<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 08:43:36 +0000</lastBuildDate><category>Retiree Advocate</category><category>&#39;t th</category><category>.</category><title>ICEUFT Blog</title><description>The Official Blog of the Independent Community of Educators, a caucus of the United Federation of Teachers</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>3219</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-6973459239800585916</guid><pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2025 14:35:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2025-06-20T10:35:14.910-04:00</atom:updated><title>A Betrayal of Public Trust: Why New York&#39;s Retirees Will Ultimately Prevail</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The New York Court of Appeals&#39; decision in &lt;a href=&quot;https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/court-of-appeals/2025/57.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bentkowski v.City of New York&lt;/a&gt; represents a troubling abdication of judicial responsibility
that prioritizes municipal budget constraints over the fundamental promise of
good faith that binds employer to employee. While the Court&#39;s narrow focus on
the technicalities of &quot;clear and unambiguous promises&quot; may have
temporarily shielded the City from accountability on promissory estoppel
grounds, the decision leaves intact multiple powerful causes of action that
virtually guarantee the retirees will ultimately prevail when the case returns
to the trial court.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Court of Appeals committed a fundamental error by
applying an artificially restrictive interpretation of what constitutes a
&quot;clear and unambiguous promise.&quot; The Court dismissed decades of
consistent representations in Summary Program Descriptions (SPDs) as merely
&quot;descriptive and for informational purposes only,&quot; ignoring the basic
principle that contractual obligations can arise from a course of conduct and
reasonable reliance, not just from formal written agreements.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Court&#39;s parsing of verb tenses—focusing on present tense
language like &quot;becomes eligible,&quot; &quot;is provided,&quot; and
&quot;supplements&quot;—represents a triumph of form over substance that would
make even the most pedantic grammarian blush. When the City tells employees
year after year that Medicare &quot;provides&quot; first-level benefits and the
City&#39;s program &quot;provides&quot; second-level benefits to &quot;fill certain
gaps in Medicare coverage,&quot; any reasonable person would understand this as
a commitment to continue that structure.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Most egregiously, the Court dismissed the phrase &quot;and
thereafter&quot; as referring only to Medicare eligibility timing, not future
benefits. This interpretation is not just wrong—it&#39;s absurd. The plain language
clearly indicates that City benefits would continue &quot;thereafter&quot; once
Medicare eligibility begins. To read it otherwise requires willful blindness to
the obvious meaning.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Despite the Court&#39;s rejection of the promissory estoppel
claim, the remand to the trial court preserves numerous causes of action that
provide clear pathways to victory. Each represents a distinct legal theory
capable of delivering complete relief to the retirees.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Second Cause of Action under the Retiree Health
Insurance Moratorium Act provides a compelling path to victory. This statute
explicitly prohibits reducing teacher retiree benefits unless active employees
face corresponding reductions. The facts demonstrate a clear violation: the
City&#39;s contributions dropped from $191.57 per month to $15-22.50 per month for
retirees while active employees retained their plan choices and superior
coverage. The law was specifically designed to protect retirees who lack collective
bargaining power, making this differential treatment precisely what the
legislature sought to prevent.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Ninth Cause of Action under the NYC Administrative
Procedure Act (CAPA) addresses the City&#39;s deliberate circumvention of required
rulemaking procedures. The healthcare policy change constitutes rulemaking that
affects a quarter-million retirees and creates binding standards of general
applicability. The City&#39;s failure to provide public notice and comment
procedures violated the procedural rights of every affected retiree and
represents a fundamental breach of administrative law that courts cannot overlook.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Sixth and Seventh Causes of Action under both NYC and
New York State Human Rights Laws present powerful discrimination claims. The
policy creates a disparate impact on disabled retirees under 65 who are
Medicare-eligible due to disability. While non-disabled under-65 retirees keep
their existing coverage options, disabled retirees are forced into inferior
Medicare Advantage plans. This class-based discrimination against people with
disabilities—those most needing healthcare access—violates fundamental civil
rights protections and cannot be justified by mere cost savings.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Third Cause of Action challenging the dangerous
disruption of life-saving treatment presents compelling grounds for immediate
relief. Retirees with cancer and other serious conditions face the impossible
choice between continuity of care and financial ruin. Many cannot obtain
supplemental coverage due to pre-existing conditions, while others face
underwriting barriers that make coverage unaffordable. The policy&#39;s arbitrary
implementation, without consideration of individual medical circumstances, fails
even the most basic rational basis review given its life-threatening impact on
vulnerable populations.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Fourth Cause of Action addresses the City&#39;s failure to
provide adequate information for such a momentous decision. Major healthcare
decisions require accurate, complete information as a matter of procedural due
process. The City made material misrepresentations, falsely assuring retirees
their doctors would accept the new plan. Many retirees never received
comprehensive information packages, while the deliberately complex opt-out
process proved especially burdensome for elderly participants. Given the irreversible
nature of this one-time decision with permanent consequences, the lack of full
disclosure constitutes a fundamental due process violation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Eighth Cause of Action for unjust enrichment recognizes
that healthcare benefits represent earned deferred compensation, not gratuitous
benefits. Mayor Adams himself called this policy a &quot;bait and switch&quot;
before taking office, acknowledging its unconscionable nature. The City will
reap hundreds of millions in annual savings while benefiting from federal
Medicare Advantage subsidies, all while shifting costs to vulnerable retirees
after decades of faithful service. Good conscience demands restitution of these
ill-gotten savings.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Eleventh Cause of Action under the Donnelly Act
addresses the City&#39;s creation of an unlawful monopoly through its exclusive
Aetna contract. The City bypassed competitive bidding processes, eliminating
competition among insurers and depriving retirees of choice and competitive
pricing benefits. Ironically, Aetna previously made similar antitrust arguments
against another City plan, demonstrating the anticompetitive nature of such
arrangements.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Tenth Cause of Action recognizes the City&#39;s special
relationship with its retirees and the fiduciary duty to provide accurate
healthcare information. The City&#39;s material misstatements about provider
acceptance and plan benefits, combined with false assurances about the opt-out
process, created reasonable reliance that continues to cause harm. The City
knew retirees would rely on these statements for enrollment decisions, making
the negligent provision of false information particularly egregious.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Beyond the legal technicalities lies a fundamental question
of fairness and public policy. The City of New York recruited employees for
decades with the explicit promise of comprehensive health benefits in
retirement. These employees—teachers, firefighters, police officers, and
countless other public servants—accepted lower wages than they could have
earned in the private sector based on the understanding that their retirement
security was guaranteed.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Many of these retirees are now in their 70s and 80s, having
planned their retirement finances around the expectation of Medicare
supplemental coverage. Some have relocated to states where they cannot obtain
supplemental coverage due to pre-existing conditions. Others lack the financial
resources to purchase private coverage. The City&#39;s decision to abandon these
vulnerable retirees represents a breathtaking betrayal of the social compact
that binds government to its workers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Court of Appeals&#39; decision should be understood as a
temporary setback rather than a definitive defeat. While the Court&#39;s analysis
of promissory estoppel was problematic, it leaves intact multiple independent
causes of action, each capable of providing complete relief. The trial court&#39;s
previous sympathy for the retirees&#39; position, combined with the opportunity for
more complete factual development, creates a favorable environment for ultimate
success.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The remaining causes of action span constitutional law,
statutory violations, civil rights protections, antitrust law, and fundamental
due process rights. The City cannot simultaneously violate the state
constitution, ignore statutory protections, discriminate against disabled
individuals, endanger lives, deny due process, engage in antitrust violations,
and commit unjust enrichment while expecting judicial protection.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Perhaps most importantly, the moral force of the retirees&#39;
position remains undiminished. They kept their part of the bargain, serving the
City faithfully for decades in exchange for promised retirement security. The
City&#39;s attempt to renege on that promise while hiding behind legal
technicalities represents exactly the kind of conduct that courts exist to
remedy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;When this case returns to the trial court, it will do so
with a powerful arsenal of legal theories that survived appellate review. The
constitutional claims alone provide sufficient grounds for complete victory,
while the statutory violations, civil rights protections, and due process
claims offer multiple alternative paths to the same destination.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The trial court proceedings will allow for complete factual
development, revealing the full scope of the City&#39;s representations and the
devastating impact on vulnerable retirees. This expanded record will only
strengthen the retirees&#39; position and highlight the unconscionable nature of
the City&#39;s conduct.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Justice delayed is not justice denied. When this case
concludes—as it inevitably will—with vindication for New York&#39;s retired public
servants, the Court of Appeals&#39; decision will be remembered as a regrettable
detour rather than a final destination. The multiple causes of action that
remain provide not just hope, but virtual certainty that these retirees will
ultimately prevail.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The City of New York made a promise. The remaining legal
theories ensure it will be forced to keep it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2025/06/a-betrayal-of-public-trust-why-new.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-7103183162973891059</guid><pubDate>Wed, 25 Dec 2024 15:31:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-12-25T10:31:08.088-05:00</atom:updated><title>Upcoming UFT Election is Discussed at ICE Meeting</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;Wednesday, Dec. 25,
2024 - Merry Xmas and Happy Hanukkah!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;Submitted by Norm
Scott&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;ICE had an excellent
discussion on the UFT election Sunday night with a mix of retirees and working
educators on zoom. Two prominent ABC activists were invited to participate.
