Defense One - All Content

Defense Business Brief: AI manufacturing; Skilled trades; Arms transfer oversight

Lauren C. Williams — Thu, 10 Sep 2026 02:31:22 -0400

Could AI- and robot-made missile components and airframes be the future of aerospace manufacturing? That’s the bet, Machina Labs CEO Edward Mehr said.

The Los Angeles-based company plans to break ground on its third manufacturing facility this year, Mehr told Defense One at the Space and Missile Defense Conference last month.

That facility, which hasn’t been named yet, is expected to be up to 250,000 square feet—more than double the size of Machina Labs’ two existing facilities.

The company builds large metal structures like airframes and drone bodies using AI and robotics with less specialized tooling and equipment.

“If you think about traditional metal structure manufacturers in defense, they have to go build a very custom factory for every product they want to deploy. There [are] facilitization costs that go for each product and then there's a lead time associated with that. For us, the same factory that makes, let's say, [Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile] fuel tanks, can switch and make UAV airframes.”

Last year, Machina Labs raised $124 million in a Series C round, much of which will be used for that third facility: “This year—and next—is about focus, about scale,” he said.

The company, which has Toyota, Nvidia, and Lockheed Martin as investors, plans to significantly increase production of its manufacturing system, RoboCraftsman.

“Today, we manufacture five of these manufacturing systems a year. We're ramping that up,” he said.

Several of those systems are slated to outfit Machina Labs’ upcoming facility, which will produce cruise missile products. The company has not yet announced where it will be located.

“As long as you have a ground that can hold the system, they can be shipped to it, they open up, you connect them to power, and within the same day, they self-calibrate and start manufacturing,” Mehr said.

Welcome

You’ve reached the Defense Business Brief, where we dig into what the Pentagon buys, who they’re buying from, and why. Send along your tips, feedback, and song recommendations to lwilliams@defenseone.com. Check out the Defense Business Brief archive here, and tell your friends to subscribe!

Help needed: Natsec’s skilled trade crisis. For more than a generation, the rhetoric and overall advice for young adults mulling their future was to go to college, get a four-year degree, maybe learn to code, and land an office job—or at least one that is secure and not too dangerous. But that societal rhetoric may have helped fuel a dearth of skilled trade and craft workers, lawmakers and government officials argued during a pre-Labor Day hearing.

“We assume that critical manufacturing inputs such as minerals, sub tier suppliers, [and] skilled labor will always be available. This assumption is false,” Rep. Ken Calvert, who chairs the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense, said during opening remarks for a Sept. 4 field hearing on the industrial base. “According to the American Welding Society, approximately 20 percent of the welding force are approaching retirement and in 2025 they estimated the need for 320,000 new welders by 2029. These estimates are prior to the data center boom, which relies heavily on welders and fabrication.”
The Pentagon’s head of industrial base policy Michael Cadenazzi echoed those sentiments in written testimony:
- “Decades of government policy and societal pressure have driven millions of talented young Americans towards degrees which haven’t delivered the benefits they were promised and have left defense manufacturers with few skilled workers waiting in the wings. There are as many as 400,000 unfilled skilled trades jobs in the DIB today, and that number could grow to 2.5 million by 2030.”
Cadenazzi also highlighted the Pentagon’s award of a $10 million grant to BuildFreedom.us, which aims to bolster the skilled workforce by linking jobseekers with scholarships, apprenticeship programs, and “AI-proof jobs”.
- “We’ve now rolled out Build Freedom in three states, with plans to expand the program nationwide. This national awareness will drive individuals to our new Buildfreedom.US website, a one-stop shop where their interest can be converted into scholarships, training, credentials, and job opportunities,” he said of the effort, which was launched in partnership with the National Labor Exchange, Mike Rowe of “Dirty Jobs” reality TV fame, and his mikeroweWORKS Foundation.
- That $10 million grant will pay for more than 9,000 scholarships, Cadenazzi said.

Improving oversight of mishandled defense articles abroad. When the U.S. provides security assistance, the State Department is in charge of investigating incidents in which U.S. allies and partners fail to properly secure or transfer defense articles—from weapons to components or technical data. But the department's “investigations, documentation and reporting on potential violations were inconsistent,” the Government Accountability Office wrote in a letter that was publicly released on Sept. 8.

The watchdog agency made those concerns, which appeared in a 2025 report, a “high priority” issue for the State Department.
“We recommended [the State Department] document the status and findings of its investigations and develop guidance for determining when to report an incident to Congress. Doing so could inform congressional oversight of future assistance,” the letter states.

Making moves + other news

The Army picked Boeing and Anduril for its Integrated Fires Protection Capability (IFPC) Increment 2 Second Interceptor.
Allen Control Systems is beefing up its manufacturing capacity with a new 191,000 square-foot manufacturing facility in Austin, Texas. The facility will churn out the company’s signature robotic turret.
Kongsberg selected Echodyne to provide radars for its counter-UAS system.
Former NGA Director Frank Whitworth is now president of Satellogic, a geospatial data company. Whitworth will lead the company’s operations and direct strategy for its defense and intelligence products.
The Navy and MARTAC demonstrated refueling of autonomous vessels at sea.
Ex-Pentagon weapons buyer Ellen Lord joined Chariot Defense’s advisory board with two former Army generals, James Rainey, who led Army Futures Command, and Samuel Peterson, the Army’s former buyer for combat support and sustainment portfolio. Defense investor Stephen Rodriguez also joined the board.

A final stray thought: BuildFreedom.us rings very similar to BuildSubmarines.com. Coincidence? Perhaps.

]]>

AI-powered biowarfare is coming; the Army lays plans to ‘fight through’ it

Patrick Tucker — Wed, 09 Sep 2026 17:12:01 -0400

FORT BELVOIR, Va.— AI is “dramatically lowering the barrier” to creating biological weapons, according to the Army’s updated biodefense strategy—even as it gives commanders and troops a better picture of how biological threats, both natural and manmade, will shape future battlefields, service officials say.

The new strategy aims to prepare the Army to “deploy, fight, and win decisively in a bio-contested environment” by 2035, via new training, advanced early warning, and hardened equipment. But its leaders and bio-threat experts are already working to overhaul how the service thinks about and responds to biological threats. AI will be central to this new era of biodefense, whether advising in the disposition of forces or countering enemy attempts to sow confusion and panic about outbreaks, according to officials who spoke to reporters Tuesday.

The era of AI bioweapons

In 2023, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei told U.S. lawmakers that AI could “widen the range of actors with the technical capability to conduct a large-scale biological attack,” a scenario he said could come to pass within “two to three years.”

The scenario is drawing nearer. This week, a new paper out of Stanford described how feeding genetic data into high-performance AI models could lead to a new kind of virus that can infect bacteria, showing it’s ability to breakthrough the immunity barriers of other organisms.

This has alarmed RAND molecular biologist Steph Guerra, who wrote, “As AI capabilities advance, viral bioweapons could become much easier to design and produce and could cause even more harm than the weapons used in the past.”

But AI also play a role in defending societies and militaries from such weapons. “We know that everything is changing faster now and so part of the key to the strategy is making sure that we're adaptable,” Alison Tamasi, the chief of the survivability and effects division at the Army’s Nuclear and CWMD Agency, said Tuesday.

Just as detecting a needle in a haystack is harder than making needles, using AI to detect biological threats on the battlefield is more complicated and human-centered task than feeding data into a model. That’s one reason why the updated Army biodefense strategy is so important, the researchers said.

One key element is new, portable genetic-sequencing kits. No bigger than a computer printer, the kits can analyze genetic samples on a laptop computer not connected to the cloud. That might sound like the sort of thing you could encounter in a doctor's office. But a cheek swab that a doctor might take in a relatively clean conditions is very different from samples contaminated with dust, air, fiber, or animal tissue. And getting analysis in the field in a day or so beats waiting weeks for a sample transported back to the States.

The Army hopes the kits, which can classify a sample as a known biothreat or a new one, will help forge strategies when new ones arise.

You can’t stop biology. You can plan for it.

AI isn’t the only factor increasing risks of future biological threats. New viruses occur naturally and spread more quickly today as a function of globalization. But the military’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic “exposed shortfalls in Army biodefense capabilities,” according to the new strategy.

A 2023 study found that COVID-19, which thrust the military into new civilian support roles and imposed new guidelines on forces around the world, undermined team cohesion, military readiness, and of course, mental and physical health.

The new strategy emphasizes better planning for operating during a pandemic, manmade or not. Demonstrating this capability might just deter an adversary from attempting to launch a bioattack as part of a larger campaign, officials said.

“The challenge is going to be how we do this [sample collection, analysis] in the crisis phase, or worse, in the conflict phase,” said Col. Dennis Ruffolo, deputy director for force health protection at the Office of the Surgeon General and Army Medical Command. “That's really what this is going to get after is is is making sure all Army leaders understand that we have to learn ways to fight through the biothreats.”

