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2025-10-21T16:12:11-07:00

Map of Near and Middle East Oil 1965

2025-09-28T18:01:59-07:00

7th edition of the Map of Near and Middle East Oil. Published by B. Orchard Lisle, International Oil Consultant, Pertroleum Technologist, Research Analystd, 1965. Majestic Bldg., Fort Worth Texas

Networks are a central visual and analytical feature of this map. Here’s a breakdown of the networks present, what they mean, and how they relate to the map’s context:

1. Oil and Gas Pipeline Networks

Major Pipelines: Heavy lines traverse the map, notably from Iraq (Kirkuk) to the Mediterranean (Tripoli, Haifa), from the Persian Gulf inland, and across the Arabian Peninsula. These pipelines connect oilfields to export terminals and refineries, forming the literal backbone of the Middle Eastern oil economy.
- Example: The Iraq Petroleum Company pipeline runs from northern Iraq westward to the Mediterranean.
- Additional Examples: Pipelines from Abadan (Iran), Dhahran-Dammam (Saudi Arabia), and Kuwait to coastlines and terminals.
Legend: The legend at lower center distinguishes between types of pipelines (existing, under construction, projected).

2. Oilfield and Refinery Networks

Fields and Refineries: Networks of oilfields (clusters of wells, symbolized by icons) are shown in:
- Southeastern Iran
- Kuwait
- Eastern Saudi Arabia (Ghawar, Dhahran)
- Northern Iraq
- Bahrain
- Qatar
- Baku (Azerbaijan)
Refineries and Terminals: These are networked nodes, connected by pipelines and shipping routes.

3. Concession and Ownership Networks

Company Areas: Shaded patterns and color blocks delineate which multinational or national company controls which areas.
- Inset tables and lower text blocks list the principal owners, revealing a web of corporate and political control stretching across national borders.
Contracts and Permits: These are mapped as overlapping zones, emphasizing the legal and economic network underlying physical infrastructure.

4. Maritime and Shipping Networks

Tanker Terminals: Coastal nodes show where oil is loaded for maritime transport, connecting Middle Eastern production to global consumption.
Shipping Routes: While not always explicitly drawn, the proximity of terminals to major sea lanes (Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Mediterranean) suggests the networked nature of oil export.

5. Regional and International Networks

Inset Maps: Marginal insets provide high-density detail for network nodes (e.g., Kuwait, Dhahran, Baku), showing how networks become denser at critical points.
Transnational Connections: Pipelines and concession boundaries frequently cross modern political borders, underlining the supra-national character of the oil network.

Interpretive Significance

Technical and Political Network: The map reveals not just the physical infrastructure but the political-economic web of relationships—companies, concession boundaries, and intergovernmental arrangements.
Historical Context: In 1965, these networks were dominated by Western companies, but the complexity also hints at coming shifts (nationalization, OPEC).
Integrated System: The map visually asserts that the Middle East’s oil is not a collection of isolated sites, but a tightly interwoven system shaping global politics and economics.

Conclusion

The map is a diagram of networks—pipelines, oilfields, terminals, company concessions, and shipping routes—depicting the Middle East’s oil as a vast, interdependent system. These networks are both physical (infrastructure) and abstract (ownership, contracts), making the map a powerful tool for understanding the strategic importance and international entanglement of oil in the mid-20th century. AI analysis.

A Mile Long Map At Burning Man 2024

2024-10-21T16:08:29-07:00

Can a map be a mile long? Kevin Kelly (founding editor of Wired Magazine) and David Rumsey created one with The Speed of The Earth art installation, a roughly one mile long line of 30 strobe lights mapping the rotational speed of the earth on its axis - 1156 feet per second or 788 miles per hour. Installed at Burning Man on the Black Rock Desert in Nevada in September of 2024, The Speed of The Earth joined over 400 other art works to form one of the largest public art exhibitions in the world, seen by over 75,000 attendees. The lights moved at the Earth's rotational speed around its axis at the latitude of Burning Man. Watching the lights move, observers were able to feel the rotation of the Earth under their feet. Each light unit made its own solar power, stored it in batteries for night consumption, ran 24/7 without interruption, and used GPS satellites to determine when to flash in sequence.

Drone video shows the lights at night from above.

The Speed of The Earth installation is the red line.

Showing the 100 foot corona of each light.

One of the thirty lights.

The lights seen from the top of The Man looking north towards the Temple.

Light flashing.

Lights seen at ground level moving from east to west across the playa.

Video by Reza Tabesh - "From this one spot you can see 4 perspectives from Burning Man 🔥 @_mayanwarrior_ takes the foreground with @sonicrunway being seen in the distance. Upon observation you can easily see the lights from art installation, The Speed of The Earth and far in the background you can even see the Drone Show. Burning Man is an incredible place where many perspectives and energies come together in harmony" Watch on Instagram with Sound

Check out this great instagram post about the installation by @jamenpercy.burn

‘The Speed of the Earth’ by Kevin Kelly @kevin2kelly and David Rumsey was a fascinating artwork and bit of tech. What looks like just a flashing set of lights nearly a mile long, was far more than that. The lights are programmed precisely at the speed of the Earths rotation, each Independently lighting up with a pulse of light using GPS. This gave the viewer a visible representation of how fast we are spinning through space on this crazy round rock. The sheer sense of scale is mind blowing and an excellent piece viewed from above!

1320 Selected Maps And Images From The David Rumsey Map Collection

2023-12-17T15:10:49-08:00

Over the past 20 years, I have featured these maps and images to rotate on my home page. They represent the growing depth and breadth of the collection.

A Stranger Quest

2023-11-15T19:31:15-08:00

Documentary – 90 minutes – 2023

David Rumsey has spent the last 30 years building one of the biggest historical map collections in the world. He calls it his poem. As seen through the eyes of an AI narrator, this seems like an unexplainable quest. In this film, the narrator follows him on a road trip as he encounters ghosts from his past and sees the end inching closer. "A Stranger Quest" premiers at the Torino Film Festival November 30. Made by Italian filmmaker Andrea Gatopoulos, the film will be released in 2024.

John Hessler – In Conversation with David Rumsey

2023-09-19T16:28:48-07:00

David Rumsey is one of the most important map collectors of the last half century. He has thought deeply about the importance the history of cartography and has brought together a collection that spans the history of mapmaking. Critically, he has also embraced the technological revolutions that have changed the science and practice of cartography since the 1960s. David’s collection is part of the special collections library at Stanford University and can be accessed at the David Rumsey Map Collection. https:// www.davidrumsey.com/

I spoke with David about what got him started in map collecting, why he thinks historic maps are important and about the role technology plays in making all this analog geospatial information accessible. We also talked about his early years at Yale and his thoughts about the future of data visualization and its relation to cartography.

Hessler: You built one of the premier and most comprehensive private map collections in the modern era, spanning large chunks of geographic space and historical time. It is a project that took decades of effort and thought. What started you down this road?

Rumsey: I was drawn to maps from the earliest age I can remember. National Geographic maps decorated my walls growing up. My brain enjoys the way text flows on maps in all directions. The two-dimensional transformation of three-dimensional space excites my imagination. About 45 years ago, when I became old enough to appreciate history, I discovered that out-of- date maps revealed the past visually. After assembling a big pile of maps, I realized I had a problem: how to organize the trove and what did the maps mean as a group of things. The atlases I collected helped me here: they gave me a model of how maps can be sequenced and create meaning together.

So my collection was born. It grew rapidly as I created a network of pre-Internet dealer friends able to help build it. I was lucky that my first love were the 19th century maps that most dealers considered (in 1980) to be modern, not antiquarian. They happily off-loaded them to me at very reasonable prices. From there I expanded in both directions of time, to where my collection is now, running from about 1500 to the present. When you start collecting, you don’t know you are collecting. It is only later, when you are deep into it, that you realize you are building something that takes on a life of its own. Today I think of the collection as my poem, an integrated work that can be read by anyone, anywhere, in any direction because it is also an online digital database
Hessler: During your time at Yale in the 1960s you were one of the founding members of Pulsa—an extremely influential group of artists that combined sound, light and new technology to produce innovative immersive art. The group also sponsored some really original seminars on subjects that combined technology and creative practice that are still relevant today like, “Artificial Intelligence and the Environment”. Tell us a little about that experience and if the aesthetics of that kind of multidisciplinary work informs your thinking about maps.

Rumsey: Pulsa was an all-encompassing part of my life from 1966, when I co-founded it, to 1973, when we broke up. Pulsa comprised seven members from art and technology backgrounds. It grew well beyond its initial purpose of making art to explore a new way of living, communally, and embracing new utopian dreams. All this was during a time of war and civil strife. We saw in technology an opening to make art that celebrated human activities and potential instead of technology used to wage war and inflame violence. Pulsa created large light and sound public environments. The sculpture garden at New York MOMA, the Boston Public Garden, Yale Golf Course, Walker Art Museum, California Institute of the Arts, and Yale School of Art and Architecture were some of our venues.

Looking back at it today, I can see that it has affected my work with maps. Like maps, the Pulsa artworks were spatial in concept. The lessons I learned from engaging across disciplinary boundaries has made it easier for me to apply today’s technologies to historical maps. Maps themselves cross the boundaries of art and technology. The construction of my online database of 125,000 maps and related images has become an artwork itself— a collage of visual elements connected by pathways leading to unexpected places. Pulsa lives on in my work with maps in another crucial way. Our youthful idealism of open access to all art, with no barriers, informs my making the collection freely available via the Internet.
Hessler: This same period saw the birth of Geographic Information Science at places like Harvard’s Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis and through Roger Tomlinson’s pioneering work. Many of those involved in the development of GIS had art and architectural backgrounds and sought innovative ways of combining design and newly developed computation and visualization methods. The hybrid nature of publications like the Harvard Papers in Theoretical Geography read much like those of Pulsa. Did you know of the innovations taking place in geographic analysis and digital mapmaking at the time?

Rumsey: I can’t say that we were explicitly aware of those developments, but we were close to the work of Georgy Kepes at the MIT Center for Advanced Visual Studies during the same period. I think Kepes would have been in touch Tomlinson and others working in early GIS. We were drawn to Kepes because of his work on the role of art in the environment. We contributed an essay “The City as Artwork” to his edited volume Arts of the Environment. In our essay we posited the idea of the city as a group of complete systems of energy, movement, light, sound, and other layers that was close to early GIS concepts. Pulsa’s art was often about making those systems visible, much as GIS does today.
Hessler: You are well known in map circles for combining technology with historical cartography. Nowhere is this more evident than at the Rumsey Map Center at Stanford, an online presence for historical cartography that is used across many disciplines in the sciences and humanities. What role do you think historical cartography plays in the age of GIS?

Rumsey: Because GIS increasingly embraces time as part of its capabilities, historical cartography can play an important role in showing change in the environment and human activities over time. Old paper maps can be integrated with GIS easily and are an unparalleled primary source of data. And as we look ahead to the next 50 years, maps created digitally in GIS will themselves become historical and move into the canon. Libraries need to assemble and preserve these resources. We are doing this at the Rumsey Map Center and at Stanford Libraries generally though several initiatives, such as EarthWorks. Soon we will be releasing a new searching capability for 57,000 of my maps. It allows searching maps by toponyms and text on the maps. This pulls the data off the maps and stores it in GeoJSON files—100 million of them. It’s part of a larger effort at Stanford Libraries to generate and preserve humanities data. Historical cartography has for too long been seen by humanists and scientists as “ephemera,” second-rank source material at best. Using AI, we can pull that data off the maps and in so doing will open them up as primary sources of information found nowhere else.
Hessler: In recent years you have become interested in data visualization and its connection to cartography. This is something that has become very important today as GIS has expanded and the ability to analyze large amounts of data has become commonplace in areas like public policy and health. What interests you about data visualization and more broadly the history of thematic cartography?

