| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Máire Ní Leathlobhair |
| Author | Angela R. Perri |
| Author | Evan K. Irving-Pease |
| Author | Kelsey E. Witt |
| Author | Anna Linderholm |
| Author | James Haile |
| Author | Ophelie Lebrasseur |
| Author | Carly Ameen |
| Author | Jeffrey Blick |
| Author | Adam R. Boyko |
| Author | Selina Brace |
| Author | Yahaira Nunes Cortes |
| Author | Susan J. Crockford |
| Author | Alison Devault |
| Author | Evangelos A. Dimopoulos |
| Author | Morley Eldridge |
| Author | Jacob Enk |
| Author | Shyam Gopalakrishnan |
| Author | Kevin Gori |
| Author | Vaughan Grimes |
| Author | Eric Guiry |
| Author | Anders J. Hansen |
| Author | Ardern Hulme-Beaman |
| Author | John Johnson |
| Author | Andrew Kitchen |
| Author | Aleksei K. Kasparov |
| Author | Young-Mi Kwon |
| Author | Pavel A. Nikolskiy |
| Author | Carlos Peraza Lope |
| Author | Aurélie Manin |
| Author | Terrance Martin |
| Author | Michael Meyer |
| Author | Kelsey Noack Myers |
| Author | Mark Omura |
| Author | Jean-Marie Rouillard |
| Author | Elena Y. Pavlova |
| Author | Paul Sciulli |
| Author | Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding |
| Author | Andrea Strakova |
| Author | Varvara V. Ivanova |
| Author | Christopher Widga |
| Author | Eske Willerslev |
| Author | Vladimir V. Pitulko |
| Author | Ian Barnes |
| Author | M. Thomas P. Gilbert |
| Author | Keith M. Dobney |
| Author | Ripan S. Malhi |
| Author | Elizabeth P. Murchison |
| Author | Greger Larson |
| Author | Laurent A. F. Frantz |
| Volume | 361 |
| Issue | 6397 |
| Pages | 81-85 |
| Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) |
| ISSN | 1095-9203 |
| Date | Jul 06, 2018 |
| Extra | PMID: 29976825 |
| Journal Abbr | Science |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.aao4776 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Dogs were present in the Americas before the arrival of European colonists, but the origin and fate of these precontact dogs are largely unknown. We sequenced 71 mitochondrial and 7 nuclear genomes from ancient North American and Siberian dogs from time frames spanning ~9000 years. Our analysis indicates that American dogs were not derived from North American wolves. Instead, American dogs form a monophyletic lineage that likely originated in Siberia and dispersed into the Americas alongside people. After the arrival of Europeans, native American dogs almost completely disappeared, leaving a minimal genetic legacy in modern dog populations. The closest detectable extant lineage to precontact American dogs is the canine transmissible venereal tumor, a contagious cancer clone derived from an individual dog that lived up to 8000 years ago. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Greger Larson |
| Author | Daniel G. Bradley |
| URL | http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004093 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | e1004093 |
| Publication | PLOS Genetics |
| ISSN | 1553-7404 |
| Date | Jan 16, 2014 |
| Journal Abbr | PLOS Genetics |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004093 |
| Accessed | 2018-07-15 21:51:54 |
| Library Catalog | PLoS Journals |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | From the introduction: Imprecision in determining when and where dogs were first domesticated has vexed geneticists for the past 20 years and archaeologists for many decades longer. This has been particularly frustrating since dogs were certainly the first domesticated taxa, so understanding when and where our relationship with dogs began is crucial to comprehending the transition of hu- mans from hunter-gatherers to farmers. Genetic efforts to query the time and place of dog domestication have moved from mtDNA phylogeography through several generations of autosomal marker analysis and now enter an exciting new phase: the interrogation of whole genome sequences. Freedman et al. [1] present one of two recent papers (including Wang et al. [2]) that generate and analyze multiple genomes of dogs and wolves. However, the approaches, sampling, and conclusions differ significantly between the two papers. |
| Short Title | How Much Is That in Dog Years? |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | A. Verardi |
| Author | V. Lucchini |
| Author | E. Randi |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2006.02995.x |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 2845-2855 |
| Publication | Molecular Ecology |
| ISSN | 0962-1083 |
| Date | Sep 2006 |
| Extra | PMID: 16911205 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol. Ecol. |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02995.x |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Occasional crossbreeding between free-ranging domestic dogs and wild wolves (Canis lupus) has been detected in some European countries by mitochondrial DNA sequencing and genotyping unlinked microsatellite loci. Maternal and unlinked genomic markers, however, might underestimate the extent of introgressive hybridization, and their impacts on the preservation of wild wolf gene pools. In this study, we genotyped 220 presumed Italian wolves, 85 dogs and 7 known hybrids at 16 microsatellites belonging to four different linkage groups (plus four unlinked microsatellites). Population clustering and individual assignments were performed using a Bayesian procedure implemented in structure 2.1, which models the gametic disequilibrium arising between linked loci during admixtures, aiming to trace hybridization events further back in time and infer the population of origin of chromosomal blocks. Results indicate that (i) linkage disequilibrium was higher in wolves than in dogs; (ii) 11 out of 220 wolves (5.0%) were likely admixed, a proportion that is significantly higher than one admixed genotype in 107 wolves found previously in a study using unlinked markers; (iii) posterior maximum-likelihood estimates of the recombination parameter r revealed that introgression in Italian wolves is not recent, but could have continued for the last 70 (+/- 20) generations, corresponding to approximately 140-210 years. Bayesian clustering showed that, despite some admixture, wolf and dog gene pools remain sharply distinct (the average proportions of membership to wolf and dog clusters were Q(w) = 0.95 and Q(d) = 0.98, respectively), suggesting that hybridization was not frequent, and that introgression in nature is counteracted by behavioural or selective constraints. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Rasoul Khosravi |
| Author | Hamid Reza Rezaei |
| Author | Mohammad Kaboli |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.2108%2Fzsj.30.27 |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 27-34 |
| Publication | Zoological Science |
| ISSN | 0289-0003 |
| Date | Jan 2013 |
