Latest 40 records. Data source: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/https://hdl.handle.net/10568/16814https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstreams/0c83f982-17ee-437e-8ae9-c09536c5a3d3/download2026-05-01T11:55:48Z2026-05-01T11:55:48Z40100701Sayedi, Sayedeh SaraSingh, Kunwar K.Fabrizio, Mary C.Nepal, Santoshhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1827262026-05-01T08:41:24Z2026-01-13T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Anthropogenic Drivers and Their Impact on the Hydrological Regime of Nepal: A Review dc.contributor.author: Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara; Singh, Kunwar K.; Fabrizio, Mary C.; Nepal, Santosh dcterms.abstract: Nepal’s hydrological regime, shaped by steep topography, monsoon-dominated rainfall, and extensive cryospheric systems, offers a useful testbed for understanding how climate change and human activities are reshaping water resources in mountain regions globally. Despite abundant water sources, Nepal faces persistent water security challenges driven by extreme seasonality, rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and rapid land-use change. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on anthropogenic drivers of hydrological change in Nepal and draw lessons relevant to other data-sparse, high-mountain and monsoon-influenced regions. We find that warming-induced glacial retreat, altered snowmelt timing, and changing monsoon dynamics are intensifying wet-season flood risks while heightening dry-season water scarcity, patterns increasingly observed across the Himalaya, Andes, and other mountain systems. Human activities, including urban expansion, agricultural intensification, hydropower, and extraction of sediments from rivers, further modify river flows, reduce groundwater recharge, and increase vulnerability to extremes. Yet major uncertainties persist, especially concerning high-elevation hydrology, permafrost dynamics, sediment extraction, and the cumulative impacts of expanding infrastructure. Nepal’s pronounced topographic and climatic gradients limit broad generalizations, underscoring the need for region-specific hydrological monitoring and modeling. These challenges mirror global limitations in mountain hydrology, where sparse observations and rapidly changing conditions constrain predictive capacity. By identifying key knowledge gaps and highlighting cascading impacts on agriculture, hydropower, domestic water supply, and aquatic ecosystems, this review emphasizes the urgency of strengthening monitoring networks and integrating uncertainty into water management and climate adaptation strategies. Nepal’s experience offers broader insights for countries facing similar pressures at the intersection of climate change, development, and fragile mountain water systems. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-01-13T00:00:00ZSayedi, Sayedeh SaraSingh, Kunwar K.Fabrizio, Mary C.Nepal, SantoshNepal’s hydrological regime, shaped by steep topography, monsoon-dominated rainfall, and extensive cryospheric systems, offers a useful testbed for understanding how climate change and human activities are reshaping water resources in mountain regions globally. Despite abundant water sources, Nepal faces persistent water security challenges driven by extreme seasonality, rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and rapid land-use change. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on anthropogenic drivers of hydrological change in Nepal and draw lessons relevant to other data-sparse, high-mountain and monsoon-influenced regions. We find that warming-induced glacial retreat, altered snowmelt timing, and changing monsoon dynamics are intensifying wet-season flood risks while heightening dry-season water scarcity, patterns increasingly observed across the Himalaya, Andes, and other mountain systems. Human activities, including urban expansion, agricultural intensification, hydropower, and extraction of sediments from rivers, further modify river flows, reduce groundwater recharge, and increase vulnerability to extremes. Yet major uncertainties persist, especially concerning high-elevation hydrology, permafrost dynamics, sediment extraction, and the cumulative impacts of expanding infrastructure. Nepal’s pronounced topographic and climatic gradients limit broad generalizations, underscoring the need for region-specific hydrological monitoring and modeling. These challenges mirror global limitations in mountain hydrology, where sparse observations and rapidly changing conditions constrain predictive capacity. By identifying key knowledge gaps and highlighting cascading impacts on agriculture, hydropower, domestic water supply, and aquatic ecosystems, this review emphasizes the urgency of strengthening monitoring networks and integrating uncertainty into water management and climate adaptation strategies. Nepal’s experience offers broader insights for countries facing similar pressures at the intersection of climate change, development, and fragile mountain water systems.Varshney, DeepakMukherji, AditiSharma, KritiBanerjee, AnuragSikka, Alokhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1827182026-04-30T04:53:29Z2026-03-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Solar Irrigation and Just Energy Transitions in Agriculture: Insights from Evaluation of Gujarat’s SKY Program dc.contributor.author: Varshney, Deepak; Mukherji, Aditi; Sharma, Kriti; Banerjee, Anurag; Sikka, Alok dcterms.abstract: Set against the backdrop of reducing agricultural emissions, improving smallholder livelihoods, and promoting sustainable groundwater use, this paper evaluates the Surya Shakti Kisan Yojana (SKY)—the world's first largescale grid-connected solar irrigation pump (SIP) scheme, launched in Gujarat, India in 2018. Using real-time monitoring data from 4321 farmers and a primary survey of 2435 farmers, the study addresses three core objectives. First, it examines the determinants of SKY participation and evaluates the scheme's technical performance, financial features, and income effects. Our findings reveal that financial constraints and risk aversion among smallholder farmers hinder scheme adoption. Farmers earn up to ₹ 21,917 (~USD 257) annually from electricity sales—43 % of their crop income—even after repaying an annual loan of ₹ 105,000 (~USD 1235). The simulation suggests that extending the loan repayment period from 7 to 10 years could nearly double farmers' income from energy sales. Second, the study assesses SKY's impact on energy use for groundwater extraction. During the Rabi (dry) season, SKY-enrolled farmers show significantly slower growth in energy consumption than non-enrolled farmers, indicating more sustainable water use. No such difference is observed in the Kharif (monsoon) season. Third, it estimates SKY's climate mitigation potential. Each participant offsets about 12.34 metric tons of CO2 annually—over twice the impact of off-grid systems—yielding 53,308 metric tons of CO2 abatement across 4321 farmers. These findings demonstrates grid-connected SIP as a scalable, climate-aligned model for energy transitions in the Global South, offering practical insights for integrated energy-water-livelihood strategies.

2026-03-01T00:00:00ZVarshney, DeepakMukherji, AditiSharma, KritiBanerjee, AnuragSikka, AlokSet against the backdrop of reducing agricultural emissions, improving smallholder livelihoods, and promoting sustainable groundwater use, this paper evaluates the Surya Shakti Kisan Yojana (SKY)—the world's first largescale grid-connected solar irrigation pump (SIP) scheme, launched in Gujarat, India in 2018. Using real-time monitoring data from 4321 farmers and a primary survey of 2435 farmers, the study addresses three core objectives. First, it examines the determinants of SKY participation and evaluates the scheme's technical performance, financial features, and income effects. Our findings reveal that financial constraints and risk aversion among smallholder farmers hinder scheme adoption. Farmers earn up to ₹ 21,917 (~USD 257) annually from electricity sales—43 % of their crop income—even after repaying an annual loan of ₹ 105,000 (~USD 1235). The simulation suggests that extending the loan repayment period from 7 to 10 years could nearly double farmers' income from energy sales. Second, the study assesses SKY's impact on energy use for groundwater extraction. During the Rabi (dry) season, SKY-enrolled farmers show significantly slower growth in energy consumption than non-enrolled farmers, indicating more sustainable water use. No such difference is observed in the Kharif (monsoon) season. Third, it estimates SKY's climate mitigation potential. Each participant offsets about 12.34 metric tons of CO2 annually—over twice the impact of off-grid systems—yielding 53,308 metric tons of CO2 abatement across 4321 farmers. These findings demonstrates grid-connected SIP as a scalable, climate-aligned model for energy transitions in the Global South, offering practical insights for integrated energy-water-livelihood strategies.Salmawobil, JosephZane, GiuliaAppiah, SarahGbodji, Kekeli KofiAkosua, RichealTaron, AvinandanBuisson, Marie-Charlottehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1827072026-05-01T01:08:41Z2026-04-29T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Business Case: Sustainable Tilapia Aquaculture in the North East Region of Ghana dc.contributor.author: Salmawobil, Joseph; Zane, Giulia; Appiah, Sarah; Gbodji, Kekeli Kofi; Akosua, Richeal; Taron, Avinandan; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte dcterms.abstract: The report presents a business case for tilapia cage aquaculture in small reservoirs in the Northeast Region of Ghana. It responds to declining capture fisheries, limited access to affordable protein, and underutilized water resources in a region where water is scarce, and poverty and food insecurity are high. Piloted in 2023-2025 by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in partnership with the CSIR Water Research Institute and the Fisheries Commission of Ghana, four youth-led aquaculture groups were established and supported with inputs, training, and technical assistance. Findings show that the model is technically feasible, socially inclusive, and environmentally compatible with other reservoir uses. The Business Model Canvas highlights strong partnerships, clear value propositions (fresh, high-quality fish), and diversified revenue streams, though costs, especially feed and labor, remain high. The SWOT analysis identifies key strengths such as trained members and strong teamwork, while weaknesses include limited finances, high input costs, and logistical constraints. Cost-benefit analysis reveals that initial production cycles were not profitable once full costs (including labor) were considered, mainly due to inefficiencies such as poor feed management, inaccurate weighing, and post-harvest losses. However, correcting these inefficiencies could significantly improve outcomes, with some groups reaching break-even or profitability. Long-term projections indicate strong potential: at realistic market prices, the model achieves positive net present value and favorable benefit-cost ratios, suggesting financial viability over time. Overall, the study concludes that small-reservoir aquaculture can become a scalable, inclusive livelihood model. Key recommendations include reducing input costs (e.g., local feed production), strengthening infrastructure and market access, and continuing technical support to improve efficiency and sustainability. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Sustainable Animal and Aquatic Foods

2026-04-29T00:00:00ZSalmawobil, JosephZane, GiuliaAppiah, SarahGbodji, Kekeli KofiAkosua, RichealTaron, AvinandanBuisson, Marie-CharlotteThe report presents a business case for tilapia cage aquaculture in small reservoirs in the Northeast Region of Ghana. It responds to declining capture fisheries, limited access to affordable protein, and underutilized water resources in a region where water is scarce, and poverty and food insecurity are high. Piloted in 2023-2025 by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in partnership with the CSIR Water Research Institute and the Fisheries Commission of Ghana, four youth-led aquaculture groups were established and supported with inputs, training, and technical assistance. Findings show that the model is technically feasible, socially inclusive, and environmentally compatible with other reservoir uses. The Business Model Canvas highlights strong partnerships, clear value propositions (fresh, high-quality fish), and diversified revenue streams, though costs, especially feed and labor, remain high. The SWOT analysis identifies key strengths such as trained members and strong teamwork, while weaknesses include limited finances, high input costs, and logistical constraints. Cost-benefit analysis reveals that initial production cycles were not profitable once full costs (including labor) were considered, mainly due to inefficiencies such as poor feed management, inaccurate weighing, and post-harvest losses. However, correcting these inefficiencies could significantly improve outcomes, with some groups reaching break-even or profitability. Long-term projections indicate strong potential: at realistic market prices, the model achieves positive net present value and favorable benefit-cost ratios, suggesting financial viability over time. Overall, the study concludes that small-reservoir aquaculture can become a scalable, inclusive livelihood model. Key recommendations include reducing input costs (e.g., local feed production), strengthening infrastructure and market access, and continuing technical support to improve efficiency and sustainability.Omondi, JoshuaTK, ChristiNkosi, MahlatseKamanda, Joseyhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1826952026-04-30T01:00:54Z2026-04-29T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Scaling Agtech Innovation Bundles Across African Markets dc.contributor.author: Omondi, Joshua; TK, Christi; Nkosi, Mahlatse; Kamanda, Josey dcterms.abstract: This report provides an applied overview of the agtech innovation landscape across Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Zambia, with a focus on how innovation bundles can support more resilient, productive, and inclusive agrifood systems. It examines three priority areas: irrigation technologies, soil and water management, and circular water and nutrient management. These areas address core constraints affecting African agriculture, including limited water access, declining soil fertility, low productivity, climate vulnerability, infrastructure gaps, and weak market integration. Using an adapted Adaptive Scaling Ecosystem (ASEco) framework, the report assesses how innovations are positioned across different market contexts and what is required for them to scale. It combines quantitative market and investment data, desk-based reviews, and qualitative insights from key informant interviews with innovators, investors, and ecosystem actors. The analysis maps companies, funding flows, product bundling strategies, country-level enabling conditions, and real-world case studies from firms such as Mechro, Rhea Africa, AgroCares, Sistema.bio, Lersha, and Emerging Cooking Solutions. The report serves as a decision-support tool for the CGIAR Scaling for Impact Program and related partners. It identifies viable scaling pathways, financing needs, policy considerations, and ecosystem interventions needed to accelerate market-driven agtech solutions across African food, land, and water systems. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact

2026-04-29T00:00:00ZOmondi, JoshuaTK, ChristiNkosi, MahlatseKamanda, JoseyThis report provides an applied overview of the agtech innovation landscape across Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Zambia, with a focus on how innovation bundles can support more resilient, productive, and inclusive agrifood systems. It examines three priority areas: irrigation technologies, soil and water management, and circular water and nutrient management. These areas address core constraints affecting African agriculture, including limited water access, declining soil fertility, low productivity, climate vulnerability, infrastructure gaps, and weak market integration. Using an adapted Adaptive Scaling Ecosystem (ASEco) framework, the report assesses how innovations are positioned across different market contexts and what is required for them to scale. It combines quantitative market and investment data, desk-based reviews, and qualitative insights from key informant interviews with innovators, investors, and ecosystem actors. The analysis maps companies, funding flows, product bundling strategies, country-level enabling conditions, and real-world case studies from firms such as Mechro, Rhea Africa, AgroCares, Sistema.bio, Lersha, and Emerging Cooking Solutions. The report serves as a decision-support tool for the CGIAR Scaling for Impact Program and related partners. It identifies viable scaling pathways, financing needs, policy considerations, and ecosystem interventions needed to accelerate market-driven agtech solutions across African food, land, and water systems.International Water Management Institutehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1826902026-04-29T03:08:12Z2026-04-28T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Country Strategic Roadmap: Nepal 2024–2030 dc.contributor.author: International Water Management Institute dcterms.abstract: IWMI’s Nepal Strategic Roadmap 2024–2030 sets out an ambitious agenda for research, innovation, and partnerships to advance water security, climate resilience, and inclusive development in Nepal. Aligned with national priorities—including the 16th Five-Year Plan, the National Irrigation Policy, the Food System Transformation Strategic Plan, NDC 3.0, and the National Adaptation Plan—the roadmap positions water as a foundation for growth, food security, resilient livelihoods, ecosystem health, equality, and long-term prosperity. It responds to Nepal’s priorities for socio‑economic transformation, effective governance, and resilient development amid evolving political‑economy and environmental drivers. The roadmap addresses key water systems challenges—from drying springs and seasonal water stress to climate and disaster risks, irrigation gaps, weak governance amid rapid urbanization and federalism, and persistent inequalities affecting women, youth, smallholder farmers, and marginalized groups. The roadmap identifies six strategic priorities for 2024–2030: strengthening resilience through water systems management; energizing water and food systems through low-emission technologies; advancing transformative and inclusive water governance; embedding gender equality, disability and social inclusion across water systems; accelerating agrifood system transformation through irrigation modernization and innovation; and scaling nature-based solutions and integrated river basin management. Through these strategic priorities, IWMI will work with government, communities, academic and knowledge‑system partners, development partners, civil society, and the private sector to co‑create knowledge and evidence, strengthen institutions, and scale solutions for a resilient, equitable, and water‑secure Nepal.

2026-04-28T00:00:00ZInternational Water Management InstituteIWMI’s Nepal Strategic Roadmap 2024–2030 sets out an ambitious agenda for research, innovation, and partnerships to advance water security, climate resilience, and inclusive development in Nepal. Aligned with national priorities—including the 16th Five-Year Plan, the National Irrigation Policy, the Food System Transformation Strategic Plan, NDC 3.0, and the National Adaptation Plan—the roadmap positions water as a foundation for growth, food security, resilient livelihoods, ecosystem health, equality, and long-term prosperity. It responds to Nepal’s priorities for socio‑economic transformation, effective governance, and resilient development amid evolving political‑economy and environmental drivers. The roadmap addresses key water systems challenges—from drying springs and seasonal water stress to climate and disaster risks, irrigation gaps, weak governance amid rapid urbanization and federalism, and persistent inequalities affecting women, youth, smallholder farmers, and marginalized groups. The roadmap identifies six strategic priorities for 2024–2030: strengthening resilience through water systems management; energizing water and food systems through low-emission technologies; advancing transformative and inclusive water governance; embedding gender equality, disability and social inclusion across water systems; accelerating agrifood system transformation through irrigation modernization and innovation; and scaling nature-based solutions and integrated river basin management. Through these strategic priorities, IWMI will work with government, communities, academic and knowledge‑system partners, development partners, civil society, and the private sector to co‑create knowledge and evidence, strengthen institutions, and scale solutions for a resilient, equitable, and water‑secure Nepal.Codjia, Audrey Kantz DossouAkpoti, KomlaviDembélé, MoctarYonaba, RolandFowe, TazenOrowale, Triumph ProsperKoissi, Modeste G. Déo-GratiasZwart, Sander J.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1826812026-04-28T03:46:33Z2026-06-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Satellite Remote Sensing for Estimating Reservoir Physical Characteristics: A Global Review of Existing Methodologies for Operational Monitoring dc.contributor.author: Codjia, Audrey Kantz Dossou; Akpoti, Komlavi; Dembélé, Moctar; Yonaba, Roland; Fowe, Tazen; Orowale, Triumph Prosper; Koissi, Modeste G. Déo-Gratias; Zwart, Sander J. dcterms.abstract: Accurate and timely estimates of reservoir surface area, water level, and volume are essential for water resource management. Yet no recent synthesis compares the remote sensing methods used to obtain these physical characteristics. This study evaluates peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 that derived any of the three characteristics from satellite data to identify reliable techniques and operational gaps. A total of 169 cases of surface area mapping (88), water level retrieval (49), and volume estimation (32) were analyzed from 106 articles across more than 60 countries. Each case was classified according to its physical characteristics, approach, sensor, and validation method. Surface area is typically mapped using optical imagery (76 %). Threshold indices dominate at 63 %. Meanwhile, machine and deep learning methods are being used more frequently to provide more accurate classifications. Water levels are usually obtained from radar altimetry (67 %) followed by areaelevation models (30 %). Volume is most often computed using combined area-elevation approaches (60 %), followed by water level-volume regressions (25 %) and area-volume curves (15 %), with average errors of up to 10 %. Three critical gaps emerge: only 11 % of studies address reservoirs smaller than 1 km2 , turbid or vegetated waters incur estimation errors, and only a few studies use sensors with a revisit time of three days or less, which limits real-time management. Although fusion of several sensor data is demonstrably more accurate, it remains rare. These insights guide managers and future research directions to enable automated, high-resolution monitoring of both large and small reservoirs.

2026-06-01T00:00:00ZCodjia, Audrey Kantz DossouAkpoti, KomlaviDembélé, MoctarYonaba, RolandFowe, TazenOrowale, Triumph ProsperKoissi, Modeste G. Déo-GratiasZwart, Sander J.Accurate and timely estimates of reservoir surface area, water level, and volume are essential for water resource management. Yet no recent synthesis compares the remote sensing methods used to obtain these physical characteristics. This study evaluates peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 that derived any of the three characteristics from satellite data to identify reliable techniques and operational gaps. A total of 169 cases of surface area mapping (88), water level retrieval (49), and volume estimation (32) were analyzed from 106 articles across more than 60 countries. Each case was classified according to its physical characteristics, approach, sensor, and validation method. Surface area is typically mapped using optical imagery (76 %). Threshold indices dominate at 63 %. Meanwhile, machine and deep learning methods are being used more frequently to provide more accurate classifications. Water levels are usually obtained from radar altimetry (67 %) followed by areaelevation models (30 %). Volume is most often computed using combined area-elevation approaches (60 %), followed by water level-volume regressions (25 %) and area-volume curves (15 %), with average errors of up to 10 %. Three critical gaps emerge: only 11 % of studies address reservoirs smaller than 1 km2 , turbid or vegetated waters incur estimation errors, and only a few studies use sensors with a revisit time of three days or less, which limits real-time management. Although fusion of several sensor data is demonstrably more accurate, it remains rare. These insights guide managers and future research directions to enable automated, high-resolution monitoring of both large and small reservoirs.International Water Management Institutehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1826502026-04-28T08:33:34Z2026-04-27T00:00:00Z

dc.title: IWMI in India - fact sheet dc.contributor.author: International Water Management Institute

2026-04-27T00:00:00ZInternational Water Management InstituteBhattacharjee, SuchiradiptaNicol, Alanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1826442026-04-27T05:56:10Z2026-04-27T00:00:00Z

dc.title: How AI Helped Promote Community-Led Development in Rajasthan dc.contributor.author: Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Nicol, Alan cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-04-27T00:00:00ZBhattacharjee, SuchiradiptaNicol, AlanShrestha, ShisherKarki, DarshanAryal, MamataBuchy, Marlenehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825982026-04-23T13:30:39Z2026-08-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Unpacking the Challenges of Solar Lift Irrigation in Nepal’s Mid-Hills: Toward a Sustainable Energy-Water Solution dc.contributor.author: Shrestha, Shisher; Karki, Darshan; Aryal, Mamata; Buchy, Marlene dcterms.abstract: Solar Lift Irrigation (SLI) presents a promising water-energy-food nexus solution, especially in off-grid, low-income countries with mountainous terrain. Yet adoption and scaling remain limited. This study examines barriers to the clean energy adoption for irrigation and identifies Critical Success Factors (CSFs) influencing SLI sustainability. The study draws on qualitative evidence from thirteen SLI projects across eight districts in Nepal, based on primary data collected through nine group discussions and nineteen semi-structured interviews with multiple stakeholder groups. The analysis identifies seven interdependent CSFs: detailed feasibility study, cost of technology, farm income, transparency, synergies, ownership, and operation and management (O&M) plan. We find that the successful adoption of technological innovations like SLI depends on a host of interrelated factors that cannot be addressed in isolation. Yet our study reveals that SLI projects often prioritize techno-financial dimensions while governance and social dimensions are neglected. For long-term sustainability, it is imperative to understand and balance all dimensions of the project, fostering an enabling environment that supports technological adoption. Addressing the interlinkages among these CSFs can strengthen SLI sustainability through an integrated approach linking energy and water access with rural livelihood. The findings highlight three policy priorities: formalizing inter-governmental coordination, establishing dedicated post-installation maintenance funding, and integrating SLI projects with agricultural value chains. These insights are relevant for similar off-grid contexts across the Global South. cg.contributor.initiative: NEXUS Gains cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Climate Action; Policy Innovations

