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<title>ADHD research</title>
<link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/rss2_en.php</link>
<description>Scientific information about ADHD in children and adults</description>
<image>
<url>http://www.adhs-studien.info/img/banner2.png</url>
<title>ADHD research</title>
<link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/rss2_en.php</link>
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<language>en</language>
    <item>
        <title>Neurofeedback as a nonpharmacological treatment for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/neurofeedback-as-a-nonpharmacological-treatment-for-adults-with-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd-study-protocol-for-a-randomized-controlled-trial.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Neurofeedback has been applied effectively in various areas, especially in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study protocol is designed to investigate the effect of slow cortical potential (SCP) feedback and a new form of neurofeedback using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on symptomatology and neurophysiological parameters in an adult ADHD population. A comparison of SCP and NIRS feedback therapy methods has not been previously conducted and may yield valuable findings about alternative treatments for adult ADHD.

METHODS/DESIGN: The outcome of both neurofeedback techniques will be assessed over 30 treatment sessions and after a 6-month follow-up period, and then will be compared to a nonspecific biofeedback treatment. Furthermore, to investigate if treatment effects in this proof-of-principle study can be predicted by specific neurophysiological baseline parameters, regression models will be applied. Finally, a comparison with healthy controls will be conducted to evaluate deviant pretraining neurophysiological parameters, stability of assessment measures, and treatment outcome.

DISCUSSION: To date, an investigation and comparison of SCP and NIRS feedback training to an active control has not been conducted; therefore, we hope to gain valuable insights in effects and differences of these types of treatment for ADHD in adults.