| Extra | PMID: 23317363 |
| Journal Abbr | Zool. Sci. |
| DOI | 10.2108/zsj.30.27 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | The genetic threat due to hybridization with free-ranging dogs is one major concern in wolf conservation. The identification of hybrids and extent of hybridization is important in the conservation and management of wolf populations. Genetic variation was analyzed at 15 unlinked loci in 28 dogs, 28 wolves, four known hybrids, two black wolves, and one dog with abnormal traits in Iran. Pritchard's model, multivariate ordination by principal component analysis and neighbor joining clustering were used for population clustering and individual assignment. Analysis of genetic variation showed that genetic variability is high in both wolf and dog populations in Iran. Values of H(E) in dog and wolf samples ranged from 0.75-0.92 and 0.77-0.92, respectively. The results of AMOVA showed that the two groups of dog and wolf were significantly different (F(ST) = 0.05 and R(ST) = 0.36; P < 0.001). In each of the three methods, wolf and dog samples were separated into two distinct clusters. Two dark wolves were assigned to the wolf cluster. Also these models detected D32 (dog with abnormal traits) and some other samples, which were assigned to more than one cluster and could be a hybrid. This study is the beginning of a genetic study in wolf populations in Iran, and our results reveal that as in other countries, hybridization between wolves and dogs is sporadic in Iran and can be a threat to wolf populations if human perturbations increase. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Adam H. Freedman |
| Author | Ilan Gronau |
| Author | Rena M. Schweizer |
| Author | Diego Ortega-Del Vecchyo |
| Author | Eunjung Han |
| Author | Pedro M. Silva |
| Author | Marco Galaverni |
| Author | Zhenxin Fan |
| Author | Peter Marx |
| Author | Belen Lorente-Galdos |
| Author | Holly Beale |
| Author | Oscar Ramirez |
| Author | Farhad Hormozdiari |
| Author | Can Alkan |
| Author | Carles Vilà |
| Author | Kevin Squire |
| Author | Eli Geffen |
| Author | Josip Kusak |
| Author | Adam R. Boyko |
| Author | Heidi G. Parker |
| Author | Clarence Lee |
| Author | Vasisht Tadigotla |
| Author | Alan Wilton |
| Author | Adam Siepel |
| Author | Carlos D. Bustamante |
| Author | Timothy T. Harkins |
| Author | Stanley F. Nelson |
| Author | Elaine A. Ostrander |
| Author | Tomas Marques-Bonet |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| Author | John Novembre |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004016 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | e1004016 |
| Publication | PLoS genetics |
| ISSN | 1553-7404 |
| Date | Jan 2014 |
| Extra | PMID: 24453982 PMCID: PMC3894170 |
| Journal Abbr | PLoS Genet. |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004016 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | To identify genetic changes underlying dog domestication and reconstruct their early evolutionary history, we generated high-quality genome sequences from three gray wolves, one from each of the three putative centers of dog domestication, two basal dog lineages (Basenji and Dingo) and a golden jackal as an outgroup. Analysis of these sequences supports a demographic model in which dogs and wolves diverged through a dynamic process involving population bottlenecks in both lineages and post-divergence gene flow. In dogs, the domestication bottleneck involved at least a 16-fold reduction in population size, a much more severe bottleneck than estimated previously. A sharp bottleneck in wolves occurred soon after their divergence from dogs, implying that the pool of diversity from which dogs arose was substantially larger than represented by modern wolf populations. We narrow the plausible range for the date of initial dog domestication to an interval spanning 11-16 thousand years ago, predating the rise of agriculture. In light of this finding, we expand upon previous work regarding the increase in copy number of the amylase gene (AMY2B) in dogs, which is believed to have aided digestion of starch in agricultural refuse. We find standing variation for amylase copy number variation in wolves and little or no copy number increase in the Dingo and Husky lineages. In conjunction with the estimated timing of dog origins, these results provide additional support to archaeological finds, suggesting the earliest dogs arose alongside hunter-gathers rather than agriculturists. Regarding the geographic origin of dogs, we find that, surprisingly, none of the extant wolf lineages from putative domestication centers is more closely related to dogs, and, instead, the sampled wolves form a sister monophyletic clade. This result, in combination with dog-wolf admixture during the process of domestication, suggests that a re-evaluation of past hypotheses regarding dog origins is necessary. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| Author | Bridgett M. vonHoldt |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00335-011-9386-7 |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 3-18 |
| Publication | Mammalian Genome: Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society |
| ISSN | 1432-1777 |
| Date | Feb 2012 |
| Extra | PMID: 22270221 |
| Journal Abbr | Mamm. Genome |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00335-011-9386-7 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | We review the underlying principles and tools used in genomic studies of domestic dogs aimed at understanding the genetic changes that have occurred during domestication. We show that there are two principle modes of evolution within dogs. One primary mode that accounts for much of the remarkable diversity of dog breeds is the fixation of discrete mutations of large effect in individual lineages that are then crossed to various breed groupings. This transfer of mutations across the dog evolutionary tree leads to the appearance of high phenotypic diversity that in actuality reflects a small number of major genes. A second mechanism causing diversification involves the selective breeding of dogs within distinct phenotypic or functional groups, which enhances specific group attributes such as heading or tracking. Such progressive selection leads to a distinct genetic structure in evolutionary trees such that functional and phenotypic groups cluster genetically. We trace the origin of the nuclear genome in dogs based on haplotype-sharing analyses between dogs and gray wolves and show that contrary to previous mtDNA analyses, the nuclear genome of dogs derives primarily from Middle Eastern or European wolves, a result more consistent with the archeological record. Sequencing analysis of the IGF1 gene, which has been the target of size selection in small breeds, further supports this conclusion. Finally, we discuss how a black coat color mutation that evolved in dogs has transformed North American gray wolf populations, providing a first example of a mutation that appeared under domestication and selectively swept through a wild relative. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Ilana Janowitz Koch |