Here, too, AI will play a key role, said Ruffolo, in helping commanders better understand the biothreats they face, or even will face, in as much detail as possible.

That sort of understanding, enabled not just by new AI models but also humans collecting samples, monitoring environments, and performing analysis, will better prepare the Army for those contingencies. That adaptation means getting more soldiers to understand that bio-threat monitoring is a new priority, ensuring they are capable of biological threat monitoring, and providing them with the equipment and training to do so.

“I have operators below me who do not have doctorates or [are] not microbiologists, I have E-4 specialists who are able to operate that technology with protocols that I have written, and they can do that unsupervised.” said Army microbiologist Amina Zeidan, with the 44th Medical Brigade.

The strategy makes those sorts of efforts a core priority across training, equipping, facilities, policy, and so forth.

“Historically, the Army treated biodefense as a specialized problem,” reads the strategy. “Victory in future conflicts requires an Army that treats biodefense not as a secondary concern, but as a core warfighting imperative. This strategy provides the roadmap.”

]]>

Maven is becoming the Pentagon’s everything app

John Croxton — Wed, 09 Sep 2026 15:24:57 -0400

The Pentagon is finding ever more uses for the AI-powered command-and-control system called Maven Smart System, including logistics, force readiness, supply chain and budgeting data, the Defense Department’s AI chief said Tuesday.

Maven, which is used by all U.S. combatant commands for intelligence and operations data analysis, drew attention in the early days of President Donald Trump’s war with Iran by facilitating strikes on thousands of targets in lightning-quick succession.

But the war also revealed DOD’s need for a better way to plan operations against a 90-day picture of its munitions inventory, Cameron Stanley, chief digital and artificial intelligence officer, said at the Billington CyberSecurity Summit in Washington, D.C.

Already, MSS has replaced “six, eight, ten” different IT systems that U.S. military personnel previously used to analyze data, said Stanley, adding that the goal was to build a “golden thread” of data from sensors, to aggregation and visualization, to decision-making and acting based on those decisions.

While MSS started as a tool to bridge intelligence and operations efforts, the department is working to include readiness and disposition of forces, supply chain and budgetary considerations, modeling and simulation to improve decision-making processes—what Stanley called a “horizontal integration” of directorates’ data functions.

Stanley also pointed to GenAI.mil, the Pentagon’s main portal for AI tools, which recently added tools from OpenAI and xAI in addition to Google’s Gemini. It’s deploying “real, no-kidding frontier AI algorithms, and the full user experience, inside of a government environment,” he said.

The organizations that have been most successful are integrating AI in new ways and changing how they operate, versus simply automating existing processes, Stanley added. Whereas commanders used to wait hours for new satellite imagery, they now see images complete with target detection in minutes, requiring a rethink of military decision-making processes.

“Basically, we need to make better decisions faster with data,” Stanley said. “Everything seems confusing until you break it down to making better decisions faster.”

He also discussed procurement timelines, noting that recent use of other transaction authorities and marketplaces had shortened the time vendor selection took “from months to single-digit days,” compared to traditional requests for information and proposals at DOD. He recommended vendors use Tradewinds, DOD’s digital marketplace, saying it “satisfies the competitive requirement” with a five-minute video, “way better than writing a bunch of RFIs and RFPs.”

The department is also exploring AI pilot programs for drafting and concluding contracts, as well as legal advice, though humans would remain in the process. Stanley said that “90%” of the language used in other transaction agreements or Federal Acquisition Regulation-based contracts was standard, and AI could often be used to make straightforward updates as needed.

He noted that interim authority to test and authority to operate on department networks were “one of those clear bottlenecks that are really really hard to get around,” and that AI pilot programs were being trialed to speed approval times.

While the full timeline from a broad agency announcement to authority to operate right now “could be 18 months,” his office is “progressively looking at every single piece of that schedule.”

The department was historically “standoffish” about software delivery models like software as a service and platform as a service, but “meeting the industry where they are” would allow the Pentagon to invest in and integrate commercial offerings more readily, Stanley said. He said that DOD would adopt commercial AI models, use its own data to customize them for its own use cases, and build its own bespoke capabilities as necessary.

Instead of owning the software, “I'll pay a license for that, so you don't have to worry about development. We can just iterate inside of that license period,” he said. The department is “a commercial-first organization.”

Allies often “are aligned” but “don’t have the resources … the experience … the scale that we do,” Stanley said. DOD is actively working with partners including the Five Eyes (the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) and “a few” NATO and Asian allies to understand their needs and help them avoid making mistakes DOD has already made, he noted.

Stanley added that “AI in everything” would happen naturally, regardless of DOD’s actions. The department would need to digitize older processes and integrate AI into all decision-making to adapt. “The way we've always done it is not the least risky option. The way we've always done it is the most risky course of action,” he said.

]]>

NSA wants AI to help analysts sift vast data troves

David DiMolfetta — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 22:20:00 -0400

The National Security Agency is leaning into artificial intelligence tools to process the mass volumes of data it collects, allowing analysts to sort through tasks and find anomalies faster, a top official said Tuesday.

“I think right now we’re looking at how to use an AI where we could triage so much more,” David Imbordino, the head of the agency’s cybersecurity directorate, said on a panel with officials from the “Five Eyes” intelligence alliance at the Billington Cybersecurity Summit in Washington, D.C.

The agency ingests vast amounts of data every day, including intercepted foreign communications and electronic signals from radar and weapons systems. Imbordino’s directorate, in particular, focuses on both intelligence collection and cyberdefense.

“Volume has always been a problem,” he said, but AI has raised the prospect of getting “to the nuggets” faster than before. In the near future, analysts will likely use AI tools to look at disparate pieces of information and evaluate them “much more quickly” than current methods that can take days or weeks, Imbordino added.

His remarks highlight one of many ways the nation’s cyber and intelligence agencies are putting AI to work and show the omnipresent role such systems will play in day-to-day work in spy offices.

NSA has also taken a leading role in the Trump administration’s AI policy efforts as increasingly powerful tools promise to help defenders find and fix software flaws while giving hackers new ways to break into networks. Late last month, NSA deputy director Tim Kosiba said that the agency wants access to a wide range of models and is engaging heavily with frontier AI companies.

The agency is helping to implement a sweeping June executive order directing national security agencies to create classified tests for determining when AI systems have developed sufficiently advanced hacking capabilities to warrant additional scrutiny. The order calls, in part, for a voluntary arrangement through which developers can give the federal government access to qualifying models for as many as 30 days before releasing them to other trusted partners.

]]>

CIA cyber intelligence helped US forces capture Maduro, deputy director says

David DiMolfetta — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 22:10:00 -0400

CIA cyber operatives provided intelligence that helped U.S. forces locate and capture deposed Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro within four minutes of landing on the ground in January this year, agency Deputy Director Michael Ellis said Tuesday.

Ellis credited the agency’s Center for Cyber Intelligence with building what he called a “flawless intelligence picture” for Operation Absolute Resolve, the U.S. operation that seized Maduro.

“If you look at [Absolute Resolve], you know that operation was only made possible by a flawless intelligence picture, and that flawless intelligence picture was built on cyber operations enabled by our CCI team,” Ellis said, speaking at the Billington Cybersecurity Conference in Washington, D.C. Without that intelligence, he said, the agency could not have helped U.S. forces locate and apprehend Maduro as quickly as they did.

The remarks offer a more detailed public picture of how CIA cyber prowess helped U.S. forces locate and capture Maduro, expanding on earlier accounts from officials that acknowledged support without explaining the agency’s entire contribution.

Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Dan Caine previously acknowledged Cyber Command’s participation in the efforts and credited the CIA, National Security Agency and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency with supporting the Venezuela mission. He described months of intelligence collection on Maduro’s movements and daily routines, but did not directly identify the CIA cyber role Ellis outlined.

During the capture mission, multiple intelligence agencies established crisis action teams to support Special Operations Command and Southern Command. A U.S. official familiar with the operation previously said the NSA provided geolocation support and monitored communications and signals that could reveal troop movements or plans to activate radar.

Ellis discussed the operation in explaining the CIA’s recent decision to elevate CCI to a mission center, a change he said gave their cyber operators greater priority and helped align resources around intelligence needs.

The change has helped the agency “bring cyber operations to bear to solve these tough intelligence problems,” Ellis said. He did not specifically identify the systems targeted or explain how the cyber operations revealed Maduro’s location.

The CIA primarily executes and coordinates human intelligence gathering overseas, often done undercover. Officers recruit and manage foreign assets to clandestinely gather intelligence on areas like economics and terrorism threats. Much of that work has often involved the use of technology, including computer intrusions.

]]>

China is trying to steal US AI models' secrets, intel agencies warn

Alexandra Kelley — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 22:00:00 -0400

China is trying to glean the secrets of U.S. artificial-intelligence models by using simpler AI models to query more advanced American ones, national-security and intelligence agencies warned on Tuesday.