Questions were raised early on by people who had not been fully informed on all
the election permutations about the advisability of running two slates. The
history of ABC as a group that began meeting last April and through October
included all the caucuses until they dropped out, was reviewed and
enlightening.&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;It was great to see
ICE 2004 presidential candidate Marilyn Beckford zooming in with some very hard
questions related to the multiple slate issue but by the end she made a
rousing&amp;nbsp; comment on the exciting possibilities of ABC. Her points were
consistently on target and pertinent as she pushed to get answers to what to
many is a confusing situation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;Even Mike Schirtzer
chimed in from Ecuador.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;A possible path to
victory for ABC in a 3-way race with Unity and the caucus coalition was laid
out but the most important point was made by Ira Goldfine, a longtime pal and
activist going back to 1971, where he said the&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;election outcome was not
the most important thin&lt;/b&gt;g, but the&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;unique opportunity to cause the
first major break in Unity Caucus in 60 years that would have long-lasting
effects even if Unity won.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;And ABC was uniquely
in the position to exploit that Unity break in a judicious campaign, which the
Caucus coalitions would not be capable of doing for reasons I explained in a
recent post (&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/&quot; title=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/#&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: blue; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;UFT Elections: The Two Slate
Solutio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;n).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;I also posed a sort of
solution to the two-slate situation: Run two slates but with many of the same
candidates who would get the sum total of votes from both slates. Run one
presidential candidate, 6 adcom and just enough candidates to win the exec
bd.&amp;nbsp; Now this is not the position of ABC but my own concoction and there
is time to work something out. Someone pointed out that the very existence of
two slates even with common candidates would be confusing and lead to some
people not voting, a serious point, but there are also advantages to having
each group run its own version of a campaign without having to get permission
of the other group and if ABC can penetrate deeper into the schools, while the
caucus coalition pulls on its base and whatever the retiree vote brings in,
plus the key point of Unity defections, this may be a winning combo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;I floated this idea to
someone in MORE the other day and he said a mixed election where Unity would
still have a big share could be a disaster. I disagreed, saying if we believe
in proportional representation, having all caucuses and independents including
Unity would invigorate the union. My idea seems to be dying on the vine for
both groups. Well, I tried.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;A reso was floated for
ICE to endorse the ABC slate and while the sentiment was YES, ICE will continue
to discuss the issue into the New Year. It was pointed out that ICE was never
considered to be a serious enough group to be invited to join the 3 major
caucuses, while ICE played a significant role with UFC 3 years ago.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;Here is a proposed
reso that includes a call for all caucuses and independents to join the ABC
slate.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ICE UFT Endorses ABC -
A Better Contract Slate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Independent Community of Educators (ICE UFT), known for championing
member-driven initiatives and transparent, democratic practices, is proud to
endorse ABC - A Better Contract.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thousands of United Federation of Teachers (UFT) members, many engaging with
their union for the first time, are stepping up—sharing surveys, signing
petitions, and attending open Member Assemblies. These educators, like you, are
ready to lead and deliver the changes that UFT members want and need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ABC represents a team of educators committed to:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cost-of-living raises to keep up with
inflation and protect member earnings,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fixing Tier 6 so all members can retire
with dignity,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fighting for Para pay parity to honor
the essential work of our paraprofessionals,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Securing quality healthcare benefits
without sacrificing member wages,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Improving working conditions for every
educator,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Championing professional autonomy, and&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Defending public education against
privatization and attacks on unions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This slate includes first-time candidates and long-time chapter leaders—both
energized and experienced—ready to lead the union on day one and deliver the
meaningful change educators deserve.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;ABC began with the
ambition to bring all caucuses together and ensure there was a concerted effort
to reach members that have never voted before. They did not want this attempt
to win leadership of the UFT to be the typical closed door of negotiation with
each faction taking time from campaigning and bargaining over how many seats
with a focus&amp;nbsp; on their own caucus branding.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;We believe that
together, we can build a stronger, fairer union that puts members first. The
time for real progress is now.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #242424; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #b6d7a8;&quot;&gt;We invite UFT members
to stand with ABC and be part of this push for progress. Learn more at&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://abettercontract.org/&quot; title=&quot;http://abettercontract.org&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: blue; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;abettercontract.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and follow them on social
media for updates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In solidarity,&lt;br /&gt;
ICE UFT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #d9f2d0;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/12/upcoming-uft-election-is-discussed-at.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>3</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-5101995157351172773</guid><pubDate>Fri, 06 Dec 2024 10:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-12-06T05:43:00.122-05:00</atom:updated><title>The UFT&#39;s Failure to Value Teachers&#39; Time: A Costly Oversight</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation-0&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;The concept of overtime pay, including the
standard time-and-a-half rate, has its roots in the early 20th century labor
movement.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2799448203=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2799448203=&quot;&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Workers&#39; advocates
fought for better working conditions, fair wages, and limitations on excessive
work hours. &lt;span class=&quot;citation-1&quot;&gt;The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, a
landmark piece of federal legislation, established the 40-hour workweek and
mandated overtime pay for most workers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Our Union has a responsibility to
advocate for its members and ensure fair compensation. Yet, the union&#39;s current
stance on overtime pay for teachers is a glaring oversight that undervalues the
countless hours educators dedicate to their craft.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Principals often wield unchecked
discretion when assigning overtime, leading to a system rife with favoritism
and inequity. Teachers who are willing to go the extra mile, regardless of
their workload or personal commitments, are frequently exploited. This lack of
standardized overtime compensation not only disincentivizes hard work but also
fosters resentment and demoralization among educators.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The financial implications of this
systemic undervaluation are staggering. Let&#39;s break down the numbers:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Assuming an average of 1 hour of
overtime per day per teacher:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Average hourly wage for an 8-year teacher with a
     Master&#39;s:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $70&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Daily overtime earnings at the standard rate:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $57.27/hour * 1 hour = $57.27&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Daily overtime earnings at time-and-a-half:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $70/hour * 1.5 * 1 hour = $105&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Daily loss per teacher:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $105 - $57.27 = $47.74&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Annual loss for 80,000 teachers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $47.74/day * 180 days/year * 80,000 teachers = &lt;b&gt;$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;687,456,000&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Coverage Pay:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Current coverage pay rate:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $48.14 for 40 minutes (or 0.67 hours)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hourly wage for an 8-year teacher with a Master&#39;s:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $70&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Earnings at the standard rate for 40 minutes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $70/hour * 0.67 hours = $46.90&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Earnings at time-and-a-half for 40 minutes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $70/hour * 1.5 * 0.67 hours = $70.35&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Loss per coverage assignment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; $70.35 - $46.90 = $23.45&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Just compensating teachers for the 2
“free” coverages we are required to do, by contract, calculates to a loss of
$46.90 each year or, for 80,000 teachers, $3,752,000. And it is rare to find a
teacher who hasn’t done more than their 2 free coverages. (Why are the first 2
coverages uncompensated, anyway?)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;These figures represent a
significant loss for New York City teachers. By not fighting for
time-and-a-half pay, the UFT is essentially allowing educators to be
undercompensated for their extra work.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The UFT must take decisive action to
address this issue. By negotiating a fair overtime policy, the union can ensure
that teachers are compensated appropriately for their extra efforts. A
standardized system, with clear guidelines and oversight, would prevent
arbitrary decisions by principals and promote a more equitable distribution of
overtime work.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;It is time for the UFT to prioritize
the well-being of its members and fight for the compensation they deserve. By
valuing teachers&#39; time and advocating for fair overtime pay, the union can help
restore morale, improve retention, and ultimately enhance the quality of
education for all students.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/12/the-ufts-failure-to-value-teachers-time.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-6894388534328059152</guid><pubDate>Tue, 03 Dec 2024 10:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-12-03T05:30:00.135-05:00</atom:updated><title>We Must Join Forces in the 2025 UFT Elections</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;Ind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.7pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;du&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;(I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;T)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;is
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letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;dd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ct,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;et&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;er &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ork&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;oppo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;si&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ac&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;kr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;als&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;pro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;est&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;er t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;CE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;lla&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;bor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;er&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt; e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ffor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt; c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;alle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;he &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ich&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;po&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;liti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;er&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ix
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;eca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;WordSection1&quot;&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 11.3pt; margin-top: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;od&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;IC&lt;/span&gt;E&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;lli&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;all
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;em&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ber&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;mem&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;use&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: 3.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;ite&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;n i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;te&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;up&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;mi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;cti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ons&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;go&lt;/span&gt;al&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;aliti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;of d&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ati&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;its&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;pr&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Mic&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ha&lt;/span&gt;el&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;M&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;gr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;w,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fa&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;iticism&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r
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&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;il&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;ri&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;iti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;z&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;mb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ce&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;s.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ce&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;xa&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;es &lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;cl&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ud&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;mis&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;oo&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ty&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;dur&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;V&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;D&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;9&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;emic&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;atiz&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ea&lt;/span&gt;lt&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;ical
m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;en&lt;/span&gt;t,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;E&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;-UF&lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;pha&lt;/span&gt;siz&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;ly&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;h&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;lla&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ati&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;
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letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;bou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;its&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt; e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ffor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;yo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;can&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;xp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 2.75pt; margin-top: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;O&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;sta&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ds&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ho&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;in t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;&#39;&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;el&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;cti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;will
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;et&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;mi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fu&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ur&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hoo&lt;/span&gt;ls,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ork&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;our d&lt;/span&gt;aily&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;es.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;ec&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ad&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;C&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ha&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;mi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ead&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;eir&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;te&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nur&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;en
ma&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rk&lt;/span&gt;ed&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;eros&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;gh&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;io&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;em&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ra&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ec&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;duc&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ors
d&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Th&lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;is &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;time&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;isi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;—it&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;To&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;se&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ur&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ngf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;ll
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;opp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;iti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;ses&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;ite&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;roun&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;si&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;slate&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;ates&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;ll&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;am&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ore &lt;/span&gt;iss&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;er&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;mem&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 13.7pt; margin-top: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;To&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;bu&lt;/span&gt;ild&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;aliti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;tes&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;with&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;all&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rs&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;we&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;sal&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rns &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;im&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;—wa&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.85pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ork&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ond&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ons&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;bread-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;- &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;bu&lt;/span&gt;tter&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;io&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;su&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;found&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ed&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rug&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;ey&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ob&lt;/span&gt;ilizi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;bro&lt;/span&gt;ad