Rumsey: I see diagrams of data visualization as maps even if they do not have explicitly spatial aspects. Like maps, they show relationships between expressions of data with juxtapositions that promote imagination. Thematic cartography interested me from the beginning of my collecting, starting with Heinrich Berghaus’ Physikalischer Atlas of 1844. I was amazed at how powerfully he combined diagrams and charts with maps and views. Data visualization today is increasingly the best and only way to comprehend huge statistical databases generated by our omnipresent sensors. Looking at how Charles Minard in 19th century France and countless others solved visualizing these flows is powerfully helpful to todays’ data designers. At the Rumsey Map Center, we are always showing Stanford data designers that visualizations have been done before. There is much they can learn from this inspired and often ingenious work. I think of my own map database as a large-scale data visualization that allows one to easily travel though the history of cartography over five centuries. From that perspective one can derive mental and physical models of mapping methods, techniques, artistry, and regional characteristics as they change over time.
Hessler: Over the decades you have obviously thought deeply about maps and their history. What philosophical ideas or thinkers from outside cartography proper inform your ideas about maps, design, and art in general?

Rumsey: I was fortunate to study photography with Walker Evans at Yale. He encouraged a very mappish view of the work in photography—shoot pictures straight on, record the place and time on the verso, avoid artiness at all costs. He helped me to see art in places and media that I would have missed. Buckminster Fuller, although he made maps too, was a very big influence in my thinking about design in general. I built three of his domes and in so doing learned about how parts connect and support, and not just physically. Marshall McLuhan on media influenced all of us in the 60’s. Maps are the message—I learned that from him.

The poet Phillip Levine wrote spatially—at least that is how I experience it—and I think my idea of my database as a poem comes from him in a roundabout way. His poem “What Work Is” remains an inspiration. The photographic and video collages of David Hockney influence my methods of working with map database thumb- nails and with my being drawn to large series maps such as the 674 sheet Karte des Deutschen Reiches 1893. I think the power of cartography is that it can draw from so many sources in our cultures, almost uniquely so as a medium.
Hessler: The practice of mapmaking has gone through a revolution in the last few decades with the ability to create maps using GIS and other digital and online tools becoming readily available. This fact has made map collecting a much more difficult task. Is it even possible to collect and preserve the many important and innovative purely digital maps being created today?

Rumsey: Yes, it is possible, and we must do it. One of my goals for the Rumsey Map Center in the next five years is to partner with Stanford Libraries to develop tools of emulation and preservation that can hold complex digital map objects in a way that ensures they can be experienced as originally intended. Not easy to do. But we must do it. The beauty and power of our purely digital maps requires it. Future generations of map readers and users would be astonished and disappointed if we don’t do it. What if these maps suffer the same fate as early films, only a fraction of which survive? Especially at this moment, an inflection point in the earth’s response to global climate change, ensuring future access to these maps is a crucial responsibility. In my own collecting I have been able to add Web Maps, but it has not been easy. It requires yearly updates to support them. But the good news is that digital maps by their nature are not rare, so acquisition is easy and resources that might have been used for rarities can be used for preservation.

John Hessler is an applied mathematician, computer scientist, and lecturer in the Odyssey Program at Johns Hopkins University. He is the founder and director of the biomap- lab, where they are developing new statistical and computational tools for mapping and visualizing the dynamics of far from equilibrium spatial processes, like the spread of pandemics. Their current computational research centers on retrospectively mapping the spatial phylodynamics and complex transmission pathways of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, and on studying the geographic distribution and genomic changes in the earliest cases of SARS-CoV-2. Photos courtesy of David Rumsey.

This article appeared in The Portolan - Journal of the Washington Map Society, Issue 117, 2023

Online Rumsey Downloadable Maps Reach 120,000

2023-02-05T17:27:54-08:00

The David Rumsey Map Collection online database has grown to over 120,000 maps and related images. Below are over 500 highlights of maps added between 2017 and 2023.

David and Abby Rumsey on Maps and Stanford

2022-10-20T11:21:27-07:00

California Map Society, 2022 Conference: David Rumsey Interview

2022-07-10T20:07:35-07:00

More Than Digital Copies: Maps That Interpret Maps

2022-01-20T16:32:44-08:00

When we digitize historical maps we create copies that can be shared and used by all. But we also create the potential to repurpose these copies to advance understanding of the original maps. To do this, we create composite maps, georeferenced maps, composite views, interactive globes, composite texts and other types of digital versions that expand map interpretation and enhance use. Below are some examples of these interpretive maps that we have created over the past 20 years. To date we have created 1,674 interpretive composite maps, views, and texts as well as over 56,000 georeferenced maps.
Click on any of the images below to view the interactive online version.

The 1914 Atlas of Egypt shows the entire Nile River in 165 sheets at a large scale of 1:50,000. We combined all 165 sheets, georeferenced them, and overlaid them on modern maps below to show changes.

The 165 separate sheets of the 1914 Atlas of Egypt

All 165 sheets of the Atlas of Egypt joined. The joined sheets give a complete view of the Nile and its huge delta.

Detail of the Atlas of Egypt sheets showing the original Nile river course underneath Lake Nasser.

Matthew Flinders' 16 charts published in 1814 were among the first to map the coast line of Australia.

Here the 16 Flinders Australia charts are joined and overlaid on the general chart to show how all the charts fit together.

Baron Haussmann published these 16 separate maps of Paris in 1868 to show his proposed new boulevards that would transform Paris into a modern metropolis.

This new map image joins all 16 separate sheets of Paris to show the entire city as one map. It gives a much better picture of Haussmann's changes than the separate maps do by themselves.

Architect and data visualizer Richard Saul Wurman in 1963 created with his students a book - The City, Form and Intent - with images that enable comparison of 50 cities in different parts of the world at the same scale, 1:14,400. This composite map below shows all 50 cities at the same scale in one image.

Below are the separate images of the 50 cities that are not able to show relative size because of the digital display system - digital images tend to all look the same size.

The United States Air Force and NASA produced 44 maps of the moon in the early 1960's that combined earth-based telescope observations with existing photographs, adding lunar features artistically drawn and airbrushed with India ink. All 44 maps in the series were joined using GIS to georeference them in their native projections, Lambert Conformal for the top and bottom 3 rows and Mercator for the 2 middle rows north and south of the equator. Then the joined images can be reprojected as below into a single orthographic projection.

The 44 United States Air Force and NASA separate maps of the moon are below.

An interactive three dimensional globe has been created from the 44 georeferenced moon map images.

Clarence King and his 40th Parallel Survey of 1876 made 5 maps showing a broad cross section of the American West, something not attempted before. Joining the 5 maps together digitally enables a much better understanding of the importance of the work. Below is the set of 5 geologically colored maps.

Below are the same 1876 King Survey maps showing only the topography.

5 separate sheets that when joined below create a 360 degree view of Santiago, Chile, in 1823.

Here the sheets are joined together which enables a complete comprehension of the artist's intent.

In 1698 Italian map and globe maker Vincenzo Coronelli created an unusual globe of the heavens that was meant to be seen from inside the globe, not from the outside as most celestial globes were made then. He made reverse or counterproof versions of his celestial globe gores for his 1 meter globe to accomplish this. The gores are shown below.

This is the north polar calotte globe gore that covered the top of the globe.

This is a typical globe gore

Here the 44 globe gores and the north and south polar calottes are joined together using a combination of georeferencing to join the 4 gore parts into single gores and photoshop to create the joining of all 12 complete gores and the calottes.

All gores and calottes are joined together using GIS to create a continuous image that can be projected onto the inside of a globe giving a geocentric view of the heavens. Click on the image to see the interactive interior globe.

This is the more typical version of the celestial globe as seen from the outside or God's eye view.

This is a Map of Yosemite Valley made in 1883 by the Wheeler Survey. It was the first accurate map of the valley made by trigonometric survey.

Here the map has been georeferenced in our online georeferencer tool and can be compared to the modern topographic map of the valley to see changes over time. Click on the map to see the live version with the transparency slider in the upper right.

The Georeferencer Compare page below shows a Swipe view of two maps of the Yosemite Map - the present day map and the 1883 map. Click on the image to go to the Compare page Swipe view in Georeferencer for this map:

The Georeferencer Compare page below shows a Grid view of four maps of the Yosemite Valley made at different times from the present back to 1868. Click on the image to go to the Compare page Grid view in Georeferencer for this map:

The Georeferencer Compare page below shows a 3D view of the Yosemite Map. Click on the image to go to the 3D view in Georeferencer for this map (requires sign in to a free account):

This is a text composite of all the text pages in the 1525 Strassburg edition of Ptolemy's Geographica. The 259 pages plus title page read left to right then down. The composite text image allows for smooth reading of the text, can be OCR enabled, and gives an overview of the entire corpus of text. Click on the image to read the text.

In 1775 Jean Baptise Michel Jaillot published his history of Paris - Recherches Critiques, Historiques et Topographiques Sur La Ville de Paris. The 7 volumes included 25 detailed maps of the city. In 1777 and 1778 Jaillot combined the 25 sheets to make one large map of Paris. This composite shows the rough positions of all 25 maps of Paris neighborhoods and illustrates the complexity of joining them all together to make one map. Jaillot added various infill map sections at the edges and the decorative border to make the full map.

This is the map that Jaillot made from all the 25 parts plus infill sections. In the history of Paris mapping, usually map makers would make the full map first and then create smaller parts from it for other purposes but Jaillot did it the other way round. If you look closely at this map below you will see the section lines where he joined the 25 separate maps.

Apparently demand for Jaillot's large map was not what he expected so he decided to create a 30 sheet Atlas of Paris volume in 1778 by cutting the large map into 30 book sized sections and adding a title page, index and binding. So he had come full circle from his original 25 separate maps of Paris for his history.

This large map of France made from 182 sheets of the 1750-1818 Cassini survey gives a view of the country at multiples scales that are not possible with the individual maps unless one tried to join them physically which would result in a map 40 feet square. This composite map is a dramatic example of the interpretation made possible through the use of derivative maps like this. Georeferencing this map, which we have done, also allows further mining of the map data to show changes over time.

Our largest composite map is this 674 sheet assemblage of the Karte des Deutschen Reiches - the 1893 survey of Germany at a scale of 1:100,000. Like the Cassini France composite, we also georeferenced this map, in fact the map was built in GIS layers as it proved too large for photoshop to create.

A more modest composite map but equally interesting is this 6 sheet manuscript map made by the First Operating Division of the Western Division, Atlantic & Pacific R.R. (Railroad) in 1882. The survey runs from Albuquerque, New Mexico to Mojave, California.

The composite map below vividly shows the unusual orientation of the sheets as they proceed east to west.

Urbano Monte of Milan, Italy, made his hand drawn map of the world from 66 sheets that when joined created a world map 10 feet in diameter. Monte never was able to assemble his map but we have been able to do so using digital scans of the sheets below.

