Readers Answer Some of Pogue’s Imponderables

I’m speaking on a Geek Cruise to the Panama Canal—tough job, but somebody’s got to do it—so I’ll be taking two weeks off from my column, blog and videos.

Internet access on the ship is via satellite, so it’s pricey and slow. But it’s certainly capable of transmitting a Word file, so I thought I’d nonetheless file an e-mail newsletter this week.

A couple of weeks ago, I sent you a list of some of life’s little questions that don’t seem to have good answers. Over 800 of you decided to take a stab at supplying answers. Some responses were snarky; some, academic; some, alarmingly pessimistic.

Here, culled from nytimes.com/pogue and my own e-mail Inbox, is a sampling.

* Why is Wi-Fi free at cheap hotels, but $14 a night at expensive ones?

–” Because the people that can afford to stay at expensive hotels are willing to pay for it. “[Many, many responses like this one.]

–“”No, the real question is: Why does the free Wi-Fi at the cheap hotels work perfectly 99% of the time, while the expensive hookup at the fancy digs usually fails on the first try?”

* What’s the real reason you have to turn off your laptop for takeoff?

–“So the laptops won’t go flying around if the plane stops abruptly during an aborted takeoff, and passengers won’t be distracted in case of an emergency evacuation.”

–“Security theatre: the illusion that the airlines are doing all they can to protect you from harm.”

* SmartDisplay, Spot Watch, U.M.P.C., Zune… when will Microsoft realize that it’s not a hardware company?

–“Microsoft does make some excellent hardware: keyboards and mice.”

–“The day after they close the XBox division.”

* Do shareware programmers pay taxes on all those $20 contributions?

–“Yes…in exactly the same proportion as people who voluntarily send in state sales tax at the end of the year for all their Internet mail-order purchases.”

* Do P.R. people really expect anyone to believe that the standard, stilted, second-paragraph C.E.O. quote was really uttered by a human being?

–“No. Some PR people are quite bright. Once they write a quote, however, it has to be vetted, edited, and changed by at least six stilted, brown-nosing vice presidents and/or product managers.”

–“It *wasn’t* uttered by a human being; that’s the way CEOs talk.”

* Why are there no federal rebates or tax credits for solar power?

–“There IS a Federal tax credit, which right now extends through 2008. It is capped at $2,000 for residential systems. Currently, the bill to extend the credits beyond 2008 is being debated. If you care about this issue, go to //seia.org/itc.php, the website for the Solar Energy Industry Association, which is actively working for an eight-year extension of this tax credit, as well as removing the cap on the credit for residential systems.”

–“Because there are too many powerful, well-funded lobbyists promoting big-oil’s interests in Washington.”

–“The Feds are still trying to figure out how to tax the sun.”

* Laptops, cameras and cellphones have improved by a thousand percent in the last ten years. Why not their batteries?

–“Chemistry. Quoting John Hockenberry from a Wired magazine story: ‘Current can be altered by changing a battery’s size, but voltage is determined (and fixed) by the atomic makeup of the materials used. Those attributes, recorded in the good old periodic table of elements, were configured shortly after the big bang and are not subject to clever human modifications.'”

* Who are the morons who respond to junk-mail offers, thereby keeping spammers in business?

–“That would be my sister.”

–“My mother, O.K.? Now you know.”

–“Statistically speaking, half of ALL people are below-average intelligence. That fact can explain MANY things.”

–“Naive people, like recent immigrants; old people whose adult children just set them up with a computer for the first time; and the truly desperate who’ve already tried other methods of penis enlargement.”

* How come there are still no viruses for Mac OS X? If it has 6 percent of the market, shouldn’t it have 6 percent of the viruses?

–“It’s not that writing an Apple virus is particularly hard. It’s that writing a Windows virus is so easy. The holes are known, as are the methods of delivering payloads through them. The ‘200,000 viruses a year’ number is mostly just variations on exploiting the 5 ports that Microsoft left open in Windows XP by default.

In comparison, writing a Mac virus would require real work on the part of the hackers. This eliminates the Script Kiddies.”

–“The lack of viruses on a Mac isn’t because of a small market; creating a working virus on a Mac would be a major feat. Any virus maker would get instant recognition and accolades from his or her peers.