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;suppor&lt;/span&gt;t.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 15.5pt; margin-top: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;pr&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ov&lt;/span&gt;er&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;po&lt;/span&gt;licies&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;med&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rs&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ed&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on, &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;und&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;mi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ed&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;prof&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ali&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.8pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ac&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;N&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;k&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Cit&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;for&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;its&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 9.0pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 60.0pt; margin-right: 34.75pt; margin-top: .4pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;L&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Me&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;al&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;it&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;lea&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rsh&lt;/span&gt;ip&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;all&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;he&lt;/span&gt;alt&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hc&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;re b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;it&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;orn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rsh&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 17.6pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Wa&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;D&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on’&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;eep&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Up&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;th&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Inf&lt;/span&gt;lati&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;W&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;ile&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;li&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rs&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;il&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ec&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ono&lt;/span&gt;mic&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;iti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;du&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ace.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 60.0pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;il&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ur&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Pro&lt;/span&gt;tect&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 60.0pt; margin-right: 38.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;E&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;si&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;G&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ie&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Pro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;A&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;k&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;gr&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ce&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;pro&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;dur&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rs &lt;/span&gt;wit&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hou&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ngf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;our&lt;/span&gt;se&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ork&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;pl&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;j&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ic&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 3.4pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Ne&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;cti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;M&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;er&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;O&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rg&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;izi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;ailed&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fos&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sroo&lt;/span&gt;ts&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;z&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;he &lt;/span&gt;sc&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hoo&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;el,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;li&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;feb&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Wasti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;D&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Hi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;h&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;icials&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;j&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nf&lt;/span&gt;lat&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;ile&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;- &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd-f&lt;/span&gt;ile&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;mem&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 40.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rg&lt;/span&gt;ain&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;ett&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ay&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Tim&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;-and-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;-h&lt;/span&gt;alf&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.7pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ov&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;is&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;asic&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;la&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;bor &lt;/span&gt;sta&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;d—&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ttles&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;qu&lt;/span&gt;ate&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;-s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ssi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;rates.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 53.95pt; margin-top: .7pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;All&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;wi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Mic&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;ma&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ar&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ea&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;ed&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;as&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;s,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;st&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;ppe&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;of &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ono&lt;/span&gt;my&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;re&lt;/span&gt;ati&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;las&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sroo&lt;/span&gt;ms.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 5.95pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;oppos&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;tan&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;tha&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;izes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 6.45pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;est&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;D&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ra&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.7pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Em&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;po&lt;/span&gt;wer&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;with&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ory d&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;isi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;ma&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;pro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;s.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 36.15pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;A&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;dvo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;ati&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;etiti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Co&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;sati&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;wa&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ea&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;es&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ha&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t
i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nf&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;itical&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;k&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;we&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;do.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 26.35pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Pro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;te&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;it&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;gu&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;alt&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;re&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ns&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;s,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;eti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;eme&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ac&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;oun&lt;/span&gt;ts&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;om fur&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;er&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 11.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;en&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;G&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ie&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ce&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Pro&lt;/span&gt;te&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;s:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Esta&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;lish&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;gr&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;ce&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;pro&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ho&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;s
a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;mi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;at&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;oun&lt;/span&gt;ta&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;le.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 24.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;O&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rg&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;izi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t
t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Schoo&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;el:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;E&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;qu&lt;/span&gt;ip&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;der&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;wi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;h&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;oo&lt;/span&gt;ls t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;ey&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;bu&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ity&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hoo&lt;/span&gt;l.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.9pt; margin-right: 33.45pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 59.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;D&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ma&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;Prof&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;al&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.65pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;t:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;E&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ro&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.85pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;est&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;ac&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;er
a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ono&lt;/span&gt;my&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;cla&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sroo&lt;/span&gt;m.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.9pt; margin-right: 11.85pt; margin-top: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ve&lt;/span&gt;ry&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;oppo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.6pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;au&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;wi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;in&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;urg&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;you&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;set&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;asi&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;un&lt;/span&gt;ite &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;si&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ng&lt;/span&gt;le&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;te
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;ca&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;nd&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;tes.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;et&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ssu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;og&lt;/span&gt;et&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;—&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.7pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;sh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;ed c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;mmit&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;men&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;etter&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;wa&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;es,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;hours&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.4pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;work&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;iti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;fo&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;all
&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;duc&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ors&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;By&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;we c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;off&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;m&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;emb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a
cle&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;c&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;omp&lt;/span&gt;elli&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.45pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;alte&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;rn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;ti&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;to&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;e&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.2pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;stat&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;s&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.15pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;quo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.9pt; margin-right: 8.4pt; margin-top: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;l&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.35pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;du&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .1pt;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;rs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.55pt;&quot;&gt;
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N&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;Y&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;k&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.3pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;it&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;y.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 8.0pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;Let’s make 2025 &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.1pt;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;he year &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;f
transformat&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;on.&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt; U&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;ty’s
t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;me &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;s up—our t&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;me &lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: -.05pt;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;s no&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: .05pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/12/we-must-join-forces-in-2025-uft.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>3</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-2647307611027315969</guid><pubDate>Sat, 30 Nov 2024 11:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-30T07:02:29.373-05:00</atom:updated><title>Double Trauma: Lockdown Drills and Our Union&#39;s Silent Treatment</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Lock-down
drills have become a standard practice in public schools across the United
States, including New York City, as a response to the increasing concern over
school shootings. While the intention behind these drills is to prepare
students and staff for potential emergencies, their effectiveness and impact on
psychological well-being have been subjects of debate. What are the
effectiveness of lock-down drills, their psychological impact, and the
legislative efforts to address these concerns? It is clear that these drills
are a political response to a relatively rare problem that could be better
addressed through enhanced mental health services and our Union, unfortunately
as usual, offers no help in resolving this issue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lock-down drills are designed to prepare
students and staff for emergencies by simulating scenarios where they must
secure themselves in classrooms and remain silent. Studies have shown that
these drills can improve response times and build &quot;muscle memory&quot; for
emergency situations&lt;a href=&quot;https://passk12.org/lockdown-drills/a-guide-to-effective-lockdown-drills-for-k-12-schools/&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;.
For instance, a study by the Regional Gun Violence Research Consortium found
that schools conducting regular lock-down drills experienced 59% fewer
casualties during actual incidents&lt;a href=&quot;https://rockinst.org/blog/the-school-lockdown-drill-dashboard-a-new-resource-from-the-regional-gun-violence-research-consortium/&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;.
This suggests that drills can be effective in reducing harm during emergencies.
However, this study was severely flawed in that it failed to define what
constitutes a &quot;real-world mass shooting&quot; in their dataset, no
information is provided about the total number of incidents analyzed, no
explanation of how they controlled for other variables like building security,
response times, or school location and the authors are part of the same
consortium publishing the &quot;School Lockdown Drill Dashboard&quot; which
suggests potential bias toward finding positive effects of lockdown drills.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The
effectiveness of these drills is not universally accepted. Critics argue that
the drills often fail to account for the chaotic nature of real-life
emergencies and may not significantly improve outcomes&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/03/us/school-shooting-lockdown-drills/&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;.
Moreover, the lack of federal guidelines means that the quality and execution
of these drills can vary widely between schools&lt;a href=&quot;https://passk12.org/lockdown-drills/a-guide-to-effective-lockdown-drills-for-k-12-schools/&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Despite
the widespread implementation of lock-down drills, the actual percentage of
schools that experience incidents where these drills are beneficial is
relatively low. According to the Rockefeller Institute of Government,
approximately 98% of public K-12 schools conducted lock-down drills during the
2019-2020 school year&lt;a href=&quot;https://rockinst.org/gun-violence/school-lockdown-drill-dashboard/&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;.
However, the number of schools that have faced actual active shooter situations
remains a small fraction of this total. This discrepancy raises questions about
the necessity and proportionality of such widespread drill practices.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The
psychological impact of lock-down drills on students and staff is a significant
concern. Research indicates that these drills can cause anxiety, stress, and
trauma, particularly when conducted without proper sensitivity&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources-and-podcasts/school-safety-and-crisis/systems-level-prevention/mitigating-psychological-effects-of-lockdowns&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;.
The National Association of School Psychologists notes that while lock-downs
can save lives, they can also produce anxiety and traumatic symptoms in some
students and staff&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources-and-podcasts/school-safety-and-crisis/systems-level-prevention/mitigating-psychological-effects-of-lockdowns&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;.
A study by Everytown for Gun Safety found that aggressive lock-down drills
contributed to a 42% increase in anxiety and a 39% increase in depression among
students&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/andrew-gounardes/sen-gounardes-joins-parents-advocates-and-experts&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Personal
accounts, such as those shared by students and educators, highlight the
distress caused by these drills. For example, a student named Isabelle
described feeling terrified and isolated during a drill, despite following all
protocols&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/family-and-trauma/202307/in-the-eye-of-the-storm-the-trauma-of-lockdown-drills&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;.
Such experiences underscore the potential for drills to cause more harm than
good, particularly when not conducted in a trauma-informed manner.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;In
response to these concerns, there have been legislative efforts to reform
lock-down drill practices. The proposed legislation in New York aims to reduce
the number of mandatory drills and ensure they are conducted in a
trauma-informed, age-appropriate manner&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/andrew-gounardes/sen-gounardes-new-lockdown-drill-regulations-are&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;.
This includes providing advance notice to parents and staff, avoiding the use
of props or simulations, and accommodating students with special needs&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/andrew-gounardes/sen-gounardes-new-lockdown-drill-regulations-are&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;.
Similar legislative efforts have been seen in other states, such as California
and Washington, which have introduced bills to regulate the conduct of active
shooter drills&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2024-03-12/active-shooter-drill-bill-in-california-would-require-advance-notice-ban-fake-gunfire&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.seattleweekly.com/news/new-law-targets-active-shooter-lockdown-drills-in-washington-schools/&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lock-down
drills in public schools, particularly in New York City, represent a political
response to the threat of school shootings. While they can improve
preparedness, their effectiveness is limited, and they often cause significant
psychological harm. Given the rarity of school shootings relative to the
widespread implementation of these drills, a more balanced approach would
involve enhancing mental health services in schools and communities. This would
address the root causes of violence and provide better support for students&#39;
overall well-being, reducing the need for potentially traumatic drills.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;By
focusing on mental health and creating a supportive school environment, we can
better protect our students and staff without subjecting them to the stress and
trauma associated with frequent lock-down drills.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Our
Union has been notably silent on the issue of lock-down drills. This lack of
concern is another example of their failure to address critical issues
affecting teacher working conditions and school safety. Despite the growing
evidence of the psychological harm caused by these drills, the UFT has not
taken a strong stance or advocated for significant changes to protect teachers
and students. This inaction reflects a broader pattern of inadequate leadership
and a lack of responsiveness to the needs and concerns of educators.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
References&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[1]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://passk12.org/lockdown-drills/a-guide-to-effective-lockdown-drills-for-k-12-schools/&quot;&gt;A
Guide to Effective Lockdown Drills for K-12 Schools&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[2]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://rockinst.org/blog/the-school-lockdown-drill-dashboard-a-new-resource-from-the-regional-gun-violence-research-consortium/&quot;&gt;The
School Lockdown Drill Dashboard: A New Resource from the Regional ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[3]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/03/us/school-shooting-lockdown-drills/&quot;&gt;School
shooting lockdown drills: Are they effective? - CNN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[4]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://rockinst.org/gun-violence/school-lockdown-drill-dashboard/&quot;&gt;School
Lockdown Drill Dashboard - Rockefeller Institute of Government&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[5]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources-and-podcasts/school-safety-and-crisis/systems-level-prevention/mitigating-psychological-effects-of-lockdowns&quot;&gt;Mitigating
Psychological Effects of Lockdowns - National Association of ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[6]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/andrew-gounardes/sen-gounardes-joins-parents-advocates-and-experts&quot;&gt;Sen.
Gounardes Joins Parents, Advocates and Experts to Rally for More ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[7]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/family-and-trauma/202307/in-the-eye-of-the-storm-the-trauma-of-lockdown-drills&quot;&gt;In
the Eye of the Storm: The Trauma of Lockdown Drills&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[8]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/andrew-gounardes/sen-gounardes-new-lockdown-drill-regulations-are&quot;&gt;Sen.