| Author | Michelle M. Clark |
| Author | Michael J. Thompson |
| Author | Kerry A. Deere-Machemer |
| Author | Jun Wang |
| Author | Lionel Duarte |
| Author | Gitanjali E. Gnanadesikan |
| Author | Eskender L. McCoy |
| Author | Liudmilla Rubbi |
| Author | Daniel R. Stahler |
| Author | Matteo Pellegrini |
| Author | Elaine A. Ostrander |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| Author | Janet S. Sinsheimer |
| Author | Bridgett M. vonHoldt |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 1838-1855 |
| Publication | Molecular Ecology |
| ISSN | 1365-294X |
| Date | 04 2016 |
| Extra | PMID: 27112634 PMCID: PMC4849173 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol. Ecol. |
| DOI | 10.1111/mec.13480 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | The process of domestication can exert intense trait-targeted selection on genes and regulatory regions. Specifically, rapid shifts in the structure and sequence of genomic regulatory elements could provide an explanation for the extensive, and sometimes extreme, variation in phenotypic traits observed in domesticated species. Here, we explored methylation differences from >24 000 cytosines distributed across the genomes of the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus). PCA and model-based cluster analyses identified two primary groups, domestic vs. wild canids. A scan for significantly differentially methylated sites (DMSs) revealed species-specific patterns at 68 sites after correcting for cell heterogeneity, with weak yet significant hypermethylation typical of purebred dogs when compared to wolves (59% and 58%, P < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, methylation patterns at eight genes significantly deviated from neutrality, with similar trends of hypermethylation in purebred dogs. The majority (>66%) of differentially methylated regions contained or were associated with repetitive elements, indicative of a genotype-mediated trend. However, DMSs were also often linked to functionally relevant genes (e.g. neurotransmitters). Finally, we utilized known genealogical relationships among Yellowstone wolves to survey transmission stability of methylation marks, from which we found a substantial fraction that demonstrated high heritability (both H(2) and h(2 ) > 0.99). These analyses provide a unique epigenetic insight into the molecular consequences of recent selection and radiation of our most ancient domesticated companion, the dog. These findings suggest selection has acted on methylation patterns, providing a new genomic perspective on phenotypic diversification in domesticated species. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Rena M. Schweizer |
| Author | Bridgett M. vonHoldt |
| Author | Ryan Harrigan |
| Author | James C. Knowles |
| Author | Marco Musiani |
| Author | David Coltman |
| Author | John Novembre |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 380-402 |
| Publication | Molecular Ecology |
| ISSN | 1365-294X |
| Date | 01 2016 |
| Extra | PMID: 26333947 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol. Ecol. |
| DOI | 10.1111/mec.13364 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Previous genetic studies of the highly mobile grey wolf (Canis lupus) found population structure that coincides with habitat and phenotype differences. We hypothesized that these ecologically distinct populations (ecotypes) should exhibit signatures of selection in genes related to morphology, coat colour and metabolism. To test these predictions, we quantified population structure related to habitat using a genotyping array to assess variation in 42 036 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 111 North American grey wolves. Using these SNP data and individual-level measurements of 12 environmental variables, we identified six ecotypes: West Forest, Boreal Forest, Arctic, High Arctic, British Columbia and Atlantic Forest. Next, we explored signals of selection across these wolf ecotypes through the use of three complementary methods to detect selection: FST /haplotype homozygosity bivariate percentilae, bayescan, and environmentally correlated directional selection with bayenv. Across all methods, we found consistent signals of selection on genes related to morphology, coat coloration, metabolism, as predicted, as well as vision and hearing. In several high-ranking candidate genes, including LEPR, TYR and SLC14A2, we found variation in allele frequencies that follow environmental changes in temperature and precipitation, a result that is consistent with local adaptation rather than genetic drift. Our findings show that local adaptation can occur despite gene flow in a highly mobile species and can be detected through a moderately dense genomic scan. These patterns of local adaptation revealed by SNP genotyping likely reflect high fidelity to natal habitats of dispersing wolves, strong ecological divergence among habitats, and moderate levels of linkage in the wolf genome. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Yan Li |
| Author | Bridgett M. Vonholdt |
| Author | Andy Reynolds |
| Author | Adam R. Boyko |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| Author | Dong-Dong Wu |
| Author | Ya-Ping Zhang |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmst088 |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 1867-1876 |
| Publication | Molecular Biology and Evolution |
| ISSN | 1537-1719 |
| Date | Aug 2013 |
| Extra | PMID: 23660689 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol. Biol. Evol. |
| DOI | 10.1093/molbev/mst088 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Domesticated dogs have many unique behaviors not found in gray wolves that have augmented their interaction and communication with humans. The genetic basis of such unique behaviors in dogs remains poorly understood. We found that genes within regions highly differentiated between outbred Chinese native dogs (CNs) and wolves show high bias for expression localized to brain tissues, particularly the prefrontal cortex, a specific region responsible for complex cognitive behaviors. In contrast, candidate genes showing high population differentiation between CNs and German Shepherd dogs (GSs) did not demonstrate significant expression bias. These observations indicate that these candidate genes highly expressed in the brain have rapidly evolved. This rapid evolution was probably driven by artificial selection during the primary transition from wolves to ancient dogs and was consistent with the evolution of dog-specific characteristics, such as behavior transformation, for thousands of years. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Bridgett M. vonHoldt |