In a joint advisory, the National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation said that Chinese companies DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, Alibaba, MiniMax, StepFun and Z.AI used “aggressive, malicious, and targeted distillation” tactics to extract billions of tokens from the exchanges within U.S. frontier AI models since 2024, likely with Chinese government awareness.

Distillation is used to reduce the time and money needed to create a new model.

“China-based AI companies route distillation requests through multiple pathways to gain unauthorized access, consequently violating U.S. AI companies’ terms of use,” the advisory said. “These pathways include native application programming interfaces (APIs), remote cloud providers, and third-party aggregators that automatically obfuscate user metadata to avoid detection.”

It said the distillation campaigns targeted variants of Anthropic’s Claude, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, and SpaceXAI’s Grok.

“China-based AI companies deliberately distribute operations across multiple providers, platforms, and pathways to avoid single-point detection,” the advisory said. “They also attempt to distill the best capabilities and proprietary features of each U.S. frontier model to train their China-based AI models. This represents systematic extraction of proprietary functionalities and capabilities threatening U.S. technological leadership.”

The agencies recommended three steps for U.S. AI developers: implement comprehensive detection and mitigation, deploy targeted response changes, and establish cross-organization intelligence sharing.

White House Office of Science and Technology Director Michael Kratsios in July said Chinese distillation efforts — specifically ones by Moonshot AI — have sought to steal proprietary functions from Anthropic’s advanced Fable model. Anthropic made the same accusations in February.

Advocacy groups have also requested the White House take stronger action to keep Chinese companies from importing advanced semiconductor chips.

]]>

USAF speed up Reaper replacement after heavy losses in Iran

Thomas Novelly — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 17:15:30 -0400

The loss of dozens of MQ-9 Reapers to Iranian air defenses is speeding up the U.S. Air Force effort to replace its venerable strike-and-sensor remotely piloted aircraft with something cheaper yet better, service leaders say.

“As we get to the end of the MQ-9 life, there was some early talk of where do we want to go afterwards, and candidly, as a result of some of the losses that we've experienced in combat operations, that discussion sort of got accelerated,” said Lt. Gen. Christopher J. Niemi, the Air Force’s chief modernization officer, at a Thursday roundtable with reporters.

The service has lost at least 45 MQ-9s during Donald Trump’s war on Iran, roughly one-quarter of its fleet, the Washington Post reported in August. It’s not clear just how much that fleet cost, but an Air Force fact sheet puts the unit cost of one MQ-9 variant at $51 million in 2011 dollars—or nearly $82 million today.

Niemi said the service wants to buy at least 180 MQ-9 replacements, dubbed Massed Modular Aircraft, or MMA, and at a much cheaper price point. He said the price of one MMA should be about half of the $20 million Collaborative Combat Aircraft, whose first production contracts were awarded in June, four months ahead of schedule.

But those rough price goals—$20 million for a CCA, $10 million for an MMA—are for bare airframes, not the pricey sensors and systems that enable the drones to do their jobs.

As a service spokesperson put it later, the numbers “do not refer to total missionized costs.”

Niemi said this reflects lessons from past and ongoing wars.

“What we're seeing, in part based on our assessment of the threats around the world, and in part based on our real-world experience, is that you're going to lose more military hardware in future conflicts than you have historically, and that's what's driving us to this sort of fundamental principle that we need things that are easier to produce, cheaper to buy, and that we can afford to lose more of them,” he said. “Right now, we don't have a whole lot of that, so we're sort of trying to move the needle by bringing on things like MMA, so we have more options for the warfighter in the future.”

For that $10 million price tag, the service also wants an increased payload of 2,800 pounds and an unfueled combat radius of 2,300 nautical miles and 8,000 nautical miles for a one-way mission, according to a July Defense Innovation Unit solicitation. General Atomics, the Reaper’s manufacturer, has a souped-up version of the MQ-9, the SkyGuardian, which boasts a larger wingspan, range, and endurance. But top service officials don’t seem as likely to bet on it.

“One of the options that would be considered would be something like an MQ-9B, which is basically an updated and improved MQ-9A, but there are some reasons that we don't think that's the direction that we want to go as an Air Force,” Niemi said. “The main reason is, and and we're seeing this in our experience in the Middle East and as we look at threats around the world, that you need to have a portfolio of assets that's more attritable than the ones we've historically had.”

General Atomics spokesperson C. Mark Brinkley defended the Reaper’s service record and pointed out that the Air Force’s top uniformed leader has praised the aircraft’s use during Operation Epic Fury. He also said the company has worked with the Air Force “to hit cost targets for three decades” and that it would continue with other programs.

“The MQ-9’s unique combination of endurance, payload, range, sensors, weapons, connectivity, adaptability and reliability is precisely what enables mission effects that others struggle to replicate,” Brinkley said. “Today’s Reaper isn’t the same Reaper that rolled out 25 years ago. It’s been enhanced and upgraded many, many times. It’s also been called the MVP of Epic Fury, for good reason. We can debate many things, but at least we all agree that it’s a special aircraft that gets the job done.”

The Senate Armed Services Committee is backing the platform in its version of the 2027 National Defense Authorization Act by placing limits on how many can be retired and calls for more to be purchased by 2028.

General Atomics has also reportedly teased a new MMA offering with a 10,000-nautical-mile ferry range and claims that it can carry four Long Range Anti-Ship Missiles. Brinkely, while still defending the Reaper, also boosted its next-generation aircraft.

“Our new Wildfire aircraft addresses all of the concerns posed by the MMA solicitation. We can deliver years earlier and maintain the same high quality,” Brinkley said. “You can have everything that makes Reaper special, plus more, at a price that doesn’t break the bank. Reaper is special. Wildfire is special, too.”

]]>

July’s breakout at OpenAI was far more complex than initially realized

John Croxton — Fri, 04 Sep 2026 16:10:55 -0400

An AI breakout that made headlines in July was much more sophisticated than previously realized, investigators have found.

Hundreds of OpenAI agents collaborated to break out of their containers, disguising their actions and even sacrificing themselves as they attacked Hugging Face, a widely used open-source code library, according to a recent post from METR, a research nonprofit.

“This incident was orders of magnitude larger and more complex,” than previous instances of AI agents behaving in ways programmers didn’t intend, wrote METR researcher Ajeya Cotra, who co-led the investigation.

The report alarmed experts, who warned that AI-enabled hacks in the future could make the July breakouts involving Anthropic and OpenAI look quaint.

Even if the big AI companies figure out how to make reliable guardrails, their products are generally only a few months ahead of open-weight models, which can be freely downloaded and modified for use.

Nathan Calvin, general counsel at AI advocacy organization Encode AI, wrote on X, "On our current trajectory…a model as capable [as] OpenAI’s internal model that did the [Hugging Face] hack will be widely available guardrail free and cyber criminals will ask it ‘make me money by any means necessary.’”

Calvin added: "And then a truly absurd number of people…are going to get repeatedly hacked." The incident goes far beyond July's instances of AI agents accessing the internet, the METR researchers wrote. Hundreds of agents “developed a way to hack out of their containers and fully replace a part of the system for executing tool calls"—that is, commands to read and write files, access webpages, or perform other digital tasks.

"This allowed them to pretend to issue one tool call while actually running an arbitrary other tool call of their choice.” This meant that the AIs could pretend to run a command to, say, view a webpage, while actually running a totally different command, like deleting an unrelated file.

The researchers wrote that the agents weren’t intending to commit crimes, per se. Rather, they "seemed primarily motivated” to understand how to achieve the highest possible score during an experiment—including spending much of their time trying to fool the scoring mechanism into accepting cheats.

METR’s Cotra wrote, “Another jump like this could put us in very dangerous territory…in many ways we’ve still only scratched the surface of what these agents did and why.”

At Hugging Face, company engineers tried to use OpenAI tools to understand how their security was defeated by the agentic swarm, but were blocked by OpenAI's safeguards against misuse. So they turned to a Chinese open-weight model instead.

“The propensity to compromise infrastructure can drop over 100x when using the production ChatGPT harness and system prompt,” the company said in a statement after the hacks. Hugging Face co-founder and chief science officer Thomas Wolf wrote on X on August 5, “While we can impose these coping solutions at the API/deployment level, it's harder to impose them in advance on all actors using open-source models. Right now open-source models are slightly below the frontier level and have not yet shown any propensity to deceive humans, though.”

AI agents used for hacking could make it difficult for countries to determine who is behind new cyberattacks, because they strip out the stylistic clues investigators use to determine a hacker’s origins. Colin Shea-Blymyer, a research fellow at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology, said, “One of the ways that we can tell who performs an attack is by what tactics they use…like ‘Oh, that’s a classic Russian tactic. Oh, this looks like a tactic that a Chinese [actor] would use.’ If everybody’s using agents…using the same tactics, well, who knows who’s doing what any more?”

“If anonymity remains pretty high, I think it's potentially very destructive to have a lot of these models out there. That said, I'm not sure there's much we can do to stop it,” Shea-Blymyer said.