Monte's dream is realized in this digital composite map of all his sheets. Monte intended his assembled map to be hung on a wall with a peg in the center allowing it to be rotated around so that all parts of the map could be viewed up close. We accomplish this digitally.

We georeferenced Urbano Monte's flat map and reprojected it as a globe.

From these examples, it can be seen that repurposing, georeferencing, compositing, and other manipulations allowed by the digital nature of our facsimiles can give us much greater understanding of the original map makers intentions and goals. In addition to the uses shown above, we can use the digital map images as sources of text information. In the coming years we expect to add search capability for any text on our maps by reading and indexing all the words on the maps using powerful software programs. This will greatly expand the searchability of our maps and allow pathways into their content and provide new interpretations in yet other ways from those shown above..

San Francisco Chronicle Article on New Directions for the David Rumsey Map Center

2021-12-26T15:47:00-08:00

"At Stanford’s David Rumsey Map Center, the past, present and future converge"

Andres Picon, San Francisco Chronicle
Dec. 24, 2021

Map collector and authority David Rumsey with wallpaper made from one of his most treasured maps.
Photos by Jessica Christian / The Chronicle

Deep inside Stanford University's Green Library, David Rumsey makes his way up a winding staircase, stopping at every turn to admire the various historical map wallpapers that stretch from floor to ceiling. With infectious excitement, he takes in the Paraná River in South America, Hell's Kitchen in Manhattan, Mount Kailash in Tibet and even the constellations, depicted colorfully in a massive celestial chart.

At the top of the stairs, Rumsey, a San Francisco resident and one of the country's leading map collectors, reaches the David Rumsey Map Center, where he again stops to admire a historical map — this time a 1602 goat-hide map of Europe splayed out on a table. He traces the worn, blackened edges with his fingertip.

"It's banged up, but it's beautiful," he said. "It tells a story."

Rumsey examines the collection’s oldest map, the Multi-Sheet Urbano Monte World Map, 1587, at the map center that bears his name.
Jessica Christian / The Chronicle

The map center, home to an estimated 250,000 physical maps and more than 200,000 digital maps from 1500 to the present — most of them donated by Rumsey — is a cross between a library and a laboratory, replete with leatherbound atlases, spinning globes, enormous high-definition touchscreens and several virtual reality stations.

"I call this ‘map heaven,'" said G. Salim Mohammed, the center's head and curator. "This is a place where maps come alive." It's a cozy space where the past, present and future converge to accomplish what Rumsey has been working toward for more than two decades: making historical maps, and the information they hold, accessible to the public, not just experts and collectors.

Map collector David Rumsey stands at the base of a wall decorated with a Celestial Atlas Plate 2: Cetus, Aquarius, Andromeda, 1693 by Ignace-Gaston Pardies at the David Rumsey Map Center inside the Cecil H. Green Library at Stanford University . Rumsey has donated much of his historical map collection to the Center.
Jessica Christian/The Chronicle

"You can have hundreds of thousands of maps, but if you can't discover them, they don't exist," Mohammed said. "That is where this library comes in."

The idea is for the center to serve as an arena for experimentation and education where individuals, regardless of their scholarship on maps, can explore the primary documents and their scanned, digital counterparts in order to perhaps learn a little bit about where we've come from and where we are today.

At the heart of that endeavor is the digitization of Rumsey's vast physical collection, a project he began in the late 1990s when he launched davidrumsey.com, a constantly growing aggregation of about 112,000 digitized historical maps from his personal inventory. Rumsey, 77, is in the process of donating his entire map collection — more than 200,000 physical maps plus the digital ones — to Stanford so that they can be cataloged for the enjoyment of generations to come.

"It's not only a database; it allows people to get lost inside it, no pun intended," he said. "If you make it really usable and accessible the way ours is, it just becomes something different."

Map collector David Rumsey stands among glass cases of priceless globes he donated to the David Rumsey Map Center inside the Cecil H. Green Library at Stanford University in Stanford, Calif. Monday, Dec. 6, 2021. Rumsey has donated much of his 150,000 historical map collection to the Center.
Jessica Christian / The Chronicle

The map center, which opened in 2016, has been called the "gold standard" of map libraries and is at the forefront of some of the most advanced mapexploration technology. Visitors are able to experiment with georeferencing, 2-D and 3-D map overlays, and virtual and augmented reality equipment — much of that made possible in part by Stanford's high-resolution scanners that produce stunning digital maps with up to 800 pixels per inch.

Georeferencing allows a user to digitally place a historical map on top of a modern map. The user can change the transparency of the old map to see the modern map underneath, revealing changes over time and combining unique aspects of each map.

Rumsey recently demonstrated the tool with an 1857 map of San Francisco over the modern Google Maps version. He dialed up the old map's transparency to show how certain parts of the city today, such as Rincon Hill and Mission Bay, were once part of San Francisco Bay.

The center's staff have also turned historical and modern maps into 3D landscapes accessible through virtual reality. The street layout of Paris in the 18th century could suddenly be explored using a map from that time and an Oculus Rift headset.

Map collector David Rumsey stands against a touch screen catalog of the full collection at the David Rumsey Map Center at Stanford University.
Jessica Christian/The Chronicle

A Stanford professor once took her class to the map center for a lesson on empathy in which students were able to "visit" a Syrian refugee camp using the same technology.

"There wasn't a dry eye that day," Mohammed said. "It's about putting the students in that space."

Those kinds of experiments are at the crux of the map center's mission. Maps are representations of our past and present, each made unique by the motives and experiences of their creators, Rumsey and Mohammed said. By expanding opportunities for immersion in and exploration of those representations, visitors can gain insight into history as well as valuable context for the present.

Atlases donated by map collector David Rumsey sit behind locked shelves at the David Rumsey Map Center at Stanford University.
Jessica Christian/The Chronicle

"The beauty of the old maps is the way they were drawn, the artistry involved," Rumsey said. "But from an informational perspective, they're history. Everything happens somewhere, so they are ways of seeing history."

Throughout the next few years, the center will continue to advance the technology it makes available to visitors, Rumsey and Mohammed said. They hope to incorporate artificial intelligence to make it possible to search for words on digitized maps regardless of their orientation or position, as well as a framework for systematically searching digital map files across platforms and databases. They're also looking to put greater emphasis on data visualization and to expand into the metaverse, which could "pull users into the map world," Rumsey said.

"It's way more than just the individual maps; it's about the use of the maps," Rumsey said. "We try to push the boundaries."

The map center also hosts events, lectures and exhibitions, such as one currently on display about indigenous mapping. The center is open only to Stanford students and employees due to COVID-19 restrictions, but the staff hopes to be able to reopen it to the public by next summer.

Andy Picon is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer.
Email: andy.picon@hearst.com Twitter: @andpicon

Online Rumsey Maps Reach 105,000. Part Two - 2017 Additions

2021-02-14T11:20:21-08:00

This is Part Two of the blog post documenting the 46,000 new maps and images that have been added online since 2015. The total online collection is now over 105,000. This post covers 50 highlights of additions made in 2017. Later posts will cover the additions made in 2018, 2019, and 2020. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below.