Rather, it’s that Mac OS X is from a Unix heritage, and Unix has been designed to safely share resources amongst a number of users.”

–“Now let’s stop talking about this before some sicko takes it as a challenge.”

* How come cellphone signal-strength bars are so often wrong?

–“Just to mess with you.”

–“Like the battery indicator, the signal strength on a cell phone is deliberately weighted toward the high end. I worked on a phone development project several years ago. When the first units went to the carrier for approval, their first request was to toss the perfectly calibrated battery indicator in favor of one that sat at 4 bars for around 75 percent of the charge.”

* Why don’t public sinks have foot pedals?

–“Because architects don’t consult moms.”

–“The sensor faucets work quite well, including for those in wheelchairs.”

–” Because moving your foot around under he sink could be misinterpreted as…well, you know. Somebody could be watching.”

* Why do you have to take tape camcorders out of your carry-on at airport security, but not the tapeless kind? Couldn’t you hide a bomb equally well in either one?

–“I was recently stopped at security for just this reason. The security person told me that people could place a bomb INSIDE the tape cartridge. I asked him why, if the tapes were the problem, we didn’t have to take all THOSE out. He said he didn’t know. Mind you, I was traveling with at LEAST 20 tapes on me. They saw them in the bag and proceeded to open up the camera, never touching the supposedly dangerous tapes.”

Best of all, a few of you submitted equally good High-Tech Imponderables. The floor is now open:

* Why can’t I order TV channels a la carte, so that I just pay for the ones I want?

* How come there are some music players that play FM radio, and iPod add-ons that play FM—but almost none that play AM radio?

* Why no Wi-Fi on Amtrak?

* Why do the signal-strength bars on my cellphone change when I’m standing still?

* When we are put on hold, we offered numerous options–“press 1 for sales,” etc. Why not an option to press for “Mute this annoying music,” or maybe to select different types of music?

* Why is there a Maximum Weight notice in an elevator, and what are we supposed to do about it? How are we supposed to know how much we collectively weigh?

* Why is the numeric keypad on a computer (7-8-9 at the top) upside-down from the numeric keypad on phones (1-2-3 on top)?

* Why do most public sinks have separate hot & cold faucets that you have to hold on with one hand while you try to wash the other? Why would anyone want either hot or cold water for washing? A single warm-water faucet would be cheaper and make more sense.

* Why aren’t elevator buttons double action? Press once to go to floor, press again to cancel. It would save all those “OOPS!–“I hit the wrong button” moments.

See you when I’m back on land in a couple of weeks!

Comments are no longer being accepted.

* Why is the numeric keypad on a computer (7-8-9 at the top) upside-down from the numeric keypad on phones (1-2-3 on top)?

The number pad on the computer was originally done to match the lay out of an adding machine (remember those?). The designers of the touch tone phone tried out 18 different key layouts before decidingon the one with the fewest keying errors during testing. Check out Wikipedia on Touch Tones.

The Elevator Buttons: So that the next guy who gets on doesn’t cancel your floor just to get to his faster. I have no doubt this would occur on a daily basis, considering how many inconsiderate people hold open doors to continue conversations with people outside while the people inside wait.

The cellphone bars and standing still: The signal indicator isn’t a live depiction of your cell strength. The phone needs to send out a “ping” to the tower from time to time to figure out if it is still connected. You may be in a spot where you get full signal strength, then move to a dead spot, and the phone won’t know for a set interval (30 seconds or so, I believe) until it pings again and figures out the new strength. Thus, you stand there with 4 bars and then suddenly get 1 or 0. If it were a live update, the battery would drain a heck of a lot faster.

* Why do the signal-strength bars on my cellphone change when I’m standing still?

-Often the signal is being reflected off of buildings and or terrain and that will give you varying signal strength. This may also explain why sometimes you can’t make a call even though you’ve got enough bars as reflected signals are weak anyway.

* Why can’t I order TV channels a la carte, so that I just pay for the ones I want?

So cable companies can afford to provide more channels. If only three people are willing to pay $5/month for Discovery Health, and it costs the cable company $1000/month for the rights to broadcast that channel, they will lose money so they just won’t offer it.