| Author | John P. Pollinger |
| Author | Dent A. Earl |
| Author | Heidi G. Parker |
| Author | Elaine A. Ostrander |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 80-88 |
| Publication | Mammalian Genome: Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society |
| ISSN | 1432-1777 |
| Date | Feb 2013 |
| Extra | PMID: 23064780 |
| Journal Abbr | Mamm. Genome |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00335-012-9432-0 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | The ability to detect recent hybridization between dogs and wolves is important for conservation and legal actions, which often require accurate and rapid resolution of ancestry. The availability of a genetic test for dog-wolf hybrids would greatly support federal and legal enforcement efforts, particularly when the individual in question lacks prior ancestry information. We have developed a panel of 100 unlinked ancestry-informative SNP markers that can detect mixed ancestry within up to four generations of dog-wolf hybridization based on simulations of seven genealogical classes constructed following the rules of Mendelian inheritance. We establish 95 % confidence regions around the spatial clustering of each genealogical class using a tertiary plot of allele dosage and heterozygosity. The first- and second-backcrossed-generation hybrids were the most distinct from parental populations, with >90 % correctly assigned to genealogical class. In this article we provide a tool kit with population-level statistical quantification that can detect recent dog-wolf hybridization using a panel of dog-wolf ancestry-informative SNPs with divergent allele frequency distributions. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Caleb M. Bryce |
| Author | Terrie M. Williams |
| URL | http://jeb.biologists.org/content/220/2/312 |
| License | © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ |
| Volume | 220 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 312-321 |
| Publication | Journal of Experimental Biology |
| ISSN | 0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
| Date | 2017/01/15 |
| Extra | PMID: 27811300 |
| DOI | 10.1242/jeb.144188 |
| Accessed | 2018-03-28 02:25:18 |
| Library Catalog | jeb.biologists.org |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Skip to Next Section The broad diversity in morphology and geographic distribution of the 35 free-ranging members of the family Canidae is only rivaled by that of the domesticated dog, Canis lupus familiaris. Considered to be among nature's most elite endurance athletes, both domestic and wild canids provide a unique opportunity to examine the variability in mammalian aerobic exercise performance and energy expenditure. To determine the potential effects of domestication and selective breeding on locomotor gait and economy in canids, we measured the kinematics and mass-specific metabolism of three large (>20 kg) dog breed groups (northern breeds, retrievers and hounds) of varying morphological and genomic relatedness to their shared progenitor, the gray wolf. By measuring all individuals moving in preferred steady-state gaits along a level transect and on a treadmill, we found distinct biomechanical, kinematic and energetic patterns for each breed group. While all groups exhibited reduced total cost of transport (COT) at faster speeds, the total COT and net COT during trotting and galloping were significantly lower for northern breed dogs (3.0 and 2.1 J kg−1 m−1, respectively) relative to hound (4.2 and 3.4 J kg−1 m−1, respectively) and retriever dogs (3.8 and 3.0 J kg−1 m−1, respectively) of comparable mass. Similarly, northern breeds expended less energy per stride (3.5 J kg−1 stride−1) than hounds or retrievers (5.0 and 4.0 J kg−1 stride−1, respectively). These results suggest that, in addition to their close genetic and morphological ties to gray wolves, northern breed dogs have retained highly cursorial kinematic and physiological traits that promote economical movement across the landscape. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Adam H. Freedman |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110937 |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 281-307 |
| Publication | Annual Review of Animal Biosciences |
| ISSN | 2165-8110 |
| Date | Feb 08, 2017 |
| Extra | PMID: 27912242 |
| Journal Abbr | Annu Rev Anim Biosci |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110937 |
| Accessed | 2018-03-28 02:16:58 |
| Library Catalog | Annual Reviews |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Understanding the timing and geographic context of dog origins is a crucial component for understanding human history, as well as the evolutionary context in which the morphological and behavioral divergence of dogs from wolves occurred. A substantial challenge to understanding domestication is that dogs have experienced a complicated demographic history. An initial severe bottleneck was associated with domestication followed by postdivergence gene flow between dogs and wolves, as well as population expansions, contractions, and replacements. In addition, because the domestication of dogs occurred in the relatively recent past, much of the observed polymorphism may be shared between dogs and wolves, limiting the power to distinguish between alternative models of dog history. Greater insight into the domestication process will require explicit tests of alternative models of domestication through the joint analysis of whole genomes from modern lineages and ancient wolves and dogs from across Eurasia. |
| Short Title | Deciphering the Origin of Dogs |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Márta Gácsi |
| Author | Borbála Gyoöri |
| Author | Zsófia Virányi |
| Author | Enikö Kubinyi |
| Author | Friederike Range |
| Author | Beatrix Belényi |
| Author | Ádám Miklósi |
| URL | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006584 |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | e6584 |
| Publication | PLOS ONE |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| Date | Aug 28, 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | PLOS ONE |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0006584 |
| Accessed | 2018-01-23 23:05:08 |