2026-08-01T00:00:00ZShrestha, ShisherKarki, DarshanAryal, MamataBuchy, MarleneSolar Lift Irrigation (SLI) presents a promising water-energy-food nexus solution, especially in off-grid, low-income countries with mountainous terrain. Yet adoption and scaling remain limited. This study examines barriers to the clean energy adoption for irrigation and identifies Critical Success Factors (CSFs) influencing SLI sustainability. The study draws on qualitative evidence from thirteen SLI projects across eight districts in Nepal, based on primary data collected through nine group discussions and nineteen semi-structured interviews with multiple stakeholder groups. The analysis identifies seven interdependent CSFs: detailed feasibility study, cost of technology, farm income, transparency, synergies, ownership, and operation and management (O&M) plan. We find that the successful adoption of technological innovations like SLI depends on a host of interrelated factors that cannot be addressed in isolation. Yet our study reveals that SLI projects often prioritize techno-financial dimensions while governance and social dimensions are neglected. For long-term sustainability, it is imperative to understand and balance all dimensions of the project, fostering an enabling environment that supports technological adoption. Addressing the interlinkages among these CSFs can strengthen SLI sustainability through an integrated approach linking energy and water access with rural livelihood. The findings highlight three policy priorities: formalizing inter-governmental coordination, establishing dedicated post-installation maintenance funding, and integrating SLI projects with agricultural value chains. These insights are relevant for similar off-grid contexts across the Global South.International Water Management Institutehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825922026-04-24T01:06:58Z2026-04-23T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Country Strategic Roadmap: Pakistan 2024–2030 dc.contributor.author: International Water Management Institute dcterms.abstract: The Pakistan Country Strategic Roadmap 2024–2030 outlines a comprehensive, science-driven framework to address the country’s growing water, climate, and development challenges. Set against the backdrop of increasing water scarcity, climate variability, rapid population growth, and institutional complexities, the strategy positions water as central to Pakistan’s food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Building on nearly four decades of engagement, IWMI’s roadmap emphasizes evidence-based decision-making, strengthened governance, and integrated approaches across the water–energy–food–environment nexus. It identifies four strategic priority areas: irrigation modernization and food security; integrated river basin management; climate resilience and livelihoods improvement; and wastewater reuse within a circular water economy. These are supported by cross-cutting commitments to capacity building, gender equality, youth engagement, and social inclusion. The roadmap adopts a phased, partnership-driven implementation model, focusing on co-design with government institutions, embedding analytical tools and data systems, and scaling proven solutions. It highlights IWMI’s role as a trusted research-for-development partner, bridging science, policy, and practice. Overall, the strategy aims to enable Pakistan’s transition toward a water-secure, climate-resilient, and inclusive future through actionable evidence, institutional strengthening, and collaborative partnerships at national and sub-national levels.

2026-04-23T00:00:00ZInternational Water Management InstituteThe Pakistan Country Strategic Roadmap 2024–2030 outlines a comprehensive, science-driven framework to address the country’s growing water, climate, and development challenges. Set against the backdrop of increasing water scarcity, climate variability, rapid population growth, and institutional complexities, the strategy positions water as central to Pakistan’s food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Building on nearly four decades of engagement, IWMI’s roadmap emphasizes evidence-based decision-making, strengthened governance, and integrated approaches across the water–energy–food–environment nexus. It identifies four strategic priority areas: irrigation modernization and food security; integrated river basin management; climate resilience and livelihoods improvement; and wastewater reuse within a circular water economy. These are supported by cross-cutting commitments to capacity building, gender equality, youth engagement, and social inclusion. The roadmap adopts a phased, partnership-driven implementation model, focusing on co-design with government institutions, embedding analytical tools and data systems, and scaling proven solutions. It highlights IWMI’s role as a trusted research-for-development partner, bridging science, policy, and practice. Overall, the strategy aims to enable Pakistan’s transition toward a water-secure, climate-resilient, and inclusive future through actionable evidence, institutional strengthening, and collaborative partnerships at national and sub-national levels.Gul, NazarAshraf, MuhammadSalam, Hafiz Abdulhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825912026-04-22T17:23:04Z2026-03-18T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Tharparkar Desert Flora: Resilient Ecological System dc.contributor.author: Gul, Nazar; Ashraf, Muhammad; Salam, Hafiz Abdul dcterms.abstract: Discover the unique flora of the Tharparkar Desert, a resilient ecological system that supports diverse plant species essential for soil conservation, dune stabilization, and the livelihoods of local communities. Learn how these plants provide food, medicine, fuel, and income. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-03-18T00:00:00ZGul, NazarAshraf, MuhammadSalam, Hafiz AbdulDiscover the unique flora of the Tharparkar Desert, a resilient ecological system that supports diverse plant species essential for soil conservation, dune stabilization, and the livelihoods of local communities. Learn how these plants provide food, medicine, fuel, and income.Memon, Shamim AraShaikh, Irfan AhmedTalpur, Mashooque AliJunejo, Abdul RahimMangrio, Munir AhmedGul, NazarKhan, Zaheer AhmedSalam, Hafiz AbdulAshraf, Muhammadhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825832026-04-22T13:32:30Z2026-04-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Validating the Efficiency of the AquaCrop Model Under Full and Deficit Irrigation Regimes to Simulate Future Climate Impacts on Wheat Crop dc.contributor.author: Memon, Shamim Ara; Shaikh, Irfan Ahmed; Talpur, Mashooque Ali; Junejo, Abdul Rahim; Mangrio, Munir Ahmed; Gul, Nazar; Khan, Zaheer Ahmed; Salam, Hafiz Abdul; Ashraf, Muhammad dcterms.abstract: Wheat yield and water demand are affected by the ongoing disturbance of climatic factors and greenhouse gases (GHG). As a result, the AquaCrop model's ability to anticipate climate change impacts on wheat harvests under full and deficit irrigation regimes in Sindh, Pakistan, was evaluated using wheat trials conducted between 2018 and 2020. However, for its validation, the results of the deficit irrigation treatment ITS50 (50% controlled irrigation at the tillering stage) for both seasons were employed. The model efficiently estimated yield with a normalised root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of 13% and 17%, a Willmott's d-index of 98% and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NME) of 95% under full and deficit irrigation treatments, respectively. The simulation results revealed an adverse effect of climate change on the yield and water productivity of wheat. Over the century, the model predicted an increase of 6% to 7% in wheat yield under full (well-watered) irrigation and a decrease of 10 to 12% in 25% reduced water applied depth (RAD) and 21% to 24% under 50% RAD scenarios for both representative concentration pathway RCPs (4.5 and 8.5). The overall wheat water productivity increased under a well-watered irrigation regime by 16% in RCP8.5 compared with RCP4.5. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-04-01T00:00:00ZMemon, Shamim AraShaikh, Irfan AhmedTalpur, Mashooque AliJunejo, Abdul RahimMangrio, Munir AhmedGul, NazarKhan, Zaheer AhmedSalam, Hafiz AbdulAshraf, MuhammadWheat yield and water demand are affected by the ongoing disturbance of climatic factors and greenhouse gases (GHG). As a result, the AquaCrop model's ability to anticipate climate change impacts on wheat harvests under full and deficit irrigation regimes in Sindh, Pakistan, was evaluated using wheat trials conducted between 2018 and 2020. However, for its validation, the results of the deficit irrigation treatment ITS50 (50% controlled irrigation at the tillering stage) for both seasons were employed. The model efficiently estimated yield with a normalised root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of 13% and 17%, a Willmott's d-index of 98% and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NME) of 95% under full and deficit irrigation treatments, respectively. The simulation results revealed an adverse effect of climate change on the yield and water productivity of wheat. Over the century, the model predicted an increase of 6% to 7% in wheat yield under full (well-watered) irrigation and a decrease of 10 to 12% in 25% reduced water applied depth (RAD) and 21% to 24% under 50% RAD scenarios for both representative concentration pathway RCPs (4.5 and 8.5). The overall wheat water productivity increased under a well-watered irrigation regime by 16% in RCP8.5 compared with RCP4.5.Adhikari, AashikaKarki, DarshanShrestha, ShisherKC, Jibeshhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825722026-04-23T01:05:59Z2026-04-22T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Sunlight to Sustenance: Early Implementation Insights from a Solar-Grid Lift System Pilot in Nepal’s Mid-Hills dc.contributor.author: Adhikari, Aashika; Karki, Darshan; Shrestha, Shisher; KC, Jibesh dcterms.abstract: This technical brief presents early insights from a pilot solar-grid lift system (SLS) implemented in Bisdeutar, a remote and marginalized Majhi community in Indrawati Rural Municipality, Nepal. The intervention addresses chronic water scarcity exacerbated by climate change, difficult terrain, and limited infrastructure. Designed as a multiple-use system, the SLS supplies both domestic and irrigation water, lifting over 90,000 liters daily and serving 55 households. The study highlights that strong community engagement, in-kind contributions, and continuous social mobilization are critical for successful adoption. Capacity-building, agricultural support, and stakeholder collaboration including local government involvement are essential for long-term sustainability. Early outcomes show improved water access, reduced workload for women, increased cropping intensity, and emerging livelihood opportunities such as vegetable farming and beekeeping. The intervention has also enhanced disaster preparedness and strengthened community initiative in accessing external support. Overall, the pilot demonstrates that integrated, context-specific water solutions can generate broader socio-economic and environmental benefits, emphasizing the importance of combining technological innovation with institutional support and local ownership. cg.contributor.initiative: NEXUS Gains; Mixed Farming Systems cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Climate Action; Policy Innovations

2026-04-22T00:00:00ZAdhikari, AashikaKarki, DarshanShrestha, ShisherKC, JibeshThis technical brief presents early insights from a pilot solar-grid lift system (SLS) implemented in Bisdeutar, a remote and marginalized Majhi community in Indrawati Rural Municipality, Nepal. The intervention addresses chronic water scarcity exacerbated by climate change, difficult terrain, and limited infrastructure. Designed as a multiple-use system, the SLS supplies both domestic and irrigation water, lifting over 90,000 liters daily and serving 55 households. The study highlights that strong community engagement, in-kind contributions, and continuous social mobilization are critical for successful adoption. Capacity-building, agricultural support, and stakeholder collaboration including local government involvement are essential for long-term sustainability. Early outcomes show improved water access, reduced workload for women, increased cropping intensity, and emerging livelihood opportunities such as vegetable farming and beekeeping. The intervention has also enhanced disaster preparedness and strengthened community initiative in accessing external support. Overall, the pilot demonstrates that integrated, context-specific water solutions can generate broader socio-economic and environmental benefits, emphasizing the importance of combining technological innovation with institutional support and local ownership.Enokenwa Baa, OjongetakahChinyophiro, AmonNortje, Karenhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825712026-04-23T08:31:27Z2026-04-22T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Gender Action Learning System Assessment: Insights on How Inclusive Innovations Shape Gender Transformative Outcomes dc.contributor.author: Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Chinyophiro, Amon; Nortje, Karen dcterms.abstract: The Gender Action Learning System (GALS) is a household and community-led transformative tool that offers researchers and practitioners a guide to drive inclusive transformation across food systems. The GALS assessment conducted under the CGIAR Scaling for Impact (S4I) program in Malawi evaluates how inclusive innovations drive gender-transformative outcomes in scaling climate-smart agriculture. This study engaged 1,417 participants—78% women—representing 4,095 households trained under the CGIAR Initiative on Diversification in East and Southern Africa (Ukama Ustawi). Using mixed methods (household surveys and Most Significant Change stories), the assessment found that GALS fosters equitable decision-making, agency, and climate resilience. Results show 87% of participants improved visioning and goal setting, 64% strengthened gender equality awareness, and 62% enhanced financial management. Joint household decision-making rose from 74–82% across domains such as farming, finance, and education, while women’s leadership and participation increased markedly. Adoption of climate-smart practices was high—96% for manure use and tree planting, 95% for crop rotation, and 93% for irrigation—demonstrating GALS’ effectiveness in promoting sustainable agriculture. Despite strong household and community uptake, institutional adoption remains limited (24%), signaling the need for integration into governance and partner systems. The report recommends strengthening facilitation capacity, linking GALS to economic empowerment initiatives, and embedding it in local institutions. Overall, GALS provides a scalable, self-sustaining methodology for gender-equitable innovation and climate-smart transformation. cg.contributor.initiative: Diversification in East and Southern Africa cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact

2026-04-22T00:00:00ZEnokenwa Baa, OjongetakahChinyophiro, AmonNortje, KarenThe Gender Action Learning System (GALS) is a household and community-led transformative tool that offers researchers and practitioners a guide to drive inclusive transformation across food systems. The GALS assessment conducted under the CGIAR Scaling for Impact (S4I) program in Malawi evaluates how inclusive innovations drive gender-transformative outcomes in scaling climate-smart agriculture. This study engaged 1,417 participants—78% women—representing 4,095 households trained under the CGIAR Initiative on Diversification in East and Southern Africa (Ukama Ustawi). Using mixed methods (household surveys and Most Significant Change stories), the assessment found that GALS fosters equitable decision-making, agency, and climate resilience. Results show 87% of participants improved visioning and goal setting, 64% strengthened gender equality awareness, and 62% enhanced financial management. Joint household decision-making rose from 74–82% across domains such as farming, finance, and education, while women’s leadership and participation increased markedly. Adoption of climate-smart practices was high—96% for manure use and tree planting, 95% for crop rotation, and 93% for irrigation—demonstrating GALS’ effectiveness in promoting sustainable agriculture. Despite strong household and community uptake, institutional adoption remains limited (24%), signaling the need for integration into governance and partner systems. The report recommends strengthening facilitation capacity, linking GALS to economic empowerment initiatives, and embedding it in local institutions. Overall, GALS provides a scalable, self-sustaining methodology for gender-equitable innovation and climate-smart transformation.Smith, JoNaher, Umme AminunDahal, Khem RajHasan, Md MahmodolRahman, Md MizanurSmith, PeteBhusal, MukundaWardle, JenniferBittner, DominikChukwu, VinceAdhya, TapanAdhikari, Raj KumarAkter, MasudaCampbell, Grant A.Gaihre, Yam KantaHossain, A. T. M. SakhawatIslam, Md NurulKhan, Mehedi HasanMaharjan, SaluMekuria, WoldeMia, RiponMoges, AwdenegestNalavade, RujutaNamaswa, TimothyPanhwar, Qurban AliTumwesige, VianneyVista, Shree PrasadYakob, GetahunZuan, Ali Tan Keehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825632026-04-21T10:08:20Z2026-04-13T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Low-Cost and Labour-Efficient Innovations in Household Recycling of Organic Wastes for Soil Improvement dc.contributor.author: Smith, Jo; Naher, Umme Aminun; Dahal, Khem Raj; Hasan, Md Mahmodol; Rahman, Md Mizanur; Smith, Pete; Bhusal, Mukunda; Wardle, Jennifer; Bittner, Dominik; Chukwu, Vince; Adhya, Tapan; Adhikari, Raj Kumar; Akter, Masuda; Campbell, Grant A.; Gaihre, Yam Kanta; Hossain, A. T. M. Sakhawat; Islam, Md Nurul; Khan, Mehedi Hasan; Maharjan, Salu; Mekuria, Wolde; Mia, Ripon; Moges, Awdenegest; Nalavade, Rujuta; Namaswa, Timothy; Panhwar, Qurban Ali; Tumwesige, Vianney; Vista, Shree Prasad; Yakob, Getahun; Zuan, Ali Tan Kee dcterms.abstract: Organic matter plays an important role in the health and productivity of soils, but its depletion is a common problem in households in low-income countries. This is due to lack of and competing uses for organic resources, and limited information on recycling methods. Therefore, here we review low-cost and labour-efficient innovations to improve recycling of organic wastes, stabilising residues so that soil organic matter can be increased with less inputs and enhancing nutrient content to produce a more effective organic fertiliser. Composting, anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis are all processes that stabilise organic matter. Innovations in treatments are needed to improve stabilization and control the release of nutrients so that they are available to crops in the right amounts and at the right time. This can be achieved by maintaining appropriate treatment conditions: for composting, carbon to nitrogen ratio 25–35, carbon to phosphorus ratio ∼50, pH 5.5–8.5 and 50%–60% moisture content; for anaerobic digestion, carbon to nitrogen ratio 20–35, bulk density 0.6–0.8 g cm−3, lignin content < 7.5%, pH 6.8–7.4 and moisture content 85%–95%; and for pyrolysis, carbon to nitrogen > 40 and moisture content < 20%. Different methods to achieve these ideal conditions are discussed, including appropriate choice of treatment method, co-composting/co-digestion for ideal nutrient content, enhancing nutrients using collected urine, nitrogen-fixing plants, bioslurry or by inoculating with bacterial communities, absorbing excess nutrients on biochar, adjusting pH using wood ash or biochar, pre-treatment to break down lignin and cellulose, and designs to achieve ideal moisture and temperature. Innovations should also ensure that treatment processes do not overuse or compete with other important household resources, such as finances, water or labour. We draw together findings to identify methods with most potential to improve soils in low-income countries, providing decision tables to guide selection of approaches for different contexts.

2026-04-13T00:00:00ZSmith, JoNaher, Umme AminunDahal, Khem RajHasan, Md MahmodolRahman, Md MizanurSmith, PeteBhusal, MukundaWardle, JenniferBittner, DominikChukwu, VinceAdhya, TapanAdhikari, Raj KumarAkter, MasudaCampbell, Grant A.Gaihre, Yam KantaHossain, A. T. M. SakhawatIslam, Md NurulKhan, Mehedi HasanMaharjan, SaluMekuria, WoldeMia, RiponMoges, AwdenegestNalavade, RujutaNamaswa, TimothyPanhwar, Qurban AliTumwesige, VianneyVista, Shree PrasadYakob, GetahunZuan, Ali Tan KeeOrganic matter plays an important role in the health and productivity of soils, but its depletion is a common problem in households in low-income countries. This is due to lack of and competing uses for organic resources, and limited information on recycling methods. Therefore, here we review low-cost and labour-efficient innovations to improve recycling of organic wastes, stabilising residues so that soil organic matter can be increased with less inputs and enhancing nutrient content to produce a more effective organic fertiliser. Composting, anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis are all processes that stabilise organic matter. Innovations in treatments are needed to improve stabilization and control the release of nutrients so that they are available to crops in the right amounts and at the right time. This can be achieved by maintaining appropriate treatment conditions: for composting, carbon to nitrogen ratio 25–35, carbon to phosphorus ratio ∼50, pH 5.5–8.5 and 50%–60% moisture content; for anaerobic digestion, carbon to nitrogen ratio 20–35, bulk density 0.6–0.8 g cm−3, lignin content < 7.5%, pH 6.8–7.4 and moisture content 85%–95%; and for pyrolysis, carbon to nitrogen > 40 and moisture content < 20%. Different methods to achieve these ideal conditions are discussed, including appropriate choice of treatment method, co-composting/co-digestion for ideal nutrient content, enhancing nutrients using collected urine, nitrogen-fixing plants, bioslurry or by inoculating with bacterial communities, absorbing excess nutrients on biochar, adjusting pH using wood ash or biochar, pre-treatment to break down lignin and cellulose, and designs to achieve ideal moisture and temperature. Innovations should also ensure that treatment processes do not overuse or compete with other important household resources, such as finances, water or labour. We draw together findings to identify methods with most potential to improve soils in low-income countries, providing decision tables to guide selection of approaches for different contexts.Fragaszy, StephenSamarasekara, VidhishaStifel, Elizabethhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825592026-04-22T01:07:21Z2025-12-30T00:00:00Z

dc.title: ’Driving Impact with Partners and Communities to Achieve Research for Development - Client Orientation – Part 2 dc.contributor.author: Fragaszy, Stephen; Samarasekara, Vidhisha; Stifel, Elizabeth

2025-12-30T00:00:00ZFragaszy, StephenSamarasekara, VidhishaStifel, ElizabethFragaszy, StephenSamarasekara, VidhishaGharaibeh, Sawsanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825582026-04-29T10:54:20Z2025-12-30T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Connecting Donors and Governments to Achieve Research for Development - Client Orientation - Part 1 dc.contributor.author: Fragaszy, Stephen; Samarasekara, Vidhisha; Gharaibeh, Sawsan

2025-12-30T00:00:00ZFragaszy, StephenSamarasekara, VidhishaGharaibeh, SawsanYami, MastewalMcGuire, ErinEnokenwa Baa, OjongetakahNortje, Karenhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825562026-04-22T01:02:47Z2026-04-21T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Assessing the Use and Impact of GenderUp: Lessons for Gender-Responsive Innovation Design and Scaling dc.contributor.author: Yami, Mastewal; McGuire, Erin; Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Nortje, Karen dcterms.abstract: The GenderUp tool was developed by Responsible Innovation in collaboration with CGIAR and partners as a responsible scaling method designed to support inclusive and responsible innovation strategies in agri-food systems. The tool has been used over time to support project teams anticipate risks, address power dynamics, and adapt scaling approaches to ensure equitable and socially responsible outcomes. This evaluation report was conducted under the CGIAR Scaling for Impact (S4I) Program, and it assesses GenderUp’s use, reach, outcomes, and challenges. The tool has been applied and used in over 20+ countries across 38 diverse organizations and institutions resulting in over 100 trained facilitators. Evidence suggests strong uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa where GenderUp has been used by both women (60%) and men (40%). The evaluation highlights that GenderUp has i) relevance for GESI tools users (43%) and or when combined with scaling activities ii) been integrated into different project stages by combining other tools such as biophysical modelling (adaptability) iii) increased capacity for designing gender-responsive interventions, influenced budget allocations toward gender-related activities (impact). These high-level insights have shifted mindsets toward inclusion, participatory research and institutional practices as evidenced by documented cases in this report. The tool remains a valuable reflective and capacity building tool for enhancing responsible scaling practices. Under the S4I program, this tool will be applied as a co-design instrument for innovation uptake with stronger institutional integration and systematic tracking of outcomes. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact

2026-04-21T00:00:00ZYami, MastewalMcGuire, ErinEnokenwa Baa, OjongetakahNortje, KarenThe GenderUp tool was developed by Responsible Innovation in collaboration with CGIAR and partners as a responsible scaling method designed to support inclusive and responsible innovation strategies in agri-food systems. The tool has been used over time to support project teams anticipate risks, address power dynamics, and adapt scaling approaches to ensure equitable and socially responsible outcomes. This evaluation report was conducted under the CGIAR Scaling for Impact (S4I) Program, and it assesses GenderUp’s use, reach, outcomes, and challenges. The tool has been applied and used in over 20+ countries across 38 diverse organizations and institutions resulting in over 100 trained facilitators. Evidence suggests strong uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa where GenderUp has been used by both women (60%) and men (40%). The evaluation highlights that GenderUp has i) relevance for GESI tools users (43%) and or when combined with scaling activities ii) been integrated into different project stages by combining other tools such as biophysical modelling (adaptability) iii) increased capacity for designing gender-responsive interventions, influenced budget allocations toward gender-related activities (impact). These high-level insights have shifted mindsets toward inclusion, participatory research and institutional practices as evidenced by documented cases in this report. The tool remains a valuable reflective and capacity building tool for enhancing responsible scaling practices. Under the S4I program, this tool will be applied as a co-design instrument for innovation uptake with stronger institutional integration and systematic tracking of outcomes.International Water Management Institutehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825382026-04-21T01:03:23Z2026-04-17T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Commission on Water for Food Futures (CWFF): A Cambridge Sustainability Commission dc.contributor.author: International Water Management Institute dcterms.abstract: The Commission on Water for Food Futures (CWFF) is a Cambridge Sustainability Commission addressing growing challenges at the intersection of water and food security. Formed through collaboration between the International Water Management Institute, the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, Collective Action for Water Security, and Cambridge University Press, its mission is to rethink and catalyze how water is managed in food systems. CWFF aims to translate the Global Commission on the Economics of Water’s call for a “new revolution in food systems” into practical, evidence-based action by 2040. This requires a fundamental shift not only in water management, but in how we produce food to feed a growing global population while preserving the planet’s resources. CWFF follows a demand-led approach, with global consultations informing four main themes: optimizing and diversifying water use; strengthening governance and institutions; improving market mechanisms for sustainable water use; and shaping diets to reflect water constraints. Drawing on wide-ranging expertise and research, CWFF will identify and highlight emerging innovations and actionable solutions, connecting scales from local farms and river basins to national and global policies, and providing essential guidance for practitioners, investors, and policymakers. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-04-17T00:00:00ZInternational Water Management InstituteThe Commission on Water for Food Futures (CWFF) is a Cambridge Sustainability Commission addressing growing challenges at the intersection of water and food security. Formed through collaboration between the International Water Management Institute, the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, Collective Action for Water Security, and Cambridge University Press, its mission is to rethink and catalyze how water is managed in food systems. CWFF aims to translate the Global Commission on the Economics of Water’s call for a “new revolution in food systems” into practical, evidence-based action by 2040. This requires a fundamental shift not only in water management, but in how we produce food to feed a growing global population while preserving the planet’s resources. CWFF follows a demand-led approach, with global consultations informing four main themes: optimizing and diversifying water use; strengthening governance and institutions; improving market mechanisms for sustainable water use; and shaping diets to reflect water constraints. Drawing on wide-ranging expertise and research, CWFF will identify and highlight emerging innovations and actionable solutions, connecting scales from local farms and river basins to national and global policies, and providing essential guidance for practitioners, investors, and policymakers.International Water Management Institutehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825232026-04-18T01:00:24Z2018-06-04T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Mobile Weather Stations dc.contributor.author: International Water Management Institute dcterms.abstract: Low-cost weather stations help monitor the weather more closely, helping rural communities better prepare for floods and landslides. These devices automatically measure and transmit weather information — rainfall, temperature and wind speed data — every five minutes. They operate autonomously, powered by solar energy. The stations are locally assembled using off-the-shelf technology and open-source software, like Arduino boards and code. The data is stored in microSD cards, and can be accessed directly from the card or received via SMS text message alerts. Users can use additional sensors and reprogram the software, making these stations incredibly flexible for a variety of applications. The weather stations can last up to ten years and cost only $350 each. Given their potential to reduce damage from flooding, it is estimated that they will pay for themselves in only two and a half years. This project was funded by the World Bank, through its Challenge Fund and the Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR), and the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).