	China : Chung Hue Min Kuo = central flowery republican country. (Seen from the direction of Guam). Richard Edes Harrison. (inset) Migration of Chinese Universities. 1941. Harrison, Richard Edes, New York Color map. Title in Chinese and English. Published as supplement to Fortune Magazine, April 1941. Richard Edes Harrison designed the maps to be both visually appealing and politically charged, reflecting the urgency of the war. Map shows boundaries, major cities, ports, Chinese supply ports, overland supply routes and Japanese occupied territory. Includes notes and table of distances. Relief shown pictorially and by shadings. View Map
	Theatre geographique du royaume de France. Contenant les cartes & descriptions particulieres des provinces d'iceluy. Oeuvre nouvellement mis en lumiere : avec une table, où sont les noms de toutes les cartes de chacune desdites provinces. Les descriptions par escrit ont esté recueillies & dressées par Gabriel Michel de La Roche-Maillet angevin, ancien advocat au Parlement & au conseil privé de Sa Majesté. Le tout dedié au Roy. A Paris, chez la veufve Jean Le Clerc, ruë Sainct Jean de Latran, à la Sallemandre royalle. M. DC. XXXII. Avec privilege du Roy. 1632. Michel de La Rochemaillet, Gabriel, 1561-1642; Le Clerc, Jean, (1560-1621) Paris In 1594 Maurice Bouguereau issued the first national atlas of France with regional maps. Jean Le Clerc acquired the plates and re issued the maps with editions published by him and later his widow in 1621, 1626, and 1632 (this copy). Additional maps were added with each edition. Considered the first atlas of France to contain detailed maps of all the provinces. Sheets in French and/or Latin. Relief shown in sketches. View Atlas
	Jerusalem. F. T. Treitel. Printed and published by: The Commercial Press. Jerusalem. Copyright 1942. Prop. Tewfic Habesch. Lay-out by Heller & Treitel ... Zincography by: Pikowsky. (Cover title) Jerusalem upon your palm : The new pictorial map and information guide, with compliments of the Arab Tourist Agency Ltd. Jerusalem, Jordan. Published by the Commercial Press Jerusalem. (on back cover) Map of Palestine. Copyright by Bauer, 1937. Treitel, F.T.; Arab Tourist Agency, Ltd., Jerusalem Pictorial map, 43x66, folded into pictorial cover 23x12.5. Shows roads, tracks, paths, old city, new quarter, garden, parks, public buildings, historic sites, places of interest, etc. Includes Index, abbreviations, and list of public and historic place names. On back cover: Uncolored map of Palestine. Shows boundaries, railways, roads, and airport. View Map
	Carte Historique De La France Et De L'Angleterre Depuis La Naissance De Jesus-Christ Jusqu'a L'An Milseptcent, qui contient en abrege les evenements principaux de ces royaumes pendant l'empire romain. ... Avec un triple moyen d'Appendre les histoires, scavoir de succes, de siecle, en siecle, et de signeurie en seigneurie par Jer. Andre Martigonoi. 1721. Martignoni, Jerome Andre, Turin Time line map, a chronological tree of French and English historical events since the birth of Christ until 1700. Prepared and published by the Italian scholar and poet Jerome Andre Martignoni. Includes in the upper left corner inset map of "modern" England, in the right upper corner "modern" France, and in lower panel coats of arms. The Channel and the Mediterranean are filled with ships and a scale. In the lower part the map continues with parts of North Africa, filled with dromedaries, elephants, etc. The title of his work translates as " Explanation of the historical map of France and Britain since the birth of Jesus Christ until the year 1700, which contains abbreviated key events of these kingdoms during the Roman Empire. Martignoni intended this work as a new means of teaching European History in an easy, comprehensible, and all-encompassing manner by means of historical maps composed in a special methodical way. View Map
	NavWarMap No. 1. The Mediterranean. NavWarMap No. 2. The South China Sea Area. NavWarMap No.3. World War 2 in the North Sea area. NavWarMap No.4. The North Pacific area. NavWarMap No.5. The South Pacific. (on verso) NavWarMap No.6. We fight a Global War. Distributed by the Educational Services Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Dept., Washington D.C. 1944. Educational Services Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department, Washington A series of 6 maps using bold graphics to show the status of the various war fronts during World War II. Full color. Relief shown by shaded relief. Also distributed by the Army Orientation Course. View Maps
	Atlas. Tot Amsterdam By Frederick de Wit in de Calverstraet bij den Dam inde Witte Paskaert. 1682. Wit, Frederick de, Amsterdam This atlas marks the appearance of a less expensive atlas in the Dutch atlas market. Without text and in small folio size, it begins a move away from the expensive and elaborate atlases of Blaeu and Visscher, towards the more concise atlases that appear in the 18th century. Date estimated. Relief shown in sketches. Outline color. Hand annotations in the margins of some maps. Image No. 12220059.jp2 is a map likely prepared specially for the atlas owner for whom this was a special locale; this would account for the extensive use of gold on the sheet.. View Atlas
	Geographie Mathematique, Physique et Politique de Toutes les Parties du Monde, Publiee par Edme Mentille, de l'Institute national, Malte Brun, Geographe Danois. Atlas. Compose de 45 Cartes, gravees par J.-B.-P. Tardieu aine, sur les dessins de J.-B. Poirson, ingenieur-geographe, revues et corrigees d'apres les meilliurs autorite, par Edme Mentelle ... Paris, Chez Henry Tardieum Imprimeur-Libraire ... (Chez) Laporte. An XIII. 1804. Mentelle, Edme, 1730-1815; Malte-Brun, Conrad, 1775-1826; Poirson, J.B., Paris An atlas of 45 maps with numerous unusual additional maps from various sources and dates bound in (see two to the left). Additional maps have pages numbers labeled "... bis ...". Most have outline color. 1804 assigned to any undated sheet. Relief shown by sketches. View Atlas
	America: Being The Latest, And Most accurate Description Of The New World; Containing The Original of the Inhabitants, and the Remarkable Voyages thither. The Conquest of the Vast Empires of Mexico and Peru, And Other Large Provinces and Territories ... Collected from the most Authentick Authors, Augmented with later Observations, and Adorn'd with Maps and Sculptures, by John Ogilby, esq; His Majesty's Cosmographer, Geographick Printer, and Master of the Revels in the Kingdom of Ireland. London, Printed by the Author, and are to be had at his House in White Fryers, M.DC.LXXI. 1671. Ogilby, John, 1600-1676; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683, London First edition, second issue, with the important Lord Proprietors map of Carolina by Moxon replacing the Arx Carolina plate and the Virginia pars Australis map of the first issue, with the addition of a map of Barbados, and with the plate list as in the first issue still listing Arx Carolina and Virginia pars Australis but not listing the Lords Proprietors Carolina or Barbados. This copy includes both the Arx Carolina plate and the Virginia pars Australis map, tipped in later. The work is an English translation of Arnold Montanus “De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld,” but with a number of additions concerning New England, New France, Maryland and Virginia. Many new maps and views were added. The Moxon map of Carolina is the first large format map of the newly established colony of Carolina. “America” was Ogilby’s finest foreign work; over 150 authors are credited although Montanus is lacking. “When it came to North America, particularly, he abandoned Montanus entirely for his own closer sources. His work used superior type and larger and finer paper than Montanus. Clearly some form of at least tacit agreement existed between Montanus and Ogilby as he acquired the same plates to illustrate his work. This is itself unusual as Ogilby was renowned for providing his own ‘sculptures’. The reasons may lie in the fact that the project clearly was already an expensive one, and that the work had been promised for some time and further delay was undesirable. The first map in the book, of the whole of America, was one of five plates provided by Ogilby himself. We may speculate that this was because Montanus did not actually own the Schagen plate, or that Ogilby wished to insert more English nomenclature” (Burden). Regarding Ogilby himself, he had a series of remarkably successful careers as a dancer, dance master, theatre manager/director, and translator of classics, and finally as author and publisher of travel and geography books. View Atlas
	Mappemonde dress es en 1450, par Fra Mauro cosmographe Venetien. Par order d'Alphonse V. Roide Portugal. Publiee pour la premiere fois de la grandeur de l'original avec toutes les Legendes par Le Vicomte de Santarem, 1854. J. J. Feuquieres, lith. Schwaerzle Sculp. Pl. I-VI. 1854. Mauro, Fra; Santarem, Manuel Francisco de. Large circular planisphere on 6 sheets, 85x107 or smaller. Title from sheet 5. Reproduced and printed for the first time at the size of the original with all the legends and notations by Viscount of Santarém in 1854. The original 1450 map was fully described and reproduced in manuscript for the first time by William Frazer in 1804, Manuscript on vellum, BL Add. MS 1126. This was deposited at the British Museum in 1807 by William Vincent, dean of Westminster. Vincent wrote a short account of this process in 1807 in his "The Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients in the Indian Ocean," 2 vols. London: Cadell and Davies, 1807, in an appendix = 2:661–79. Matthew Edney states "Santarém took his facsimile from a tracing of Frazer’s manuscript at the BM, as indicated by the placement of Eden in the lower-right corner, rather than in the lower-left where it actually sits: see: Cattaneo, Angelo. “L’Atlas del visconte de Santarém: Una storia culturale europa tra erudizione orientalismo e colonialismo,” in “A história da cartografia na obra do 2.º visconde de Santarém. Exposição cartobibliográfica, 24 de Novembro de 2006 a 10 de Fevereiro de 2007”, edited by João Carlos García, and Maria Joaquina Feijoo, 17–49. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional, 2006." Fra Mauro's map was also reproduced by Placido Zurla in II Mappamondo di Fra Mauro Camaldolese, 1818 in Venice ( see our copy), and later again by Santarem in his facsimile Atlas of 1849, "Atlas de Vicomte de Santarem," see lower left sheet 5. Unusual for medieval European maps, it is oriented with South at the top (Indian Ocean, top left; Mediterranean, right center) and so meticulously drawn and full of detail and legends that it has been described as a “medieval cosmography of no small extent, a conspectus of 15th century geographical knowledge cast in medieval form.” The coasts are drawn in a style recalling that of nautical charts. Includes 4 insets at each corner, numerous note boxes on the map and explanatory text at the margins. Shows place names, rivers, mountains, lakes, etc. Landmarks shown pictorially. Text and place names in Italian, publication information in French. Relief shown pictorially. View Map
	Imperia sive Monarchiae totius Mundi praecipuae - Die voornaemste rycken ofte Monarchien der gantscher werelt. Baptista a Doetechum; Franciscus Hoeus ex. 1606. Doetechum, Baptist van, Amsterdam Copper engraving broadside time chart, showing a diagram with the years of reign of the most important monarchs in world history, with letters and numbers to identify them, from the Assyrian rulers to the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II of Habsburg (1552 - 1612), with text in Latin and Dutch language. Engraved by Baptist van Doetechum and printed by Franciscus van den Hoeye. This time table was issued in Amsterdam circa.1600-1606 and is derived from the one that appeared in Michael Eytzinger's book "Pentaplus regnorum inundi." The circular table is surrounded by notes and mannerist strapwork that enclose vignettes depicting mementos of time, such as hour glasses. The dating as 1600-1606 is due to the fact that Baptist van Doetecum lived in Amsterdam only during these years. It's thought that during that time he arranged for the Printer Frans van den Hoeye to print his time chart. View Map
	Rodoslovnoye Derevo Sovremennogo Sotsializma. pnt. I. Levenshteina. Knigoizdatelstvo "Utro" S. Peterburg. Ulitsa Zhukovskago, 38. (Cover title) Poiasneniia k Rodoslovnomu Derevu Sovremennago Sotsializma.. 1906. Lowenstein, I.; Knigoizdatelstvo "Utro," Saint Petersburg Uncolored pictorial map of the family tree of modern socialism, dated from 1889-1904. Folded into 21.5x12. With attached 15 page of explanation, notes and text on page 16. View Map
	United States of America. Covarrubias. (Copyright) A.A.A. 1942. Covarrubias, Miguel (1904 - 1957), New York Bird's-eye view pictorial map of the United States with parts of Canada and Mexico. On verso: descriptive text: Miguel Covarrubias. Date estimated. Decorative cartouche features an American eagle shield surmounted by a ribbon banner with the title of the map. Shows natural features, mountain ranges, trees, agricultural products, industry, plane, ships and boats, fishes in the oceans, flowers and domestic animals of various regions such as a crab in Maryland, a flamingo in Florida, and cacti in the desert Southwest. Skyscrapers of the big cities and landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty are shown. A Canadian Mounty, Native Americans and cowboys are depicted in the regions they are associated with. Compass rose on lower left. Relief shown pictorially. View Map