]]>

Back to life: How Shield AI’s future unmanned fighter made decades-old tech new again

Lauren C. Williams — Fri, 04 Sep 2026 06:00:00 -0400

LYNN, Mass.—Three decades ago, GE Aerospace tested a technology that could’ve made the F-16 more agile. It worked, but was never fielded. Instead, it sat in a box in a warehouse—until defense tech startup Shield AI called.

“They reached out to us and said…‘Do you still have that capability? And the truth is, we hadn't fielded it. After we did the demonstration, it basically went into storage,” said Steve “Doogie” Russell, VP and general manager of GE’s Edison Works. “And the solution that we've offered to Shield on that is an F110 engine with a nozzle in the back that we call the axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle, or AVEN.”

Not having to start from scratch on the technology was critical for saving time and speeding up flight testing for its collaborative combat aircraft, X-BAT, an autonomous fighter jet designed to take off and land vertically, Shiva Vallabhaneni, senior propulsion engineer for Shield AI, told Defense One.

“X-BAT always needed to have a thrust vector controlled capability to do vertical flight,” Vallabhaneni. “So we really went out and said…where can we get one? Is there technology that already exists?”

The aircraft “needs to be able to move quickly…in any direction,” GE’s Russell told reporters during a visit to the company’s factory here in Lynn.

That comes with a special set of propulsion requirements, so GE paired its 30-year-old AVEN nozzle with its F110 engine found in the F-16 fighter jet for the X-BAT.

The aircraft needs a high-thrust propulsion system “because you've got to be able to have that aircraft take off vertically and then, when it comes back, land at high thrust mode. It also needs to have really good gas mileages. So [thrust-specific fuel consumption], once it's up and away, needs to be able to hit the range requirements that they're trying to get,” Russell said.

And, he said, when it lands, it needs a nozzle “on the back that can move around to balance the aircraft as it's coming in to maneuver into position to dock back up. That's a pretty significant propulsion challenge and pretty unique.”

In under a year, the companies dusted off the AVEN nozzle, refurbished the original hardware, completely rewrote the software code, and have been testing it with the engine.

The hardware was in very good condition, and AVEN One, which is being used for the X-BAT prototype, has “close to 100 percent of the same hardware that was flown from the 90s,” Vallabhaneni said. “That was the biggest key unlock for getting us to an X-BAT prototype flight test this year—100 percent. In some ways, building that thrust vector control nozzle, verifying its technology, and doing it at the speed that we needed to is probably harder than getting an engine.”

The companies recently completed testing the engine integrated with the full AVEN nozzle at GE Aerospace’s test facility in Peebles, Ohio.

Now, the goal is to complete a tethered vertical flight test of the aircraft by the end of the year, to demonstrate that it can hover and remain stable.

Through data collected during testing, engineers can create models that will help develop vertical flight control laws, Vallabhaneni said.

During the planned test, the prototype aircraft will hang from a 180-foot crane to minimize risk. The test will be successful if slack in the tether is created during the hover.

“Shield AI—much like SpaceX, Rocket Lab, all of these other new space companies—the mindset is: be hardware rich, take risks because the faster we get to test, the faster we can learn what the real problems are. And so the tether gives peace of mind that we're buying off risk, but we're not buying off risk irresponsibly,” Vallabhaneni said.

But the AVEN nozzle won’t just be in the prototype—Shield AI plans to make more and eventually tweak the technology along the way. Building additional AVEN nozzles that keep the legacy design will help increase testing effort. And any future changes will likely focus on performance, Vallabhaneni said.

“Lighter, faster, more performance, right? Those are the things that we're going to go and chase and achieve on the future version of AVEN. So the journey doesn't stop here. This is the starting point, and it's really great that GE gave us a pretty great starting point back in the '90s,” he said.

“AVEN sat on the shelf for 30 years. I was born in Cincinnati, so I drive by the hospital I was born in every time I'm at GE—and…AVEN was built before I was born. So for me, it's very important to recognize all of the people who went and did that and built that within a year…We are giving those people their flowers and being able to pay that forward.”

]]>

White House pressure for US firms to skip French space summit is ‘unfortunate,’ insiders say

Thomas Novelly — Thu, 03 Sep 2026 19:08:13 -0400

A White House official warned U.S. space companies last week that if they attend an upcoming international summit in France, it might appear they’re supporting policies that go against their own country’s interests. Space advocates say the move discourages needed cooperation.

An industry insider told Defense One that Charles Powell, the assistant director for space and spectrum in the White House’s Office of Science and Technology policy, said in a call on Aug. 27 that space companies that attend next week’s International Space Summit in France “might be used as a prop to support policies counter to U.S. interests.” Politico, citing industry and Congressional sources, first reported the news on Thursday, and detailed that SpaceX, Stoke Space, K2 Space and Astra, which compete for civil and military space contracts, were among the companies on the call.

“This is all very unfortunate because France is a country we should be doing more space cooperation with, not less,” the industry insider said.

Space policy experts said the White House warning doesn’t make much sense because the U.S. government is attending the summit, France is a longtime NATO ally, and it is also investing in growing its military space capabilities. More than 120 countries are scheduled to attend next week’s summit in France, according to a government website.

White House spokespeople did not confirm whether Powell gave the warning and did not respond when asked for the rationale behind the call with U.S. space companies.

“The Trump administration continues to collaborate with allies and partners in space,” an Office of Science and Technology policy official told Defense One in a statement. “We look forward to productive conversations at the Space Summit on key priorities including science missions, exploration programs, and space security.”

SpaceX and Blue Origin are among the companies no longer attending the summit, French newspaper LeMonde reported.

"It's hard not to link it to the rumours of pressure," a ministry spokesperson told Agence France-Presse, LeMonde reported. "We obviously want to continue working with our US partners and allies, even though strategic about-turns and political pressures sometimes make the task needlessly complex," the spokesperson added.

Last year, French President Emmanuel Macron announced a nearly $5 billion increase in military space spending. Victoria Samson, the Secure World Foundation’s chief director of space security and stability, told Defense One that U.S. companies want to get in on that investment.

“I think it's a head-scratching decision, given that OSTP, State, Commerce, and NASA are all attending. Also given the huge recent investments by France and Germany in their military space capabilities, you would think U.S. companies would be falling over themselves to get in front of European decision makers,” Samson, who is also attending the summit, said. “This just reads like another short-sighted effort by the Trump administration to stir the pot with long-time European allies.”

]]>

Defense Business Brief: Takeaways from America’s first jet engine test site

Lauren C. Williams — Thu, 03 Sep 2026 04:24:20 -0400

LYNN, Mass.—Rosie the robot and her automated compatriot Thomas are the stars of GE Aerospace’s automated manufacturing line at the company’s factory here. Decked in yellow, the towering machines are reminiscent of the Transformer Bumblebee’s dislocated arms. They move in concert seamlessly to collect tools, machine parts, and assemble components for the T700, which are found in Boeing’s Apache and Sikorsky’s Black Hawks, and, in the future,T408 engines for the Marine Corps’ CH-53-K King Stallion.

It’s part of a multiyear $100 million investment in the plant, which is hyperfocused on upgrades—from machines to workflows—to make more engines and deliver them faster.

“This was historically a bottleneck for our businesses,” Dan Martin, who manages manufacturing engineering and leads a team charged with integrating robotics and automation inLynn plant, said of the piece of the business that makes rotating parts, like cooling plates. “We had quality issues here. We had capacity issues here. The robotics piece now comes online, and these lines are no longer constrained for us.”

That need to go fast will be key once the military starts putting in high-volume orders for collaborative combat aircraft, or robot wingmen for fighter jets.

“We're designing from the very beginning to meet the right production,” starting with small engines, Amy Gowder, GE Aerospace's president and CEO for its defense and systems division, told reporters Monday. For example, “we did a seven-way exercise, and we're like, ‘no, we need a tack time of 100 seconds for each [screw], not an hour and a half,” for 70 screws.

In addition to changing techniques and design practices, Gowder said the company is looking for suppliers that are “used to the high volumes we need.”

For the F404/F414 engine, which is found in the F/A-18, “we're trying to move to a different supply base that has different commercial off-the-shelf type standards that have operated at this volume,” she said. “And when we tell them we want to go from one engine a month to 20 engines a month in like six months or a year, that doesn't phase them because they're used to handling the volumes. Only when you get to like 100 engines a month do they start to say, ‘hey, I might need some some investments or capacity to meet that.’”

GE is also conducting “producibility reviews” as it brings on suppliers, she said.

“So we think we designed it correctly. We think we've chosen the right types of suppliers that have the capacity and processes we need, but as they actually get the drawing and figure out how they're going to make it for the first time, we're there with them [to review] other changes before we lock in that final design.”