]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/neurofeedback-as-a-nonpharmacological-treatment-for-adults-with-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd-study-protocol-for-a-randomized-controlled-trial.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 4 Aug 2016 02:15:50 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>The atypical antidepressant and neurorestorative agent tianeptine is a Î¼-opioid receptor agonist</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/the-atypical-antidepressant-and-neurorestorative-agent-tianeptine-is-a-opioid-receptor-agonist.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Current pharmacological treatments of depression and related disorders suffer from major problems, such as a low rate of response, slow onset of therapeutic effects, loss of efficacy over time and serious side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic approaches that address these issues. Interestingly, the atypical antidepressant tianeptine already meets in part these clinical goals. However, in spite of three decades of basic and clinical investigations, the molecular target of tianeptine, as well as its mechanism of action, remains elusive. Herein, we report the characterization of tianeptine as a μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist. Using radioligand binding and cell-based functional assays, including bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assays for G-protein activation and cAMP accumulation, we identified tianeptine as an efficacious MOR agonist (K(i Human) of 383±183 nM and EC(50 Human) of 194±70 nM and EC(50 Mouse) of 641±120 nM for G-protein activation). Tianeptine was also a full δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist, although with much lower potency (EC(50 Human) of 37.4±11.2 μM and EC(50 Mouse) of 14.5±6.6 μM for G-protein activation). In contrast, tianeptine was inactive at the κ-opioid receptor (KOR, both human and rat). On the basis of these pharmacological data, we propose that activation of MOR (or dual activation of MOR and DOR) could be the initial molecular event responsible for triggering many of the known acute and chronic effects of this agent, including its antidepressant and anxiolytic actions.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/the-atypical-antidepressant-and-neurorestorative-agent-tianeptine-is-a-opioid-receptor-agonist.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 7 Apr 2015 05:49:29 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>Tianeptine: A Novel Atypical Antidepressant that May Provide New Insights into the Biomolecular Basis of Depression</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/tianeptine-a-novel-atypical-antidepressant-that-may-provide-new-insights-into-the-biomolecular-basis-of-depression.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Tianeptine, an atypical antidepressant patented and developed by Servier, enhances the synaptic reuptake of serotonin, without affecting norepinephrine and dopamine uptake, while it lacks affinity for neurotransmitter receptors. This mechanism for an antidepressant is apparently paradoxical, since the currently employed antidepressants enhance serotonin by inhibiting its breakdown or by inhibiting monoaminergic reuptake. Although tianeptine has been shown to reduce central 5HT availability and to indirecty modulate central adrenergic and dopaminergic systems and to indirectly inhibit cholinergic hyperactivity, its antidepressant action is believed to be more directly related to central neuronal remodeling and restoration of neuronal plasticity. In reliable animal models of depression tianeptine has been shown to prevent neurodegeneration and decreases in hippocampal volume in response to chronic stress. These effects on neuroplasticity are suspected to involve the normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and modulatory effects on excitatory amino acids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Together with a body of related studies, these data provide further support for the hypothesis that depression may involve dysregulation of pathways controlling cellular resilience and that treatment should be directed towards the reversal thereof. Importantly, tianeptine is not anxiogenic and has also been shown to be effective in treatment-resistant depression, which may lead the way to a major breakthrough in the treatment of depression.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/tianeptine-a-novel-atypical-antidepressant-that-may-provide-new-insights-into-the-biomolecular-basis-of-depression.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 2 Apr 2015 19:12:26 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>Children with Disabilities are Often Misdiagnosed Initially and Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders are Referred to Adequate Resources 30Â Months Later Than Children with Other Disabilities</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/children-with-disabilities-are-often-misdiagnosed-initially-and-children-with-neuropsychiatric-disorders-are-referred-to-adequate-resources-30-months-later-than-children-with-other-disabilities.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Disabilities in a child may lead to low self-esteem and social problems. The lives of parents and siblings are also affected. Early intervention may decrease these consequences. To promote early intervention early referral to adequate resources is essential. In a longitudinal retrospective observational study it was found that children with neuropsychiatric disorders without mental retardation were referred 30 months later than other children. Agreement between the referrer's identification of the main disability and the habilitation center's was low with Kappa coefficient 0.44. Whereby agreement on diagnosis between referrer and habilitation centers was low, earlier referral should be promoted.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/children-with-disabilities-are-often-misdiagnosed-initially-and-children-with-neuropsychiatric-disorders-are-referred-to-adequate-resources-30-months-later-than-children-with-other-disabilities.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2015 11:44:28 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>The importance of relative standards in ADHD diagnoses: Evidence based on exact birth dates</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/the-importance-of-relative-standards-in-adhd-diagnoses-evidence-based-on-exact-birth-dates.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[This paper presents evidence that diagnoses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are driven largely by subjective comparisons across children in the same grade in school. Roughly 8.4 percent of children born in the month prior to their state’s cutoff date for kindergarten eligibility – who typically become the youngest and most developmentally immature children within a grade – are diagnosed with ADHD, compared to 5.1 percent of children born in the month immediately afterward. A child’s birth date relative to the eligibility cutoff also strongly influences teachers’ assessments of whether the child exhibits ADHD symptoms but is only weakly associated with similarly measured parental assessments, suggesting that many diagnoses may be driven by teachers’ perceptions of poor behavior among the youngest children in a classroom. These perceptions have long-lasting consequences: the youngest children in fifth and eighth grades are nearly twice as likely as their older classmates to regularly use stimulants prescribed to treat ADHD.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/the-importance-of-relative-standards-in-adhd-diagnoses-evidence-based-on-exact-birth-dates.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 22 Mar 2015 13:59:03 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>Reduced symptoms of inattention after Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in boys with and without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/reduced-symptoms-of-inattention-after-dietary-omega-3-fatty-acid-supplementation-in-boys-with-and-without-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common child psychiatric disorders, and is often treated with stimulant medication. Non-pharmacological treatments include dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, although their effectiveness remains to be shown conclusively. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on ADHD symptoms and cognitive control in young boys with and without ADHD.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/reduced-symptoms-of-inattention-after-dietary-omega-3-fatty-acid-supplementation-in-boys-with-and-without-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 22 Mar 2015 13:52:05 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Is ADHD diagnosed in accord with diagnostic criteria? Overdiagnosis and influence of client gender on diagnosis.</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/is-adhd-diagnosed-in-accord-with-diagnostic-criteria-overdiagnosis-and-influence-of-client-gender-on-diagnosis.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Objective: Unresolved questions exist concerning diagnosis of ADHD. First, some studies suggest a potential overdiagnosis. Second, compared with the male–female ratio in the general population (3:1), many more boys receive ADHD treatment compared with girls (6–9:1). We hypothesized that this occurs because therapists do not adhere to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM–IV) and International Classification of Diseases (10th rev.; ICD–10) criteria. Instead, we hypothesized that, in accordance with the representativeness heuristic, therapists might diagnose attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if a patient resembles their concept of a prototypical ADHD child, leading therapists to overlook certain exclusion criteria. This may result in overdiagnosis. Furthermore, as ADHD is more frequent in males, a boy might be seen as a more prototypical ADHD child and might therefore receive an ADHD diagnosis more readily than a girl would. Method: We sent a case vignette to 1,000 child psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers and asked them to give a diagnosis. Four versions of the vignette existed: Vignette 1 (ADHD) fulfilled all DSM–IV/ICD–10 criteria of ADHD. Vignettes 2–4 (non-ADHD) included several ADHD symptoms but stated other ADHD criteria were nonfulfilled. Therefore, an ADHD diagnosis could not be given. Furthermore, boy and girl versions of each vignette were created. Results: In Vignettes 2–4 (non-ADHD), 16.7% of therapists diagnosed ADHD. In the boy version of these vignettes, therapists diagnosed ADHD around 2 times more than they did with the girl vignettes. Conclusions: Therapists do not adhere strictly to diagnostic manuals. Our study suggests that overdiagnosis of ADHD occurs in clinical routine and that the patient's gender influences diagnosis considerably. Thorough diagnostic training might help therapists to avoid these biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/is-adhd-diagnosed-in-accord-with-diagnostic-criteria-overdiagnosis-and-influence-of-client-gender-on-diagnosis.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2015 15:43:27 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>Assessing ADHD symptomatic behaviors and functional impairment in school settings: Impact of student and teacher characteristics.</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/assessing-adhd-symptomatic-behaviors-and-functional-impairment-in-school-settings-impact-of-student-and-teacher-characteristics.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[The purpose of the present study was to examine (a) the teacher-reported prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and associated impairment in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents and (b) the degree to which prevalence varied as a function of student and teacher characteristics. Teacher-reported symptoms of ADHD based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria and teacher-rated impairment were used to estimate prevalence using symptoms and impairment either alone or in combination, and to assess predictors of ADHD using a diverse, nationally representative sample (n = 2,140; 1,070 males, 1,070 females; 54.8% White, non-Hispanic) between 5 to 17 years old (M = 11.53; SD = 3.54). The combination of symptom and impairment ratings yielded the prevalence rate most consistent with prior epidemiological findings. Students’ age, gender, racial, and special education status were significant predictors of symptom count and level of symptom-related impairment. It is critically important to simultaneously consider symptoms and symptom-related impairment when identifying students with ADHD. Student and teacher characteristics may affect ratings and identification results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/assessing-adhd-symptomatic-behaviors-and-functional-impairment-in-school-settings-impact-of-student-and-teacher-characteristics.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2015 12:07:19 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Associations Between Dispositions to Rash Action and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/associations-between-dispositions-to-rash-action-and-internalizing-and-externalizing-symptoms-in-children.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Objective: Impulsivity is not a unitary construct; instead, dispositions to rash action can be divided into five moderately-correlated dimensions. However, the associations between these dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology among youth remain unclear. The goal of this study was to examine associations between different dispositions to rash action and psychopathology in a community sample of middle-school youth.