| Library Catalog | PLoS Journals |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Background The comparison of human related communication skills of socialized canids may help to understand the evolution and the epigenesis of gesture comprehension in humans. To reconcile previously contradicting views on the origin of dogs' outstanding performance in utilizing human gestures, we suggest that dog-wolf differences should be studied in a more complex way. Methodology/Principal Findings We present data both on the performance and the behaviour of dogs and wolves of different ages in a two-way object choice test. Characteristic behavioural differences showed that for wolves it took longer to establish eye contact with the pointing experimenter, they struggled more with the handler, and pups also bit her more before focusing on the human's signal. The performance of similarly hand-reared 8-week-old dogs and wolves did not differ in utilizing the simpler proximal momentary pointing. However, when tested with the distal momentary pointing, 4-month-old pet dogs outperformed the same aged hand reared wolves. Thus early and intensive socialisation does not diminish differences between young dogs and wolves in behaviour and performance. Socialised adult wolves performed similarly well as dogs in this task without pretraining. The success of adult wolves was accompanied with increased willingness to cooperate. Conclusion/Significance Thus, we provide evidence for the first time that socialised adult wolves are as successful in relying on distal momentary pointing as adult pet dogs. However, the delayed emergence of utilising human distal momentary pointing in wolves shows that these wild canines react to a lesser degree to intensive socialisation in contrast to dogs, which are able to control agonistic behaviours and inhibition of actions in a food related task early in development. We suggest a “synergistic” hypothesis, claiming that positive feedback processes (both evolutionary and epigenetic) have increased the readiness of dogs to attend to humans, providing the basis for dog-human communication. |
| Short Title | Explaining Dog Wolf Differences in Utilizing Human Pointing Gestures |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | K. Zhugunissov |
| Author | Ye Bulatov |
| Author | D. Taranov |
| Author | Z. Yershebulov |
| Author | Zh Koshemetov |
| Author | Ye Abduraimov |
| Author | Zh Kondibayeva |
| Author | A. Samoltyrova |
| Author | Zh Amanova |
| Author | B. Khairullin |
| Author | A. Sansyzbay |
| URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3499-6 |
| Volume | 162 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | 3363-3370 |
| Publication | Archives of Virology |
| ISSN | 1432-8798 |
| Date | Nov 2017 |
| Extra | PMID: 28766059 |
| Journal Abbr | Arch. Virol. |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00705-017-3499-6 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | In this study the safety and protective immunity of an oral rabies vaccine, based on the live, modified rabies virus strain VRC-RZ2, was examined in stray dogs (Canis Sp.), corsacs (Vulpes corsac) and steppe wolves (Canis lupus campestris). In the safety group (dogs, n=6; corsacs, n=3; wolves, n=3) which was vaccinated with a 10-times field dose/animal, no animals showed any signs of disease or changes in behavior or appetite during the period of clinical observation, similar to the animals in the negative control group. Saliva samples taken from animals prior and post (5(th) and 10(th) days) vaccination failed to demonstrate rabies virus antigen. Observations of immunogenicity in vaccinated carnivores (dogs, corsacs and wolves) during a 180 day period showed the titers of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in the blood sera of vaccinated dogs to be within 0.59-1.37 IU/mL. On 14 days post vaccination (dpv), all the wild carnivores had detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies, with mean titers ranging from 0.50 ± 0.07 IU/mL (for wolves) to 0.59 ± 0.10 IU/mL (for corsacs). Weeks after vaccination, all the vaccinated wolves and corsacs had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies: 0.70 ± 0.10 - 0.71 ± 0.08 IU/mL at 30 dpv, 1.06 ± 0.08 - 1.28 ± 0.21 IU/mL at 60 dpv and 0.41 ± 0.09 - 047 ± 0.06 at 180 dpv. The highest level of VNA (˃1.0 IU/ml) was detected at 60 dpv, in all vaccinated animals. After challenge all vaccinated dogs remained healthy for 180 days. Control animals (unvaccinated dogs) developed symptoms of rabies on day 6 post administration of a virulent virus and died of rabies on days 11-13. Of note, the VNA titers in all the wild carnivores (corsacs and wolves) immunized with VRC-RZ2 were higher than 0.5 IU/ml (0.59 ± 0.11 IU/ml), even as early as 14 days post vaccination. These, presumably protective, titers of antibodies to rabies virus were present in the dogs and wild carnivores examined in this study for at least 180 days. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Enikő Kubinyi |
| Author | Melinda Bence |
| Author | Dora Koller |
| Author | Michele Wan |
| Author | Eniko Pergel |
| Author | Zsolt Ronai |
| Author | Maria Sasvari-Szekely |
| Author | Ádám Miklósi |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2017.01520 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Pages | 1520 |
| Publication | Frontiers in Psychology |
| ISSN | 1664-1078 |
| Date | 2017 |
| Extra | PMID: 28936190 PMCID: PMC5594098 |
| Journal Abbr | Front Psychol |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01520 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Meeting humans is an everyday experience for most companion dogs, and their behavior in these situations and its genetic background is of major interest. Previous research in our laboratory reported that in German shepherd dogs the lack of G allele, and in Border collies the lack of A allele, of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) 19208A/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was linked to increased friendliness, which suggests that although broad traits are affected by genetic variability, the specific links between alleles and behavioral variables might be breed-specific. In the current study, we found that Siberian huskies with the A allele approached a friendly unfamiliar woman less frequently in a greeting test, which indicates that certain polymorphisms are related to human directed behavior, but that the relationship patterns between polymorphisms and behavioral phenotypes differ between populations. This finding was further supported by our next investigation. According to primate studies, endogenous opioid peptide (e.g., endorphins) receptor genes have also been implicated in social relationships. Therefore, we examined the rs21912990 of the OPRM1 gene. Firstly, we found that the allele frequencies of Siberian huskies and gray wolves were similar, but differed from that of Border collies and German shepherd dogs, which might reflect their genetic relationship. Secondly, we detected significant associations between the OPRM1 SNP and greeting behavior among German shepherd dogs and a trend in Border collies, but we could not detect an association in Siberian huskies. Although our results with OXTR and OPRM1 gene variants should be regarded as preliminary due to the relatively low sample size, they suggest that (1) OXTR and OPRM1 gene variants in dogs affect human-directed social behavior and (2) their effects differ between breeds. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Virginia Morell |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.345.6199.864 |