	Atlas Geographique contenant la Mappemonde et les quatre parties, avec les differents Etats, avec apprpbation & privilage du Roy MDCC.LXIII. A Paris, Chez Lattre Graveur, ordinaire de Mgr. le Dauphin, de Mgr. le Duc d'Orleans et de la Ville, rue St. Jacques, vis-a-vis celle de la Parcheminerie, a la Ville de Bordeaux. 1763. Lattre, Jean, 1743 -1793; Bonne, Rigobert, 1727-1794, 1727-1794; Janvier; Rizzi-Zannoni, Giovanni Antonio, Paris Atlas containing 51 maps; 49 folded leaves with 2 two preliminary maps inserted from other copies, 6 maps inserted at the end, table of contents and text. This is the folio version of Lattre's smaller atlas, see our 2612.000. Maps are hand-color in outline, many with additional original hand-color in part, with title cartouche, dated between 1759-1784, one map date 1816 later added to the atlas. Maps are made by De l'Isle, Buache, Janvier, Rizzi Zannoni, St. Angelo, Bonne, Jaillot, Robert de Vaugondy, and Lattre. Showing political and administrative boundaries, rivers, place names, canals, fortifications, forests, lakes, etc. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures. Bound in brown marbled half leather covers with title "Atlas Geogra" in gilt on spine. Lattre's dedication of the map to Benjamin Franklin, who as American ambassador to France, represented the United States at the peace negotiations. View Atlas
	Atlas selectus von allen Konigreichen und Landern der Welt : zum bequemen Gebrauch in Schulen, auf Reisen und bey dem Lesen der Zeitungen. Verfertiget und in Kupffer gestochen von Johann George Schreibern in Leipzig. 1790. Schreiber, Johann George, 1676-1750, Leipzig Atlas of kingdoms and countries around the world, for convenient use in schools, on trips and the reader of newspapers, prepared and engraved by Johann Georg Schreiber,1676-1750 - first cartographer in Saxony, was born 1676 and lived in Leipzig. His only work was the "Atlas Selectus" published first 1741 and reissued many times up to the end of the 18th century. Each subsequesnt edition increased the number of maps. This copy with date estimated at 1790 based on the number of maps. He died in 1745. Atlas published in 2 volumes, 149 pages, vol. 1: pages 1-76, vol 2: pages 77-149, including hand colored engraved pictorial title page, distance table with map of Germany, 2 pages of index and 148 hand colored copper engraved maps including a double hemisphere world, the continents, 26 maps of European countries, regional maps of Germany, the Russian Empire, the Black Sea and the Holy Land. The map of the Americas features the island of California. The maps on sheets 21x29, include a text panel describing the region, showing political and administrative divisions, cities, towns and villages, rivers, lakes, forests, churches, landmarks, roads, distances and canals. Include decorative cartouche and compass rose. Relief shown pictorially. Bound in brown leather cover with "Schreibers Atlas" on spine in gilt. View Atlas
	Air Communications. Air Age Chart No. 5. (View) (Poster of instrument landing with vignettes of navigational aids.) 1944. Aviation Research Associates Poster of instrument landing with vignettes of navigational aids. Prepared in collaboration with its Pilots and Air Transport Engineers by Aviation Research Associates. View Map
	Gold Medal Flour. Washburn Crosby Flour. 1929. Anonymous With unusual flour design. Color. Includes time zone clocks. View Map
	World Map of the Major Tropical Diseases. 1944. Artzybasheff, New York From Life Magazine, May 1, 1944. View Map
	Unique Media Maps. Unique Collection. 2000. Unique Media Inc. Don Mills (Ontario, Canada) Part of a series of 16 colorful, printed, watercolor, artistic, bird's eye maps of areas and cities of the United States and Canada. View Maps
	San Francisco Archipelago, showing the 200 foot sea level rise. Map by Brian Sloat and Burrito Justice (copyright) 2012. Sloat, Brian; Burrito Justice, San Francisco High resolution topographic map of the San Francisco Archipelago, released by Northern California Coast Survey, showing the 200 foot sea level rise compared to the 2012 sea level datum, and shows what the city would like after a catastrophic disintegration of the Antarctic ice cap that caused sea levels to rise 200 feet, transforming San Francisco from a peninsula into an archipelago. Depth shown by isolines and gradient tints. View Map
	12 Pictorial Maps of U.S. Cities, 1973 - 1983. Archar, Inc. Scarborough, Ont., Canada Pictorial maps, filled with noted illustrations of buildings and landmarks, bridges, scenic highlights and attractions. Includes modes of transportation such as cars, airplanes, ships and boats. Shows small figures of people engaged in activities. View Maps
	Geographical Fun: Being Humourous Outlines of Various Countries. With an Introduction and Descriptive Lines. By "Adelph." London: Hodder and Stoughton, 37, Paternoster Row. 1868. Lancaster (Tennant), Lilian, 1852-1939; Harvey, William (pseudonym "Aleph") 1796-1873, London The plates in this volume are based on pictures drawn by Lilian Lancaster in her fifteenth year to amuse and entertain her sick brother. Lilian had a very successful stage career but eventually returned to illustration under her married name, L. Tennant. She illustrated the 1912 volume "Stories of Old" by E.L. Hoskyn, see Pub List No. 12068.000. View Atlas
	18 Pictorial Maps by Jo Mora, 1928-2013. Mora, Jo, Various Places 18 pictorial maps by Jo Mora, including 6 manuscript maps showing his original drawings for the printed maps. View Maps
	Mercurio Geografico overo Guida Geografica in tutte le parti del Mondo, conforme le tavole geografiche del Sansone, Baudrand e Cantelli. Data in luce con direttione, e cura di Gio. Giacomo de Rossi nella sua stamperia in Roma alla Pace, all'insegna di Parigi con Priu: del S. Pont. Tomo Primo. (Half title) La guida del Mercurio geografico per tutte le parte del mondo. 1692. Rossi, Giovanni Giacomo de, 1627-1691; Rossi, Domenico de, 1647-1729; Baudrand, Michel-Antoine, 1633-1700; Cantelli, Giacomo, 1643-1695; Barbey, Antonio-fl. 1684-1714, Rome A fine example of De Rossi's atlas, in 2 volumes, similar to Coronelli's atlas of the same period, with engraved decorative title page. Includes 150 engraved outline hand colored maps with decorative title cartouche, on 181 sheets. Some maps having 2-4 page numbers. Index includes plates 1-95 of the first volume, and plates 96-181 in the second volume. Maps dated between 1669 and 1715, issued by Giov. Giac. de Rossi and Domenico de Rossi, they are mainly derived from Cantelli da Vignola's maps, an important seventeenth-century cartographer who pioneered the Italian style of fine bold engraving that would eventually be embraced and expanded upon by Vincenzo Coronelli, and Nicolas Sanson (20 December 1600 – 7 July 1667) a French cartographer, termed by some the creator of French geography. Maps engraved by Baudrand, Franciscus Donia, G.B. Falda, Jean Lhuilier, Vin Mariotti, Gasparo Pietro Santa, Salomon Rogiers, & Giorgio Widman, Lubin, Titi, Ameti, Magini and Mattei. Bound in blue half leather binding. Giovanni Giacomo De Rossi (1627 - 1691) was an Italian printer and publisher active in 17th century Rome. Giovanni inherited the important Rome based printing business originally founded by his father, Giuseppe de Rossi (1570-1639). By the mid-17th century the Rossi firm was considered the most active and important press in Rome.. View Atlas
	Carte Tectonique Internationale de L'Europe. Carte preparee pour la publication par la Commission des cartes tectoniques internationales de la Section des sciences geologiques et geographiques de l'Academie des sciences de L'URSS. Congres Geologique International, Commission de la Carte Geologique de Monde, Sous-Commission de la Carte Tectonique du Monde. 1:2,500,000. 1962. Congres Geologique International, Commission de la Carte Geologique de Monde, Sous-Commission de la Carte Tectonique du Monde, Moscow Commission for the Geological Map of the World. Subcommission for the Tectonic Map of the World. 16 sheets which join together to form one map. Color. Lambert conic conformal projection. View Map
	Memoires du Marechal Suchet, duc d'Albufera, sur ses Campagnes en Espagne, depuis 1808 jusqu'en 1814. Ecrits par lui-meme. Atlas. Paris. Adolphe Bossange, Rue Cassette, No 22; Bossange Pere, Rue de Richelieu, No 60; Firmin Didot, Rue Jacob, No 24. Decembre 1828. Suchet, Marechal, Paris French Marshall Louis-Gabriel Suchet was widely considered the most successful Napoleonic general at having pacified and held areas of Spain 1808-1814. His army consisted of about 55,000 regular and reserve troop. Relief in hachures. Black and white. The combination of maps with profile views creates a very clear understanding of the battle terrain that is exceptional for battle maps of this type. View Atlas
	Atlas general de la ville, des faubourgs et des monuments de Paris. Leve dessine et rapporte par Th. Jacoubet . Grave par D. Bonnet. Ecrit par Hacq. 1836. Jacoubet, Theodore; Bonnet, V.; Hacq, J. M., Paris The Jacoubet atlas of the city, the suburbs and monuments of Paris was made by the architect Theodore Jacoubet. The writing and engraving were done by J. M. Hacq and D. Bonnet. Jacoubet is the last architect to have been responsible for the establishment of a map of Paris. The maps are significant because all streets and buildings are drawn to scale thereby making the maps extremely accurate for the time. The atlas is a very large map of Paris in 54 sheets, mounted on linen, on sheets 71x157 or smaller, folded to 71x51, published between 1827 and 1836, delivered in 9 parts. Maps are heavily annotated to show the evolution of the city planing, expansion of the roads and changes in the buildings. Many sheets have annotations showing proposed new streets, widening of streets, and new public spaces. It is possible that this set was used in the early planning of the Haussmann designs for new wide boulevards that were constructed in the period 1853 to 1870. The new Opera house is shown in manuscript plan. Streets and roads, canals, public buildings and monuments are represented, some roads and monuments are anticipated by the architects: churches, opera house, the City Hall, for example, is shown as it will be completed in 1848. Library lacks sheets 1 and 2 that are title sheet (image online is from Princeton University copy); 3-54 are maps, Sheets 8-9 "Plan d'Assemblage" on 2 sheets folded, including delivery table and six small plans of Paris evolution over time and a plan of major operations that were used in the triangulation of Paris. Sheets 46-48 and 52 are index sheets "Nomenclature". Sheets 53 and 54, is the smaller Plan of Paris, "Plan reduit du plan general" reduced to scale 1:10,000, with text and index, with administrative boundaries in color, street, parks, museums, major buildings and landmarks are named. This copy is with the bookplate of Paris historian and collector Paul Lacombe (1848-1921) who was librarian at the National Library, a noted bibliographer, member of the Society of Friends of the books and of the Society of French bibliophiles. View Map
	Atlas geographicus omnes orbis terrarum regiones in XLI tabulis exhibens : jussu Academiae regiae scient. et eleg. litt. Boruss. ad emendatiora, quae adhuc prodiere exempla descriptus atque ad usum potissimum scholarum et institutionem juventutis editus = Atlas geographique representant en XLI cartes toutes les regions de la terre : gravé par ordre de l'Académie royale des sciences et belles lettres de Prusse d'apres les meilleurs exemplaires qui ayent paru jusqu'icy a l'usage principalement des ecoles. Berolini : Ex officina Michaelis MDCCLIII (1753). Euler, Leonhard; Sauerbrey, Nicolaus Friedrich; Rhode, Johann Christoph, Berlin First edition of the Atlas by the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler. The Atlas was published on behalf of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin by Leonhard Euler, designed specifically for the use in schools. The maps were largely based on works of Johann Christoph Rhode and were mostly engraved by Nicolaus Friedrich Sauerbrey. This edition includes a title page, a 10-page preface by Leonhard Euler in Latin and French, 41 double-page engraved maps, plus 4 additional maps. Highlights are 4 maps of the world (one in two sheets) and the 4-sheet map of America. Each map is outline hand colored and has a stamp of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, most maps include decorative title cartouche, showing political and administrative divisions, cities, villages, place names, rivers, canals and mountains. Relief shown pictorially. Bound in brown leather covers with "Atlas geographicus Berolinensis" in gilt on the spine. View Atlas
	Atlas of the Chinese Empire : containing separate maps of the eighteen provinces of China proper on the scale of 1:3,000,000 and of the four great dependencies on the scale of 1:7,500,000, together with an index to all the names on the maps and a list of all Protestant mission stations, &c. Specially prepared by Mr. Edward Stanford for the China Inland Mission. The China Inand Mission, London, Philadelphia, Toronto, Melbourne, Shanghai. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., 12 Paternoster Building, London, E.C. 1908. Stanford, Edward, London 22 color maps, eighteen maps of provinces, a circuit being followed from Kwantung in the South-East to its westerly neighbor Kwangsi. Four additional maps of Sinkiang, Manchuria, Tibet, and Mongolia. 6 are double page, 1 double page map with extending flap, index map and 16 pages of Index. Bound in red cloth, with gilt lettering to spine and cover in English and Chinese. View Atlas
	Maps of Various European Cities with Embossed Paper Showing Buildings and Other Features in 3D. 1841 - 1849. Bauerkeller, Georg, fl. 1830-1870, Paris Bauerkeller embossed his city maps and views to give a 3D effect for the buildings and some elevated features (city walls, etc.). This feature seems to be unique to Bauerkeller's maps, although he was copied in one map in our collection, the map of Cassel by Caesar (see our 12215.000). Bauerkeller also used very bright (and to our eyes very modern) printed colors to show the different districts and areas. View Maps