Those Maximum Weight signs in elevators are important. My brother’s college roommate died when an overweight elevator started sinking while he was only halfway out. Maybe you can’t find out everyone’s weight in the elevator, but you can make a guess from how full the car is whether it’s a good idea to get in. If the elevator hasn’t been well-maintained, it could malfunction and start falling when the max weight is exceeded rather than refuse to move. The elevator my brother’s roommate died in had passed inspection, so don’t trust an elevator not to be affected by being overfilled just because there’s a sign saying it’s been inspected.

Anyway, I just wanted to point out that Maximum Weight signs are anything but funny.

* Why is there a Maximum Weight notice in an elevator, and what are we supposed to do about it? How are we supposed to know how much we collectively weigh?

Most modern elevators have floor sensors that record the total weight, of it’s occupants. If the total weight exceeds what is programmed the elevator doest not move. At this point you throw out the fattest person, while pointing and laughing at them.

“Why can’t I order TV channels a la carte, so that I just pay for the ones I want?”

Because cable companies don’t want to let us. Most Americans would prefer this option, but cable companies know they would lose money with it and are putting out all the stops. Congress has tried, and is still trying, but has so far been unsuccessful.

“Why do most public sinks have separate hot & cold faucets that you have to hold on with one hand while you try to wash the other? Why would anyone want either hot or cold water for washing? A single warm-water faucet would be cheaper and make more sense.”

So you can vary the temperature to what you want?

For the question about the numeric keypads, maybe it’s statistics that’s responsible…

Benford’s Law (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benford's_law) applies to the numbers that would be entered on a computer, generally. But doesn’t apply to telephone numbers…

* Why is the numeric keypad on a computer (7-8-9 at the top) upside-down from the numeric keypad on phones (1-2-3 on top)?

The arrangement is a holdover from the card punch machines of the 1940s (maybe earlier) and 1950s. These predated the touch-tone telephone. Greatest productivity was from numeric only keying. A separate numeric keypad was placed on the right side of the keyboard for one-hand keying. Some operators reached 20 thousand numerals per hour. Southpaws had to learn to adapt.

When 10-key touchtone telephones were invented it was decided that folks accustomed to 10-key calculators would type in the numbers faster than the then developed equipment could handle so the numbers were inverted.

Telephone numeric pads are “upside down” because: When Touch Tone was introduced, there were many independent telcos that still had Strowger (stepper switch) central offices, which were slow. An accountant who could touch enter on a mechanical adding machine could easily dial too quickly for the stepper switches, causing misdials. So the keypad was made opposite to the standard used by adding machines to slow the speed demons down.

Quick answers to a couple questions:

1. A la carte TV channels: Not enough people would pay for some of the obscure channels to keep them afloat. But enough die hard fans will sign up for a mix-pack cable package full of channels they won’t watch because they want the one obscure channel. Keeping that channel alive and getting those $$ is a windfall to the cable company that would be lost if people could choose just to have ESPN, CNN, and the Disney Channel. Plus, a good number of viewers have at least one obscure channel they watch, which means each consumer has some interest in sticking with the bloat to preserve their own little piece of it.

2. Muting hold music — some systems do offer this option, but the silence is pretty creepy and disarming. Almost worse than the awful music.

3. Double action elevator buttons: In my office tower, you can simultaneously press any four buttons to undo all prior selections, then you have to reselect whatever stops you actually needed. It’s convenient but can truly test dexterity as you try to reselect before passing a floor. Double action like you describe would be easier, but would also take some serious adjusting for those people who seem convinced that hitting the button multiple times speeds up the car, like a turboboost.

Elevators have load sensors that set off an alarm and open the door if the weight limit is exceeded. I learned this one day when too many of us got on an elevator. The offending charater, a sales rep I worked with, got off the elevator, but was fired the next day, probably for unrelated reasons…

* Why is the numeric keypad on a computer (7-8-9 at the top) upside-down from the numeric keypad on phones (1-2-3 on top)?

Everyone is going to know this one… The computer keypad is a legacy of the adding machine/calculator and is mostly used by bean counters, who are too old to learn new tricks. The phone keypad is a legacy from the rotary dial, with the 1 on top and 0 at bottom. The dial had the alphabet to contend with. No one wants to see that upside down.