Methods: 144 youth (mean age=11.9; 65% Hispanic, 30% African-American; 50% male; 81% qualifying for free school lunches) participated in this study. Self-reported questionnaire measures of dispositions to rash action (lack of planning, lack of perseverance, sensation-seeking, negative urgency, and positive urgency) and psychopathology symptoms (conduct disorder (CD), alcohol use, depression, overall anxiety, panic, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and separation anxiety, as well as teacher reports of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive symptoms) were used.

Results: Negative and positive urgency were positively associated with all symptom subtypes examined except certain anxiety subtypes (and positive urgency was not associated with ADHD symptoms). Lack of planning was positively associated with externalizing and depressive symptoms. Lack of perseverance was positively associated with CD. Sensation-seeking was positively associated with both CD and alcohol use. When other dispositions were adjusted for, negative urgency remained a positive predictor of CD, while positive urgency remained a positive predictor of depressive and panic symptoms. Sensation-seeking was negatively associated with separation anxiety.

Conclusions: Psychopathology symptoms are differentially related to dispositions to rash action in children; emotion-based dispositions to rash action may be particularly important targets for future research.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/associations-between-dispositions-to-rash-action-and-internalizing-and-externalizing-symptoms-in-children.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2015 17:42:38 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>A neurophysiological marker of impaired preparation in an 11-year follow-up study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/a-neurophysiological-marker-of-impaired-preparation-in-an-11-year-follow-up-study-of-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Background: This longitudinal electrophysiological study investigated the course of multiple impaired cognitive brain functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adult- hood by comparing developmental trajectories of individuals with ADHD and typically developing controls.