2018-06-04T00:00:00ZInternational Water Management InstituteLow-cost weather stations help monitor the weather more closely, helping rural communities better prepare for floods and landslides. These devices automatically measure and transmit weather information — rainfall, temperature and wind speed data — every five minutes. They operate autonomously, powered by solar energy. The stations are locally assembled using off-the-shelf technology and open-source software, like Arduino boards and code. The data is stored in microSD cards, and can be accessed directly from the card or received via SMS text message alerts. Users can use additional sensors and reprogram the software, making these stations incredibly flexible for a variety of applications. The weather stations can last up to ten years and cost only $350 each. Given their potential to reduce damage from flooding, it is estimated that they will pay for themselves in only two and a half years. This project was funded by the World Bank, through its Challenge Fund and the Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR), and the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).Akpoti, KomlaviZwart, Sander J.Win, S.Buisson, Marie-Charlottehttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825102026-04-17T01:10:52Z2026-04-16T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Strengthening Aquatic Food Systems with Decision Support Tools: Evidence from Ghana and Myanmar dc.contributor.author: Akpoti, Komlavi; Zwart, Sander J.; Win, S.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte dcterms.abstract: Aquatic food systems in low- and middle-income countries face mounting pressures from climate variability, population growth, and competition for land and water resources. Decision-makers in these contexts frequently lack spatially explicit, integrated data to guide aquaculture planning and investment. This technical brief presents two Decision Support Tool (DST) ecosystems developed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) under the CGIAR Sustainable Animal and Aquatic Foods (SAAF) Program: Ghana's Small Reservoir Decision Support System and Myanmar's Aqua-DST. Ghana's DST integrates Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, drying-risk classification, multi-criteria aquaculture suitability analysis, and an interactive dashboard to support planning across 2000 small reservoirs in northern Ghana. Pilot applications supported youth-led cage aquaculture in the Northeast Region, validating DST outputs and generating livelihood opportunities for young cooperatives. Myanmar's Aqua-DST applies a multi-criteria evaluation framework, combining climate hazard, biophysical, socio-economic, and management indicators to produce township-level suitability maps across 170 townships in Upper Myanmar. The tool was formally adopted by the Department of Fisheries following capacity-building workshops that trained over 130 government officials, university partners, and civil society actors. Comparative analysis across both systems reveals shared design principles: co-creation with end-users, integration of Earth observation and spatial modelling, dashboard-based dissemination, and institutional embedding as preconditions for long-term sustainability. Together, these experiences demonstrate that context-specific, yet methodologically aligned DSTs can substantially improve planning, investment targeting, and climate resilience in aquatic food systems. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Sustainable Animal and Aquatic Foods

2026-04-16T00:00:00ZAkpoti, KomlaviZwart, Sander J.Win, S.Buisson, Marie-CharlotteAquatic food systems in low- and middle-income countries face mounting pressures from climate variability, population growth, and competition for land and water resources. Decision-makers in these contexts frequently lack spatially explicit, integrated data to guide aquaculture planning and investment. This technical brief presents two Decision Support Tool (DST) ecosystems developed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) under the CGIAR Sustainable Animal and Aquatic Foods (SAAF) Program: Ghana's Small Reservoir Decision Support System and Myanmar's Aqua-DST. Ghana's DST integrates Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, drying-risk classification, multi-criteria aquaculture suitability analysis, and an interactive dashboard to support planning across 2000 small reservoirs in northern Ghana. Pilot applications supported youth-led cage aquaculture in the Northeast Region, validating DST outputs and generating livelihood opportunities for young cooperatives. Myanmar's Aqua-DST applies a multi-criteria evaluation framework, combining climate hazard, biophysical, socio-economic, and management indicators to produce township-level suitability maps across 170 townships in Upper Myanmar. The tool was formally adopted by the Department of Fisheries following capacity-building workshops that trained over 130 government officials, university partners, and civil society actors. Comparative analysis across both systems reveals shared design principles: co-creation with end-users, integration of Earth observation and spatial modelling, dashboard-based dissemination, and institutional embedding as preconditions for long-term sustainability. Together, these experiences demonstrate that context-specific, yet methodologically aligned DSTs can substantially improve planning, investment targeting, and climate resilience in aquatic food systems.McGuire, E.Mutiso, A.Enokenwa Baa, OjongetakahNortje, Karenhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825082026-04-23T08:43:59Z2026-04-16T00:00:00Z

dc.title: GESI-Responsive Scaling Framework: Pathways, Partnerships, and Operational Guide for Innovation Uptake dc.contributor.author: McGuire, E.; Mutiso, A.; Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Nortje, Karen dcterms.abstract: The "GESI-Responsive Scaling Framework: Pathways, Partnerships, and Operational Guide for Innovation Uptake" presents a comprehensive strategy for integrating Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI), Responsible Innovation (RI), and Responsible Scaling (RS) within CGIAR's Scaling for Impact (S4I) program (2025–2030). The framework builds on broad consultation, blending evidence from workshops, surveys, interviews, and focus groups, to ensure innovations in food, land, and water systems are inclusive, equitable, and sustainable. Central to this framework is the recognition that scaling innovations is not simply a technical process, but a deeply social one. The framework identifies six key domains—problem framing, social differentiation, partnership, evidence, innovation packaging, and risk management—essential for embedding GESI and RI throughout the innovation lifecycle. Operational guidance details actionable requirements for S4I’s Areas of Work 2 (Pathways to Scale) and 3 (Enabling Environment Lab), emphasizing mandatory GESI-responsive checkpoints and data-driven learning loops. The framework advocates for harmonizing tools, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, and fostering partnerships that centre marginalized voices. All solution tracks are required to incorporate GESI analysis, participatory design, regular monitoring, and adaptive management to ensure that scaling delivers meaningful impact across diverse user groups. By institutionalizing these practices, CGIAR aims to ensure that innovations reach scale responsibly, enhancing agency, reducing inequality, and building resilience in agrifood systems. Ultimately, the framework offers a practical roadmap to embed inclusive, context-responsive scaling across CGIAR, calling for strong leadership, institutional alignment, and ongoing adaptive learning to realize systemic and lasting change. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact

2026-04-16T00:00:00ZMcGuire, E.Mutiso, A.Enokenwa Baa, OjongetakahNortje, KarenThe "GESI-Responsive Scaling Framework: Pathways, Partnerships, and Operational Guide for Innovation Uptake" presents a comprehensive strategy for integrating Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI), Responsible Innovation (RI), and Responsible Scaling (RS) within CGIAR's Scaling for Impact (S4I) program (2025–2030). The framework builds on broad consultation, blending evidence from workshops, surveys, interviews, and focus groups, to ensure innovations in food, land, and water systems are inclusive, equitable, and sustainable. Central to this framework is the recognition that scaling innovations is not simply a technical process, but a deeply social one. The framework identifies six key domains—problem framing, social differentiation, partnership, evidence, innovation packaging, and risk management—essential for embedding GESI and RI throughout the innovation lifecycle. Operational guidance details actionable requirements for S4I’s Areas of Work 2 (Pathways to Scale) and 3 (Enabling Environment Lab), emphasizing mandatory GESI-responsive checkpoints and data-driven learning loops. The framework advocates for harmonizing tools, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, and fostering partnerships that centre marginalized voices. All solution tracks are required to incorporate GESI analysis, participatory design, regular monitoring, and adaptive management to ensure that scaling delivers meaningful impact across diverse user groups. By institutionalizing these practices, CGIAR aims to ensure that innovations reach scale responsibly, enhancing agency, reducing inequality, and building resilience in agrifood systems. Ultimately, the framework offers a practical roadmap to embed inclusive, context-responsive scaling across CGIAR, calling for strong leadership, institutional alignment, and ongoing adaptive learning to realize systemic and lasting change.Bhattacharjee, SuchiradiptaNicol, AlanParhi, K. R.Papnoi, P.Iyer, R.Kettle, S.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825052026-04-17T04:03:46Z2026-04-16T00:00:00Z