Welcome

Next up: Hypersonic testing. The Pentagon’s innovation arm tapped GE Aerospace to develop a hypersonic test bed as part of the Hypersonic and High-Cadence Airborne Testing Capabilities, or HyCAT, program. The award follows one for a prototype in 2023. The first flight is targeted for 2028.

“This is a significant milestone for our hypersonics team,” where “we're the prime, but we're also providing a dual-mode ramjet,” which can make the vehicle go faster and further, while “working with a number of other platforms to provide an all-up round to support this high-cadence hypersonic testing capability,” Steve “Doogie” Russell, VP and general manager of GE’s Edison Works, told reporters.
But the company isn’t interested in developing a weapons system, Russell said.
“This is a case where we do have the ability to be the full integrator for this test bed project, but we're really focused on being a propulsion solution provider across this spectrum of activity. Same thing with the low-cost small-engine side of things.”
The engine-maker is working with several other companies, but declined to name them or discuss product ranges.
GE Aerospace also plans to use the solution to test other payloads, including engine upgrades, said Dean Modroukas, general manager of hypersonics.
“The best way to assess hypersonic systems is to make sure that you've got plenty of time in an operating mode that's relevant for things like thermal equilibrium, maneuverability,” Modroukas said. “HyCat is the second step of what we're doing to develop a test bed and test capability that allows us to bring our engines into flight. So we're always looking forward in terms of ways that we can learn quickly and through testing both on the ground, but end of the day, in a relevant environment, is [that] you want to be in the air.”

One more engine-related thing: The Navy certified Rolls-Royce’s mtu series 4000 and 2000 marine engines to power autonomous surface vessels.

]]>

The US may lack the engineers to rebuild space assets in a future war: RAND

Thomas Novelly — Wed, 02 Sep 2026 16:52:36 -0400

The defense industry would likely struggle to rebuild the U.S. military’s crucial space capabilities during a war with China or Russia because it will have too few skilled engineers to do the work, according to a new report from RAND.

Today, the country’s space-focused defense companies employ roughly 3 percent of its engineers, and competition for skilled personnel means many jobs go unfilled. If an adversary destroys space-based intelligence, targeting, and communications assets, that shortfall would likely keep the military from getting them back online quickly.

“Modern warfare relies on space-based capabilities; therefore, a key question is how quickly then United States can replace those capabilities during a conflict,” the report said. “Although much attention has focused on making these systems more resilient, far less has examined how fast they can be rebuilt after an attack, especially within 12 to 24 months. China and Russia have shown they can threaten or destroy U.S. space assets, potentially weakening U.S. and allied military operations across many domains. In a prolonged conflict, the ability to restore these capabilities on a short timeline could be critical.”

Various commissions have long warned that U.S. dependence on space could become a vulnerability. In recent years, concerns have arisen over Russian and Chinese nuclear anti-satellite weapons. Rebuilding devastated constellations could require more engineers than the country has available, RAND wrote.

While recent Space Force and White House initiatives aim to turn the tide, it doesn't match the demand the administration is putting on the military space industry and, ultimately, more creative solutions are needed to grow that workforce, the report said.

“Being able to reconstitute after a conflict is absolutely essential, and that's not just business as usual for people who are working in the space industry. That's a massive surge in production,” Alexandra Gerber, the report’s lead author, said in an interview. “Think like World War II, Rosie the Riveter, everybody's on the line, and this is not just you can teach somebody how to work in a factory after one day. The timelines for creating people to work in the space industry are much much longer than that. So, we need to be thinking about what the space workforce might need to look like to support reconstitution during a conflict, 10, 20, 30 years in advance. Not just six months.”

Software development, data analytics, and artificial intelligence will be compete for future engineers, the report said. It can take at least 15 years to develop some of the more highly-skilled, space-focused experts.

RAND researchers found “there are approximately 30,000 job openings per year for technicians and technologists, but only 11,000 individuals are credentialed annually. The space industrial base annual demand is approximately 5,000 of the annual openings (17 percent).” For the 244,000 assembly-related job fields hired for annually, there are only 13,000 people credentialed.

“The space industrial base constitutes about 11,000 (5 percent) of the annual openings for assemblers, and competition for the 13,000 credentialed workers will be fierce,” the report said.

Other major hurdles to growing the talent include security-clearance delays for six months or more, and a limited pool of qualified experts — foreign nationals hold 70 percent of electrical and computer engineering doctorates, making them unavailable from most national security-related work, the report said.

Gerbet told Defense One the workforce isn’t needed just for a possible wartime surge. Last month, the White House released a new space transportation policy which aims to reach “more than 1,000 launches and reentries” by 2030. Building new launch infrastructure to meet that demand requires more skilled workers.

“We're currently at about 200 launches per year in the U.S. And they're talking about timesing that by five, but who are the workers who are going to build all of this infrastructure to support that?,” Gerber said. “Then what happens if there is a conflict on top of that. Then you're talking about a double surge.”

Last week, President Donald Trump announced plans to create a U.S. Space Academy to “educate and train an entire generation of skilled service members, engineers, and civil operators.”

“Think about what the volume throughput of the space academy is likely to be. I mean, you're only talking about what, a couple hundred graduates a year,” Gerber said. “This is not sufficient, right? I mean, that's not really happening at a scale that would impact what we're talking about.”

RAND researchers recommended that the Space Force and Pentagon focus new policy on growing workforce development by funding additional internships and vocational, bachelor's, and advanced degree levels scholarships for science, technology, engineering, and math students, investing in fellowships, and promoting space engineering careers.

Researchers said the Space Force should also “allow Reserve Officers’ Training Corps graduates and specialized program scholars to fulfill service obligations by working in qualifying” space defense firms.

Additionally, researchers said the defense industry should also look to automation as a supplement to those workforce challenges.

“Notably absent from these discussions were mentions of process automation, robotics, or artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled productivity tools as means to reduce the inherent labor intensity of space manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing,” the report said. “Stakeholders appear to be addressing a structural productivity challenge primarily through volume-based hiring and training strategies and giving little weight to automation as a complementary surge enabler.”

]]>

Pentagon cyber strategy expected as soon as next week, sources say

David DiMolfetta — Wed, 02 Sep 2026 15:00:00 -0400

The Defense Department is expected to release its anticipated cyber strategy early next week, according to three people familiar with a plan that officials argue will more tightly integrate digital operations into U.S. military campaigns.

One predicted the strategy would be released Tuesday, though the other two said the date could change. All three spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the release.

The strategy has been under development for months by the office of Katie Sutton, the assistant defense secretary for cyber policy and principal cyber adviser to the secretary. It will be the department’s first overarching cyber framework since 2023 and is expected to be accompanied by an action plan.

Officials initially said it would be completed during the summer. Sutton told lawmakers in April that the strategy would seek to build “the most capable, lethal and agile cyber force in the world,” able to defend military networks, gain strategic advantage, and give the president more options to deter or defeat adversaries.

The plan is expected to center on three priorities Sutton outlined to Congress: integrating cyber capabilities across every domain of warfare, gaining an advantage over adversaries, and reorganizing the military’s cyber forces to improve their skill and agility.

A job posting on the website of defense and technology provider Parsons seeks support for the Pentagon’s cyber policy office and says the strategy’s action plan contains about nine strategic initiatives and 34 lines of effort. It’s not clear when the role was posted, and the specific initiatives’ contents are not disclosed in the description.

The approach would aim to further move cyber operations into routine military planning, meaning tools that can disrupt an enemy’s communications or computer systems would be planned alongside airstrikes and other conventional operations. Officials have cited recent Trump-era operations in Venezuela and Iran as examples of this integration.

The strategy will also translate the White House’s March cyber strategy into more specific military priorities and investments. That document pledged to deploy the government’s entire toolkit of offensive and defensive cyber capabilities, disrupt threats before they reach U.S. networks and impose greater consequences on foreign hackers.

The posture is not entirely new. The Pentagon’s 2023 strategy embraced “defend forward,” an approach that calls for confronting malicious cyber threats closer to the source of their operations. The new strategy is expected to emphasize delivering cyber options to combatant commanders and integrating them with conventional military power.

Artificial intelligence is also expected to feature prominently. Sutton said in June that the strategy would set a “clear and specific vision” for enabling AI across the cyber force, supported by coordination among Cyber Command, the Pentagon’s chief information office and its Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office.

The Pentagon and National Security Agency have been expanding access to commercial models that can find vulnerabilities and automate parts of cyber operations. NSA Deputy Director Tim Kosiba said last week that the agency wants access to “all the models” and is holding discussions with leading developers.

The efforts, broadly, are closely tied to Cyber Command 2.0, the Pentagon’s overhaul of how it recruits, trains and employs cyber personnel. The initiative emphasizes greater specialization and purpose-built teams, along with a Cyber Innovation Warfare Center intended to bring commercial technology directly to operators for testing.

The strategy arrives as officials continue grappling with myriad cyber threats to U.S. systems, including an apparently extensive Iran-linked campaign to access water systems and other critical infrastructure around the nation. The Defense Department has also begun an accelerated migration to quantum-resistant encryption, with a goal of protecting its highest-impact systems by 2030.