	Monialium Ebstorfensium mappa mundi : quae exeunte saeculo XIII. videtur picta, Hannoverae nunc adservatur, edidit Conradus Miller. Jos. Roth'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart. Chromolith Kunstandstalt v. Eckstein & Stahle, Stuttgart. Editio altera 1898. Miller, Konrad; Gervase of Ebstorf Circular pictorial map of the world, 101 diameter, on sheet 118x106, dissected into 20 sections 29x21, mounted on linen. The map, printed in Stuttgart, is a reproduction of the famous Ebstorf map which was destroyed in 1943. This large, circular "mappa mundi," by Gervase of Ebstorf is one of the most famous 13th Century historic maps of the world. With common medieval manuscript symbols and the medieval forms of place names, it reflects the contemporary religious ideas of the medieval map maker and represents cosmography and not cartography, which teaches the constitution of the whole order of nature, or the figure, disposition, and relation of all its parts. It visually portrays the Greek concept of the earth as flat, circular, popularized by the addition of Christian dogma. The original map, discovered in the Benedictine convent of Ebstorf, Germany, in 1830, dates from around the thirteenth century. Various dates have been given by authorities ranging from 1270 to 1350. Map showing the world is centered on Jerusalem, depicted with gold, eight-sided medieval wall, and the Tower of Babel, Bethlehem, Sodom and Gomorrah, and Mt. Sinai. Christ’s head represented in the East, at the top of the map, the direction of Paradise. His hands mark the northern and southern limits of the known world, and his feet are at Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic. Europe is in the bottom left, Africa in the bottom right, and Asia at the upper half. In the East, near Christ’s head is located the Garden of Eden surrounded by mountains, the two figures bent to gather silk. Alexander the Great is consulting the Oracle of the Sun and the Moon. The map surrounded by water, depicts significant landmarks highlighted by gold, towns are shown by towers, wildlife, rivers, mountains shown pictorially and points of interest for the curious pilgrim. Also shown are the symbols for the four great rivers, the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, and Ganges. View Map
	Der Strom der Zeiten oder bildliche Darstellung der Weltgeschichte von den altesten Zeiten bis zum Ende des achtzehnden Jahrhunderts, von Friedrich Strass, Prf. der Geschichte ... 1804. Strass, Friedrich Hand color timeline chart by Austrian chronologer Strass,130x70. Folds into brown marbled case 37.5x26 with a label "Der Strom der Zeiten oder bildliche Darstellung der Weltgeschichte ..." A chronological representation of world history from the oldest times until 1800, with corresponding tables on both sides of the chart. The is the second edition by Strass, see our 1803 first edition (7921.000). View Map
	Palaestina - Wirtschafts - Atlas. 1926. Trietsch, Davis This is a scarce atlas with statistical maps showing Jewish immigration and populations in Palestine and Israel over time. Loose leaf sheets in folio style case.. View Atlas
	Mond-Atlas entworfen nach den Beobachtungen an der Pia-Sternwarte in Triest von Joh. Nep. Krieger, Mitglied der astronomischen Gesellschaft. I. Band. Mit 28 Tafein und Ansicht der Sternwarte. Triest, 1898. Im Selbstverlage des Verfassers. In Commission bei Ed. Heinr. Mayer in Leipzig. 1898. Krieger, Joh. Nep. (Johann Nepomuk), 1865-1902, Leipzig This 1898 lunar atlas was followed by a two volume sequel in 1912, Pub List No 12133.000 and 12134.000. Text is available on Internet Archive. Index map to plates in this volume are shown on List No 12134.123. View Atlas
	Atlas geographique, astronomique et historique, servant a l'intelligence de l'histoire ancienne, du moyen age et moderne et a la lecture des voyages les plus recens. Dresse d'apres les meilleurs materiaux tant francais qu'etrangers conformement aus progres de la science, par J.G. Heck. - Paris, Engelmann & Compagnie, S.F. 1834. Heck, Johann Georg, 1795 -1857, Paris Johann Georg Heck was a German bookseller and publisher, lithographer, cartographer, geographer and author. He became known through his work the Illustrated atlas for Conversations lexicon, Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Sciences and Arts, one of the largest German view works of the 19th century (see our copy). This atlas Geographique.. is his only known atlas. In the atlas, his thematic maps are especially noteworthy. Relief shown with hachures. Outline color. View Atlas
	(A fluxatlas : Spatial poem). This is the record of various directions to which people were simultaneously moving or facing around 10PM (Greenwich time) October 15th 1965. Mieko Shiomi. Event design, George Maciunas. 1965. Shiomi, Mieko; Maciunas, George, New York In 1964 Japanese artist Shoimi Mieko (Chieko) was invited to New York City by George Maciunas, founder of Fluxus network of artists to collaborate with him on a number of projects. This Fluxus map is the 1st. edition uncolored broadside issued in 1966, in 3 folds, with title on the cover "A fluxatlas. Mieko Shiomi. Event design, George Maciunas", now flattened. Includes outline maps of Japan, North America and Europe with notations indicating the locations of artists describing what they were doing at the time. In 1965 Shiomi conducted a series of nine events that she called "Spatial Poems" Each began with invitation to friends and colleagues to respond to a simple instruction, which took the form an intimate action poem, the accumulated responses she received constitute the work and give a glimpse of the network of artists who were connected through Fluxus activities. For Spatial Poem No. 2. Mieko contacted people around the world to record what they were doing and the direction they were facing in the morning Greenwich time on October 15, 1965. View Map
	Archiducatus Austriae inferioris geographica et noviter emendata accuratissima descriptio : Iussu et Sumptibus Inclytorum, Archiducat; Austriae Inferioris Dominorum Statuum Provincialium tabula haec Geographica nouiter emendata in Lucem data est. Anno ... MDC XCVII (1697). (inset views) Larpa Ceres spicas fragrantia vina ministrat Incopia Bachus, dat quo que terra Crocum. (with) Austria Cæsaribus foelix et patria regum archiducumque domus regno populis qz beata.. 1697. Vischer, Georg Matthaus, 1628-1696, Vienna 1 map on 20 sheets 156x216, 16 sheets of map each 40x54, with 4 sheets index beneath map. Topographic map of lower Austria by Georg Matthaus Vischer an Austrian topographer, cartographer, engraver and parish priest in Leonstein (Upper Austria) and Vienna. He is regarded as one of the most important Austrian cartographers and topographers of his time. His map was one of the most important maps of lower Austria, which was copied by N. Visscher, Homann, Seutter and others the next 100 years. This 1697 issue is the second edition, after the first edition of 1670. The name of Georg Matthäus Vischer and Melchior Küsel were in this edition removed from the panel and replaced by the name of Jacob Hoffmann and Jacob Hermundt, although the two had their improvements made by Vischer's handwritten corrections. Several changes were made to the to the view panels in the second edition. Map shows administrative boundaries, cities, towns, landmarks, place names, rivers and mountains. Relief shown pictorially. Includes decorative cartouches, Australian insignia and notes. View Map
	Imago Romanii Imperii. S.S.P., et D. N. Clementi XI P.O.M. Rom. Imp. Imagin. Hier. Andreas Martignonus D.D.D. ; Barth. Ioseph Tasniere sculp. Taurini. 1721. Canina, Luigi (1795-1856), Rome Topographic map of the middle part of Ancient Rome, 207x240 on 15 sheets dissected in to 30 sheets 36x48. Title from sheet TAV XI. Large scale map of the archeological ruins in Rome by Luigi Canina, an Italian architect and archeologist, whose work provides an important view of the condition of the city and ancient artifacts in the mid-nineteenth century. The interesting plan depicts the ancient monuments overlaid on a base map of the modern city as it was in 1840. Showing the landmarks, streets, city blocks, etc. Map published for the first time in 1840, entitled " "Pianta topografica della parte media di Roma antica dimostrata colla disposizione di tutti quegli edifizj antichi di cui rimangono reliquie e delineata sulla proporzione di uno a mille dall'architetto Luigi Canina." The 2nd edtion published in 1842. This is the 3rd. and last edition published in 1847, included 15 sheets. in 2 sections. Canina published a smaller version of this map, surrounded by 157 fragments of Severiana plan, a huge plan dating back to the emperor Septimius Severus (193-211), discovered in 1562 behind the church of St. Cosmas and Damian in the Forum Roman. (see our copies of this map). The fragments of the Severiana plan are shown as shadows on both this larger map and the smaller map, although only the smaller map identifies the fragments. Luigi Canina, an architect and archaeologist, born in Casale Monferrato on Oct. 23, 1795, died in Florence on October 17, 1856. He studied in Turin with Ferdinando Bonsignore. View Map
	A Chart of the World upon Mercator's projection exhibiting all the new discoveries to the present time : with the tracks of the most distinguished Navigators since the year 1700, carefully collected from the best charts, maps, voyages &c. Extant. And regulated from the accurate Astronomical Observations made in three voyages performed under the command of Capt. J. Cook in the years 1768, 69, 70, 71. -72, 73, 74, 75. - 77, 78, 79, & 80. Compiled and published by A.Arrowsmith, Hydrographer ... London published as the act directs, April 1st, 1790. by A. Arrowsmith. 1808. Arrowsmith, Aaron, London Map printed on six full sheets and two half sheets, sheets 75x62 or smaller. This was Arrowsmith's first map when originally published in 1790, here in the last state, 1808. It was one of the best and most up to date maps of the world published at the end of the 18th century, incorporating all of the discoveries made on Cook's great voyages, exhibiting new discoveries in the Pacific, as well as in the Arctic and along the northwest coast of America. The map shows Cook's discoveries from all three of his voyages, and also incorporates many other Pacific voyages. Indeed, nearly 30 tracks of explorers are marked, dating from 1492 to 1787, including the voyages of Furneaux, Surville, Tasman, Chirikof, Bering and others. Shows boundaries in outline hand color, cities, rivers, and grid lines. Includes text and compass rose. Relief shown by hachures. Depth shown by soundings. Prime meridian is Greenwich. View Map
	Labour and life of the people. Appendix to volume II. Edited by Charles Booth. William and Norgate, London; Edinburgh. 1891. (on verso) London: G. Norman and Son. (with maps) Descriptive map of London poverty, 1889. (with) Map shewing degrees of poverty in London. 1891. Booth, Charles, 1840-1916; Edward Stanford Ltd., London 5 color maps 68x88 or smaller, with 60+23 pages of text and index. Includes 1 map on 4 sheets, and 1 single map 68x88, folded into 21x12.5, mounted on linen in a band attached to the back cover. dated 1889-1891. Detailed town plan to show resident's means in 7 classes, wealth to poverty. Bound in olive cloth covered boards with title "Labour and life of the people : Maps etc. Appendix to Vol. 2." stamped on cover and on spine. Charles Booth's Inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People in London, undertaken between 1886 and 1903 was one of several surveys of working class life carried out in the 19th century. It is the only survey for which the original notes and data have survived and therefore provides a unique insight into the development of the philosophy and methodology of social investigation in the United Kingdom. Booth's four sheet Poverty map colour-coded streets according to the degree of wealth of the inhabitants, ranging from black ('Lowest class'), through shades of blue and purple ('Poor', 'Mixed', 'Fairly Comfortable'), to red ('Well to do') and yellow ('Wealthy'). Booth (1840-1916), owner of the Booth Shipping Line, acted in response to an 1886 Pall Mall Gazette article that claimed that 25% of Londoners lived in poverty. Booth regarded this figure as wildly exaggerated, so recruited a team of volunteer researchers (including his cousin Beatrix Potter) to compile an analysis of social conditions based on field visits and interviews with local police, clergy and employers. The First Series of 'Life and Labour' (1889 maps shown here), covering the East End, showed that 35% lived in poverty View Map
	Martin Behaim, his Life and his Globe. By E.G. Ravenstein, F.R.G.S., First Victoria Gold Medallist of the Royal Geographical Society, with a Facsimile of the Globe Printed in Colours, Eleven Maps and Seventeen Illustrations. London, George Philip, Son & Nephew, Ltd., 45-51, South Castle Street, (1492) 1908. Behaim, Martin, 1459-1507; Ravenstein, Ernest George, 1834-191, London Martin Behaim's Erdapfel (earth apple) is the oldest surviving terrestrial globe. It exists in only one manuscript copy painted by Georg Glockendon, held Nuremberg, Germany. It shows the world according to Ptolemy and other sources, before the discovery of America by Columbus in the same year as the globe was made, 1492. Behaim's globe vividly shows the earth without America and illustrates why Columbus thought he could sail directly west from Europe and land in China and the East Indies. This facsimile of Behaim's globe gores and callots was made by E.G. Ravenstein in 1908 and is generally considered the best available facsimile. It is based on both the original globe and an earlier facsimile made in 1847 by E.F.Jomard, as well as other sources for the notes and place names. While it is by no means a completely faithful copy of the original, it does express the overall intent of Behaim's globe. We have georeferenced the 12 globe gores and 2 polar callots, allowing the reprojection of the 14 separate sections into continuous world maps on several different projections. We have also placed a virtual globe version in Google Earth. View Map
	The world according to Ronald Reagan. Horsey. 1982 - Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 1982 AA Graphics, Inc., Seattle, Wash., USA. PC237 (with) The world according to Ronald Reagan. By David Horsey. 1987 AA Graphics, Inc., Seattle, Wash., USA. PC0288, Regan's world II. 1982. 1987. Horsey, David, Seatlle (Washington) 2 Political satire maps, depicting the world as Ronald Reagan (US president 1980-1988) might have imagined it, showing various political humor. These are the first and second of Reagan's World maps, by David Horsey, published in 1982 and 1987. David Horsey was a Pulitzer-winning Seattle Post-Intelligencer cartoonist. View Maps
