomas del Gállego) así como los dos polígonos industriales con los que cuenta (El Campillo y Los Llanos de la Estación). Sobre las terrazas y el entorno aluvial del río también podemos encontrar amplios espacios dedicados a huerta y al cultivo de regadío.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Los terrenos de relieve alomado son los correspondientes a las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=41.872661,-0.808654&amp;amp;spn=0.025916,0.038581&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=15&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;plataformas estructurales terciarias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, conformadas por materiales geológicos como las margas y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;los&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;yesos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, siendo el último uno de los elementos más característicos del paisaje zufariense. Estas rocas conforman un sustrato frágil, por lo cual podemos observar fuertes incisiones y múltiples barranquillos en las laderas. Debido a estas carácterísticas geológicas, aparece la disposición de abundantes barrancos de fondo plano entre las lomas, los cuales suelen estar ocupados por cultivos de secano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En los terrenos situados en la zona noroeste del municipio, coincidentes con la topografía más abrupta, destacan, las &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.es/maps?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=41.954384,-0.899506&amp;amp;spn=0.051766,0.077162&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=14&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;superficies calcáreas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; que coronan las &quot;muelas&quot; o las &quot;mesas&quot;, y que caracterizan el paisaje del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;monte alto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; dentro del pinar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Página web del Ayuntamiento de Zuera: www.ayunzuera.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Gracia Aísa, C. 2005. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La flora de Zuera y sus pinares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Ediciones Prames. 223 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilFAmZc2Kzya-y4CZCjpz8EXzMimI6hPR0-hiEqbvgoPL3PAJJs0mdJ7FFVlNb6rRuhjpbNFOPGKMJ9z40aqLmbE_kiNhzoDWl3DdwgtmuIy9ZYUS6FmSuzKCj35kJEmV_7YtJfFfY82w/s1600/cc_logo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/05/between-hill-stone-and-river-entre-el.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Ramiro)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwpVdoQPqihsr-r8U1AuwQq36AguHEtnLZghd_KiyUxEXi7rUEm970M_SelUMSx1ja9GH5H9oC5PcbUZ2ZvGOmkUhZ6CRut_n7Gy80zndeV_p4vt7MEhiYzYz9-imweqHVd8ZCcab4Y4o/s72-c/Rio1.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6181745882596669866.post-1893706341932691291</guid><pubDate>Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:05:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-23T12:52:34.094+01:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCTION</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">LITERATURE REVIEW</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">OBJECTIVES</category><title>irrigating our streets with potential // sembrar nuestras calles con potencial</title><description>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;by Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;It would be a stupidity to say that this road has not been walked before. In fact, many did it long time ago. In this post I will try to summarize &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;those who have inspired me to choose this particular route&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. As we move through the text, the zoom will shift from the bottom of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;walkscape&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(streets and corners) to its top (landscapes and territories). I am sure that I will forget some, but likewise I will find others as the project progresses.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;It is impossible to start a work related to liveable neighorhoods without mentioning the masters piece of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jane Jacobs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Death and Life of Great American Cities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [1]. Neither an architect, nor a planner, this amazing woman with her &lt;span id=&quot;goog_4111957&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Greenwich+Village+new+york&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Greenwich+Village,+Nueva+York&amp;amp;ei=NiDQS6C2KYunsAbv8sWWDw&amp;amp;ved=0CA0Q8gEwAA&amp;amp;ll=40.731389,-73.996868&amp;amp;spn=0.036683,0.077162&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=14&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;cbll=40.731419,-73.996975&amp;amp;panoid=7vYy4ziKmm4l494JSvW1ig&amp;amp;cbp=12,18.9,,0,1.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Greenwich Village&lt;span id=&quot;goog_4111958&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#39;s neighbors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; won the battle against Robert Moses&#39; plan to bulldoze a network of expressways and bridges through dozens of other neighborhoods. In her book Jacobs discussed in detail &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;what &amp;nbsp;makes dense cities work, and how modern urban design practices undermine many of the qualities that promote &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pedestrian use of the street and neighborhood contacts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Others works in this vein include &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jan Gehl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&#39;s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Life between Buildings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2], and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;William H. Whyte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&#39;s documentary film &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [3].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDyvPoLOM867fqQYvV9VUI-xGyyD5nVDCSL_EAnBUNRMOBO6GqpwCfwdQJ_0VJBZOrJWm0_XssPBLyjg-u6NDRF8FJsdBdbwxaSnD34EzoZhbbP1xf9EC411zTmf2KS7RZwxseM9Shd7k/s1600/jacobs600.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;185&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDyvPoLOM867fqQYvV9VUI-xGyyD5nVDCSL_EAnBUNRMOBO6GqpwCfwdQJ_0VJBZOrJWm0_XssPBLyjg-u6NDRF8FJsdBdbwxaSnD34EzoZhbbP1xf9EC411zTmf2KS7RZwxseM9Shd7k/s400/jacobs600.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Jane Jacobs, center, at the White Horse Tavern, a mainstay of her block, in 1961, shortly after the publication of her epochal book (source: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/nyregion/thecity/30huds.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;). // Jane Jacobs, en el centro, en la White Horse Tavern, un lugar de encuentro en su vecindario, en 1961, poco después de su gran libro (fuente:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/nyregion/thecity/30huds.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The next of the journey concerns to what is called &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;landscape urbanism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, and more concretely, the relatively recent formulations of professionals such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Rem Koolhaas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;James Corner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bernard Tschumi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Stan Allen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. They claim for moving from both modernist and New Urbanist models of ordening the city, to more &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;open-ended, strategic models&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. For them, horizontal surfaces (from the sidewalk to the entire matrix of urban surfaces) are understood as urban infrastrure and hence, urbanism should be a strategy towards the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&quot;irrigation of territories with potential&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[4]. Unlike architecture, which consumes the potential of a site in order to project, urban infrastructure sows the seeds of future possibility, staging the ground for both uncertainty and promise [5].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Finally,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;it is necessary to cite &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ian L. McHarg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&#39;s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Design with nature&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [6].