Methods: Subjects with ADHD ( N = 11) and normal controls ( N = 12) diagnosed in childhood [mean age ADHD/CTRL = 10.9 years [ SD 1.72]/10.0 years ( SD 1.03)] were followed up after 1.1 and 2.4 years, and as young adults [ADHD/CTRL: 21.9 years ( SD 1.46)/21.1 years ( SD 1.29)]. At all four times, event-related potential (ERP) maps were recorded during a cued continuous performance test (CPT). We focused on residual deficits as adults, and on developmental trajectories (time and time x - group effects) for CPT performance and attentional (Cue P300), preparatory (CNV: contingent negative variation) and inhibitory (NoGo P300) ERP components.

Results: All ERP components developed without significant time · group interactions. Only the CNV remained reduced in the ADHD group, although 8/11 individuals no longer met a full ADHD diagnosis as adults. Cue P300 and NoGo P300 group differences became nonsignificant in early adulthood. The CNV parameters correlated with re- action time (RT) and RT- SD . Perceptual sensitivity improved and the groups’ trajectories converged with development, while RT- SD continued to be elevated in adult ADHD subjects.

Conclusions: Attentional and preparatory deficits in ADHD continue into adulthood, and the attenuated CNV appears to reflect a particularly stable ADHD marker. Although some deficit reductions may have gone undetected due to small sample size, the findings challenge those developmental lag models postulating that most ADHD-related deficitsbecomenegligiblewithbrainmaturation.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/a-neurophysiological-marker-of-impaired-preparation-in-an-11-year-follow-up-study-of-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2015 17:36:45 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
        <title>Personality profile of adult ADHD: The alternative five factor model</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/personality-profile-of-adult-adhd-the-alternative-five-factor-model.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders in childhood affecting around 3% to 5% of adults worldwide. Most of the studies have been carried out using the Five Factor Model (FFM). Given the value and importance of describing adult ADHD in terms of general personality structure for a better conceptualization of this disorder, this study contributes adding new data on an Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM) of personality. The aim of the present study is twofold: To assess the personality profile of adults with ADHD under the AFFM perspective, and to test the discriminant validity of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) in differentiating ADHD subjects vs. normal range controls. A sample of 217 adults (64% male) meeting ADHD diagnosis (DSM-IV) was paired by age and sex with 434 normal-range controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that high scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety, Impulsivity and General Activity, and low on Work Activity were the most powerful predictors of being endorsed with an ADHD diagnosis. Results may suggest refinements in the personality assessment of ADHD as it seems that the ZKPQ provides more specific subscales for the description and conceptualization of this disorder.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/personality-profile-of-adult-adhd-the-alternative-five-factor-model.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Sat, 31 Jan 2015 14:36:32 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Interference control in adult ADHD: No evidence for interference control deficits if response speed is controlled by delta plots</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/interference-control-in-adult-adhd-no-evidence-for-interference-control-deficits-if-response-speed-is-controlled-by-delta-plots.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Several theoretical accounts assume that interference control deficits belong to the core symptoms of adult ADHD. However, findings of increased interference effects in adult ADHD patients compared with healthy adults may be confounded with the simultaneous finding of generally slower responses in the patient group. The current study compared the magnitude of the interference effect in the Stroop task between a group of adults with ADHD and a healthy adult control group in a procedure that accounted for differences in overall response speed by using delta plots. The amount of interference did not differ between patient and control group at comparable reaction time levels. These results challenge the conclusions of the previous studies, in that they indicate that interference control is not impaired in adult ADHD.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/interference-control-in-adult-adhd-no-evidence-for-interference-control-deficits-if-response-speed-is-controlled-by-delta-plots.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Sat, 31 Jan 2015 14:32:45 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>School-Based Interventions for ADHD and Attention Problems: A Review</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/schulbasierte-interventionen-bei-adhs-und-aufmerksamkeitsproblemen-ein-uberblick.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or related subclinical attention problems are often impaired in their school performance. These problems represent a great challenge for teachers. The implementation of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the following right of inclusion for each person results in a greater need for effective strategies dealing with behavior problems in general education settings. This article presents an overview of evaluated prevention and intervention strategies, which are class-, teacher- and student-oriented. Current research for prevention and intervention in schools mostly provides single case studies, which makes a generalization of the results difficult. In regard of the quality of the studies only interdependent group-oriented contingency management procedures are evidence-based methods (class-oriented). Methodological issues and future directions will be discussed.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/schulbasierte-interventionen-bei-adhs-und-aufmerksamkeitsproblemen-ein-uberblick.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2015 02:28:24 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Development of a problem-focused behavioral screener linked to evidence-based intervention.</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/development-of-a-problem-focused-behavioral-screener-linked-to-evidence-based-intervention.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[This study examines the factor structure, reliability and validity of a novel school-based
screening instrument for academic and disruptive behavior problems commonly expe-
rienced by children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). Participants included 39 classroom teachers from two public school districts
in the northeastern United States. Teacher ratings were obtained for 390 students in
grades K-6. Exploratory factor analysis supports a two-factor structure (oppositional/
disruptive and academic productivity/disorganization). Data from the screening instru-
ment demonstrate favorable internal consistency, temporal stability and convergent
validity. The novel measure should facilitate classroom intervention for problem
behaviors associated with ADHD by identifying at-risk students and determining
specific targets for daily behavior report card interventions.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/development-of-a-problem-focused-behavioral-screener-linked-to-evidence-based-intervention.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 25 Dec 2014 02:01:35 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/media-use-and-adhd-related-behaviors-in-children-and-adolescents-a-meta-analysis.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[There are several theoretical reasons to believe that media use might be related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-related behaviors (i.e., attention problems, hyperactivity, and impulsivity). Although studies into the media–ADHD relationship have accumulated, they have yielded incon- sistent results. Therefore, we still do not know whether children’s media use and ADHD-related behaviors are related and, if so, under which conditions. To fill this gap in the literature, we first identified 6 different hypotheses that may explain why media use in general and viewing fast-paced or violent media content might be related to 1 or more ADHD-related behaviors. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis of 45 empirical studies investigating the relationship between media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents. Our results indicated a small significant relationship between media use and ADHD-related behaviors (r.12). Finally, we identified several specific gaps in the existing literature and presented 5 crucial directions for future research.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/media-use-and-adhd-related-behaviors-in-children-and-adolescents-a-meta-analysis.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2014 01:06:55 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Long-term outcomes of pharmacologically treated versus non-treated adults with ADHD and substance use disorder: a naturalistic study</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/long-term-outcomes-of-pharmacologically-treated-versus-non-treated-adults-with-adhd-and-substance-use-disorder-a-naturalistic-study.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Background and aims: The pharmacological treatment of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and severe substance usedisorder (SUD) iscontroversial,and few studies have examinedthe long-term psychosocial outcome of these treatments. Our aim was to investigate whether pharmacological treatment was associated with improved long-term psychosocial outcomes.