Gounardes: New Lockdown Drill Regulations are an Important Step ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[9]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2024-03-12/active-shooter-drill-bill-in-california-would-require-advance-notice-ban-fake-gunfire&quot;&gt;Active-Shooter-Drill
Bill in California Would Require Advance Notice ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;[10]
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.seattleweekly.com/news/new-law-targets-active-shooter-lockdown-drills-in-washington-schools/&quot;&gt;New
law targets active shooter lockdown drills in Washington schools&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/double-trauma-lockdown-drills-and-our.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-4436051397003617643</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 14:48:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-27T09:48:00.119-05:00</atom:updated><title>A Union Without a Backbone: How the UFT Fails Special Education Students and Educators</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uft.org/news/news-stories/news-stories/union-urges-action-on-citys-special-education-failures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;latest press release&lt;/a&gt; from our leadership on the catastrophic state of special
education in New York City lays bare the profound weakness of our Union’s
leadership. We’re told, once again, what we already know: thousands of students
are being denied their legally mandated services due to unprecedented staffing
shortages. The Department of Education’s reliance on private contractors is
wasting millions, while paraprofessionals, special education teachers, and
other essential professionals are undervalued and overburdened. And yet, what
does the leadership propose? Half-measures and hollow reforms that will
accomplish next to nothing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This
response isn’t just inadequate—it’s insulting. A survey showing more than 2,200
vacancies, 1,558 of which are for paraprofessionals, doesn’t need more
analysis; it demands urgent action. Yet instead of mobilizing members to force
the DOE’s hand, UFT leadership proposes vague, non-binding
&quot;recommendations.&quot; Reform hiring systems? Use negotiated time for
therapy sessions? Adjust funding formulas? These are bureaucratic fixes for a
crisis that demands bold, militant leadership.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The
negligence doesn’t stop here. This isn’t a new problem; it’s part of a long and
shameful history. For years, our union has abandoned paraprofessionals, special
education teachers, school psychologists, and counselors to fend for themselves
in an increasingly hostile and unsupportive system. They stood by while
critical positions like education evaluators were eliminated, leaving special
education students without the assessments they need to access services. They
turned a blind eye to overcrowded special education classrooms and co-teaching
settings, even when these blatantly violated legal mandates. Grievances weren’t
filed, fights weren’t waged, and our most vulnerable students were left behind.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This lack of
advocacy for paraprofessionals is particularly egregious. These workers form
the backbone of special education and District 75 schools, yet they remain some
of the most underpaid and undervalued members of our union. Instead of
demanding fair pay, career pathways, and respect, the leadership offers
meaningless promises about “reforming hiring practices.” Meanwhile, the
psychologists and counselors who serve these students face unsustainable
caseloads, with no real push from the union to hire more staff or reduce their
burden.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The problem
extends to the DOE’s reliance on private contractors, which drains resources
without solving the crisis. Nearly $900 million was spent on these contractors
last year, yet thousands of students still go without their mandated services.
Our leadership calls this out in their press release, but where is the plan to
stop it? Where is the campaign to force emergency hiring and ensure proper
staffing ratios? Where is the fight to hold the DOE accountable?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This isn’t
just about mismanagement; it’s about a failure of imagination and resolve. A
truly militant and creative union would be organizing citywide actions to draw
attention to this injustice. It would be working with parents, advocacy groups,
and elected officials to demand a complete overhaul of the DOE’s special
education system. It would refuse to accept overcrowded classrooms, unserved
students, and overburdened staff as inevitable.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Instead, we
are left with this: a leadership that issues press releases instead of taking
action, that offers recommendations instead of demands, and that perpetually
reacts to crises instead of preventing them. This isn’t leadership—it’s
surrender.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The time has
come to say enough. Enough to the empty rhetoric and lack of action. Enough to
the neglect of paraprofessionals, special education teachers, and related
service providers. Enough to the complacency that leaves our most vulnerable
students without the care and support they deserve.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This crisis
is bigger than one press release. It’s about the future of our union and
whether we are willing to fight for what’s right. If our leadership won’t rise
to this challenge, then it’s up to us to demand the change we need. Together,
we can build a union that values boldness over bureaucracy, action over words,
and justice over appeasement. Let’s not settle for anything less.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/a-union-without-backbone-how-uft-fails.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>3</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-2242981810620260273</guid><pubDate>Mon, 25 Nov 2024 13:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-25T08:55:00.230-05:00</atom:updated><title>Reclaiming Our Union: A Call for Democracy, Equity, and Grassroots Power in Our Union</title><description>&lt;p&gt;In her recent &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;American Educator&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; article &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aft.org/ae/fall2024/weingarten&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;The Road Ahead: Fighting for
Progress, Freedom, and Democracy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Randi Weingarten reflects a vision for
the American Federation of Teachers rooted in optimism and determination to
confront significant challenges facing public education. However, as members of
the opposition caucus within the UFT, we must critique not only the rhetoric
but also the substance of the current leadership&#39;s policies and practices. Our
union&#39;s strength lies in its democratic principles, collective power, and
commitment to transparency. Unfortunately, the current trajectory under
Weingarten&#39;s leadership appears to compromise these values in several ways.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Firstly, while the article celebrates union growth, it glosses over the
undemocratic tactics often employed within local chapters, particularly in our
local union. The dominance of the UFT within the AFT has systematically
marginalized smaller locals, leaving their unique concerns unaddressed. This
centralization of power stifles the voices of rank-and-file members from
diverse regions, reducing their ability to influence union policy effectively.
The result is a top-down unionism that prioritizes the agenda of leadership
over the democratic input of its membership.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Our Union’s relationship with charter schools further exemplifies this
disconnect. By collaborating with charter organizations, the leadership
undermines the public school system it claims to defend. This approach
contributes to the chronic underfunding of public schools, exacerbating
inequities and diverting resources away from the students and communities most
in need. The article&#39;s failure to confront these contradictions speaks volumes
about leadership’s priorities.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Equally concerning is the treatment of opposition voices within the union.
The systematic attempt to marginalize rank-and-file members who question, or
challenge leadership policies erodes trust and undermines the spirit of
solidarity. Leadership positions within the union are frequently awarded based
on loyalty rather than merit or democratic approval. This practice entrenches a
culture of patronage and discourages the emergence of fresh ideas and
perspectives that could invigorate the union&#39;s mission.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The article also highlights a glaring failure to organize effectively at the
school level. While Weingarten emphasizes high-level initiatives, the union&#39;s
strength lies in grassroots organizing—empowering teachers, paraprofessionals,
and staff at individual schools to take collective action. The absence of a
robust school-level organizing strategy weakens the union&#39;s capacity to address
issues such as staffing shortages, class sizes, and professional development
comprehensively.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Weingarten’s emphasis on advocacy at the national level, while important,
has come at the expense of meaningful engagement with local concerns. The push
for national campaigns and legislation must be balanced with a commitment to
addressing the day-to-day realities of educators and support staff in their
schools and communities.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As members of the opposition caucus, we call on our colleagues across the
country to demand a shift in leadership. We need a union that listens to all
its members, values grassroots organizing, and remains unwavering in its
defense of public education. The time has come to reestablish a culture of
democratic engagement and transparency within our Union. By doing so, we can
build a union that truly represents and empowers its members and recommits to
the fight for a just and equitable public education system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Let us work together to bring about this change. A more democratic,
transparent, and member-driven Union is not only possible but necessary for the
challenges ahead.&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/reclaiming-our-union-call-for-democracy.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-1400693050071736633</guid><pubDate>Sat, 23 Nov 2024 11:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-23T06:00:00.269-05:00</atom:updated><title>Building a More Inclusive Future: The Vital Role of DEI in Education and Government Policy</title><description>&lt;p&gt;Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives are not just policies—they are
a testament to the nation’s commitment to fairness, opportunity, and justice.
In the realm of K-12 education, DEI fosters inclusive environments where
students of all backgrounds can thrive, preparing them to participate fully in
a diverse and interconnected democracy. However, the incoming presidential
administration, led by Donald Trump, has signaled an alarming shift away from
these principles. By actively opposing DEI and targeting government officials,
including military and civil servants, who support its goals, this
administration threatens to undermine fundamental democratic values while
perpetuating bigotry and misogyny in the public sphere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Trump administration’s planned opposition to DEI is deeply troubling,
particularly because it extends beyond policy to a systematic effort to root
out individuals who endorse inclusivity. Reports indicate that the
administration aims to identify and penalize government officials who have
publicly or privately expressed support for DEI goals. This targeting of
supporters within government agencies, including the Department of Defense,
signals an authoritarian impulse to silence dissent and punish those who
advocate for equity and inclusion. Such actions not only endanger individuals’
careers but also set a dangerous precedent for the politicization of public
service.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;DEI initiatives are essential in K-12 education and beyond because they
address systemic inequities and foster environments where all individuals feel
valued. Schools that embrace DEI principles prepare students to succeed in
diverse workplaces and communities, equipping them with the skills and mindsets
needed for collaboration and innovation. By teaching students the value of
diversity, schools help dismantle harmful stereotypes, reduce prejudice, and
promote empathy. In the workplace, research shows that diverse teams are more
innovative and effective, while inclusive environments enhance employee
engagement and retention. These benefits extend to society at large,
strengthening community relationships and addressing historical injustices.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Trump administration’s opposition to DEI undermines these benefits. By
vilifying inclusivity, the administration not only perpetuates bigotry and
misogyny but also denies the positive societal and economic outcomes that
result from diverse and equitable environments. This stance ignores the
overwhelming evidence that DEI initiatives contribute to stronger institutions
and communities. Moreover, the administration’s efforts to penalize DEI
supporters represent a direct attack on democratic principles, including
freedom of speech and the right to advocate for equity.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Critics of DEI often raise concerns about implementation, resource
allocation, and potential conflicts with merit-based practices. While these
concerns merit thoughtful discussion, they do not justify outright opposition
to DEI. Instead, they underscore the need for evidence-based approaches that
balance diverse perspectives and ensure accountability. Targeting individuals
who support DEI goals does nothing to address these concerns; it merely stifles
dialogue and promotes fear. Such actions erode trust within government agencies
and undermine their ability to serve the public effectively.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The targeting of DEI advocates within the military and civil service is
particularly alarming. The military has long recognized the importance of
diversity in building cohesive and effective teams. Efforts to undermine these
values risk weakening national security by fostering division and distrust.
Similarly, within civil service, diversity and inclusivity are crucial for
developing policies that reflect the needs of a diverse populace. Punishing
individuals for their support of DEI goals undermines the very institutions
that uphold democracy and serve the public good.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The administration’s stance on DEI is not only misguided but also deeply
damaging to the nation’s democratic fabric. By opposing initiatives that
promote equity and inclusion, the administration sends a message that bigotry
and exclusion are acceptable. By targeting government officials who advocate
for these principles, it creates a culture of fear that stifles innovation and
progress. These actions are antithetical to the ideals of equality, justice,
and opportunity that define American democracy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In rejecting DEI, the Trump administration threatens to reverse decades of
progress in addressing systemic inequities and fostering inclusive
environments. This opposition disregards the overwhelming evidence that DEI
initiatives strengthen institutions, drive innovation, and promote societal
well-being. It also endangers the individuals who have dedicated their careers
to advancing these goals, undermining their contributions to public service and
national security.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The path forward requires renewed commitment to DEI at all levels of
society. Educators, policymakers, and community leaders must continue to
advocate for inclusive practices that reflect the nation’s democratic values.
