FRESNO, Calif.
Shoppers will feel the sting from a string of subfreezing nights in California’s citrus groves, with prices for oranges, lemons, avocados and other produce poised to double or triple in coming weeks, according to industry officials.
“We may adjust the prices as we discover the full extent of the damage next week, but for now, if you bought an orange at the supermarket for 50 cents, expect to pay a dollar to $1.49 for it,” said Todd Steel, owner of Royal Vista Marketing, which sells California citrus to markets throughout the country.
With the NFL playoffs in full swing, some fans may choose to go without two traditional favorites.
“Avocados are expensive enough as it is,” said Joseph Vasquez, a 32-year-old schoolteacher from Pasadena. “We may have to do without guacamole for a while. And we may be drinking our Coronas without limes.”
Nearly every winter crop is affected by the freeze, from avocados to strawberries to fresh-cut flowers, but it’s the state’s citrus crop that stands to take the biggest economic hit. California is the nation’s No. 1 producer of fresh citrus, growing about 86 percent of lemons and 21 percent of oranges sold in the United States, according to the California Farm Bureau. Florida produces more oranges, but those are mostly processed for orange juice.
More than 70 percent of this season’s oranges, lemons and tangerines — nearly $1 billion worth of fruit — were still on the trees as nighttime temperatures in California’s Central Valley dipped into the low 20s and teens on four straight nights beginning Friday. The freeze ruined as much as three-quarters of the California citrus crop, growers say; the fruit is threatened whenever the mercury falls below 28 degrees.
“Limited amounts were harvested before the freeze, so it’s not like the markets are going to dry up suddenly,” said Claire Smith, a spokeswoman for Sunkist Growers Inc., a Los Angeles cooperative owned by about 6,000 growers in California and Arizona.
Still, the diminished supply is bound to drive up prices, Mr. Smith said. Sunkist might import oranges and other fruit from South Africa and other countries.
Yesterday, a Visalia, Calif., citrus broker was selling 40-pound boxes of oranges for $22 to $32, depending on the variety. That’s up from $6 to $14 a week earlier, and with the National Weather Service calling for at least one more night of frigid temperatures in many areas, prices could continue to escalate.
Some shoppers took advantage of still-reasonable prices yesterday, as much of the fruit on market shelves was picked before the freeze. Shopper Lindsay Beamish, 29, was surprised to see a 10-pound bag of oranges selling for $10 at a Vons supermarket in Pasadena.
“I might just have to get 10 pounds worth because that’s not going to last,” she said of the price.
Damages from the freeze will likely surpass those from a three-day cold snap in December 1998 that destroyed 85 percent of California’s citrus crop, a loss valued at $700 million, state Agriculture Secretary A.G. Kawamura said.
The state also suffered a deep freeze in 1990 — one that completely wiped out the $1 billion crop. It took growers two years to recover.
Labor leaders are also watching the weather closely. They estimate as many as 12,000 field workers and packing house employees could lose their jobs for the remainder of the season.
Damaged fruit from the current freeze may still be salvaged as juice, usually a byproduct for California farmers, Ms. Smith said.
“It’s not likely to have a big impact on the juice industry because California is not a big player in that market,” she said.
Adverse weather has also taken a toll on the Florida-dominated orange juice industry in recent years. After two nasty hurricane seasons compounded by drought and crop disease, Pepsico Inc., which sells juice under the Tropicana and Dole labels, and Coca-Cola Co., which owns Minute Maid, each raised orange juice prices over the past several weeks.
The California freeze is also expected to inflate prices for other crops that suffered damage, including avocados and fresh-cut flowers, state agricultural officials said.
Lee Cole, chief of Calavo Growers Inc., which sells 35 to 40 percent of the state’s $380 million avocado crop, said it’s too early to know how severe the losses will be. But the freeze could claim up to 40 percent of Calavo’s crop in Ventura County, with damage along the less-frigid coast between San Luis Obispo and Escondido hovering between 25 and 35 percent, Mr. Cole said.
“Prices will certainly be higher,” he said.
If the damage is severe, the trees could also bear fewer avocados next year, Mr. Cole said.
Throughout the cold snap, growers have tried to save their crops by pumping fields with heated irrigation water and running wind machines to circulate warmer air and keep it from rising off the trees. David Pruitt of Ball Tagawa Growers in Arroyo Grande has struggled to keep 200,000 square feet of greenhouses between 60 and 74 degrees.
The company produces a variety of seedlings, including pansies and marigolds. The greenhouses are heated with hot water fired by gas boilers.
The cold “multiplies our gas use enormously,” Mr. Pruitt said. The boilers “are just cranking full blast.”
Inspectors with the California Department of Agriculture and county agriculture commissioners were still assessing the damage yesterday. In the meantime, fruit packers have been asked to keep produce harvested during the freeze on hold for five days to monitor quality problems and keep damaged fruit off shelves.
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