Methods: The present naturalistic study consisted of a long-term follow-up of 60 male patients with ADHD and comorbid severe SUD; all participants had received compulsory inpatient treatment due to severe substance abuse. The average interval between inpatient discharge and follow-up was 18.4 months. Thirty patients had received pharmacological treatment for ADHD, and 30 patients were pharmacologically untreated. The groups were compared with respect to mortality and psychosocial outcomes operationalized as substance abuse status, ongoing voluntary rehabilitation, current housing situation and employment status.

Results: The groups were comparable with regard to the demographic and background characteristics. Overall, mortality was high; 8.3% of the participants had deceased at follow-up (one in the pharmacologically treated group and four in the untreated group; the between-group difference was not significant). The group thatreceived pharmacological treatment for ADHD exhibited fewer substance abuse relapses, received more frequently voluntary treatments in accordance with a rehabilitation plan, required less frequent compulsory care, were more frequently accommodated in supportive housing or a rehabilitation center, and displayed a higher employment rate than the non-treated group.

Conclusions: The recommendations for the close clinical monitoring of high-risk populations and the prevention of misuse and drug diversion were fulfilled in the structured environment of compulsory care for the treated group. Pharmacological treatment of ADHD in individuals with severe SUD may decrease the risk of relapse and increase these patients ability to follow a non-pharmacological rehabilitation plan, thereby improving their long-term outcomes.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/long-term-outcomes-of-pharmacologically-treated-versus-non-treated-adults-with-adhd-and-substance-use-disorder-a-naturalistic-study.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2014 01:02:30 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Parentsâ€™ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Psychiatric Labels for ADHD and Depression</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/parents-stigmatizing-attitudes-toward-psychiatric-labels-for-adhd-and-depression.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Objective: There is concern that diagnostic labels for psychiatric disorders may invoke damaging stigma, especially for children. This study compared parents’ stigma toward children with the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression versus the same symptoms plus a psychiatric label.