dc.title: AI4WaterPolicy: AI-Assisted Qualitative Feedback for Community Water Security in Rajasthan, India dc.contributor.author: Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Nicol, Alan; Parhi, K. R.; Papnoi, P.; Iyer, R.; Kettle, S. dcterms.abstract: AI4WaterPolicy is an action-research pilot implemented in Rajasthan, India, by IWMI in partnership with Centre for Microfinance (CmF), Colectiv, and the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). The initiative explored the feasibility of using AI-assisted interviewing via WhatsApp (voice and text) to collect timely, scalable qualitative feedback from frontline water governance actors. The study engaged 352 participants across four cohorts, including CmF staff, Pani Mitras, and Panchayat representatives, generating structured qualitative insights to complement routine monitoring systems. Findings reveal the multifaceted role of Pani Mitras, spanning community mobilization, technical promotion, and institutional liaison. Sustained engagement was driven by visible outcomes, training, stewardship, and recognition, while disengagement stemmed from trust deficits, process challenges, and competing responsibilities, particularly affecting women. A key contribution of the pilot was demonstrating the value of “closing the feedback loop,” which led to improved confidence among participants, stronger engagement with local governance institutions, and enhanced ability to navigate water-related schemes. The study also highlights that digital tools require active facilitation to ensure inclusion and must be complemented by human oversight to address risks in AI transcription and translation. As a feasibility pilot, the study underscores the potential of AI-enabled feedback systems to inform adaptive program design and strengthen community water security interventions. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-04-16T00:00:00ZBhattacharjee, SuchiradiptaNicol, AlanParhi, K. R.Papnoi, P.Iyer, R.Kettle, S.AI4WaterPolicy is an action-research pilot implemented in Rajasthan, India, by IWMI in partnership with Centre for Microfinance (CmF), Colectiv, and the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). The initiative explored the feasibility of using AI-assisted interviewing via WhatsApp (voice and text) to collect timely, scalable qualitative feedback from frontline water governance actors. The study engaged 352 participants across four cohorts, including CmF staff, Pani Mitras, and Panchayat representatives, generating structured qualitative insights to complement routine monitoring systems. Findings reveal the multifaceted role of Pani Mitras, spanning community mobilization, technical promotion, and institutional liaison. Sustained engagement was driven by visible outcomes, training, stewardship, and recognition, while disengagement stemmed from trust deficits, process challenges, and competing responsibilities, particularly affecting women. A key contribution of the pilot was demonstrating the value of “closing the feedback loop,” which led to improved confidence among participants, stronger engagement with local governance institutions, and enhanced ability to navigate water-related schemes. The study also highlights that digital tools require active facilitation to ensure inclusion and must be complemented by human oversight to address risks in AI transcription and translation. As a feasibility pilot, the study underscores the potential of AI-enabled feedback systems to inform adaptive program design and strengthen community water security interventions.Ngoma, HambuloMulungu, KelvinManyanga, MarkSimutowe, EsauMhlanga, BlessingHanke-Louw, NoraWaswa, BoazJacobs-Mata, IngaGivertz, EvanThierfelder, Christianhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1825042026-04-21T12:57:16Z2026-03-30T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Many Partners, Big Numbers? Estimating the Reach of CGIAR – Supported Innovations in East and Southern Africa dc.contributor.author: Ngoma, Hambulo; Mulungu, Kelvin; Manyanga, Mark; Simutowe, Esau; Mhlanga, Blessing; Hanke-Louw, Nora; Waswa, Boaz; Jacobs-Mata, Inga; Givertz, Evan; Thierfelder, Christian dcterms.abstract: As resource envelopes to fund research for development activities become tighter, demonstrating value for money is key. This is difficult for various reasons, chief among these being the failure to embed evaluation frameworks in project design. The multiplicity of scaling partners and their interests, and levels of involvement makes it even more complicated to ensure consistent monitoring and evaluation. We demonstrate how to estimate the reach in research for development projects using a population-based computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey methodology that is statistically representative at the desired administrative unit level. This approach was applied to the CGIAR Research Initiative – Diversification in East and Southern Africa (Ukama Ustawi) implemented with several scaling partners across 12 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. The assessment focused on five of the 12 target countries covered in phase one of implementation. The goal of the assessment was to measure the extent of reach and use of agronomic, mechanization, livestock, and nutrition innovations promoted under Ukama Ustawi, and to assess the extent to which the Initiative reached its intended targets. The data comes from 6,445 randomly sampled rural individuals across 27 districts in the five countries. Approximately 1.05 million people were aware of Ukama Ustawi activities, with Kenya and Zambia showing the highest awareness at 16%. Overall, 164,363 people benefited from various innovations promoted by Ukama Ustawi as of September 2024, about 3 years from the beginning of the project. Of these, 135,767 people were direct beneficiaries in areas where specific interventions were implemented. The rest benefited from spillover effects. About 52% of the beneficiaries were female and 56% were youth aged 18–35 years. Innovation use was highest for minimum tillage and post-harvest mechanization in Zimbabwe, followed by agronomic and mechanization options in Malawi. The benefit-reach ratio was highest in Zimbabwe at 61%, followed by Malawi at 31%. This means that Ukama Ustawi activities were most effective at converting reach to beneficiaries in Zimbabwe and Malawi, partly because implementation was layered on past similar interventions. While our results are comparable to more traditional case studies, our survey approach is nearly fourfold cheaper, demonstrating cost-effectiveness and efficiency. We discuss project design and implementation issues necessary to facilitate this kind of evaluation in international development projects. cg.contributor.initiative: Diversification in East and Southern Africa cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact

2026-03-30T00:00:00ZNgoma, HambuloMulungu, KelvinManyanga, MarkSimutowe, EsauMhlanga, BlessingHanke-Louw, NoraWaswa, BoazJacobs-Mata, IngaGivertz, EvanThierfelder, ChristianAs resource envelopes to fund research for development activities become tighter, demonstrating value for money is key. This is difficult for various reasons, chief among these being the failure to embed evaluation frameworks in project design. The multiplicity of scaling partners and their interests, and levels of involvement makes it even more complicated to ensure consistent monitoring and evaluation. We demonstrate how to estimate the reach in research for development projects using a population-based computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey methodology that is statistically representative at the desired administrative unit level. This approach was applied to the CGIAR Research Initiative – Diversification in East and Southern Africa (Ukama Ustawi) implemented with several scaling partners across 12 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. The assessment focused on five of the 12 target countries covered in phase one of implementation. The goal of the assessment was to measure the extent of reach and use of agronomic, mechanization, livestock, and nutrition innovations promoted under Ukama Ustawi, and to assess the extent to which the Initiative reached its intended targets. The data comes from 6,445 randomly sampled rural individuals across 27 districts in the five countries. Approximately 1.05 million people were aware of Ukama Ustawi activities, with Kenya and Zambia showing the highest awareness at 16%. Overall, 164,363 people benefited from various innovations promoted by Ukama Ustawi as of September 2024, about 3 years from the beginning of the project. Of these, 135,767 people were direct beneficiaries in areas where specific interventions were implemented. The rest benefited from spillover effects. About 52% of the beneficiaries were female and 56% were youth aged 18–35 years. Innovation use was highest for minimum tillage and post-harvest mechanization in Zimbabwe, followed by agronomic and mechanization options in Malawi. The benefit-reach ratio was highest in Zimbabwe at 61%, followed by Malawi at 31%. This means that Ukama Ustawi activities were most effective at converting reach to beneficiaries in Zimbabwe and Malawi, partly because implementation was layered on past similar interventions. While our results are comparable to more traditional case studies, our survey approach is nearly fourfold cheaper, demonstrating cost-effectiveness and efficiency. We discuss project design and implementation issues necessary to facilitate this kind of evaluation in international development projects.Alam, Mohammad Faizhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1824842026-04-15T08:37:53Z2026-04-09T00:00:00Z

dc.title: India Has Built an Extraordinary Foundation of Groundwater Recharge Infrastructure over the Past 20 Years. The Task Now Is to Make It Work dc.contributor.author: Alam, Mohammad Faiz cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-04-09T00:00:00ZAlam, Mohammad FaizFalk, J.Asari, M.Bahar, F.Behera, S.von Braun, J.Caquet, T.Colwell, R.Damania, R.Ebi, K.El-Beltagy, A. E. S. T.Elouafi, IsmahaneHonma, M.Iskanda, L.Köhler, M.Koundouri, P.Lal, R.Leinen, M.Mulligan, C.Nishikawa, H.Pattberg, P.Prabhakar, S.Roopnarine, R.Serageldin, I.Smith, MarkTakara, K.Takeuchi, K.Watanabe, C.Zhang, Q.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823922026-04-07T10:11:33Z2026-03-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Food Security in a Time of Climate–Food–Water–Energy Convergence dc.contributor.author: Falk, J.; Asari, M.; Bahar, F.; Behera, S.; von Braun, J.; Caquet, T.; Colwell, R.; Damania, R.; Ebi, K.; El-Beltagy, A. E. S. T.; Elouafi, Ismahane; Honma, M.; Iskanda, L.; Köhler, M.; Koundouri, P.; Lal, R.; Leinen, M.; Mulligan, C.; Nishikawa, H.; Pattberg, P.; Prabhakar, S.; Roopnarine, R.; Serageldin, I.; Smith, Mark; Takara, K.; Takeuchi, K.; Watanabe, C.; Zhang, Q.

2026-03-01T00:00:00ZFalk, J.Asari, M.Bahar, F.Behera, S.von Braun, J.Caquet, T.Colwell, R.Damania, R.Ebi, K.El-Beltagy, A. E. S. T.Elouafi, IsmahaneHonma, M.Iskanda, L.Köhler, M.Koundouri, P.Lal, R.Leinen, M.Mulligan, C.Nishikawa, H.Pattberg, P.Prabhakar, S.Roopnarine, R.Serageldin, I.Smith, MarkTakara, K.Takeuchi, K.Watanabe, C.Zhang, Q.Belhaj Fraj, M. MakramBergaoui, KarimGafsaoui, Y.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, Moctarhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823912026-04-09T01:10:15Z2026-04-07T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Demande et utilisation de l’eau : Tunisie dc.contributor.author: Belhaj Fraj, M. Makram; Bergaoui, Karim; Gafsaoui, Y.; Schmitter, Petra S.; Dembélé, Moctar dcterms.abstract: L'outil d'analyse de la consommation d'eau (WUT) évalue la consommation saisonnière d'eau d'irrigation dans le réseau d'irrigation de Bouheurtma, en s'appuyant sur les données WaPOR pour fournir des statistiques historiques et en temps réel via une interface accessible aux décideurs non spécialisés. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Digital Transformation; Gender Equality and Inclusion; Sustainable Farming

2026-04-07T00:00:00ZBelhaj Fraj, M. MakramBergaoui, KarimGafsaoui, Y.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, MoctarL'outil d'analyse de la consommation d'eau (WUT) évalue la consommation saisonnière d'eau d'irrigation dans le réseau d'irrigation de Bouheurtma, en s'appuyant sur les données WaPOR pour fournir des statistiques historiques et en temps réel via une interface accessible aux décideurs non spécialisés.Belhaj Fraj, M. MakramBergaoui, KarimBellahreche, A.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, Moctarhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823902026-04-09T01:10:14Z2026-04-07T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Demande et utilisation de l’eau : Algérie dc.contributor.author: Belhaj Fraj, M. Makram; Bergaoui, Karim; Bellahreche, A.; Schmitter, Petra S.; Dembélé, Moctar dcterms.abstract: L'outil d'analyse de la consommation d'eau (WUT) évalue la consommation saisonnière d'eau d'irrigation dans le réseau d'irrigation de Mitidja Ouest. Il utilise les données WaPOR pour fournir des statistiques historiques et en temps réel via une interface conviviale destinée aux décideurs non spécialisés. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Digital Transformation; Gender Equality and Inclusion; Sustainable Farming

2026-04-07T00:00:00ZBelhaj Fraj, M. MakramBergaoui, KarimBellahreche, A.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, MoctarL'outil d'analyse de la consommation d'eau (WUT) évalue la consommation saisonnière d'eau d'irrigation dans le réseau d'irrigation de Mitidja Ouest. Il utilise les données WaPOR pour fournir des statistiques historiques et en temps réel via une interface conviviale destinée aux décideurs non spécialisés.Belhaj Fraj, M. MakramBergaoui, KarimBouselmi, A.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, Moctarhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823882026-04-09T01:08:13Z2026-04-07T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Pilotage de l’irrigation : Tunisi dc.contributor.author: Belhaj Fraj, M. Makram; Bergaoui, Karim; Bouselmi, A.; Schmitter, Petra S.; Dembélé, Moctar dcterms.abstract: L'application « Irrigation Reference to Enhance Yield Smart Irrigation » (IREY App) utilise les données WaPOR pour fournir des alertes d'irrigation haute résolution et en temps quasi réel, adaptées à la demande en eau réelle et prévue dans les zones de culture du blé en Tunisie. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Digital Transformation; Gender Equality and Inclusion; Sustainable Farming

2026-04-07T00:00:00ZBelhaj Fraj, M. MakramBergaoui, KarimBouselmi, A.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, MoctarL'application « Irrigation Reference to Enhance Yield Smart Irrigation » (IREY App) utilise les données WaPOR pour fournir des alertes d'irrigation haute résolution et en temps quasi réel, adaptées à la demande en eau réelle et prévue dans les zones de culture du blé en Tunisie.Zwart, Sander J.Kassambara, B.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, Moctarhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823872026-04-09T01:00:31Z2026-04-06T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Performances d’irrigation: Mali dc.contributor.author: Zwart, Sander J.; Kassambara, B.; Schmitter, Petra S.; Dembélé, Moctar dcterms.abstract: L'outil d'évaluation et de diagnostic des performances d'irrigation (IPADT) fournit des informations fondées sur des données pour la réhabilitation des infrastructures, en combinant des données satellitaires WaPOR haute résolution avec des observations sur le terrain afin d'évaluer les performances d'irrigation. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Digital Transformation; Gender Equality and Inclusion; Sustainable Farming