| Volume | 345 |
| Issue | 6199 |
| Pages | 864 |
| Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) |
| ISSN | 1095-9203 |
| Date | Aug 22, 2014 |
| Extra | PMID: 25146264 |
| Journal Abbr | Science |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.345.6199.864 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Scientists have long debated how humans turned wild wolves into domesticated dogs. Several have hypothesized that people selected wolves that were especially cooperative, and continued to develop that trait when breeding the first dogs, thus creating animals that are eager to work with us. But at last week's Animal Behavior Society meeting, researchers challenged this idea with new studies showing that wolves are far more cooperative than their canine relatives are. Wolf packs are egalitarian, these scientists say, whereas those of dogs are hierarchical. Our pooches regard people as top dogs and expect to be given orders. That is also why they often fail at problem-solving tasks, while wolves succeed. Most dogs won't even try to open a sealed container of food, unless a human has given them a command to do so. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Yan Li |
| Author | Dong-Dong Wu |
| Author | Adam R. Boyko |
| Author | Guo-Dong Wang |
| Author | Shi-Fang Wu |
| Author | David M. Irwin |
| Author | Ya-Ping Zhang |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu070 |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 1200-1205 |
| Publication | Molecular Biology and Evolution |
| ISSN | 1537-1719 |
| Date | May 2014 |
| Extra | PMID: 24520091 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol. Biol. Evol. |
| DOI | 10.1093/molbev/msu070 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | With the assistance of their human companions, dogs have dispersed into new environments during the expansion of human civilization. Tibetan Mastiff (TM), a native of the Tibetan Plateau, was derived from the domesticated Chinese native dog and, like Tibetans, has adapted to the extreme environment of high altitude. Here, we genotyped genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 32 TMs and compared them with SNPs from 20 Chinese native dogs and 14 gray wolves (Canis lupus). We identified 16 genes with signals of positive selection in the TM, with 12 of these candidate genes associated with functions that have roles in adaptation to high-altitude adaptation, such as EPAS1, SIRT7, PLXNA4, and MAFG that have roles in responses to hypoxia. This study provides important information on the genetic diversity of the TM and potential mechanisms for adaptation to hypoxia. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Raquel Godinho |
| Author | José Vicente López-Bao |
| Author | Diana Castro |
| Author | Luís Llaneza |
| Author | Susana Lopes |
| Author | Pedro Silva |
| Author | Nuno Ferrand |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1755-0998.12313 |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 317-328 |
| Publication | Molecular Ecology Resources |
| ISSN | 1755-0998 |
| Date | Mar 2015 |
| Extra | PMID: 25132482 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol Ecol Resour |
| DOI | 10.1111/1755-0998.12313 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Wolves and dogs provide a paradigmatic example of the ecological and conservation implications of hybridization events between wild and domesticated forms. However, our understanding of such implications has been traditionally hampered by both high genetic similarity and the difficulties in obtaining tissue samples (TS), which limit our ability to assess ongoing hybridization events. To assess the occurrence and extension of hybridization in a pack of wolf-dog hybrids in northwestern Iberia, we compared the power of 52 nuclear markers implemented on TS with a subset of 13 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) typed in noninvasive samples (NIS). We demonstrate that the 13 AIMs are as accurate as the 52 markers that were chosen without regard to the power to differentiate between wolves and dogs, also having the advantage of being rapidly screened on NIS. The efficiency of AIMs significantly outperformed ten random sets of similar size and an additional commercial set of 18 markers. Bayesian clustering analysis implemented on AIMs and NIS identified nine hybrids, two wolves and two dogs. Four hybrids were unambiguously assigned to F1xWolf backcrosses. Our approach (AIMs + NIS) overcomes previous difficulties related to sample availability and informative power of markers, allowing a quick identification of wolf-dog hybrids in the first phases of hybridization episodes. This provides managers with a reliable tool to evaluate hybridization and estimate the success of their actions. This approach may be easily adapted for other pairs of wild/domesticated species, thus improving our understanding of the introgression of domestication genes into natural populations. |
| Short Title | Real-time assessment of hybridization between wolves and dogs |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Nuno Santos |
| Author | Helena Rio-Maior |
| Author | Mónia Nakamura |
| Author | Sara Roque |
| Author | Ricardo Brandão |
| Author | Francisco Álvares |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10253890.2017.1368487 |
| Pages | 1-10 |
| Publication | Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) |
| ISSN | 1607-8888 |
| Date | Aug 28, 2017 |
| Extra | PMID: 28845717 |
| Journal Abbr | Stress |