Methods: Parents (N 5 225) rated their stereotypes, prejudice, and social distance toward vignettes of children with a developmentally typical range of behaviors, symptoms that met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD or depression, and the same symptoms plus a label of ADHD or depression.

Results: Children described as having symptoms only were more stigmatized than children with typical behaviors (d 5 .97 – 2.69). Adding a diagnostic label resulted in significant but small increases in stigma (d 5 .12 – .23).

Conclusions: Parents highly stigmatized children with psychiatric problems, but adding a diagnostic label made only a small contribution to worsening the stigma. The benefits of seeking psychiatric services - accessing treatment and providing validation - may outweigh fears of labeling. ( Psychiatric Services 64:1270-1273, 2013; doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201200578) ]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/parents-stigmatizing-attitudes-toward-psychiatric-labels-for-adhd-and-depression.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2014 16:36:47 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>The Relationships Between Sensory Modulation and Sleep Among Adolescents With ADHD</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/the-relationships-between-sensory-modulation-and-sleep-among-adolescents-with-adhd.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory modulation and sleeping among 30 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, compared with 28 adolescents without ADHD.

Method: Two questionnaires were completed by parents to assess the participants’ level of ADHD symptoms. Two other questionnaires were completed by the participants assessing difficulties in sensory modulation and sleep.

Results: The ADHD group had more sensory difficulties in Activity Level, Hearing, and Low Registration, and more difficulties in the Sleep Behavior variables. Higher correlations between the sensory variables and the sleep measures were found in the ADHD group as compared with the non-ADHD group. Significant differences between correlations were found between three sleep measures and four sensory variables.

Conclusion: The discussion is devoted to an assessment of the relationships between the measures, with the conclusion that among adolescents with ADHD, it is important to assess and treat possible sensory and sleep difficulties. (J. of Att. Dis. 2014; 18(8) 646-653)]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/the-relationships-between-sensory-modulation-and-sleep-among-adolescents-with-adhd.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2014 01:27:49 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Evaluating the content of Individualized Education Programs and 504 Plans of young adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/evaluating-the-content-of-individualized-education-programs-and-504-plans-of-young-adolescents-with-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree with which Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and 504 Plans prepared for middle school students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) conformed to best practices and included evidence-based services. Specifically, we examined the problem areas identified in the statement of students’ present level of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) and targeted in the students’ measurable annual goals and objectives (MAGOs). In addition, we compared services with lists of recommended services provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) and reviews of evidence-based practices. Participants were 97 middle school students with ADHD, 61.9% with an IEP, and 38.1% with a 504 Plan. Most (85%) IEP PLAAFP statements described nonacademic/behavior problems, but fewer than half had MAGOs targeting these areas of need. Services listed on IEPs and Section 504 Plans were frequently consistent with ED recommendations, but had little to no research supporting their effectiveness. In addition, services with evidence supporting benefit to students with ADHD were rarely included on IEPs or 504 Plans. Implications for special education policy and future directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/evaluating-the-content-of-individualized-education-programs-and-504-plans-of-young-adolescents-with-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 14 Dec 2014 19:51:06 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
        <title>Evaluation of neurofeedback in ADHD: The long and winding road</title>
        <link>http://www.adhs-studien.info/evaluation-of-neurofeedback-in-adhd-the-long-and-winding-road.html?lang=en</link>
        <description xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[Discusses the use of neurofeedback in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). After a brief introduction to neurofeedback, recent findings on the efficacy of neurofeedback in patients with ADHD are reviewed. Particular focus is placed on the control conditions utilized in such studies to control for nonspecific factors. The outcomes from studies employing semi-active, active, and placebo control conditions are reviewed. Furthermore, the effect sizes from metaanalyses for neurofeedback are compared to those from medication. It is argued that neurofeedback procedures involving sensorimotor rhythm, Theta/Beta EEG ratio, and slow cortical potentials may be clinically effective treatments for children with ADHD. Suggestions for future research are discussed.]]></description>
        <guid>http://www.adhs-studien.info/evaluation-of-neurofeedback-in-adhd-the-long-and-winding-road.html?lang=en</guid>
        <pubDate>Sun, 14 Dec 2014 16:38:06 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
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