&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;From the streetscape to landscape urbanism to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;landscape ecology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, McHarg&#39;s book brought together environmental and urban planning concerns. He proposed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;a methodology wherein landscapes could be analyzed according to their social values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, and hence, as mentioned above, using the potential deficits to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&quot;design with nature&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Indeed, this method was the precursor of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) methodology as well as the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) applications. This vision is shared as well by other authors such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fernando González Bernáldez&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; and his &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ecología y Paisaje&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [7], and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;James Lovelock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, whose &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_hypothesis&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Gaia hypothesis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; warns us about the complex ties which connected the physical and biological components of Earth&#39;s landscapes [8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zuerawalkscape.blogspot.com/2010/04/irrigating-our-streets-with-potential.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Leer en castellano...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por Ramiro Aznar Ballarín&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sería muy ingenuo pensar que el camino que me dispongo a emprender no se ha recorrido con anterioridad. De hecho, no es ninguna novedad. En esta entrada intentaré resumir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;aquellos que tomaron la misma dirección y me inspiraron a seguir su ejemplo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. A medida que el texto avance el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;zoom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; se irá alejando desde las calles y esquinas de nuestros pueblos hasta el nivel de paisaje o territorio. Seguramente me olvidaré muchos, pero por otro lado, otros tantos surgirán mientras avance el proyecto.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;No es posible empezar un trabajo relacionado con la habitabilidad de los barrios sin mencionar la obra maestra de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jane Jacobs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Vida y Muerte de las Grandes Ciudades&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [1]. Esta&amp;nbsp;increíble&amp;nbsp;mujer que ni era arquitecta ni urbanista, junto con sus vecinos del barrio&amp;nbsp;neoyorquino de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Greenwich+Village+new+york&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Greenwich+Village,+Nueva+York&amp;amp;ei=NiDQS6C2KYunsAbv8sWWDw&amp;amp;ved=0CA0Q8gEwAA&amp;amp;ll=40.731389,-73.996868&amp;amp;spn=0.036683,0.077162&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=14&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;cbll=40.731419,-73.996975&amp;amp;panoid=7vYy4ziKmm4l494JSvW1ig&amp;amp;cbp=12,18.9,,0,1.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Greenwich Village&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ganó la lucha contra Robert Moses y su plan de arrasar con docenas de vecindarios para construir una red de autopistas. En su libro Jacobs describe con gran detalle y cariño que es lo que hace los barrios &quot;funcionar&quot;, y como el planeamiento urbanístico de la época (y en la mayoría de los casos, también actual)&amp;nbsp;socavaba muchas de las&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; características que promueven el uso de las aceras y el contacto social entre los ciudadanos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Con el mismo propósito, se pueden nombrar obras como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Life between buildings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jan Gehl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [2], o el documental de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;William H. Whyte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La siguiente para de nuestro viaje hace referencia a la disciplina interdisciplinar denominada como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;urbanismo del paisaje&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, y más concretamente, a su última tradición encarnada por profesionales como &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Rem Koolhaas, James Corner, Bernard Tschumi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Stan Allen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Estos autores se alejan de los modelos estáticos modernistas y del Nuevo Urbanismo, y proclaman un urbanismo guiado por &lt;b&gt;estrategias con final abierto&lt;/b&gt;. Para ellos, las superficies horizontales urbanas (aceras, calles, pavimentos...) son infraestructuras con una gran capacidad de creación, participación, memoria y resiliencia, y por tanto, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;idóneas para sembrarlas de potencial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [4]. Al contrario que la arquitectura, la cual consume el potencial de los lugares donde se desarrollan sus proyectos, el urbanismo del paisaje es una disciplina que esparce posibilidades de futuro [5].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Por último, es totalmente necesario citar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Design with nature&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Ian L. McHarg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [6]. Ésta obra nos permite atravesar las ramificaciones del urbanismo del paisaje y llegar hasta una disciplina transversal, como es la&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; ecología del paisaje&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Según la metodología de McHarg &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;el paisaje puede ser analizado en relación a un conjunto de valores sociales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, y al igual que los anteriores autores, aquí también es posible encontrar vacíos de potencial en los que poder &quot;diseñar con la naturaleza&quot;. De hecho, este método fue el precursor de los bien conocidos informes de estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). En esta misma línea podemos encontrar las ideas del ecólogo español &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fernando González Bernáldez&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y su &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ecología y Paisaje&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [7], y a una escala mayor, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;James Lovelock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; y su &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tesis_de_Gaia&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;hipótesis Gaia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; [8].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1] Jacobs, J. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House, 624 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2] Gehl, J. 1987.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Life between buildings.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Van Nostrand Reinhold, 202 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Whyte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, W.H. 1979.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Conservation Foundation, 125.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[4] Koolhaas, R. 1995. What Happened to Urbanism. In: Koolhaas, R. &amp;amp; Mau, B. 1995. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;S, M, L, XL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Monacelli, 969 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[5] Corner, J. 2006. Terra Fluxus. In: Waldheim, C. 2006. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Landscape Urbanism Reader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Princeton Architectural Press, 295 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[6] McHarg, I.L. 1992. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Design with nature&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Wiley, 198 p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[7] González Bernáldez, F. 1981.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Ecología y Paisaje&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;. Blume, 251 p.&lt;br /&gt;
[8] Lovelock, J. 2000. &lt;i&gt;The ages of Gaia: a biography of our living planet.&lt;/i&gt; Oxford University Press, 255 p.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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