I’ve always figured that expensive hotels had bought internet systems early in the game when they were more expensive and signed contracts with the installers/providers sharing the revenues. Now they have to keep charging the customer to pay for it all. The less expensive hotels set theirs up when it was all cheaper to do and aren’t locked into paying big money for it.

Shouldn’t it read: “Statistically speaking, half of ALL people are *of* below-average intelligence. That fact can explain MANY things.”

* Why can’t I order TV channels a la carte, so that I just pay for the ones I want?

If cable companies had a la carte service, they’d make a lot less money. My standard cable package comes with three or four religious channels, dozen of shopping channels, and other channels that no one would watch. I probably watch maybe three or four of the 120+ channels my particular package comes with. And, that probably includes the major broadcast networks too.

Why not just drop the channels no one wants? Because the cable company wants to advertise that the basic package has “Over 60 Channels!” instead of “About Four You Really Would Probably Watch!”.

* How come there are some music players that play FM radio, and iPod add-ons that play FM—but almost none that play AM radio?

AM is talk radio and MP3 players were built for music, so it made sense to offer only the “musical” FM radio.

* Why no Wi-Fi on Amtrak?

Because Amtrak is a big incompetent, bureaucratic agency. Back in 1994, they signed a contract to have terminals built into the back seats of their Northeast Corridor service trains that would access Yahoo and email. The idea is that people would pay to use these wireless terminals. I don’t think this project even got off the ground.

Amtrak signed contracts with AT&T to provide WiFi service at six Northeast Corridor stations, but later, it was canceled due to cost issues. T-Mobile setup WiFi Hotspots in five NEC stations. Of course, most of these are in the Starbucks located in the stations.

I guess you’re not going to see WiFi access until someone figures out how to make money on it. Your best bet is that Starbucks will run out of places on the street to build more Starbucks and will be forced to start building them inside Amtrak trains.

* Why do the signal-strength bars on my cellphone change when I’m standing still?

Ripples in the Time/Space continuum?

All sorts of things can interfere with signal strength such as large motors, WiFi connections, or other radio broadcasting equipment.

* When we are put on hold, we offered numerous options–”press 1 for sales,” etc. Why not an option to press for “Mute this annoying music,” or maybe to select different types of music?

The people who place you on hold don’t have to listen to that annoying music, so there’s no incentive to give you that option. As far as they’re concerned, if you get so annoyed that you hang up, their job becomes just that much easier.

* Why is there a Maximum Weight notice in an elevator, and what are we supposed to do about it? How are we supposed to know how much we collectively weigh?

This is more of a legal and liability issue. Building codes state how many elevators a building must have, how big they need to be, and how much weight they need to support. The maximum weight is mainly to show that the elevator complies with building codes.

The other is liability. If you know that an elevator can support 1000 pounds, and 10 people squeeze in, it’s not the building’s fault if the cable snaps and everyone drops to their death.

* Why is the numeric keypad on a computer (7-8-9 at the top) upside-down from the numeric keypad on phones (1-2-3 on top)?

Numeric keypads come from the old adding machines that historically placed low numbers on the bottom. When mechanical adding machines moved from purely mechanical mechanisms to electronic calculators, the ten-key keypad had the low numbers on the bottom, just like in the old mechanical adding machines.

Back in 1961, AT&T started experimenting with keypad dialing to replace the rotary dial. Dozens of key arrangements were tested, and the current arrangement won out over all other designs — including the standard numeric keypad layout.

Back in the early 1960s, not too many people were familiar with 10 key numeric keypads found on calculators. Instead, they found the ordinal arrangement (1-2-3-4-5) the easiest to use. That’s all there really was to it.

* Why do most public sinks have separate hot & cold faucets that you have to hold on with one hand while you try to wash the other? Why would anyone want either hot or cold water for washing? A single warm-water faucet would be cheaper and make more sense.

The faucets you’re talking about have a push button actuators. The base of these faucets share the same base as faucets with actual handles. So, companies make the same base, and merely add either handles or buttons.