	L'Atlas Curieux ou Le Monde Represente dans des Cartes Generales et Particulieres du Ciel et de la Terre Divise Tant en ses Quatre Principales Parties que par Etats et Provinces ... Par N. de Fer, Geografe de Monseigneur le Dauphin ... Dedie a Nosseigneurs les Enfans de France ... A Paris, chez l'Auteur dans l'Isle du Palais .... (The Atlas or The Curious World Represented by General and Particular Maps of Heaven and Earth Divided Both in Four Major Parts by States and Provinces ... By N. de Fer, Geographer to Monseigneur the Dauphin ... Dedicated to our Lords, the Children de France ... in Paris, at the House of the Author in Isle Palace ... 1700.) Fer, Nicolas de, 1646-1720, Paris This is volume one of the normally two volume Atlas Curieux, here in the "Suite" edition. De Fer's Atlas Curieux is a fascinating mix of maps, views, and plans unlike any other during its time. Black and white, except title page. Relief shown in sketches. View Atlas
	City Markets, A Study of Thirty-Five Cities. Advertising Department, The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Penna. 1932. Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia Maps are color keyed to show value of single family homes and corresponding rental rates, as well as the location of "Foreign or Colored" residents. Ostensibly for marketing purposes at the time, today the maps show vividly the segregation of 35 American cities by income levels in 1932. Refer to the text pages on how to interpret the maps. View Atlas
	The Atlas of India, revised by J. Walker ... selected from the maps published under the superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, compiled from the latest and most authentic sources, including all the recent geographical discoveries. London: Edward Stanford, 6, Charing Cross. 1856. Walker, John; Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain); J. and C. Walker (Firm), London Revised edition of the Atlas of India, produced by Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge to encourage broad use of maps in education. Date estimated. Includes 26 double page maps, including: 13 of India (an index map and 12 regional maps), 10 maps covering surrounding territories in the Middle East, South Asia and the Far East (including one showing Canton and Macao with an inset of Hong Kong), 1 map of the islands of the Pacific and a map of the world on Mercator's Projection in two sheets. Most sheets engraved by J. and C. Walker. Atlas is bound in half leather dark brown cloth covered boards with "Indian atlas" stamped in gold on the front cover. Maps are hand colored, showing political and administrative divisions, roads, railroads, major cities and towns, fortifications, rivers, canals and lakes. Relief shown by hachures, shading, and pictorially. View Atlas
	Atlas geografico de Espana : que comprende el mapa general de la peninsula, todos los particulares de nuestras provincias, y el del reyno de Portugal. por Don Tomas Lopez, geógrafo que fue de los dominios de S.M. e individuo de varias academias y sociedades. Tomo Primero. Ano 1810. Se hallara en Madrid, Calle de Atocha frente a la plazuela del Angel no. 1, y a la casa de los Gremios no. 3. 1810. Lopez de Vargas Machuca, Tomas (1730-1802), Madrid Second edition of the geographic atlas of Spain, published in 1810, with half title page, 4 pages of index, contents and text. Comprising 38 maps on 98 sheets, Madrid (sheet 99) added later by owner, along with three other maps later removed. Some maps on multiple sheets. Maps dated 1765 - 1802. Contains the general map of the peninsula, all the provinces, and the kingdom of Portugal By Don Tomas Lopez. Maps are engraved outline hand colored, with decorative title cartouche, text and tables, showing administrative divisions, major cities, towns, villages, landmarks, public buildings, roads, rivers, canals and mountains. Bound in half leather marbled paper covers with title " Atlas geografico de Espana I” on spine in gilt. Relief shown pictorially. Don Tomas Lopez (1730-1802) a Spanish cartographer, began his studies at the Imperial College of the Spanish capital. In 1752 he went to continue his training in Paris to learn cartography with the great French mapmaker Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (1697-1782). In Paris he was accompanied by, among others, Juan de la Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, Manuel Salvador Carmona and Alonso Cruzado. In 1804, Lopez published his “Atlas Geographic of Spain”, the first atlas of Spain that produced by a Spaniard. The children of Lopez reposted this work in a new edition in 1810 and again in 1830. View Atlas
	Voyage de MM. Alexandre de Humboldt et Aime Bonpland. Atlas Geographique et Physique, pour Accompagner la Relation Historique. Sixieme livraison. Paris, J. Smith, Rue Montmorency, No. 16; Londres, Dulau et Compie., Soho-Square. 1831. Imprimerie de J. Smith. 1831. Humboldt, Alexander von, 1769-1859; Bonpland, Aime, Paris “This atlas was issued as part of Humboldt and Bonpland’s Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent fait en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804 (Paris, 1808-1834), which was published in over thirty volumes over several decades…This atlas is important for many reasons, and its illustrations showed Europe and the entire world new scientific information for the first time. Humboldt’s groundbreaking exploration of the Orinoco River, for example, is delineated on two maps, one of which was the first to establish the precise location of and to show the connection between Rio Orinoco and Rio Negro, a question that had baffled geographers for three centuries…The Orinoco river maps are supplemented by maps of other rivers, many accurately depicted for the first time. Also significant are the profiles and maps of mountain ranges, which are depicted with scientific precision showing new information in novel ways. Many of the profiles are dramatically hand colored… The dramatic volcano plates are supplemented by several large-scale maps, which are masterful depictions of land forms. These studies were crucial to Humboldt’s later conclusions about the origin and nature of these natural structures and constitute one of his major contributions to the field of geology. Humboldt mapped many areas in an accurate fashion for the first time. Because riverbeds and stream courses interested him immensely, those features are often shown in great detail on the maps, which also depict other natural and man-made features, such as mountains, missions, roads, and settlements. His map of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, for example, was from the latest available surveys recently done by the Mexican government (Humboldt was for fifty years an advocate of an interoceanic connection between the Atlantic and Pacific). The Cuba map is also an updated version and reflects his recent explorations of the island. Despite a few secondary sources, most of the maps are based directly on his extensive travels and observations during the course of his explorations. Perhaps the most remarkable map in this atlas is the first printing of a manuscript map that harks back to the very earliest European cartographic representation of the New World. This is the manuscript world map made by Spanish conquistador, cartographer, and explorer Juan de la Cosa (ca. 1460-1509), who sailed with the first three voyages of Columbus and was the owner of the Santa María. This portolan world chart incorporates lands discovered in America up to 1500 during expeditions by Spanish, Portuguese, and English expeditions to America. Juan de la Cosa’s mappa mundi is painted in ink and colors on ox hide (93 x 183 cm) and richly decorated. His map is believed to be “the earliest extant map showing any part of the continent of North America” (Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America, Plate 1, pp. 18-19)… Finally, going back to the beginning, the emblematic frontispiece engraving Humanitas. Literæ. Fruges (after the art work of artist Barthélemy Joseph Fulcran Roger) is not just another pretty, classical picture, but rather an expression of Humboldt’s deep philosophical concept of America and Europe expressed in iconography.” (Dorothy Sloan, Auction 22, 2009). This copy is unbound in original paper covers with multiple title pages. See our “Atlas Geographique Et Physique Du Royaume De La Nouvelle-Espagne,” 1811 for the other atlas volume in this series, concerning Mexico. View Atlas
	Nova illustrissimi principatus Pomeraniae descriptio cum adjuncta Principum genealogia et Principum veris et potiorum Urbium imaginibus et Nobilium insignibus. N. Geilkerckius sculpsit. [With] Pomeraniae et rerum in ea memorabilium brevis descriptio E. Lubini. 1618 (1758). Lubin, Eilhard (1565-1621); Geelkercken, Nicolaes van, Hamburg Composite map of Pomerania, sheets 1-12. Large and impressive outline colored copperplate engraving map of Pomerania on 12 sheets, 42x54 or smaller, by Eilhard Lubin, Professor at the University of Rostock. In 1610 he was asked by Philipp II, the Duke of Pomerania to create a large scale map of the geography and history of the duchy. In 1612 map was completed, it was decorated with 49 town views, and coat of arms of the noble families. In 1618 the Dutch engraver Nicolas van Geelkercken, engraved the copperplates in Amsterdam, and a small number of sheets were printed. The plates disappeared in the thirty years war and were rediscovered by the historian Johann Carl Conard Oelrichs in 1758. The map shows 49 town views on the border, the family tree of the house of Griffins, dukes of Pomerania, with 157 names and small portraits, a small family tree of the house of Rugen, 5 large portraits of living dukes of different parts of Pomerania, and on the lower middle left sheet probably the portrait of Lubin himself. The map shows towns and villages, landmarks, churches, forest, rivers and mountains. Relief is shown pictorially. Lubin's Pomerania remained the most accurate map of the region from its inception in 1618 until the Prussian topographical survey of the eighteenth century. The map is extraordinary in the way that it combines the "mapping" of the history of the ruling families with the mapping of the topography of Pomerania. View Map
	Shinkoku Taihei Take Mori Mata Akira. 1854. Anonymous Wood block print, pictorial map of the coast defense of Tokyo Bay. Kawaraban Broadside Map depicting arrival of Perry's "Black Ships," describing the arrival of the American Commodore Matthew Perry to Edo Bay (Tokyo Bay) in 1854 (Kaei 6), after his earlier brief visit in 1853. The defensive ships identified by the warlord in charge and his armorial crest are around the bay to intimidate the invaders. Includes notes describing the troops and list of names of Samurais in charge of defense of Tokyo Bay. Includes an illustration in the upper right depicting an American soldier. Perry's ships were the first major western intrusion into Japan. “Perry, on behalf of the U.S. government, forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. merchant ships. This was the era when all Western powers were seeking to open new markets for their manufactured goods abroad, as well as new countries to supply raw materials for industry. It was clear that Commodore Perry could impose his demands by force. The Japanese had no navy with which to defend themselves, and thus they had to agree to the demands… Upon seeing Perry's fleet sailing into their harbor, the Japanese called them the "black ships of evil mien (appearance)." Many leaders wanted the foreigners expelled from the country, but in 1854 a treaty was signed between the United States and Japan which allowed trade at two ports. In 1858 another treaty was signed which opened more ports and designated cities in which foreigners could reside. The trade brought much foreign currency into Japan disrupting the Japanese monetary system. Because the ruling shogun seemed unable to do anything about the problems brought by the foreign trade, some samurai leaders began to demand a change in leadership. The weakness of the Tokugawa shogunate before the Western demand for trade, and the disruption this trade brought, eventually led to the downfall of the Shogunate and the creation of a new centralized government with the emperor as its symbolic head.” Source: Asia for Educators, Columbia University. View Map
	Handatlas der Allgemeinen Erdkunde, Laender- und Staatenkunde, In 80 Karten. Herausgegeben von L. Ewald ... Nebst einem Handbuch der allgemeinen Erdkunde. Laender- und Staatenkunde von Dr. E. Eder. Darmstadt, 1860. Verlag von Jonghaus & Venator's Kartogr[aphisch].-artist[ischen]. Anstalt. 1860. Martignoni, Girolamo Andrea; Tasniere, Barth. Joseph, Rome Looseleaf color atlas with accompanying text sheets, all in unbound original publisher's parts/sections. Relief depicted with hachures. Atlas was conceived of and initiated by Georg Leonhart Bauerkeller beginning in 1844 by subscription. From at least 1845, Ludwig Ewald was a primary author and was responsible for drafting the maps. Considered by authorities to be one of the most beautiful atlases of the 19th century, it is particularly noteworthy for its quality registration, sharp images, use of brown for relief and solid blue for water, multi-color lithography, and it's scope of content. Particularly noteworthy presentations being: map, diagrams and illustrations of glaciers in the Alps (No.14. Die Gletscher der Alpen - List No 12189.036); an elevation diagram of major mountains and sea depths (No.39. Hoehen und Tiefen - List No 12189.061); map of Switzerland with relief depicted with hachures and giving a shaded relief 3-D effect (No. 54. Die Schweiz - List No 12189.076). Most of the text planned to accompany the maps was never completed. The atlas was largely ignored by contemporary and subsequent scholars despite its high quality. This is Espenhorst version 19.1.0-19.1.1.3. It consists of the initial set of 80 maps plus two sets of supplemental maps totaling 12 sheets - mostly revisions of previous editions. This scanned set has most of the section title pages at the end because the 80 sheets were not originally issued in the table of contents order that we present. Bauerkeller was also known for his three dimensional maps of cities, see our copies of London, Paris, Hamburg, and others. View Atlas
	42 Los Angeles Times World War II Maps, 1942-1945. Los Angeles Times; Various Authord, Los Angeles Group of pictorial newspaper maps issued during World War II by the Los Angeles Times. Many are by Charles Owens. A few of the maps are post war. View Maps