| DOI | 10.1080/10253890.2017.1368487 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVES: Wildlife capture is an essential management tool that induces a reactive homeostasis response in the captured animals. The aim of this study was to characterize the reactive homeostatic response to trapping in free-ranging wolves and assess the mitigation achieved by reducing the duration of restraint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Making use of wolves captured for ecological research as a model for wildlife acute stress, we characterize 25 reactive homeostasis mediators and we assess the effect on these mediators of reducing the duration of restraint in trap by using remote trap activation alarms. RESULTS: Free-ranging wolves trapped by leg-hold snares (n = 15) showed higher stress leukogram, tissue injury and hematocrit; while lower glucose, ions and cardiac rate compared with captive wolves. They also showed higher leukocyte count and creatine kinase; but lower hematocrit, cardiac rate and rectal body temperature compared to wolves captured by darting from a helicopter. Daily distance travelled was significantly lower up to day 12 post-capture compared to the remainder of the telemetry follow-up and this effect was more noticeable on the nocturnal distance travelled. Reducing the duration of restraint on trap significantly lowered the stress leukogram and dehydration. Daily distance travelled during the night by wolves captured using trap-alarms was significantly lower only up to day 4 post-capture compared to up to day 28 for wolves captured without trap-alarms. DISCUSSION: The capture method and duration of restraint influence the reactive homeostasis response of free-ranging wolves. Technological solutions that reduce the duration of restraint on trap significantly dampen this influence. CONCLUSIONS: Wildlife trapping actions should strive to minimize the delay from capture to manipulation. |
| Short Title | Characterization and minimization of the stress response to trapping in free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Abby Grace Drake |
| Author | Michael Coquerelle |
| Author | Pavel A. Kosintsev |
| Author | Olga P. Bachura |
| Author | Mikhail Sablin |
| Author | Andrei V. Gusev |
| Author | Lacey S. Fleming |
| Author | Robert J. Losey |
| URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10232-1 |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 9508 |
| Publication | Scientific Reports |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| Date | Aug 25, 2017 |
| Extra | PMID: 28842717 PMCID: PMC5573390 |
| Journal Abbr | Sci Rep |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-017-10232-1 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Much of the fossil record for dogs consists of mandibles. However, can fossil canid mandibles be reliably identified as dogs or wolves? 3D geometric morphometric analysis correctly classifies 99.5% of the modern dog and wolf mandibles. However, only 4 of 26 Ust'-Polui fossil mandibles, a Russian Arctic site occupied from 250BCE to 150CE, were identified as dogs and none of the 20 Ivolgin mandibles, an Iron Age site in southern Russia, were identified as dogs. Three of the Ust'-Polui mandibles and 8 of the Ivolgin mandibles were identified as wolves. In contrast, all 12 Ivolgin skulls and 5 Ust'-Polui skulls were clearly identified as dogs. Only the classification of the UP6571 skull as a dog (Dog Posterior Probability = 1.0) was not supported by the typical probability. Other evidence indicates these canids were domesticated: they were located within human dwellings, remains at both sites have butchery marks indicating that they were consumed, and isotope analysis of canid and human remains from Ust'-Polui demonstrate that both were consuming freshwater protein; indicating that the humans were feeding the canids. Our results demonstrate that the mandible may not evolve as rapidly as the cranium and the mandible is not reliable for identifying early dog fossils. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Eli Geffen |
| Author | Michael Kam |
| Author | Reuven Hefner |
| Author | Pall Hersteinsson |
| Author | Anders Angerbjörn |
| Author | Love Dalèn |
| Author | Eva Fuglei |
| Author | Karin Norèn |
| Author | Jennifer R. Adams |
| Author | John Vucetich |
| Author | Thomas J. Meier |
| Author | L. D. Mech |
| Author | Bridgett M. Vonholdt |
| Author | Daniel R. Stahler |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2011.05358.x |
| Volume | 20 |
| Issue | 24 |
| Pages | 5348-5358 |
| Publication | Molecular Ecology |
| ISSN | 1365-294X |
| Date | Dec 2011 |
| Extra | PMID: 22077191 |
| Journal Abbr | Mol. Ecol. |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05358.x |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Mating with close kin can lead to inbreeding depression through the expression of recessive deleterious alleles and loss of heterozygosity. Mate selection may be affected by kin encounter rate, and inbreeding avoidance may not be uniform but associated with age and social system. Specifically, selection for kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance may be more developed in species that live in family groups or breed cooperatively. To test this hypothesis, we compared kin encounter rate and the proportion of related breeding pairs in noninbred and highly inbred canid populations. The chance of randomly encountering a full sib ranged between 1-8% and 20-22% in noninbred and inbred canid populations, respectively. We show that regardless of encounter rate, outside natal groups mates were selected independent of relatedness. Within natal groups, there was a significant avoidance of mating with a relative. Lack of discrimination against mating with close relatives outside packs suggests that the rate of inbreeding in canids is related to the proximity of close relatives, which could explain the high degree of inbreeding depression observed in some populations. The idea that kin encounter rate and social organization can explain the lack of inbreeding avoidance in some species is intriguing and may have implications for the management of populations at risk. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Astrid V. Stronen |
| Author | Nathalie Tessier |
| Author | Hélène Jolicoeur |
| Author | Paul C. Paquet |
| Author | Michel Hénault |
| Author | Mario Villemure |
| Author | Brent R. Patterson |
| Author | Tim Sallows |
| Author | Gloria Goulet |
| Author | François-Joseph Lapointe |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fece3.335 |
| Volume | 2 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Pages | 2128-2140 |
| Publication | Ecology and Evolution |
| ISSN | 2045-7758 |
| Date | Sep 2012 |
| Extra | PMID: 23139873 PMCID: PMC3488665 |
| Journal Abbr | Ecol Evol |
| DOI | 10.1002/ece3.335 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Contemporary evolution through human-induced hybridization occurs throughout the taxonomic range. Formerly allopatric species appear especially susceptible to hybridization. Consequently, hybridization is expected to be more common in regions with recent sympatry owing to human activity than in areas of historical range overlap. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray wolves (C. lupus) are historically sympatric in western North America. Following European settlement gray wolf range contracted, whereas coyote range expanded to include eastern North America. Furthermore, wolves with New World (NW) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes now extend from Manitoba to Québec in Canada and hybridize with gray wolves and coyotes. Using mtDNA and 12 microsatellite markers, we evaluated levels of wolf-coyote hybridization in regions where coyotes were present (the Canadian Prairies, n = 109 samples) and absent historically (Québec, n = 154). Wolves with NW mtDNA extended from central Saskatchewan (51°N, 69°W) to northeastern Québec (54°N, 108°W). On the Prairies, 6.3% of coyotes and 9.2% of wolves had genetic profiles suggesting wolf-coyote hybridization. In contrast, 12.6% of coyotes and 37.4% of wolves in Québec had profiles indicating hybrid origin. Wolves with NW and Old World (C. lupus) mtDNA appear to form integrated populations in both regions. Our results suggest that hybridization is more frequent in historically allopatric populations. Range shifts, now expected across taxa following climate change and other human influence on the environment, might therefore promote contemporary evolution by hybridization. |