To make one with a single button would mean creating a base just for that purpose. This would cost money and probably be more than a faucet with two buttons. Remember that the people who build the restrooms probably don’t use them, so they don’t care about the convenience.

* Why aren’t elevator buttons double action? Press once to go to floor, press again to cancel. It would save all those “OOPS!–”I hit the wrong button” moments.

People tend to push elevator buttons multiple times. Every time someone gets in, they tend to push the button again even if it is already pressed. Can you imagine what would happen if you pressed a button for a floor, and someone else came into the elevator, and without looking, pushed the same button?

The person who answered the question * Who are the morons who respond to junk-mail offers, thereby keeping spammers in business?
with the following:
–“Statistically speaking, half of ALL people are below-average intelligence. That fact can explain MANY things.”

belongs to the 99% of people who, statistically speaking, do not understand the basics of statistics.

To give a simple example: when you have 1 person with IQ 10 and 3 persons with IQ 100, it is only 25% of that group that has an IQ below the average.

See
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median

to understand the difference between median and average.

Thomas Thü Hürlimann November 8, 2007 · 3:34 pm

Hello Mr. Pogue
I dont know the tour plans of that ship you will go with in Panama, but if it makes a stop at the city of Cartagena de Indias, then let me know, I will invite you to a good cup of Colombian coffee.

All the best,
Thomas Thü Hürlimann
ex. AD Macworld Switzerland
(now living in Cartagena)

= no need to post this online, OK?

* Why aren’t elevator buttons double action? Press once to go to floor, press again to cancel. It would save all those “OOPS!–“I hit the wrong button” moments.

Because people who bang buttons carelessly and then say “OOPS” could just as easily cancel my floor by accident.

One “imponderable” that has always unnerved me is the process of setting the alarm on alarm clocks. Why don’t they have a numeric keypad like the type used on phones? That would be much easier than the standard hour button and minute button.

In answer to a reader submitted imponderable asking why “… the numeric keypad on a computer is upside down from the numeric keypad on phones,” I offer the following explanation. I read this somewhere back in the ’60s.
When the first touch tone phones were being put into use it was found that if the keypad had the numbers arranged the same way they were arranged on office adding machines/calculators, office workers who spent a great deal of time using those devices would dial the touch tone phones so quickly that the phone company equipment could not track the key presses. By reversing the order of the keys on the phone those highly proficient at using adding machines/calculators were forced to slow down when pressing the buttons on a touch tone phone. Conversley, the numeric keypads on your computer keyboard are modeled after the keypads on adding machines/calculators.

–”Statistically speaking, half of ALL people are below-average intelligence. That fact can explain MANY things.”

Actually, statistically speaking, half of all people are not necessarily below-average intelligence (that is only true if the weighted distribution of all intelligence scores is perfectly consistent on both sides of the median intelligence score, which, given the size of the human population is probably but not definitively true). It could be the case that there is a small subset of insanely intelligent people with astronomically high IQ scores who drive up the average score — and thus potentially MORE than half of all people have below-average intelligence.

RE: who are the morons who respond to junk email. one of the answeres you printed has a major error. ” because half the people are statistically below average ” would only be true if the mean and the median were the same. a very rare occurence.

* Why can’t I order TV channels a la carte, so that I just pay for the ones I want?

The shopping channel probably pays a good sum of money to make sure you have the option to turn on their station

* How come there are some music players that play FM radio, and iPod add-ons that play FM—but almost none that play AM radio?

Look at the average age of people who own iPods then look at that group’s average usage of AM radio

* Why no Wi-Fi on Amtrak?

They already make negative profits, adding an expensive service that passengers won’t be willing to spend on will just make it worse.

* Why is there a Maximum Weight notice in an elevator, and what are we supposed to do about it? How are we supposed to know how much we collectively weigh?

If you exceed the maximum weight of the elevator it will emit a loud buzz and it’s doors will not close until the weight it reduced. Maximum weight is enforced as it prevents cables from snapping/motors from dying prematurely

* Why is the numeric keypad on a computer (7-8-9 at the top) upside-down from the numeric keypad on phones (1-2-3 on top)?

Ergonomics. Easing the difference between typing with your thumb to typing with four fingers

Sorry for my extensive use of second person :(