The administration separately moved last month to let vetted U.S. companies conduct government-approved operations against foreign cybercriminal groups. The initiative also raises questions about how the departments of Justice, Homeland Security and Defense will divide responsibilities and avoid interfering with one another’s cyber operations.

Contact Dave DiMolfetta on Signal: did.99

]]>

Some Navy subs are waiting years for shipyard work, and that’s costing billions of dollars

Lauren C. Williams — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 16:58:51 -0400

Maintenance delays have cost the Navy’s attack submarine fleet more than 41 years they could have been in operation—and those waiting to be taken out of service could cost more than $3 billion over the next five years, according to a recent watchdog report.

The main problem is that shipyards are simply overloaded with work, the Government Accountability Office wrote in an Aug. 27 report.

“The USS Pasadena entered inactive idle status on January 1, 2025 and is not expected to be inducted" into Puget Sound Naval Shipyard "for decommissioning until November 15, 2028 (1,414 days)—due to shipyard capacity constraints,” the report said. “During this time, the attack submarine is unable to be operational since its dive certification is expired, but is still fully crewed with sailors.”

In the meantime, the Navy is using the inactive submarine to train crews but its nearly-four-year delay is costing the services about $300 million in operating and support costs, according to the GAO’s analysis.

More than a dozen subs are currently at risk of heading down the same, costly path.

“Without mitigation, 15 attack submarines will enter inactive idle time from fiscal year 2026 through fiscal year 2030—during which time the Navy could incur more than 14,000 days of inactive idle time and $3.1 billion in costs to operate and support these inactive submarines,” the GAO found. “The U.S. Navy has not fully evaluated alternative options to more efficiently decommission attack submarines and develop and implement an inactivation plan that could allow them to reduce inactive idle time for crews and save billions.”

The report comes just months after the Navy decided to decommission USS Boise, a Los Angeles-class attack submarine, despite spending $1.6 billion on repairs. Last year, Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Daryl Caudle told lawmakers it was “unacceptable”.

Over the past decade, the Navy spent about $3.3 billion on idle Los Angeles-class boats, and about $835 million on idle Virginia-class boats—roughly $230,000 for every day a sub sits pierside waiting to be worked on, the report said.

The GAO submitted two recommendations: for the Navy to find “alternative options for decommissioning attack submarines,” including defueling outside of drydocks and reducing crewing for those waiting to be taken out of service; and create and execute a detailed plan that reduces inactive idle time.

The agency also sent two other recommendations, which DOD deemed sensitive. “The Navy, on behalf of DOD, verbally concurred with the recommendations in this report, but did not provide written comments,” the report said.

Correction: Due to an error in the GAO report, an earlier version of this report misstated which yard will decommission the USS Pasadena.

]]>

Stopgap funding bill temporarily extends key cyber info-sharing law

David DiMolfetta — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:12:00 -0400

The House approved a continuing resolution on Tuesday that funds federal agencies through Dec. 11 and extends key federal cybersecurity authorities and tech programs past their Sept. 30 expiration date, including the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015.

The legislation, part of a broader package that President Donald Trump is expected to soon sign to avert a fiscal year 2027 government shutdown before the midterm elections, temporarily prevents the cyber information-sharing law from sunsetting at the end of the month when the federal budget resets.

That law provides liability protections to private sector companies that voluntarily share cyber threat intelligence with agencies like the NSA or the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. Efforts to secure a long-term reauthorization for the law have faced repeated delays over the past year despite broad support from officials and industry. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chair Rand Paul Paul, R-Ky., has routinely pushed back on clean extensions of the law.

The key liability protections in the CISA 2015 law are designed to shield firms from lawsuits and regulatory penalties when sharing threat information with the government. That data often includes personal or proprietary information tied to individuals and companies affected in cyber intrusions.

Industry groups have consistently warned lawmakers that allowing the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act to lapse would create legal risks for companies sharing breach data, leading to a drop in private sector threat disclosures. Federal cyber officials have similarly stated that the loss of statutory authority would disrupt real-time threat intelligence sharing across public and private networks.

The spending measure extends several other federal IT and cyber authorities scheduled to expire on Sept. 30, including the Technology Modernization Fund, which provides capital for civilian agency IT upgrades. Around $5 million is authorized for the fund to continue approving and financing new agency tech modernization projects. Also extended is the Federal Cybersecurity Enhancement Act, which authorizes the National Cybersecurity Protection System for federal network intrusion detection.

]]>

House defers potential shutdown with a stopgap spending bill

Jory Heckman — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 15:00:00 -0400

The House approved a stopgap spending bill on Tuesday that will keep the federal government funded through early December, taking a government shutdown off the table until after midterm elections this fall.

The House voted 370-48 to pass a continuing resolution that will keep the federal government funded through Dec. 11.

The continuing resolution includes a provision that temporarily blocks the Office of Management and Budget’s proposed rule that would put federal grant funding under review by political appointees. It also includes language that would prevent the Trump administration from transferring funds from other programs to Border Patrol.

The Senate passed the stopgap spending bill in a 90-6 vote in July before leaving for its summer recess.

Federal employees dealt with the longest government shutdown in history last year, followed by the longest partial shutdown, which affected the Homeland Security Department. Both shutdowns led to federal workers missing paychecks.

House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., told reporters Tuesday morning ahead of votes that Congress is “going to avoid the threat” of another government shutdown.

“On this CR we'll take up, it simply holds funding steady at current levels through Dec. 11, as Republicans work to complete the full-year appropriations process,” Johnson said.

The stopgap spending bill gives Congress more time to reach a deal on a comprehensive spending package for fiscal 2027. So far, the House has passed three of 12 spending bills that make up a comprehensive spending plan. The Senate has passed none.

House Appropriations Committee Chairman Tom Cole, R-Okla., said, “The fiscal-year deadline is outpacing the work that remains” but that the continuing resolution will ensure constituents “will continue to get the services they need.”

“This will allow Congress time to get past the November elections, and allow us time to assess and move forward with further appropriations measures in November and December,” Cole said.

House Appropriations Committee Ranking Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn. said the CR is a “marked improvement” from an earlier version that would have kept the government funded through Dec. 4 but would not have blocked OMB’s proposed rule.

“The continuing resolution we are considering today is in no way a substitute for the full-year funding process. It is merely a means to complete this important work while averting a lapse in government funding,” DeLauro said.

The House passed the previous Dec. 4 CR largely along party lines, with Republicans overwhelmingly voting in favor. House Democratic leaders rejected the earlier stopgap spending bill, but House Democratic Caucus Chairman Pete Aguilar, D-Calif., said this latest version would receive “broad bipartisan support."

Vice Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus Ted Liu, D-Calif., said he would vote for the CR, “even though doing CRs is a stupid way to run government.”

“It is not a good way to run our federal government. But it's the only alternative that's gonna be put before us,” Lieu said.

]]>

‘Change agent’ Army secretary resigns

Patrick Tucker — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:41:32 -0400

Dan Driscoll, whom President Donald Trump in 2024 hailed as “a disruptor and change agent,” has resigned as secretary of the Army.

The move was first reported by the Wall Street Journal. A source directly familiar with the matter confirmed the news and said Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s purging of generals who were tied to Driscoll’s innovation and transformation efforts was a primary cause for the resignation.

“Driscoll brought up concerns with the administration surrounding Army transformation and readiness, and Hegseth's blocking those efforts, specifically by firing the generals who were responsible,” the source said.

A former Army Ranger who led a platoon with the 10th Mountain Division, Driscoll graduated from Yale Law School and worked in investment banking before the White House tapped him as the Army’s top civilian leader.

In the post, he worked closely with a tight set of uniformed military leaders to push a reform agenda across the Army. Those leaders included: Army Chief Gen. Randy George; Gen. David Hodne, commander of Transformation and Training Command; Army Vice Chief of Staff Gen. James Mingus; and Gen. Christopher Donahue, commander of U.S. Army Europe and Africa—all of whom Hegseth has pushed out or removed.

Sen. Jack Reed, D-R.I, in a statement, said that he did not welcome the news. “I am alarmed that Secretary Driscoll’s leadership of the Army stands in stark contrast to Secretary Hegseth’s disastrous tenure atop the Defense Department.”

“We cannot fucking wait.”

Driscoll launched his reform agenda, the Army Transformation Initiative, in May 2025—an agenda informed, at least in part, by Ukraine’s experience rapidly innovating new technologies to resist Russia’s invasion.

“When you look at Ukraine, [they] have not accepted the current version of a thing as sufficient, and they have MacGyvered and come up with whatever they have to do to get to an outcome they need,” he told Pentagon reporters last November.

The key elements of Driscoll’s agenda included integrating artificial intelligence into decision making; pushing more purchasing, equipping, and equipment modification powers down the chain of command, closer to actual warfighters; deploying modernized drone formations; and addressing what he described as a “gap” in counter-drone technology.