25 Maps of Silicon Valley And Other Tech Hubs

2020-12-28T17:30:45-08:00

We previously wrote about Early Mapping of Silicon Valley and the Internet. Since then we have added 25 maps of Silicon Valley and other tech hubs like Route 128 in Boston, Austin, Texas, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Also we have added some maps of Silicon Valley before it became a tech center. Here is a link to the entire group, including the earlier maps. These maps offer a unique view of the spatial arrangement of Tech firms. While the process of selling advertising spaces on the maps no doubt resulted in some firms being omitted and some included firms being overemphasized, still the result gives us a view in time that few other documents possess. As the maps continued to be published many evolved into calendar illustrations. We are grateful for the assistance of Curtis Bird in describing and assembling this group of maps.

25 Maps of Silicon Valley and other Tech Hubs, 1945 - 2021

The map below is an almost perfect starting point for looking at the 20th century evolution of the Silicon Valley region. Plumbers, Roofers, Glass repair, some bookstores, the surrounding ads for local businesses could be almost anywhere in the U.S. at the time. Aside from the "Moffett Field Air Base" and Stanford University, there is little that's unique, but those two locations were roots for the the development to come.

Thomas Brothers, Map of Palo Alto -Mountain View -Sunnyvale -Menlo Park -Atherton -Los Altos and Vicinity, 1945

The map on the left, The Shell Oil map of San Jose in 1951 shows how rural the area surrounding the city was. The 1979 map on the right of Sunnyvale California is a regional map that includes good portions of the neighboring communities and grants a glimpse of life and commerce, with the cover title font giving some interesting foreshadowing. Done in a computer style script for "Sunnyvale" we now see surrounding advertisements for not just restaurants and real estate, but Microwave Tech, "Printed Circuit Boards" and "Capacitor Sales." The start of a huge inclusion of specialty businesses.

Shell Oil Company, San Jose and Vicinity, 1951

Landmark Maps, Sunnyvale California, 1979

The 1985 map below is filled with advertising for computer and other companies in Silicon Valley. A plane flying over the Valley notes "Launching The Bay Area Regional Technology Center Fall 1985. Apple appears in the lower left, below the Budweiser truck, and above Olivetti, in Saratoga. This is one of the rarest of the early views of Silicon Valley.

City Graphics of America, Silicon Valley, 1985

The left side map shows Silicon Valley occupying practically all the real estate from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. The expanse from the west to the east coast of the US is depicted in bands with the Pacific Ocean in the foreground, then I-280, then US 101, then the San Francisco Bay and in the far distance the Atlantic Ocean. In the foreground bands there are depicted many high tech companies, advertising and communication companies, business and distributors of digital contents, along with Stanford, the San Francisco Bay, Cal Berkeley. At left is Lake Tahoe and the Rockies, and at right Los Angeles. The right side map shows the area from Gloucester Mass to Norwood Mass, which is the belt highway the encircled the tech hub residing around Boston. The view notes Silicon Valley in the distance, as well as Silicon Gulch in Texas. In interviewing Kirby Scudder it becomes clear that this map and its Silicon Valley peer was made after the success of Maryanne Hoburg's 1982 map, and sought to meld the popular current of Saul Steinberg's whimsical maps with growing tech regions.

Kirby Scudder, Silicon Valley, 1986

Kirby Scudder, Route 128, 1984

Extrapolating from the same Hoburg 1982 map and with updated content, here Stephanie Russell reworks but retains the same composition.

Stephanie Russell, City Graphics of America, Silicon Valley, 1986

The left 1991 map is a bit more primitive and cartoonish, being the earliest of Mikkelsen's work for the area, densely focused on the South Bay. Embossed lettering. The right map, also by Mikkelsen the next year, continues the embossed, high gloss depiction centered more and more deep into the South Bay, with an evolving cast of companies shown.

Mikkelsen and Associates, 1991

Mikkelsen and Associates, Silicon Valley, 1992

Colorful bird's-eye 1984 map of Massachusetts sponsored by International Data Corp. Annotated throughout. Includes numerous individual vignettes of buildings, landmarks, place names, streets, parks, bridges, and businesses, all clustered around the Tech hub along Route 128 outside of Boston. This is one of the earliest maps to depict the Route 128 region.

City Graphics of America, Massachusetts Technology. Complements of IDC : International Data Corporation, 1984

A very orthodox 1993 regional map centered around the identifying name of Silicon Valley, with coverage that anchors in San Jose and Santa Clara, reaching up to Fremont, and around to East Palo Alto, Atherton and surrounding area. A thorough street guide is on back, and treats it as a region, not just a smattering of small towns in the shadow of San Francisco.

Compass Maps, Silicon Valley -Santa Clara -Sunnyvale -Downtown San Jose, 1993

On the left is an example of a map becoming synonymous with how a region thinks of itself. Here a t-shirt with a different set of points of interest, which include restaurants, hotels, and even the odd optometrist. It's evident that this is how culture is going to see itself in Silicon Valley, this version indebted to Hoburg's 1982 map, as so many of these maps are. The right map is a large back-of-shirt image for an Atmel shirt (chip and microprocessor fab) that includes a detailed sprawling view of the key companies around the south Bay. A moment in the greater electronics ecosystem, as a map.

Anonymous, Silicon Valley (T-Shirt), 1985

Amen International, Silicon Valley Classic Edition (T-Shirt), 1998

A Mousepad, showing how the map pervaded the sense of place and purpose, here the ranking of advertisers promoting their presence in the area is shown, and now we begin to see Software (Yahoo) first start to up in the midst of all the hardware companies (Apple, Seagate, IBM, HP)

Anonymous, Silicon Valley (Mousepad), 1999

On the left, Diane Gatto's design introduces another view of the valley, adding many sites in the southern East Bay. Another edition was made in 1995 for Cisco. On the right, a Greg Mack map of high gloss, with an expanded perspective, reaching up to the Golden Gate and over to the East Bay. Hints at the growth of what had been the secluded South Bay.

Gatto, Diane, Silicon Valley. Intel The Computer Inside., 1993

Greg Mack, Silicon Valley, 1997

Not Silicon Valley, but here Austin Texas metro gets into the game of fabrication and emulates the same map style to show their tech ecosystem. The 1997 map is one of the earliest to show the Austin Tech hub.

Civic Pride Inc., Silicon Hills, 1997

Yet another descendant of Saul Steinberg's tongue-in-cheek perspective maps, and this one for North Carolina, uniquely noting the growing tech region of the "Research Triangle". "The Triangle" is anchored in the three colleges of the area where the government tech investment began in the 1950's.

Harvey Hutter, North Carolina, a view of the world., 2000

Left, a 2000 map probably patterned off of Greg Mack's map, here we see an overview, with tech companies rapidly reaching to San Francisco, Oakland, and all across South Bay. On the right, a 2005 Bird's-eye view of Silicon Valley and vicinity, including the San Francisco Bay, Golden Gate Bridge, and Marin County. Shows cities and towns, major roads, topography, bodies of water and coastline. Relief illustrated with satellite photography. Includes compass rose, with north oriented toward upper right. Features Silicon Valley company names with website addresses.

Silicon Maps Inc. - City Design, Silicon Valley, 2000

Silicon Valley, Inc., Silicon Valley, 2005

A bigger and bigger region, now reaches out to Sacramento, down to Los Gatos and Santa Cruz, and beyond San Francisco. More of a realistic map, using satellite imagery, includes small logos and company names, spanning the decades from Intel and IBM, to Oracle, to Linked In and Facebook.

City Graphics of America, Silicon Valley, 1985

These two maps show the growth in recent years of the biomedical industries in both the extended San Francisco Bay Area (left), and on the east coast from Boston to Washington, D.C. (right)

Silicon Maps, Inc., Bioscience West, Global Leaders in Drug Discovery and Development. 2021

Silicon Maps, Inc., Bioscience East, Global Leaders in Drug Discovery and Development, 2021

The Tech world in 2021 - on the left in California, stretching from Sacramento south to Santa Cruz, with the satellite image background moving away from the pictorial views of the early 1980's almost 40 years ago. On the right, the same style applied to the greater Austin region in Texas, now known as Silicon Hills.

Silicon Maps, Inc., Silicon Valley, 2021

Silicon Maps, Inc., Silicon Hills, Leading Technology Innovators of Greater Austin, 2021