It is equally important to resist efforts to vilify and punish those who
support equity and inclusion. Protecting the integrity of public service and
preserving the principles of democracy demand that we stand firmly against the
administration’s dangerous opposition to DEI. By defending these initiatives,
we affirm the belief that diversity, equity, and inclusion are not threats but
essential foundations for a stronger, fairer, and more united society.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/building-more-inclusive-future-vital.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-2335197400039765274</guid><pubDate>Thu, 21 Nov 2024 11:40:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-21T06:40:32.208-05:00</atom:updated><title>The Long Overdue Farewell to New York&#39;s Regents Exams</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;New York State’s decision to
eliminate the Regents examination requirement for high school graduation
represents a transformative moment in its educational policy. For decades,
these exams symbolized academic achievement and rigor, but their underlying assumptions
and consequences have been increasingly called into question. This shift away
from standardized testing marks a recognition of the complexities of learning
and a commitment to fostering a more equitable, meaningful, and modern
education system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The Regents exams were long regarded
as a benchmark of educational competency, with proponents arguing that they
provided a uniform measure of student achievement. However, this perspective
failed to account for the limitations of standardized testing as an accurate
reflection of a student’s understanding, creativity, and ability to apply
knowledge in practical contexts. The exams often prioritized rote memorization
and performance under pressure, undermining the broader purpose of education:
to cultivate critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The adoption of a new &quot;portrait
of a graduate&quot; framework by New York State shifts the focus to a more
comprehensive understanding of student success. By emphasizing attributes such
as innovative thinking, effective communication, and adaptability, this
framework acknowledges that true educational achievement cannot be captured by
a standardized test alone. Instead, it recognizes that competency must
encompass a diverse range of skills essential for success in the modern world.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The high stakes associated with
Regents exams contributed to a culture of academic dishonesty and distorted
priorities within schools. When teacher evaluations became tied to student
performance on these exams, educators found themselves in a precarious position.
Their professional success, and sometimes their job security, became dependent
on metrics that often did not reflect the realities of their classrooms.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This system led to widespread
&quot;teaching to the test,&quot; where instruction was narrowly tailored to
exam content at the expense of comprehensive, in-depth education. Teachers
faced immense pressure to ensure their students achieved specific scores, which
sometimes resulted in incidents of score manipulation and other testing
irregularities. The relentless focus on test preparation diverted attention
from fostering critical thinking and deep learning, further undermining the
integrity and purpose of education.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The Regents exams created an
environment where school administrators could evaluate teachers using a single,
often unrepresentative metric: test scores. This approach ignored the myriad
factors that influence educational outcomes, including students’ socioeconomic
backgrounds, available resources, and individual learning challenges. It also
failed to account for classroom dynamics, such as class size and the diversity
of students’ needs.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;By relying on test results as a
primary measure of teacher performance, the system allowed for evaluations that
were arbitrary and disconnected from the nuanced realities of teaching. This
not only demoralized educators but also further entrenched inequalities in the
education system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perhaps the most troubling
consequence of the Regents exams was their role in perpetuating educational
inequities. Students from marginalized communities—such as those from
low-income households, English language learners, and students with
disabilities—often faced significant barriers to success on these exams.
Limited access to resources such as test preparation programs and tutoring
disproportionately disadvantaged these groups, creating artificial obstacles to
graduation and further entrenching systemic inequalities.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The exams also failed to account for
the diverse ways in which students learn and demonstrate knowledge. This
one-size-fits-all approach marginalized students whose strengths and abilities
did not align with traditional testing formats, leaving many feeling excluded
and undervalued within the education system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The Regents exams fostered a
superficial sense of accomplishment, one rooted in short-term retention and
test-specific performance rather than genuine understanding. Students were
often incentivized to memorize information solely for the sake of passing exams,
with little emphasis on applying that knowledge in meaningful ways. This
dynamic led to a narrowing of the curriculum, with non-tested subjects and
skills frequently sidelined in favor of exam preparation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;In this environment, critical
thinking, creativity, and interdisciplinary learning were deprioritized,
leaving students ill-equipped to navigate the complexities of the modern world.
The system ultimately conflated test scores with learning, perpetuating the
illusion that success on a standardized exam equated to a well-rounded
education.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The upcoming changes to New York’s
graduation requirements, set to take effect in the 2027-28 academic year,
represent a profound departure from this outdated model. By replacing
standardized tests with more holistic assessment methods, the state is embracing
a vision of education that values depth, creativity, and real-world
application. New pathways for demonstrating achievement—such as capstone
projects, internships, and portfolio-based assessments—offer students
opportunities to showcase their skills and knowledge in authentic and
meaningful ways.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;These alternative assessments
prioritize long-term learning and practical experience, enabling students to
engage more deeply with their education. By emphasizing project-based and
experiential learning, the new system seeks to prepare students not only for
academic success but also for active participation in a dynamic, interconnected
world.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The elimination of the Regents exams
opens the door to a reimagined educational landscape in New York State. Freed
from the constraints of standardized testing, teachers can adopt more
innovative and student-centered approaches to instruction. Curricula can expand
to include a broader range of subjects, skills, and perspectives, fostering a
richer and more diverse educational experience.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Importantly, the shift also holds
the potential to address longstanding inequities in the education system. By
offering multiple pathways to graduation, the new model recognizes and values
the diverse strengths and needs of students, creating a more inclusive
framework for measuring achievement.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;New York State’s decision to phase
out the Regents exams marks a pivotal step toward a more equitable, meaningful,
and effective education system. While the transition may pose challenges, the
potential benefits far outweigh any temporary difficulties. By prioritizing
holistic assessment and skill development, the state is aligning its
educational practices with the demands of the 21st century, ensuring that all
students are better prepared for the complexities and opportunities that lie
ahead.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This shift underscores a critical
truth: education is not merely about test-taking but about empowering students
to think critically, act ethically, and contribute meaningfully to society. In
embracing this vision, New York State is setting a powerful example for the
rest of the nation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-long-overdue-farewell-to-new-yorks_21.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>3</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-5733878313993219871</guid><pubDate>Tue, 19 Nov 2024 21:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-19T16:30:00.255-05:00</atom:updated><title>Power and Loyalty: Parallels Between UFT Leadership and the Incoming Presidential Administration</title><description>&lt;p&gt;The intersection of leadership practices and loyalty demands
within unions and political organizations raises profound questions about
democratic engagement and representation. By examining the United Federation of
Teachers and the Trump administration, we uncover patterns that illuminate
broader implications for governance, advocacy, and institutional integrity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The UFT, a historically significant advocate for educators’
rights, faces increasing challenges from policies aimed at weakening union
influence. This trend aligns with broader anti-union efforts, exemplified by
Wisconsin’s 2011 legislation that severely restricted public sector collective
bargaining. Such moves threaten educators&#39; job protections and benefits,
undermining the broader advocacy role of unions in shaping educational reform
and policy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;At the same time, the UFT&#39;s internal dynamics have demonstrated
a willingness to become more authoritarian and alienated from the rank and file.
The union&#39;s one-party leadership structure, which has persisted for five
decades, centralizes decision-making and suppresses internal dissent. This
rigidity has stifled diverse perspectives, mirroring patterns observed in
political leadership, such as the loyalty-driven appointments in the Trump
administration.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;A striking parallel emerges in the prioritization of loyalty
over expertise. The UFT&#39;s leadership style creates an echo chamber, limiting
members&#39; opportunities to influence policies at local levels. Similarly, the
Trump administration’s preference for loyalty led to the appointment of cabinet
members and advisors based more on allegiance than qualifications, often
sidelining seasoned professionals.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;While the scale differs—union decisions primarily impact
education policy, whereas presidential appointments shape national
governance—both scenarios highlight the risks of suppressing dissent and
fostering homogeneity in decision-making.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Weakening union power carries significant consequences.
Research indicates that students in states with strong collective bargaining
laws for teachers enjoy better long-term economic outcomes. A diminished UFT
risks not only educators’ working conditions but also student success.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Similarly, loyalty-driven governance, as seen in the Trump
administration, poses broader threats to democratic institutions. By
prioritizing personal loyalty, the administration undermined checks and
balances, marginalized dissenting voices, and destabilized trust in government
operations. Proposals such as Schedule F, which would ease the firing of
federal employees based on loyalty, exemplify these risks, threatening to erode
the civil service&#39;s independence.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Both the UFT and the Trump administration underscore the
critical importance of fostering transparency and accountability in leadership.
Calls for reform within the UFT—such as adopting a multi-party system or
creating avenues for open debate—could empower members and enhance
representation. Likewise, addressing the Trump administration’s legacy of
opacity and loyalty demands requires systemic safeguards to protect democratic
norms and institutional integrity.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In the UFT, the concentration of power may limit
opportunities for members to influence policy at the local level.&amp;nbsp;In the
Trump administration, the consequences of perceived disloyalty were often more
severe, with officials losing their jobs if Trump felt they weren&#39;t doing his
bidding or if they contradicted him in public.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Both scenarios raise concerns about the suppression of
dissenting voices and the creation of echo chambers. However, the scale and
potential impact differ significantly:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;In the
     UFT, the effects are primarily limited to the union&#39;s internal operations
     and its influence on education policy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;In the
     Trump administration, the loyalty demands had broader implications for
     government functioning and national policy, potentially undermining
     democratic norms and the system of checks and balances.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The concentration of power, whether in unions or government,
limits democratic engagement and suppresses diverse viewpoints. For the UFT,
this means risking its effectiveness in representing teachers’ interests and
adapting to the evolving needs of education. For the Trump administration,
loyalty-based practices posed far-reaching consequences, potentially
compromising national governance and public trust in democracy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;While the UFT and the Trump administration operate on
different scales, their loyalty-driven dynamics reveal shared challenges in
balancing effective leadership with inclusive representation. Both cases
underscore the necessity of transparent, inclusive processes that empower
stakeholders and uphold democratic principles. Whether in unions or political
leadership, fostering debate, embracing diverse perspectives, and maintaining
robust systems of accountability are essential to ensuring fair and effective governance.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/power-and-loyalty-parallels-between-uft.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-7349179181920516779</guid><pubDate>Fri, 15 Nov 2024 12:38:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-15T07:38:57.255-05:00</atom:updated><title>Out of Touch and Out of Time: Why Mulgrew’s Fight Against Congestion Pricing Fails Teachers and the Working Class</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;In a recent &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2024/11/14/us-news/teachers-union-flunks-kathy-hochul-dems-for-tone-deaf-congestion-toll/&quot;&gt;New
York Post&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt; article&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;, United
Federation of Teachers President Mike Mulgrew blasted New York’s congestion
pricing plan, calling it a betrayal of the working class by Governor Kathy
Hochul and state Democrats. Mulgrew’s criticisms, however, are riddled with
inconsistencies and a troubling misalignment with the interests of the very
people he claims to represent. His stance against congestion pricing not only
misrepresents the working class but also undermines a policy designed to
benefit all New Yorkers by improving transit infrastructure and reducing emissions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mulgrew positions himself as a
defender of working-class New Yorkers, but his opposition to congestion pricing
aligns more closely with suburban and Staten Island politicians who prioritize
car commuters over public transit users. According to the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2024/11/14/us-news/teachers-union-flunks-kathy-hochul-dems-for-tone-deaf-congestion-toll/&quot;&gt;Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;,
Mulgrew justified his position by claiming to protect “scores” of teachers who
drive into Manhattan, but this argument falls apart under scrutiny.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The reality is that most New York
City teachers—and working-class New Yorkers in general—rely on public
transportation, not personal vehicles, to commute to midtown and downtown
Manhattan. Rather than protecting the majority of his membership, Mulgrew’s
legal battle against congestion pricing appears to serve the interests of a
privileged few who drive. Moreover, it’s unclear whether the UFT rank-and-file
membership even supports this lawsuit, raising concerns about whether Mulgrew
is acting without their authorization.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;One of Mulgrew’s key arguments,
reported in the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2024/11/14/us-news/teachers-union-flunks-kathy-hochul-dems-for-tone-deaf-congestion-toll/&quot;&gt;Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;,
is that congestion pricing will shift traffic and pollution to the outer
boroughs, particularly affecting areas like the Bronx. He even mocked Governor
Hochul’s announcement of a new asthma center in the Bronx, suggesting that
residents would need it as a result of congestion pricing. However,
environmental studies and real-world data from cities like London and Stockholm
contradict this claim.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Congestion pricing is proven to
reduce emissions overall by discouraging car travel and increasing public
transit use. Revenues from the program are intended to fund critical upgrades
to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, such as cleaner buses and
expanded subway service, which would directly benefit outer-borough residents.