“I am publicly on record saying we are learning a lot from them, and we are changing a lot of the lessons that they have taught us,” he said of Ukraine’s military.

In a peppery AUSA address last October, Driscoll described the urgency of transforming the United States Army. “We will win with silicon and software and not our soldiers’ bodies… No one can predict the next war, but we cannot wait, we cannot fucking wait to innovate until Americans are dying on the battlefield.”

Following the ouster of Gen. George, new acting chief Gen. Christopher LaNeve ordered a battalion that had been working with Ukrainians to integrate lessons learned from drone warfare to return to being a traditional infantry battalion.

]]>

We can buy more weapons. We can’t buy more time.

Todd Harrison — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:26:28 -0400

The munitions shortage caused by the Iran War is real and growing. While the precise magnitude of the shortfall is uncertain, the question now is how quickly the window of vulnerability can be closed. With no apparent path for passing a supplemental or regular appropriations bill by Oct. 1, the Pentagon will likely spend at least the first quarter of fiscal 2027 under a continuing resolution. The debate over what happens next will naturally focus on how much funding Congress ultimately provides, but for the munitions the military urgently needs, money is only one scarce resource. The other is time, and the two are fundamentally different. After the election, Congress can fund what it did not in FY 2026, but it cannot buy back the time lost.

The Pentagon’s own budget documents reveal the unforgiving timelines. The published procurement lead time—the time it takes from when an order is placed to when the first delivery arrives—is 31 months for the much-needed PAC-3 Missile Segment Enhancement (MSE) interceptor, 34 months for the most recent lot of THAAD interceptors, and 40 months for Tomahawk Block Va. If appropriations are enacted in December and new orders placed immediately, the MSE missiles would begin to arrive no earlier than roughly July 2029, THAAD interceptors in October 2029, and Tomahawks in April 2030.

Those dates presume that contracts are ready to be signed and everything downstream proceeds as planned. But if FY 2027 appropriations follow recent trends and slip to March or later, all else being equal, every date shifts three months or more to the right. A dollar appropriated in December and one appropriated in March may look identical in the final fiscal-year total, but to a production line waiting to expand, they are not the same at all.

That is why the details of a continuing resolution matter more this year than the topline suggests. CRs do not shut down existing production lines, but they typically restrict new starts and increases in production rates. The White House specifically asked Congress to exempt several munitions from some of these restrictions, including PAC-3 MSE and Tomahawk. Neither the House nor the Senate version includes that anomaly language. As written, the CR would prevent DoD from executing some of the planned FY 2027 quantity increases until Congress provides additional funding authority—potentially months of delay.

A second issue is that the administration made the timing problem harder by putting much of its munitions surge in a separate legislative vehicle. Of the original $350 billion FY 2027 reconciliation request, about $57 billion is allocated for procurement and research and development of munitions and interceptors. But the House-passed budget resolution provides only $60 billion in reconciliation for defense, far short of the request, and the Senate has yet to move it. If reconciliation stalls or is insufficient to carry munitions funding, the only remaining options are to squeeze it into an already full base budget or an FY 2027 supplemental—both of which are fraught with political challenges.

A third issue is the mismatch between the political calendar and the production calendar. This is not a buildup for the current administration or Congress. These weapons will not arrive until after President Trump leaves office—and too late for even the next Congress to see the first deliveries. Orders placed in FY 2027 for these munitions will not lead to deliveries until 2029 at the earliest. The 119th Congress is being asked to act today for the benefit of the next administration and the 121st Congress. That separation makes delay easy to discount politically, but it does not make delay less consequential strategically.

The military and industry can work to shorten these lead times. The military can buy new types of munitions designed for manufacturability at scale and speed. Both DoD and industry can invest in expanded production capacity, diversified supply chains, and pre-purchasing of long-lead-time parts. Much of this is already planned, although DoD has not been especially transparent about how the $92 billion of industrial-base funding it requested would support specific weapons programs. The framework agreements reached with industry set the stage for this surge, but each of these actions requires funding and takes time to yield results—and the procurement clock does not start until Congress acts.

The most certain way to speed things up is to stop delaying, and that responsibility rests with Congress. Every month that passes without funding and authority to ramp production of key munitions extends the window of vulnerability. Congress could get the process moving now in three ways: 1) add language to the final CR allowing critical munitions orders to proceed; 2) identify which reconciliation-funded munitions to move into regular appropriations or a supplemental; and 3) require DoD to publish a crosswalk connecting industrial-base investments to specific programs. Congress should debate how much money these programs deserve and which ones come first. But delay is the one choice it cannot reverse. The next Congress can make up for many of the things this Congress fails to deliver, but it cannot make up for time lost.

]]>

The US military gets its own ChatGPT today

Patrick Tucker — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 09:00:00 -0400

Updated: 5:29 p.m.

The Pentagon’s main portal for AI tools now offers ChatGPT and Grok for Government alongside Google Gemini.

A Defense Department official said the OpenAI product, dubbed ChatGPT Mil, would bring new strengths to GenAI.mil, where troops and defense civilians can use generative-AI tools to work on controlled, unclassified information, or CUI.

“Gemini, I like for search functionality or scraping certain sources. Chat for more, like, text-based work,” said the official, who requested anonymity to speak before the official announcement on Monday. “We want to have access to all these different models, so people, if they prefer one for a certain task, they can use it.”

Work began in February to create a version of ChatGPT that could be used for CUI. In June, an OpenAI official said they believed it would be deployed in “early July.”

A DOD press release slated for release today said ChatGPT Mil would bring “a familiar commercial experience into the Department’s secure environment, tailored to warfighter needs...ChatGPT Mil supports document-heavy unclassified work across the Department, including planning, policy, logistics, and administration, and is built for scale to support more than 3 million Department personnel. This deployment accelerates routine tasks and frees up time for more critical projects across the Joint Force.”

One OpenAI official, who requested anonymity to speak before the official announcement, offered ideas for how the military might use its special version of ChatGPT. Operators at Northern Command might use it to streamline planning, resource allocation, or disaster response with FEMA or other parts of the federal government. Or the Joint Staff’s logistics directorate might use it to simplify paperwork and documentation. The official also suggested that logisticians at combatant commands “would be a natural audience, with uses such as reconciling supply and maintenance updates, drafting transportation requirements.”

In background talks, OpenAI and Pentagon officials said they don’t want to use models on the GenAI.mil platform for combat. The Pentagon has argued that they should be able to use AI products as they like, a sticking point in disagreements between the department and AI model maker Anthropic. And OpenAI has said that ChatGPT’s need for connectivity and large amounts of computing power doesn’t make it a good fit for combat anyway. The department is continually testing and seeking a number of other tools for those types of operations and actions.

Customized for security

Like the GenAI.mil version of Gemini, the military version of ChatGPT has additional security functions built in.

“When you're dealing with CUI within the department, it's obvious this is stuff that cannot be on a commercial model. We have to build it in a separate sort of environment. So it's engineered in a way to be separate from the commercial model,” said the defense official.

Prepping a frontier model for use on GenAI.mil is an “arduous” process, said one former defense official who was involved in such tests. It requires building out the “environment”—that is, finding the compute resources, keeping track of the users and their unique security conditions, compiling the data that the model will use, and anticipating the sorts of requests that users may have.

“Think of having to pass security guardrails for both DISA [Defense Information Systems Agency] and the NSA,” the former defense official said.

As DISA builds the environment, NSA looks for ways that attackers might invade it—or the model might escape it, the official said.

The Pentagon launched GenAI.mil on Dec. 9 with one tool: Google’s Gemini. Around the same time, Pentagon officials signed an agreement to bring Elon Musk’s xAI tool to the platform, but no formal deployment has since been announced. On Monday, the Pentagon announced that Grok for Government, an AI product of Musk's Starshield AI, was now available on GenAI.mil.

Joe Larson, who leads OpenAI’s government sales, said, “ChatGPT on GenAI.mil will make unclassified work throughout the Department more efficient, freeing up time and resources so DoD personnel can focus on the mission. This integration is grounded in our national security principles, pairing access to powerful tools with clear safeguards, meaningful human judgment, and accountability for high-stakes decisions. We’re excited to see what the Department’s extraordinary workforce builds with it.”

]]>

Here’s what Trump’s new ‘Space Academy’ could mean for the US military

Thomas Novelly — Fri, 28 Aug 2026 16:32:46 -0400

President Donald Trump’s mandate for a new “Space Academy” puts defense leaders under a NASA-led initiative that could mean military service requirements for the future school's graduates.

Trump signed the executive order on Friday at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston during a ceremony where he presented the Congressional Space Medal of Honor to the four crew members who are to take the Artemis II spacecraft around the Moon. It appoints a commission, including Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and Air Force Secretary Troy Meink and chaired by NASA administrator Jared Isaacman, to “strengthen the nation’s space workforce” by planning for a new national academy.