| Short Title | Canid hybridization |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Anna S. Druzhkova |
| Author | Olaf Thalmann |
| Author | Vladimir A. Trifonov |
| Author | Jennifer A. Leonard |
| Author | Nadezhda V. Vorobieva |
| Author | Nikolai D. Ovodov |
| Author | Alexander S. Graphodatsky |
| Author | Robert K. Wayne |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0057754 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | e57754 |
| Publication | PloS One |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| Date | 2013 |
| Extra | PMID: 23483925 PMCID: PMC3590291 |
| Journal Abbr | PLoS ONE |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057754 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | The origin of domestic dogs remains controversial, with genetic data indicating a separation between modern dogs and wolves in the Late Pleistocene. However, only a few dog-like fossils are found prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, and it is widely accepted that the dog domestication predates the beginning of agriculture about 10,000 years ago. In order to evaluate the genetic relationship of one of the oldest dogs, we have isolated ancient DNA from the recently described putative 33,000-year old Pleistocene dog from Altai and analysed 413 nucleotides of the mitochondrial control region. Our analyses reveal that the unique haplotype of the Altai dog is more closely related to modern dogs and prehistoric New World canids than it is to contemporary wolves. Further genetic analyses of ancient canids may reveal a more exact date and centre of domestication. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Freya van Kesteren |
| Author | Monique Paris |
| Author | David W. Macdonald |
| Author | Robert Millar |
| Author | Kifle Argaw |
| Author | Paul J. Johnson |
| Author | Wenche Farstad |
| Author | Claudio Sillero-Zubiri |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2013.08.016 |
| Volume | 122 |
| Pages | 39-45 |
| Publication | Physiology & Behavior |
| ISSN | 1873-507X |
| Date | Oct 02, 2013 |
| Extra | PMID: 23994497 |
| Journal Abbr | Physiol. Behav. |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.016 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | Ethiopian wolves, Canis simensis, differ from other cooperatively breeding canids in that they combine intense sociality with solitary foraging, making them a suitable species in which to study the physiology of cooperative breeding. The reproductive physiology of twenty wild female Ethiopian wolves (eleven dominant and nine subordinate) in Ethiopia's Bale Mountains National Park was studied non-invasively through the extraction and assaying of estradiol, progesterone and glucocorticoids in collected fecal samples using enzyme and radioimmunoassays. All dominant females showed increased estradiol concentrations and/or mating behavior during the annual mating season. In contrast, none of the subordinate females showed increased estradiol concentrations or mating behavior during the mating season. However, two subordinate females came into estrus outside of the mating season. Both dominant and subordinate females had higher average progesterone concentrations during the dominant female's pregnancy than at other times of the year, and two subordinate females allosuckled the dominant female's pups. No statistically significant differences in glucocorticoid concentrations were found between dominant and subordinate females. These results suggest that subordinate females are reproductively suppressed during the annual mating season, but may ovulate outside of the mating season and become pseudopregnant. No evidence was found to suggest that reproductive suppression in subordinate females was regulated through aggressive behaviors, and no relationship was found between fecal glucocorticoids and dominance status. |
| Item Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Morgane Ollivier |
| Author | Anne Tresset |
| Author | Christophe Hitte |
| Author | Coraline Petit |
| Author | Sandrine Hughes |
| Author | Benjamin Gillet |
| Author | Marilyne Duffraisse |
| Author | Maud Pionnier-Capitan |
| Author | Laetitia Lagoutte |
| Author | Rose-Marie Arbogast |
| Author | Adrian Balasescu |
| Author | Adina Boroneant |
| Author | Marjan Mashkour |
| Author | Jean-Denis Vigne |
| Author | Catherine Hänni |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075110 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | e75110 |
| Publication | PloS One |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| Date | 2013 |
| Extra | PMID: 24098367 PMCID: PMC3788791 |
| Journal Abbr | PLoS ONE |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0075110 |
| Library Catalog | PubMed |
| Language | eng |
| Abstract | We have used a paleogenetics approach to investigate the genetic landscape of coat color variation in ancient Eurasian dog and wolf populations. We amplified DNA fragments of two genes controlling coat color, Mc1r (Melanocortin 1 Receptor) and CBD103 (canine-β-defensin), in respectively 15 and 19 ancient canids (dogs and wolf morphotypes) from 14 different archeological sites, throughout Asia and Europe spanning from ca. 12 000 B.P. (end of Upper Palaeolithic) to ca. 4000 B.P. (Bronze Age). We provide evidence of a new variant (R301C) of the Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) and highlight the presence of the beta-defensin melanistic mutation (CDB103-K locus) on ancient DNA from dog-and wolf-morphotype specimens. We show that the dominant K(B) allele (CBD103), which causes melanism, and R301C (Mc1r), the variant that may cause light hair color, are present as early as the beginning of the Holocene, over 10,000 years ago. These results underline the genetic diversity of prehistoric dogs. This diversity may have partly stemmed not only from the wolf gene pool captured by domestication but also from mutations very likely linked to the relaxation of natural selection pressure occurring in-line with this process. |