Mulgrew’s suggestion that the policy will exacerbate pollution in these areas
not only lacks evidence but actively ignores the benefits of increased
investment in public transit infrastructure.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This episode highlights a broader
issue with UFT leadership: a disconnect from the progressive and equitable
values many educators hold. Teachers often champion sustainability and social
justice, making it baffling that Mulgrew would use union resources to oppose a
policy that aligns with these principles. The &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2024/11/14/us-news/teachers-union-flunks-kathy-hochul-dems-for-tone-deaf-congestion-toll/&quot;&gt;Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
noted Mulgrew’s criticism of Democrats as “tone deaf,” but his own
stance—clinging to car-centric commuting habits—is equally out of touch with
the needs of teachers, students, and working-class families.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;As UFT elections approach this
spring, members should consider whether Mulgrew’s leadership truly reflects
their priorities. Supporting policies like congestion pricing, which aim to
create a cleaner, more equitable city, is far more consistent with the goals of
public education and the well-being of students and families.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Congestion pricing is a
forward-thinking policy that addresses multiple crises: traffic congestion,
climate change, and underfunded public transit. By opposing it, Mulgrew risks
sidelining the UFT from broader efforts to make New York City a healthier, more
sustainable place to live. Rather than fighting congestion pricing, UFT
leadership should focus on advocating for affordable transit fares, improved
service for outer-borough commuters, and environmental policies that benefit
the majority of its members.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2024/11/14/us-news/teachers-union-flunks-kathy-hochul-dems-for-tone-deaf-congestion-toll/&quot;&gt;Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
described Mulgrew as furious with Democrats for pushing a policy he sees as
harmful to the working class. But in reality, his stance does more to harm the
working class by ignoring the long-term benefits of congestion pricing. It’s
time for UFT leadership to align with policies that prioritize the needs of
their members and the future of the city rather than clinging to outdated,
regressive positions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/out-of-touch-and-out-of-time-why.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>5</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-6441547094796193307</guid><pubDate>Thu, 14 Nov 2024 15:21:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-14T10:21:35.423-05:00</atom:updated><title>Ageism Is Anti-Union: Why Aqeel Williams’s Mocking of UFT Retiree Delegates Should Alarm Us All</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;In his recent &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ednotesonline.blogspot.com/2024/11/uft-district-9-unity-caucus-rep-and.html&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;blog
post in Education Notes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;, Norm Scott highlighted a troubling incident
involving Aqeel Williams, the UFT District 9 Unity Caucus Representative, who
reportedly mocked retiree delegates with ageist memes in a group chat during a
Delegate Assembly (DA). This incident might seem trivial at first, but it
points to a larger issue within the United Federation of Teachers (UFT): an
increasingly hostile stance toward retirees, a group who have given decades to
this union and to New York City students. Ageism has no place in our union—or
in any union for that matter. This incident serves as yet another indication of
how disconnected UFT leadership has become from the rank and file.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ageism isn’t just offensive; it’s
fundamentally anti-union. Unions are built on solidarity and the understanding
that every member, regardless of age or experience, brings invaluable
contributions to the table. By mocking retirees, Williams undermines the very
foundation of unionism: respect and unity among members. The retirees in
question are not only dues-paying members but also educators who have dedicated
years to our schools, our students, and the fight for fairer treatment and
better conditions for all of us. For these members to be dismissed as “feeble”
or ridiculed because of their age is not only unprofessional but a betrayal of
the union values that should bind us together.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Williams is also a member of the UFT
Election Committee, a position that requires impartiality, professionalism, and
respect for all members. How can retirees—who make up a significant portion of
UFT membership—have confidence in his role if he’s demonstrated such a
dismissive attitude toward them? This is a matter of integrity and
accountability, and UFT leadership’s silence on this incident only heightens
the sense of division within our union.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This isn’t the first time Unity
Caucus has failed to stand up for the rank and file. For years, we’ve seen a
widening disconnect between UFT leadership and the everyday educators who work
tirelessly in classrooms and beyond. Retirees, who have the benefit of
experience and historical perspective, have increasingly become vocal advocates
at DAs. They are some of our most engaged members, using their knowledge and
time to ensure that the union remains accountable to the membership. But rather
than welcoming these contributions, leadership seems almost fearful, as if
these retirees threaten their hold on power.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Retirees have become essential
voices in the UFT’s internal democracy, speaking truth to power and calling for
reforms that reflect the needs of active and retired educators alike. Mocking
them with ageist memes is an attempt to belittle and silence their
contributions. Leadership’s failure to address this behavior reflects a
troubling lack of solidarity with the very members they claim to represent.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This incident with Aqeel Williams
highlights why the UFT urgently needs new leadership. The current leadership’s
refusal to condemn these ageist actions sends a message that their priorities
lie not with the values of mutual respect, professionalism, and solidarity but
with maintaining power at any cost. The lack of action signals to members that
leadership either condones or is indifferent to this divisive behavior—neither
of which are acceptable.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The fact that Williams was “on the
clock” and being paid with union dues while engaging in this behavior further
emphasizes the issue. UFT members pay dues to support representatives who
advocate for us, not to mock or disrespect fellow union members. With contract
negotiations on the horizon and critical fights ahead, we need leadership that
represents the professionalism, strength, and unity of the entire union, not
just a select few.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Unions are only as strong as their
unity, and that unity is jeopardized when segments of our membership—such as
retirees—are treated with contempt. It’s time to push for a UFT that recognizes
the value and wisdom of all its members, young and old, active and retired.
Mockery and division weaken our ability to stand together, especially as we
prepare for challenging negotiations and the continuing fight for public
education. We need leaders who will uplift all members, who understand the
stakes of our work, and who respect the rights and contributions of every
educator who has fought and continues to fight for the next generation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A call for new leadership isn’t just
a reaction to one incident—it’s a call for a fundamental shift in how we
respect and value each other within our union. Ageism has no place in the UFT,
and our future depends on making sure that every member, regardless of age, is
respected, supported, and represented. It’s time for leadership that embodies
the values that define us as a union.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/ageism-is-anti-union-why-aqeel.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>4</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-8031841592916493743</guid><pubDate>Tue, 12 Nov 2024 11:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-12T06:59:12.009-05:00</atom:updated><title>What the Trump Administration and Republican Congress Could Mean for NYC Schools: A Progressive Perspective</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;With a new presidential
administration and a Republican-controlled Congress, teachers, parents, and
students in New York City face a moment of profound uncertainty. Changes are
expected that may shake the foundation of public education as we know it. As an
opposition caucus within the United Federation of Teachers, it’s crucial that
we prepare for potential impacts that could redefine classrooms across our
city.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;One of the newly elected
administration&#39;s early proposals involves dismantling the federal Department of
Education, an unprecedented move that would disrupt federal oversight, funding,
and support. For our schools, this could mean the loss of critical Title I
funds that provide resources to high-poverty schools, support for after-school
programs, and funding for schools with high populations of underserved
students. Without federal support, the burden to cover these programs could
fall on already strained city budgets, forcing schools to choose between
essential services.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;New York City has long been a
sanctuary city, and its schools serve tens of thousands of undocumented
students. Under new federal policies, the protection of these students could be
jeopardized. An administration that prioritizes immigration enforcement could
encourage actions that make schools less safe for undocumented families,
including potential data sharing with immigration authorities. We must be
vigilant and vocal in defending our students’ rights to learn in a safe,
supportive environment, regardless of their immigration status.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The Department of Education’s Office
for Civil Rights has been pivotal in enforcing anti-discrimination policies in
schools. With a reduced or dissolved Office for Civil Rights, civil rights
enforcement in NYC schools could suffer, impacting students of color, LGBTQIA+
students, and students with disabilities who rely on these protections for
equitable education. Progressives must advocate for strong local protections
and push NYC’s Department of Education to uphold and enforce civil rights
standards independently.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Federal mandates, like those from
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), ensure that NYC’s
special education students receive appropriate accommodations and support.
Without federal funding and oversight, NYC schools could face challenges in
meeting these needs, leading to inadequate support for students who rely on
individualized services. We will need to push for commitments to special
education funding and protect these students’ rights.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Federal funding also sustains vital
programs, like the free and reduced-price breakfast and lunch programs on which
thousands of NYC students depend. Cuts or eliminations of these programs could
lead to higher food insecurity among low-income students, directly impacting
their ability to learn and thrive. We should work with city officials to ensure
that alternative funding is available to maintain these essential programs and
advocate at every level for solutions that prioritize children’s welfare.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Protections for LGBTQIA+ students
could be at risk under an administration that may not prioritize their rights.
Federal guidance has previously protected transgender students’ rights to use
bathrooms and locker rooms that match their gender identity. The rollback of
these protections could create hostile school environments. Educators, allies,
and families must stand together to affirm LGBTQIA+ students’ rights and ensure
NYC schools remain inclusive.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This new administration has shown
support for increasing religious expression in public schools, potentially
blurring lines between church and state. NYC, with its richly diverse student
population, benefits from secular education policies that respect all religions
equally. We must continue to uphold the separation of church and state in our
schools and maintain an inclusive, secular educational environment for students
of all backgrounds.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A push for school choice, charter
schools, and voucher systems could lead to reduced funding for public schools,
funneling resources toward private and charter schools. For NYC’s public
schools, which serve the vast majority of students, this redirection of funds
could mean larger class sizes, fewer resources, and less support for teachers.