“Given the rapid growth of the U.S. Space Force and commercial space industry, and the expansion of our ambitions to the Moon and far beyond the Moon, it’s clear we will need to educate and train an entire generation of skilled service members, engineers, and civil operators,” Trump said at the ceremony.

The idea of a Space Academy isn’t new, but one defense expert told Defense One it’s unclear how a new institution would further the administration’s military space-related ambitions. The Space Force does not lack for recruits, although its civilian workforce was cut during last year’s federal workforce purge. Currently, the Space Force commissions new officers through the Air Force Academy, ROTC, or Officer Training School. Friday’s executive order instructs the commission to consider imposing military-service requirements on academy graduates.

The order calls for an evaluation of “service obligations for graduates, including service in the armed forces” and explores “prerequisites for applicants, including citizenship status, security clearances, and government employment or military status.”

Air Force officials declined to comment and clarify details of the executive order. White House spokespeople did not immediately respond when asked for details and how a Space Academy would interact with the armed services and officer-commissioning pathways. The commission has 120 days to submit a report to Trump “proposing key details” to establish the Space Academy.

A White House fact sheet said the Space Academy will “combine rigorous technical education with leadership development and public service, preparing graduates for careers supporting America’s military, civil, and broader space enterprise.”

“In the years ahead, we will return NASA astronauts to the lunar surface, build the Moon Base, get underway on nuclear power, ignite the orbital economy and launch more missions of science and discovery,” NASA’s Isaacman said in a news release. “I have no doubt that so much of the future talent that will graduate and contribute to these exciting endeavors will be educated at the United States Space Academy.”

The Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025, the conservative think tank’s playbook for the Trump administration, pitched the idea of creating a “Space Force Academy.”

“Explore creation of a Space Force Academy to attract top aero–astro students, engineers, and scientists and develop astronauts,” the playbook read. “The academy could be attached initially to a large existing research university like the California Institute of Technology or MIT, share faculty and funding, and eventually be built separately to be on par with the other service academies.”

Todd Harrision, the American Enterprise Institute’s defense budget and space expert, called the executive order “out of left field” and fears it will further muddy civilian and military roles.

“NASA, the Space Force, and the intel space agencies—they all have very well-defined lanes and responsibilities and areas of expertise,” Harrison said. “Intermingling them like this does not sound like a good idea.”

Harrison also questioned the idea of a government-run “Space Academy” when there’s world-class private and public universities that produce top-notch aerospace and engineering students. The Space Force recruits from such schools under its University Partnership Program.

Trump’s push to bolster space-related careers comes as the Space Force works to rebuild its civilian workforce after the administration’s hasty cuts last year.Officials have been aggressively trying to hire talent to manage a requested $71.3 billion service budget, which would be the largest year-on-year increase, by percentage, for any military service branch since 1952, according to a report from the Aerospace Corporation.

The Space Force hasn’t struggled to hit its uniformed recruiting goals. Service leaders have pitched plans to double the number of its guardians. Harrison said it’s not clear how the Space Academy aligns with those realities.

“It’s not consistent with the other workforce changes the administration has been making,” Harrison said. “It doesn’t appear there is a clear need for this. The other thing too is … they’re going to need authorization and funding from Congress to actually do this. So, what is their plan there?”

]]>

Can AI help the Marines simplify sustainment in the Pacific?

Jennifer Hlad — Fri, 28 Aug 2026 15:50:49 -0400

When a Marine planner is trying to determine whether a deployed unit has everything it needs, they must query several separate databases while cross-referencing supply levels, maintenance records, and more to create a spreadsheet. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific, is hoping an AI-powered logistics platform can make that process much faster and easier.

Defense tech company Tagup on Thursday announced a modification to its $2.1 million Small Business Innovation Research contract that will extend the use of its Manifest platform to certain theater sustainment cases in support of MARFORPAC. The platform is already being used by a handful of Marine units at the tactical and operational levels—and the company said its application in Marine medical logistics has resulted in a 25 percent reduction in purchasing costs and a 30 percent reduction in materiel handled, “with no compromise to readiness.”

Jon Garrity, CEO and co-founder of Tagup, said Manifest pulls from a variety of data sources to help Marines decide “what materiel, what resources do you posture where and when, and ultimately tying it back to measures of output or outcomes.”

On the supply side, it looks at the industrial base, he said. “We loaded over 4 million vendors in platform, we’ve got over 16 million parts represented. What are the lead times for each of those? How do we think about that? What are the locations of those vendors? What are the sources of supply?…and then the demand side is also, of course, critical.”

Historically, Garrity said, “at a theater level, a lot of this analysis was done at a headquarters level, not driven from the micro data. Imagine, for ground vehicles, you have every single maintenance action that’s ever been taken....That’s not used, generally speaking, to build theater-level [courses of action], and so that’s now the opportunities. Hey, we have technology and capability, AI capabilities that allow us to take the micro data, every single service request, every bit of inventory on the demand side, and then connect it to the supply side. What do we have? Where is it? Where’s the industrial base to be able to connect the two?”

Sustaining forces that are spread across the vast Indo-Pacific is a challenge, a MARFORPAC spokesperson told Defense One via email. “Marine units are highly dispersed, which intensifies standard logistics friction points.”

To overcome that challenge, the command “is testing how a unified logistics decision-support tool might automate” the data aggregation that could otherwise take several days of work, “to see if the software can ingest those disparate data streams and generate comparative courses of action—quantifying the impacts on readiness, cost, and operational risk—in near real-time or a matter of hours.”

Garrity said Manifest can also help Marines better use the materiel they send forward, “so as a result, you’re maintaining higher levels of readiness for the end items that that materiel supports, you’re… making better use of the space available on a [deployed ship], and you’re typing up less capital, less cash, in the materiel that’s not being used effectively.”

The platform, which the company calls “an AI-powered multidimensional logistics decision engine” has a conversational AI interface called Argus that allows users to ask questions “and explore scenarios in plain language.”

]]>

A Pacific conflict may not look like conventional war, SOCPAC commander says

Jennifer Hlad — Fri, 28 Aug 2026 15:01:51 -0400

HONOLULU—The better the U.S. gets at fighting in conventional ways, the more likely it is that adversaries will avoid a conventional conflict, the head of Special Operations Command Pacific said.

But that doesn’t mean they will avoid a fight altogether, Army Brig. Gen. Michael Rose said at the Indo-Pacific Irregular Warfare Symposium here last week.

“If an adversary believes that a direct military confrontation with the United States or our allies is likely to end badly for them, that doesn’t necessarily make competition disappear. It changes how the adversaries will compete with us. They look for seams. They operate below thresholds. They exploit ambiguity. They use proxies, information, economic coercion, cyber capabilities, maritime forces, and other asymmetric approaches to achieve objectives without presenting us with a conventional fight for which we are preparing. In other words, our conventional superiority can actually increase the incentive for our adversaries to employ irregular warfare,” he said.

So, in a theater where the phrase “deterrence is our highest duty” is nearly as common as aloha shirts at military functions, how should the U.S. approach technology and competition?

“We must be able to outfight and outthink our adversaries,” and taking an irregular warfare approach to autonomy can help, Rose said.

That means moving “beyond autonomous systems towards autonomous campaigning, moving beyond exquisite systems toward distributed networks, moving beyond U.S. capability toward allied and partner ecosystems, moving beyond conventional deterrence to deterrence through resilience and denial, and moving beyond asking how many autonomous systems will help us win a future war, and instead asking how they can help us shape today’s competition.”

In the Indo-Pacific, he said, the “fundamental problem” is scale. The distances are too vast, the number of strategically important locations too numerous for persistent presence. But autonomy “potentially changes that equation.”

But military leaders must not rush to buy cool new tech without first identifying the problem they want to solve, said Maj. Gen. Jeffrey Van Antwerp, who turned over command of SOCPAC to Rose earlier this month and now leads the Army’s 25th Infantry Division.

“You can get caught up in trying to get the better technology, but you haven’t done the fundamental things to be able to leverage that technology well,” Van Antwerp said. “We don’t have the time just to experiment without established objectives.”

Adm. Frank Bradley, who leads U.S. Special Operations Command, outlined the challenge at the start of the symposium: “We face an increasingly weaponized cyber domain, a virtual domain that is transpiring and transmuting across our societies, an increasingly challenged space-based surveillance environment, a contested electromagnetic spectrum, and a rapidly emerging agent-driven artificial intelligence challenge to our security of our digital ecosystems.”

The next day, as the symposium came to a close, deputy INDOPACOM commander Marine Lt. Gen. George Rowell reiterated the trends Paparo believes are reshaping modern conflict. The megatrend that includes all three is “the absolute dominance of information in decision superiority,” he said.

“Our forces must be organized to observe, orient, decide, act, and learn faster than the adversary. Whoever can do that, whoever can adopt that mindset, whoever can adopt those technologies and training fastest will certainly win the day.”

]]>