2026-04-06T00:00:00ZZwart, Sander J.Kassambara, B.Schmitter, Petra S.Dembélé, MoctarL'outil d'évaluation et de diagnostic des performances d'irrigation (IPADT) fournit des informations fondées sur des données pour la réhabilitation des infrastructures, en combinant des données satellitaires WaPOR haute résolution avec des observations sur le terrain afin d'évaluer les performances d'irrigation.Adamseged, Muluken EliasMinh, Thai ThiSchmitter, Petra S.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823782026-04-06T12:33:08Z2026-03-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: WaPOR: Catalysing Data-Driven Solutions through a Co-Creation Approach dc.contributor.author: Adamseged, Muluken Elias; Minh, Thai Thi; Schmitter, Petra S. dcterms.abstract: This working paper presents a co-creation approach to developing and scaling data-driven solutions based on the WaPOR database. The co-creation approach customizes tools derived from the WaPOR portal to local needs, making them more relevant, user friendly, and adapted to various contexts, stimulating ownership and supporting wider adoption. The process involves engaging stakeholders, identifying challenges, co-designing solutions, and incentivizing adoption, with stakeholders continuously engaged to prioritize and address emerging needs. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Sustainable Farming

2026-03-01T00:00:00ZAdamseged, Muluken EliasMinh, Thai ThiSchmitter, Petra S.This working paper presents a co-creation approach to developing and scaling data-driven solutions based on the WaPOR database. The co-creation approach customizes tools derived from the WaPOR portal to local needs, making them more relevant, user friendly, and adapted to various contexts, stimulating ownership and supporting wider adoption. The process involves engaging stakeholders, identifying challenges, co-designing solutions, and incentivizing adoption, with stakeholders continuously engaged to prioritize and address emerging needs.Dembélé, MoctarKoné, A.Amarnath, GirirajZwart, Sander J.Schmitter, Petra S.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823772026-04-09T01:08:24Z2026-04-06T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Suivi de la sécheresse : Mali dc.contributor.author: Dembélé, Moctar; Koné, A.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Zwart, Sander J.; Schmitter, Petra S. dcterms.abstract: Le Système de surveillance de la sécheresse au Mali (MaliDMS) permet de suivre l'apparition, la survenue, la durée, l'étendue et la gravité de la sécheresse à partir de données issues du WaPOR et d'autres données de télédétection à haute résolution générées en temps quasi réel, afin de permettre une évaluation complète des conditions de sécheresse. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Digital Transformation; Gender Equality and Inclusion; Sustainable Farming

2026-04-06T00:00:00ZDembélé, MoctarKoné, A.Amarnath, GirirajZwart, Sander J.Schmitter, Petra S.Le Système de surveillance de la sécheresse au Mali (MaliDMS) permet de suivre l'apparition, la survenue, la durée, l'étendue et la gravité de la sécheresse à partir de données issues du WaPOR et d'autres données de télédétection à haute résolution générées en temps quasi réel, afin de permettre une évaluation complète des conditions de sécheresse.Appiah, SarahOsei-Amponsah, CharityNicol, Alanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823762026-04-15T03:16:02Z2026-04-06T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Stakeholders’ Validation and Capacity Assessment for Gender Integration in Nigeria’s Water Sector Policies and Governance dc.contributor.author: Appiah, Sarah; Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Nicol, Alan dcterms.abstract: The Stakeholders' Validation and Capacity Assessment for Gender Integration workshops organized by IWMI in Abuja and Ibadan, Nigeria, brought together government, civil society, and academia to review findings from a gender analysis of Nigeria’s water governance frameworks and assess readiness for gender mainstreaming. Key challenges identified include weak policy coherence, limited institutional capacity, inadequate funding, sociocultural barriers, and low awareness of gender frameworks, alongside the absence of clear implementation plans and accountability mechanisms. The workshops highlighted the urgent need to align water policies with national gender frameworks, strengthen coordination, and invest in sustained capacity building. Participants expressed a shared commitment to move from dialogue to action in advancing inclusive and gender-responsive water governance in Nigeria. cg.contributor.initiative: National Policies and Strategies cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Policy Innovations

2026-04-06T00:00:00ZAppiah, SarahOsei-Amponsah, CharityNicol, AlanThe Stakeholders' Validation and Capacity Assessment for Gender Integration workshops organized by IWMI in Abuja and Ibadan, Nigeria, brought together government, civil society, and academia to review findings from a gender analysis of Nigeria’s water governance frameworks and assess readiness for gender mainstreaming. Key challenges identified include weak policy coherence, limited institutional capacity, inadequate funding, sociocultural barriers, and low awareness of gender frameworks, alongside the absence of clear implementation plans and accountability mechanisms. The workshops highlighted the urgent need to align water policies with national gender frameworks, strengthen coordination, and invest in sustained capacity building. Participants expressed a shared commitment to move from dialogue to action in advancing inclusive and gender-responsive water governance in Nigeria.Minh, Thai ThiSchmitter, Petra S.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823752026-04-30T12:50:22Z2026-04-02T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Adaptive Scaling to Achieve System Transformation in CGIAR dc.contributor.author: Minh, Thai Thi; Schmitter, Petra S. dcterms.abstract: Scaling agricultural innovations remains central to achieving development outcomes, yet prevailing approaches often equate success with widespread adoption of discrete technologies. Tools such as stage gating, scaling readiness, and scaling scans help assess scalability but do not sufficiently address the systemic changes required for sustained impact. Evidence shows that adoption alone does not guarantee improvements in productivity, food security, or environmental outcomes without parallel shifts in institutions, incentives, and market structures. This technical brief reframes scaling as a dynamic, system-wide process embedded in complex socio-economic, ecological, and policy environments. Building on innovation systems and ecosystem thinking, the Adaptive Scaling Ecosystem (ASEco) framework conceptualizes scaling as a co-evolutionary process involving multiple actors, networks, and subsystems. It emphasizes four interconnected functions—niche, reach, accelerate, and transform—guided by five principles: adaptability, responsiveness, reflectiveness, inclusiveness, and flexibility. Together, these enable continuous learning, coordination, and adjustment across scaling pathways. Niche supports experimentation and innovation development; reach drives adoption and market expansion; accelerate strengthens enabling environments and investments; and transform reshapes system structures, governance, and practices. Application of ASEco demonstrates how combining technological, financial, and institutional innovations can address systemic barriers, strengthen value chains, and foster inclusive participation. Adaptive scaling highlights the importance of multi-actor collaboration, context-specific pathways, and feedback loops to manage trade-offs and risks. By embedding scaling within innovation ecosystems, CGIAR can better align interventions with its impact areas, including poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, and climate resilience. This approach ultimately enables more sustainable, inclusive, and transformative outcomes at scale. cg.contributor.initiative: Mixed Farming Systems cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact; Sustainable Farming

2026-04-02T00:00:00ZMinh, Thai ThiSchmitter, Petra S.Scaling agricultural innovations remains central to achieving development outcomes, yet prevailing approaches often equate success with widespread adoption of discrete technologies. Tools such as stage gating, scaling readiness, and scaling scans help assess scalability but do not sufficiently address the systemic changes required for sustained impact. Evidence shows that adoption alone does not guarantee improvements in productivity, food security, or environmental outcomes without parallel shifts in institutions, incentives, and market structures. This technical brief reframes scaling as a dynamic, system-wide process embedded in complex socio-economic, ecological, and policy environments. Building on innovation systems and ecosystem thinking, the Adaptive Scaling Ecosystem (ASEco) framework conceptualizes scaling as a co-evolutionary process involving multiple actors, networks, and subsystems. It emphasizes four interconnected functions—niche, reach, accelerate, and transform—guided by five principles: adaptability, responsiveness, reflectiveness, inclusiveness, and flexibility. Together, these enable continuous learning, coordination, and adjustment across scaling pathways. Niche supports experimentation and innovation development; reach drives adoption and market expansion; accelerate strengthens enabling environments and investments; and transform reshapes system structures, governance, and practices. Application of ASEco demonstrates how combining technological, financial, and institutional innovations can address systemic barriers, strengthen value chains, and foster inclusive participation. Adaptive scaling highlights the importance of multi-actor collaboration, context-specific pathways, and feedback loops to manage trade-offs and risks. By embedding scaling within innovation ecosystems, CGIAR can better align interventions with its impact areas, including poverty reduction, food security, gender equality, and climate resilience. This approach ultimately enables more sustainable, inclusive, and transformative outcomes at scale.Mahapatra, SmaranikaPandey, ShivamVelpuri, Naga ManoharSchmitter, Petra S.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823742026-04-30T12:50:22Z2026-04-02T00:00:00Z

dc.title: A New Water Balance Model Leveraging Satellite Observations for Effective Water Management Decisions in Data-Scarce Paddy-Dominated Regions dc.contributor.author: Mahapatra, Smaranika; Pandey, Shivam; Velpuri, Naga Manohar; Schmitter, Petra S. dcterms.abstract: Rice is consumed by roughly half the world's population, but its cultivation demands large volumes of water, accounting for 24–40% of global irrigation supplies. In Bihar's Eastern Gangetic Plains, rice is extensively grown across the landscape, yet farmers and stakeholders struggle to use water effectively due to lack of field hydrological information. Existing water balance models fail to capture paddy-specific hydrological processes, including ponding dynamics (depth and duration), soil water level fluctuation, and bund-influenced surface runoff. Even the limited modified water balance models for paddy which exist now cannot function in the data-scarce regions. The conventional Water Accounting Plus (WA+) framework operates at a coarser scale, and unable to capture above paddy field dynamics. To address these limitations, a new water balance framework (PaddyWA+), a daily water-accounting model, modified for paddy-dominated landscapes, was developed that integrates high-resolution (30-m) evapotranspiration data with satellite-derived inputs. It explicitly incorporates paddy-specific features: field bund heights, hardpan percolation constraints, and ponding dynamics. Analysis of PaddyWA+ results reveals significant regional variability in ponding depths and soil water levels across Bihar's districts, with southwestern regions experiencing notable water stress. The model demonstrates that in Bihar, rainfall accounts for most of the water used in paddy fields. As the framework supports irrigation scheduling, water budgeting, climate adaptation planning, and the assessment of methane mitigation potential, it will establish a scalable pathway for water management in rice-dominated regions. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Sustainable Farming

2026-04-02T00:00:00ZMahapatra, SmaranikaPandey, ShivamVelpuri, Naga ManoharSchmitter, Petra S.Rice is consumed by roughly half the world's population, but its cultivation demands large volumes of water, accounting for 24–40% of global irrigation supplies. In Bihar's Eastern Gangetic Plains, rice is extensively grown across the landscape, yet farmers and stakeholders struggle to use water effectively due to lack of field hydrological information. Existing water balance models fail to capture paddy-specific hydrological processes, including ponding dynamics (depth and duration), soil water level fluctuation, and bund-influenced surface runoff. Even the limited modified water balance models for paddy which exist now cannot function in the data-scarce regions. The conventional Water Accounting Plus (WA+) framework operates at a coarser scale, and unable to capture above paddy field dynamics. To address these limitations, a new water balance framework (PaddyWA+), a daily water-accounting model, modified for paddy-dominated landscapes, was developed that integrates high-resolution (30-m) evapotranspiration data with satellite-derived inputs. It explicitly incorporates paddy-specific features: field bund heights, hardpan percolation constraints, and ponding dynamics. Analysis of PaddyWA+ results reveals significant regional variability in ponding depths and soil water levels across Bihar's districts, with southwestern regions experiencing notable water stress. The model demonstrates that in Bihar, rainfall accounts for most of the water used in paddy fields. As the framework supports irrigation scheduling, water budgeting, climate adaptation planning, and the assessment of methane mitigation potential, it will establish a scalable pathway for water management in rice-dominated regions.Wondie, M.Mekuria, WoldeAmare, D.Katzensteiner, K.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823732026-04-06T05:40:03Z2026-05-01T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Scenario-Based Land Management Options for the Highlands of Ethiopia: A Decision Support Tool to Implement Rural Land Use Plans dc.contributor.author: Wondie, M.; Mekuria, Wolde; Amare, D.; Katzensteiner, K. dcterms.abstract: The implementation of locally acceptable land management practices is crucial to improving the livelihoods of local communities and reducing the degradation of ecosystem services. This is particularly important in mountain regions, where steep slopes, fragile soils, high erosion risk, and climate variability intensify land degradation and livelihood shocks, while also influencing downstream water regulation and sediment delivery. This study was conducted in Tara Gedam watershed, northwestern Ethiopia, to evaluate 4 ecosystem-service-based scenarios—business as usual (BAU), transition agriculture (TAG), intensified agriculture (INA), and optimized ecosystem services (OPE)—as land management options using the analytic hierarchy process method. A stakeholder workshop and group discussions with farmers, agricultural experts, and local decision-makers were conducted to set criteria for selecting the best management option. Livelihood benefits and environmental improvements were rated highest and are therefore the most influential factors in selecting land management options. These 2 criteria were responsible for the best performance of OPE and INA. INA and/or TAG were the options preferred by farmers because they provide livelihood benefits within a shorter time than OPE. Smallholder farmers should therefore be provided with financial and technical support to implement OPE. The results of this study will contribute to the knowledge base of agricultural experts to support future implementation of rural land use plans in the highlands and mountain regions of Ethiopia.