As public education advocates, we should actively oppose policies that weaken
public schools, and instead, call for investments that strengthen them.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The administration’s potential
embrace of “right-to-work” laws could undermine teachers’ union rights, weaken
collective bargaining, and erode job protections. This shift could reduce
teachers’ ability to advocate for their students and classrooms without fear of
retribution. It’s critical that we, as UFT members, work together to protect
our union’s strength, support each other, and continue to advocate for
conditions that allow teachers to provide the best possible education.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Federal support for science and
climate education may decrease, particularly given the administration’s stance
on climate change. As NYC educators, we must commit to teaching our students
science grounded in evidence and fact. This includes continuing to educate
about environmental issues and climate change, preparing students to address
these pressing challenges in the future.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The potential changes ahead could
profoundly affect NYC’s educational landscape. It’s imperative that we, as
progressive educators, remain informed, organized, and active in protecting our
students’ rights and access to quality education. Here are a few actions we can
take together:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Build Coalitions:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
     Partner with other education advocates, civil rights organizations, and
     community groups to amplify our voices.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Advocate Locally:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
     Push for policies within NYC’s Department of Education and city government
     that protect students, maintain equitable funding, and uphold inclusive
     values.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Engage Families and Communities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; Inform and empower families about their rights and the
     potential impacts of federal changes on their children’s education.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Stay Active in the Union:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; Participate in UFT meetings and initiatives, ensuring
     that our voices are heard and that we’re prepared to respond to policy
     changes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The future is uncertain, but by
standing together, we can continue to uphold the values of equity, justice, and
inclusion in our schools and fight for a public education system that serves
all students.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/what-trump-administration-and.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-3279513344081327513</guid><pubDate>Mon, 11 Nov 2024 10:33:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-11T05:33:47.477-05:00</atom:updated><title>Out of Touch and Out of Time: Why the UFT’s War on Congestion Pricing Fails NYC Teachers and Students</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;In a misguided and poorly executed
attempt to stall New York City&#39;s Congestion Pricing plan, the United Federation
of Teachers (UFT) and its president, Michael Mulgrew, have not only acted
against the interests of their members but have also launched a frivolous
federal lawsuit, ignored the democratic voice of the union, and undermined
critical environmental and public health goals. Congestion Pricing is essential
for a healthier, more sustainable New York City, and by opposing it, the UFT
has aligned itself with reactionary voices that put political expedience over
public welfare.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The federal lawsuit filed by the UFT
was dismissed almost immediately, illustrating its lack of legal merit and
foresight. Mulgrew’s unilateral decision to start this lawsuit without
consulting the broader membership is emblematic of an increasingly undemocratic
approach to leadership within the UFT. Members deserve transparency and
representation, especially in decisions that implicate public policy and use
union resources. This legal misadventure was not just a waste of union dues; it
was a direct affront to the values of collective decision-making.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Governor Kathy Hochul’s delay in
implementing Congestion Pricing—backed by Mulgrew and the UFT—appears to be a
concession to appease conservative suburban voters. This political move has
come at a staggering cost to the city. Every day that Congestion Pricing is
delayed means further deterioration of our public transit system, additional
air pollution, and increased vehicular congestion. Our students, teachers, and
communities are paying the price with their health, as higher traffic levels
exacerbate air pollution, impacting lung health and making the city less
livable for all New Yorkers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Congestion Pricing, if implemented,
would provide funding for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA),
which is in desperate need of revenue for repairs, upgrades, and expansions. A
stronger public transit system benefits everyone, including teachers who rely
on reliable transportation to get to their schools, parents who rely on safe
and dependable routes to work, and students who deserve a healthier
environment.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The UFT’s opposition to Congestion
Pricing is ostensibly based on the notion that some teachers need to drive into
the Central Business District (CBD) to get to work. However, the reality is
that only a small fraction of teachers actually rely on personal vehicles to
commute into the CBD. Teachers who live in boroughs outside of Manhattan
already know that parking outside of the CBD and completing their commute by
subway or bus is a viable and affordable option. Not only would this reduce
their transportation costs, but it would also align with the city’s broader
environmental goals.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mulgrew’s actions reveal a profound
disconnect between UFT leadership and its rank-and-file members. Many educators
support environmentally responsible policies and understand that a well-funded
public transit system directly impacts their students’ quality of life. By
spending union resources to fight against Congestion Pricing, Mulgrew has
signaled that he prioritizes narrow interests over the union’s commitment to
sustainability and public health.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Moreover, Congestion Pricing has
widespread public support and has been recognized as an essential measure to
alleviate traffic and pollution in New York City. Teachers, who live in
neighborhoods directly impacted by vehicle emissions, should be champions for
policies that improve air quality and promote sustainable transportation
solutions. Mulgrew’s opposition to this essential policy runs contrary to the
very ideals of social and environmental justice that the UFT should be
advancing.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;It’s time for the UFT to realign its
leadership with the values and priorities of its members. New York City’s
educators should be among the strongest advocates for a city that values clean
air, sustainable transportation, and equitable public services. If the UFT
leadership is out of step with these principles, it’s time for a serious
conversation about the future direction of the union. Teachers deserve better
than to see their union dues wasted on lawsuits that prioritize political
posturing over real, positive change.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;As union members, as teachers, and
as New Yorkers, we should demand that Michael Mulgrew and the UFT leadership
listen to the voices of their rank-and-file members, reconsider their
opposition to Congestion Pricing, and join the fight for a greener, more
sustainable New York City. The health of our students, the strength of our
public transit, and the integrity of our union depend on it.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/out-of-touch-and-out-of-time-why-ufts.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-3212681968505188590</guid><pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 2024 12:31:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-11-04T07:35:07.032-05:00</atom:updated><title>Lessons from the Boeing Strike: Why Opposition Groups Are the Key to Revitalizing Teacher Unions</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;The recent Boeing strike didn’t just make headlines for its powerful
stand on wages and working conditions—it offered a model for how rank-and-file
workers can take control, making union action more effective, democratic, and
responsive to members. In contrast, public sector unions, especially teacher
unions, have often struggled with stagnant leadership that, while well-meaning,
may be slow to respond to evolving challenges. For teachers, opposition groups
within unions—dedicated factions that actively push for more aggressive action
and accountability from leadership—are increasingly essential. If teachers want
unions that truly serve their needs, it’s time to strengthen these internal
movements and take inspiration from Boeing’s rank-and-file approach.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The Boeing strike succeeded largely because of the power wielded by
Boeing’s rank-and-file members, who pressed for more aggressive bargaining and
refused to settle for weak compromises. The strike was ultimately driven by the
workers themselves, not by distant union executives. This rank-and-file-driven
power forced Boeing’s hand and made their demands impossible to ignore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;In the teaching profession, similar rank-and-file power often comes from
opposition groups within unions. These groups push back against complacency,
demanding real progress on issues like wages, classroom conditions, and respect
for educators. By empowering these opposition factions, teachers can ensure
that union leadership doesn’t become overly bureaucratic or lose touch with the
realities teachers face daily. Without this internal push, teacher unions risk
stagnating, stuck in cycles of weak contracts and timid negotiations that serve
neither educators nor their students.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;One of the reasons Boeing workers found success was because they refused
to settle for less, even when it meant extending their strike and facing
considerable financial pressure. For teachers, weak union contracts often
result from leadership that may be hesitant to disrupt the status quo, opting
for safer, more palatable agreements rather than fighting for meaningful
change. Opposition groups within teacher unions play a critical role here by
demanding accountability from leadership and insisting that members deserve
better than incremental gains.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Opposition factions have already demonstrated their impact in recent
years. In cities like Chicago and Los Angeles, grassroots-led movements within
teacher unions challenged complacent leadership and mobilized members for
stronger action. These factions pushed for contracts that addressed classroom
conditions, school funding, and community support—issues that are often
sidelined in favor of quicker, “safer” negotiations. The power of these groups
shows that real change comes not from the top but from a strong, organized base
that holds leaders accountable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;A key factor in the Boeing strike was the workers’ resistance to Boeing’s
corporate power and influence over politics. This challenge to corporate
control is equally relevant for teachers, who face well-funded lobbying efforts
by privatization advocates, charter school networks, and those aiming to erode
public education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Opposition groups in teacher unions bring a fresh approach to this fight,
often pushing leadership to adopt more aggressive stances against privatization
and anti-union political agendas. They’re essential for countering the “reform”
movements that aim to weaken unions and strip teachers of their rights. By
standing firm against these influences, opposition factions can ensure that
unions don’t become mere bureaucratic bodies but remain vibrant, fighting
forces that prioritize public education over private profit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;One of the strategies that helped Boeing workers succeed was their
ability to frame their demands as part of a broader struggle for dignity and
corporate accountability—gaining public support in the process. Teachers’
opposition groups within unions have similarly worked to align their demands
with the needs of their communities, framing issues like class sizes, school
funding, and teacher pay as crucial to student success. This connection builds
alliances with parents, students, and community organizations, creating a
coalition that’s harder for school boards and politicians to ignore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Where traditional union leadership may be cautious in pushing for
community involvement, opposition groups have been the ones to lead the charge,
highlighting the importance of classroom conditions and adequate funding. These
groups understand that the struggles of teachers are tied to the quality of
public education overall, making them more willing to engage in bold action and
coalition-building that includes the communities they serve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;In the Boeing strike, the strength of the rank and file ensured that
union leadership stayed in line with the members’ demands. Within teacher
unions, opposition groups serve this role, holding leadership accountable and
pushing back against any signs of compromise or stagnation. Without these
internal movements, union leaders can become insulated from the day-to-day
challenges facing teachers, prioritizing safe but weak agreements over the bold
demands that members need.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Opposition groups are the mechanism through which teachers’ voices are
amplified, and they make it clear that union leadership works for them, not the
other way around. By challenging leadership to be more responsive and
transparent, opposition groups ensure that union priorities align with the
needs of teachers, not with preserving bureaucratic stability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The Boeing strike demonstrated what’s possible when workers take control
of their unions and demand real change. For teachers and public sector workers,
the power of internal opposition groups offers a similar path forward. These
groups are not divisive; rather, they are essential for fostering vibrant,
responsive unions that can fight effectively for the rights of their members
and the quality of public education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Without the pressure from opposition groups, teacher unions risk becoming
slow-moving organizations that settle for “good enough” contracts and shy away
from hard battles. But with strong internal movements that challenge
leadership, teacher unions can become true engines of change. In an era when
labor rights and public education are increasingly under attack, building this
kind of internal strength isn’t just beneficial—it’s necessary. As Boeing’s
workers have shown, only a unified, empowered rank and file can win the gains
that truly matter. For teachers, the message is clear: real change begins from
within.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;























</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/11/lessons-from-boeing-strike-why.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-4430000193352431476</guid><pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 2024 13:15:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-10-31T09:15:44.487-04:00</atom:updated><title>An Empty Win: How the UFT&#39;s Holiday &#39;Victory&#39; Fails NYC Teachers and Families</title><description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;In response to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/799-24/mayor-adams-chancellor-aviles-ramos-uft-president-mulgrew-extra-recess-day-december-23#/0&quot;&gt;press
release&lt;/a&gt; by NYC Mayor Eric Adams regarding the new December 23 holiday for
NYC public schools, it’s hard not to question the judgment — and perhaps even
the priorities — of the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) leadership. The
announcement, which touts an &quot;extra day with family,&quot; seems like an
appealing gesture on the surface, but when examined more closely, it reveals an
unsettling level of superficial negotiation by the union. The real problem lies
in how this decision exposes both the union’s inability to secure meaningful
concessions and a willingness to bolster the image of an embattled mayor rather
than hold firm on issues that impact teachers daily.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;One key concern is what, if anything, had to be traded to secure this day.
