NEW YORK
Standing atop the Empire State Building and looking out on the expanse of glinting skyscrapers and miniature yellow taxicabs, Lili Ma had no doubt that New York was the place to be on her vacation from China.
“Everybody needs to bite the Big Apple,” the 36-year-old said with a smile.
Tourism advertising for New York — and for the United States as a whole — is still forbidden in Miss Ma’s native China. But everyone knows about this place, she said. Her friends watch “Sex and the City,” and even her mother has heard of California and New York.
That name recognition, coupled with a growing interest in tourism among Chinese who have increased their income levels as travel restrictions ease, could bring a fortune to hotels, tour companies and attractions across the U.S.
The number of Chinese who travel outside their homeland each year is expected to nearly triple to 100 million by 2020, and American cities and businesses are positioning themselves to profit from what they hope will be a tourist boom. They are establishing offices in China and lobbying the government to ease restrictions on travel to the U.S.
“In the next 10 years, it will probably dwarf any overseas market we may have, with the potential to dwarf all overseas markets combined,” said Bruce Bommarito, vice president of international market development for the Travel Industry Association.
Although the number of Chinese visitors is increasing, American tourist attractions have not been overrun. Just 320,000 Chinese — 1.5 percent of all overseas visitors — traveled to the United States last year. Of the Chinese who left the mainland, fewer than one in 100 headed for the U.S., American and Chinese authorities said.
But many American entrepreneurs think that number could explode.
Noel Irwin Hentschel, chief executive officer of tour operator AmericanTours International, said China will be her company’s top business focus in the coming decades. Speaking by phone from China, where she now spends half her time, she predicts that by 2009, Chinese tourists will account for one-tenth of the roughly 1 million customers her company ferries across the United States each year.
“There’s more than a billion people here,” Mrs. Hentschel said. “Twenty percent of them are the ones with the money, with the ability to travel, from what we understand. There’s a lot of pent-up demand.”
Rising disposable income — now averaging $4,500 a year in cities such as Beijing — has made travel an increasingly attainable luxury, and one that is often viewed as a status symbol.
“China has a booming economy and the middle class is growing very rapidly,” said Miss Ma, on a five-day, Mandarin-language bus tour of the Northeast. Faced with this new wealth, most people “want to go out of China and open their eyes,” she said.
“In other parts of the U.S., they don’t have many parties. They go to sleep early,” she said before heading to see Wall Street and the World Trade Center site. But “New York is very interesting: They have many fashion shows and many parties.”
To mine that interest in luxury, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Co. LLC plans to open six hotels in China in coming years, out of the 19 it is planning worldwide. Executives hope the expansion will help establish Ritz-Carlton as a high-status brand among the Chinese, said Vice President of Public Relations Vivian Deuschl. They are attractive customers both for their sheer numbers and for their spending habits, she said.
“They’re very brand-conscious,” Ms. Deuschl said. “The Chinese show every indication that they will be the strongest luxury-brand loyalists anywhere.”
Chinese with personal wealth estimated at more than $1 million rank travel as their top leisure activity, according to a survey by the Hurun Report in Shanghai.
Gambling is also popular among Chinese visitors, and Las Vegas has been working hard to cash in on their desire to find a seat at the blackjack and baccarat tables. Another favorite is dining in Chinese restaurants and visiting the nearest Chinatown, in part to see how Chinese-Americans live, Mrs. Hentschel said.
Including money lost at the tables in Las Vegas and elsewhere, Chinese travelers on average spend about $5,800 per visit — more than residents of any other nation except India, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Smaller businesses, too, are working to draw Chinese visitors.
The Corning Museum of Glass in upstate New York has wined and dined Chinese tour operators, catering especially to bus companies that pass through the area on their way between New York City and Niagara Falls. Now, one in five of their 350,000 yearly visitors arrive on Mandarin-language tours.
City and state tourism offices increasingly step into the mix, often sidestepping restrictions placed on the U.S. by negotiating directly with the Chinese government.
In 2004, Nevada — with the state’s Commission on Tourism then under the direction of Mr. Bommarito — became the first non-nation to win approval from the Chinese government to open a tourism office in the country and advertise directly to the Chinese public.
Los Angeles, San Francisco and Hawaii have since reached their own deals with Beijing, gaining permission to open offices or hire representatives. New York hopes to follow suit. Officials at the city’s tourism office say they are in negotiations for permission to hire representatives.
Such individual deals are necessary because China has not awarded the United States” approved destination status,” a designation that would facilitate group travel to the States and allow tourism advertising directly to the Chinese public.
Some industry advocates say U.S. government restrictions present an even bigger obstacle, making it difficult for some Chinese to acquire tourist and business visas. But Tony Edson, State Department assistant secretary for visa services, says the refusal rate of one in four is close to the worldwide average and the refusals are a necessary precaution against illegal immigration.
At last week’s trade talks, the United States and China signed a declaration of intent to hold negotiations on easing Chinese travel to the United States, but it is not clear how soon this might happen.
One thing is certain: Chinese travel is already booming.
“This is a market of enormous size,” said Lalia Rach, associate dean of the Tisch Center for Hospitality and Tourism at New York University. “It is difficult to wrap your mind around it.”
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