2026-05-01T00:00:00ZWondie, M.Mekuria, WoldeAmare, D.Katzensteiner, K.The implementation of locally acceptable land management practices is crucial to improving the livelihoods of local communities and reducing the degradation of ecosystem services. This is particularly important in mountain regions, where steep slopes, fragile soils, high erosion risk, and climate variability intensify land degradation and livelihood shocks, while also influencing downstream water regulation and sediment delivery. This study was conducted in Tara Gedam watershed, northwestern Ethiopia, to evaluate 4 ecosystem-service-based scenarios—business as usual (BAU), transition agriculture (TAG), intensified agriculture (INA), and optimized ecosystem services (OPE)—as land management options using the analytic hierarchy process method. A stakeholder workshop and group discussions with farmers, agricultural experts, and local decision-makers were conducted to set criteria for selecting the best management option. Livelihood benefits and environmental improvements were rated highest and are therefore the most influential factors in selecting land management options. These 2 criteria were responsible for the best performance of OPE and INA. INA and/or TAG were the options preferred by farmers because they provide livelihood benefits within a shorter time than OPE. Smallholder farmers should therefore be provided with financial and technical support to implement OPE. The results of this study will contribute to the knowledge base of agricultural experts to support future implementation of rural land use plans in the highlands and mountain regions of Ethiopia.Osei-Amponsah, CharityDembélé, MoctarAkpoti, Komlavihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823722026-04-22T01:09:55Z2026-04-02T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Amplifying National Climate Action: Insights from Conference of Parties (COP) Engagements in Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Togo dc.contributor.author: Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Dembélé, Moctar; Akpoti, Komlavi

2026-04-02T00:00:00ZOsei-Amponsah, CharityDembélé, MoctarAkpoti, KomlaviPattinson, N. B.Russell, C.Langa, NicoleDarlington, DaniellaGraham, M.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823622026-04-09T01:06:12Z2026-04-02T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Model Framework for a Citizen Science Water Monitoring System in the Limpopo River Basin dc.contributor.author: Pattinson, N. B.; Russell, C.; Langa, Nicole; Darlington, Daniella; Graham, M. dcterms.abstract: This technical report presents a model framework for establishing a citizen science water monitoring system in the Limpopo River Basin. The basin faces significant environmental pressures, including water scarcity, declining water quality, climate variability, and growing socio-economic demands. Addressing these challenges is constrained by persistent data gaps, which limit effective water resource management. The framework proposes a six-step, iterative approach to integrating citizen science into basin-scale monitoring and decision-making. These steps include: (1) establishing a diverse and inclusive partner network; (2) implementing Training-of-Trainers programs to build local capacity; (3) engaging communities to recruit and train citizen scientists; (4) designing robust systems for data collection, curation, and storage aligned with FAIR principles; (5) visualizing and reporting data through integration with a river basin Digital Twin; and (6) developing sustainable inincentivization mechanisms to support participation. A central innovation is the integration of citizen-generated data into the Limpopo River Basin Digital Twin, enabling near real-time visualization, AI-assisted analysis, and improved data-to-action pathways for decision-makers. The framework emphasizes inclusivity, co-design, ethical data practices, and adaptive management through continuous feedback loops. The model demonstrates how citizen science can enhance environmental monitoring, empower communities, and strengthen transboundary water governance. While tailored to the Limpopo River Basin, it is designed as a scalable and adaptable approach for other river basins globally, contributing to improved water security, climate resilience, and achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Digital Transformation

2026-04-02T00:00:00ZPattinson, N. B.Russell, C.Langa, NicoleDarlington, DaniellaGraham, M.This technical report presents a model framework for establishing a citizen science water monitoring system in the Limpopo River Basin. The basin faces significant environmental pressures, including water scarcity, declining water quality, climate variability, and growing socio-economic demands. Addressing these challenges is constrained by persistent data gaps, which limit effective water resource management. The framework proposes a six-step, iterative approach to integrating citizen science into basin-scale monitoring and decision-making. These steps include: (1) establishing a diverse and inclusive partner network; (2) implementing Training-of-Trainers programs to build local capacity; (3) engaging communities to recruit and train citizen scientists; (4) designing robust systems for data collection, curation, and storage aligned with FAIR principles; (5) visualizing and reporting data through integration with a river basin Digital Twin; and (6) developing sustainable inincentivization mechanisms to support participation. A central innovation is the integration of citizen-generated data into the Limpopo River Basin Digital Twin, enabling near real-time visualization, AI-assisted analysis, and improved data-to-action pathways for decision-makers. The framework emphasizes inclusivity, co-design, ethical data practices, and adaptive management through continuous feedback loops. The model demonstrates how citizen science can enhance environmental monitoring, empower communities, and strengthen transboundary water governance. While tailored to the Limpopo River Basin, it is designed as a scalable and adaptable approach for other river basins globally, contributing to improved water security, climate resilience, and achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.Osei-Amponsah, CharityMinh, Thai ThiAtampugre, GeraldOke, AdebayoCofie, Olufunke O.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823612026-04-09T01:07:27Z2026-04-02T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Stakeholder Profiling and Innovation Scaling Demand Signaling in Nigeria dc.contributor.author: Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Minh, Thai Thi; Atampugre, Gerald; Oke, Adebayo; Cofie, Olufunke O. dcterms.abstract: This report analyzes demand signals for scaling innovations in Nigeria’s agri-food, water, and climate sectors, and is based on a workshop that took place on December 4, 2026 in Abuja. By profiling five key stakeholder groups—ranging from the public sector and private investors to farmers and donors—the study evaluates how these actors articulate priorities and constraints. The findings highlight a strong market pull for climate-smart agriculture, digital solutions, and improved supply chains. However, demand articulation is currently fragmented due to infrastructure deficits, weak coordination, and capacity gaps. Moving beyond a simple ‘technology push’, stakeholders emphasized systemic needs over purely technical ones. Successful scaling requires bundled solutions that integrate finance, policy support, and social legitimacy with the technology itself. The report concludes that to achieve meaningful impact, innovation design must be more demand-responsive, shifting toward integrated scaling pathways that address the complex, institutional realities of the Nigerian landscape. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Scaling for Impact

2026-04-02T00:00:00ZOsei-Amponsah, CharityMinh, Thai ThiAtampugre, GeraldOke, AdebayoCofie, Olufunke O.This report analyzes demand signals for scaling innovations in Nigeria’s agri-food, water, and climate sectors, and is based on a workshop that took place on December 4, 2026 in Abuja. By profiling five key stakeholder groups—ranging from the public sector and private investors to farmers and donors—the study evaluates how these actors articulate priorities and constraints. The findings highlight a strong market pull for climate-smart agriculture, digital solutions, and improved supply chains. However, demand articulation is currently fragmented due to infrastructure deficits, weak coordination, and capacity gaps. Moving beyond a simple ‘technology push’, stakeholders emphasized systemic needs over purely technical ones. Successful scaling requires bundled solutions that integrate finance, policy support, and social legitimacy with the technology itself. The report concludes that to achieve meaningful impact, innovation design must be more demand-responsive, shifting toward integrated scaling pathways that address the complex, institutional realities of the Nigerian landscape.Somorin, TosinGebrezgabher, Solomie A.Amponsah, AndohKhalifa, MuhammadRuckstuhl, Sandrahttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/1823022026-04-09T01:11:47Z2026-03-30T00:00:00Z

dc.title: Leveraging Circular Bioeconomy for Resilience in Sudan’s Refugee-Hosting Communities dc.contributor.author: Somorin, Tosin; Gebrezgabher, Solomie A.; Amponsah, Andoh; Khalifa, Muhammad; Ruckstuhl, Sandra dcterms.abstract: This report examines how circular bioeconomy approaches can enhance resilience in Sudan’s refugee-hosting communities, particularly in White Nile, Gedaref, and Kassala. The objective is to identify practical, low-infrastructure pathways for converting locally available organic waste and by-products into resources that support food, energy, sanitation, and livelihoods. Drawing on a desk-based assessment, the study provides a framework for integrating resource recovery into humanitarian and development interventions under conditions of limited data and access constraints. The findings indicate that while organic waste, agricultural residues, and wastewater streams present important opportunities for resource recovery, their quantities, distribution, and consistency remain poorly quantified, constraining precise system design and scaling. Despite this uncertainty, five priority pathways are identified based on evidence from comparable humanitarian contexts: nutrient recycling to support food systems; decentralized bioenergy for clean cooking and services; feed production for displaced livestock; small-scale wastewater reuse for irrigation; and community-based bioproduct enterprises. These pathways demonstrate the potential to convert waste streams into valuable inputs while requiring flexible, context-specific approaches suited to dispersed and variable resources. Embedding circular bioeconomy approaches within the humanitarian–development–peace nexus offers a promising pathway for both immediate needs and long-term resilience, but effectiveness depends on stronger data, capacity, infrastructure, and governance. cg.contributor.programAccelerator: Food Frontiers and Security

2026-03-30T00:00:00ZSomorin, TosinGebrezgabher, Solomie A.Amponsah, AndohKhalifa, MuhammadRuckstuhl, SandraThis report examines how circular bioeconomy approaches can enhance resilience in Sudan’s refugee-hosting communities, particularly in White Nile, Gedaref, and Kassala. The objective is to identify practical, low-infrastructure pathways for converting locally available organic waste and by-products into resources that support food, energy, sanitation, and livelihoods. Drawing on a desk-based assessment, the study provides a framework for integrating resource recovery into humanitarian and development interventions under conditions of limited data and access constraints. The findings indicate that while organic waste, agricultural residues, and wastewater streams present important opportunities for resource recovery, their quantities, distribution, and consistency remain poorly quantified, constraining precise system design and scaling. Despite this uncertainty, five priority pathways are identified based on evidence from comparable humanitarian contexts: nutrient recycling to support food systems; decentralized bioenergy for clean cooking and services; feed production for displaced livestock; small-scale wastewater reuse for irrigation; and community-based bioproduct enterprises. These pathways demonstrate the potential to convert waste streams into valuable inputs while requiring flexible, context-specific approaches suited to dispersed and variable resources. Embedding circular bioeconomy approaches within the humanitarian–development–peace nexus offers a promising pathway for both immediate needs and long-term resilience, but effectiveness depends on stronger data, capacity, infrastructure, and governance.