In negotiations, unions seldom receive benefits without conceding something in
return — especially when they lack leverage. The UFT has chosen not to address
what was given up in this case, likely because they prefer not to draw
attention to the fact that substantial trade-offs may have occurred behind
closed doors. Without any transparency from the union on these details, it’s
fair to question whether the union leadership’s priorities are misplaced. Did
the union give up valuable bargaining power or specific provisions from ongoing
negotiations to secure a token gesture that benefits the mayor’s image far more
than it does UFT members?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Furthermore, one could argue that this decision plays directly into the
political theater Mayor Adams is staging. As he faces legal issues and
criticism on multiple fronts, this holiday adjustment provides him with a
convenient way to curry public favor without addressing any underlying issues
within the NYC school system. By standing beside him, UFT President Michael
Mulgrew is inadvertently lending credibility to Adams at a time when union
leaders should be holding the administration accountable for its actions. This
does nothing for the long-term gains for teachers or students; it only serves
to make a compromised mayor appear proactive and responsive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;While an additional day off sounds like a win for both teachers and
students, it’s a hollow one. This minor adjustment fails to address the core
issues teachers continue to face, from class sizes and support staff shortages
to classroom resources and pay equity. The UFT could have used this opportunity
to demand tangible improvements for its members — changes that would make a
lasting impact on the day-to-day lives of educators and students alike.
Instead, the focus on &quot;family time&quot; appears to be little more than a
smokescreen for a weak negotiation strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Ultimately, this decision may come back to haunt the union in the long run.
Teachers and union members rely on strong, assertive leadership to secure real
benefits and protections. When union leadership fails to negotiate from a
position of strength and instead collaborates on photo-ops, it sends a message
of weakness. If the union cannot stand firm now, what faith should members have
that it will stand strong in future battles? This &quot;extra day off&quot; has
revealed just how much is missing from the UFT’s priorities — and just how
little it has fought for what truly matters to its members.&lt;/p&gt;







</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/10/an-empty-win-how-ufts-holiday-victory.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-3212065193973420414</guid><pubDate>Wed, 30 Oct 2024 11:10:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-10-30T07:18:10.593-04:00</atom:updated><title>Silenced Voices and Broken Trust: How the UFT&#39;s Leadership Fails Its Own Members</title><description>&lt;p&gt;For many educators in New York City, the United Federation
of Teachers (UFT) is supposed to be a trusted advocate, representing their
interests in a system that often feels adversarial. However, frustration and
disillusionment among rank-and-file members have grown significantly in recent
years, fueled by what many view as the union’s increasing detachment from the
issues its members face daily.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Rather than providing transparent, responsive support, the
UFT’s current leadership seems more focused on maintaining its power and
allegiance to the Department of Education (DOE) than on protecting teachers,
guidance counselors, and school staff.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Here’s a look at how the union&#39;s handling of members’
complaints, questions, and essential advocacy has deteriorated, often with
serious consequences for New York City educators.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;One of the most basic ways members should be able to seek
assistance is through the union’s helpline. However, teachers and other school
staff members report that their calls are often met with robotic menus that
seem designed to frustrate rather than to help. Michelle, a third-grade teacher at an elementary school in Harlem, recounts her recent experience: “I called the
UFT for guidance on dealing with a principal who was routinely scheduling
mandatory meetings during our prep periods, which I knew was against our
contract. After navigating a maze of options and waiting on hold, I was finally
routed to an automated message that ended up hanging up on me. When I finally
reached someone on a second attempt, they told me to ‘speak to my district rep’
without any clear guidance on how to do that.”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;This impersonal and ineffective phone system only serves to
deepen frustration and anxiety among members who are already overwhelmed by
their daily responsibilities.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ideally, district representatives would be chosen based on
their effectiveness, knowledge, and advocacy skills. But in reality, district
reps are selected more for their loyalty to the UFT administration than for
their ability to support members. Daniel, a science teacher from a middle
school in the Bronx, shared how his district rep, though personable, seemed
unprepared and uninterested in addressing his school’s concerns. “We’ve had
issues with overcrowding and lack of resources for years, but our rep never
seems to bring these issues up with union leadership. When I asked him
directly, he just shrugged and said, ‘These things take time.’ It feels like
he’s more interested in keeping his position than actually advocating for us.”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;This practice has created a network of district reps who are
loyal to union administration but often out of touch with the real issues
teachers are facing, leaving schools and staff to fend for themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;When members approve a contract, they expect the union to uphold it. But for many
teachers, contract violations by principals and DOE officials are rarely, if
ever, challenged by the UFT. Maria, a bilingual guidance counselor at an
elementary school in Brooklyn, described how her principal regularly asked her
to work through her designated lunch periods, a direct violation of her
contract. “I filed a complaint with the union, hoping they would step in, but I
never heard back. A few months later, I learned that the union had apparently
discussed my complaint with the principal—behind closed doors, and without my
involvement.”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Maria’s experience is unfortunately common. Many teachers
feel that the union’s leadership is more interested in appeasing principals and
DOE officials than in upholding the rights of their own members.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Perhaps the most significant betrayal of trust is the way the UFT has
negotiated away essential health and welfare benefits without members’ consent.
In the last MLC negotiation (the body the UFT heads to negotiate health and
welfare benefits), the union accepted a deal that increased out-of-pocket costs
for many members and reduced certain healthcare benefits, including mental
health services that have become crucial as the demands on teachers grow. Tom,
a math teacher previously at Washington Irving High School, feels particularly
disappointed: “We’re already stretched thin financially, and then they go ahead
and make it harder for us to access healthcare. It feels like they sold us out
to save a few bucks.” This lack of protection for health benefits, particularly
at a time when they are so necessary, has left many members questioning the
union’s commitment to their welfare.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Union leadership insists that delegate assemblies offer a
platform for open discussion and democratic decision-making. However, many
delegates report that these meetings are heavily scripted, with little
opportunity for genuine questioning or debate. Joanne, a delegate from a school
in Queens, described her frustration: “Whenever I try to ask a real question
about our contract negotiations or the lack of support for our Chapter Leaders,
I’m either ignored or given a canned response. It’s clear they don’t want
dissent; they want agreement.” The lack of transparency and open discussion has
created a stifling atmosphere, where dissent is quietly suppressed rather than
openly addressed.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The union’s failure to maintain an organized structure
within schools is another serious concern. Many schools are left without
Chapter Leaders, making it difficult for staff to communicate effectively with
the union or to advocate for necessary changes. Schools without Chapter Leaders
often struggle with critical issues like unsafe working conditions, overcrowded
classrooms, and a lack of resources. Sarah, a cluster teacher at an elementary school in
Brooklyn, has been working at her school for three years without a Chapter
Leader. “Without someone to represent us directly, it’s like we’re invisible to
the union,” she explains. “Whenever I try to reach out for help, they tell me
to go through my Chapter Leader—which I don’t even have!”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;When it comes to negotiations with city officials, the UFT’s
ineffectiveness has become glaringly apparent. Despite Mayor Eric Adams’
administration facing various corruption scandals and a revolving door of DOE
leadership, the union has made little progress in advocating for its members.
The lack of stability in the DOE should theoretically be a bargaining chip, but
the UFT has failed to use it to its advantage. Instead, teachers feel the union
is more likely to make compromises than to stand firm on important issues.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;John, a special education teacher in Staten Island, put it
this way: “It feels like our union is more interested in making nice with the
Mayor’s Office than actually securing us a fair contract. Adams is indicted,
his DOE leadership changes constantly, and yet the UFT is content with settling
for weak compromises that don’t actually protect us.” This lack of strong
bargaining only weakens the union’s influence and leaves educators feeling
abandoned in the face of systemic issues.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The union’s behavior has left many teachers feeling as
though they no longer have a voice within their own organization. As the UFT
continues to ignore contract violations, script delegate assemblies, and sell
out vital health benefits, members are increasingly left with one pressing
question: who is the union truly working for?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;If the UFT is to regain the trust of its members, it must
start with accountability, transparency, and a renewed commitment to advocate
for the welfare of educators. Without real change, the union risks not only the
erosion of its influence but also the alienation of the very people it is
supposed to represent. As long as the UFT’s leadership prioritizes loyalty,
secrecy, and compromise over its members&#39; needs, teachers and school staff will
continue to be left without the support they deserve.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/10/silenced-voices-and-broken-trust-how.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-4931981207723481732</guid><pubDate>Sun, 27 Oct 2024 11:35:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-10-27T08:21:39.916-04:00</atom:updated><title>Crossroads for Change: Why the UFT Election is as Pivotal as a U.S. Presidential Race</title><description>&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span color=&quot;inherit&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;by Rebel Teacher&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span color=&quot;inherit&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;The United Federation of Teachers (UFT) presidential election this spring represents a crucial turning point. Much like a national election, this decision is a referendum on leadership, direction, and values, one that will shape the future of New York City’s educators, schools, and students. For decades, the Unity Caucus has held near-total control over the UFT’s leadership, dictating its policies, priorities, and strategies. Yet, under Unity’s rule, many members feel the union has grown increasingly insular, self-interested, and unresponsive to the needs of everyday educators. If this leadership is reelected, the UFT risks further disconnecting from its own members, leaving the very educators it claims to represent feeling unheard, unsupported, and disenfranchised.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Unity Caucus’s domination of the UFT has fostered a culture that prioritizes the maintenance of power over advocacy for change. Over time, this insularity has led to a fundamental shift in priorities, with Unity leaders focusing on consolidating their own positions rather than addressing the needs of rank-and-file members. Many educators believe Unity stopped truly caring about their struggles long ago, instead choosing to direct its energy toward securing its own influence within the union. As a result, the union’s leadership has grown increasingly detached from the challenges and frustrations experienced daily by teachers, counselors, and support staff in New York City’s schools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;If the current Unity-led leadership is reelected, members fear that the union’s lack of transparency and accountability will only deepen. Unity’s approach to communication has often been perceived as superficial, with meetings and announcements feeling more like public relations exercises than genuine efforts to address pressing issues. This pattern is unlikely to change with Unity at the helm. Instead, educators are concerned that Unity will continue to employ the same top-down methods that have stifled member input and prevented open, democratic engagement within the union. Without meaningful change in leadership, the UFT is likely to remain resistant to the kinds of structural reforms—such as transparent decision-making and member inclusion—that would empower rank-and-file voices and strengthen the union from within.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Unity Caucus’s self-serving approach has also fostered an atmosphere in which innovative ideas are either discouraged or ignored entirely. Union members who call for reform, suggest new strategies, or advocate for inclusivity often find their contributions unwelcome or dismissed. The centralized nature of Unity’s control over elections, committee appointments, and key decisions leaves little room for new voices to emerge, contributing to a stagnation that many members view as detrimental to the union’s long-term health. With Unity in power, this stagnation is unlikely to abate. Instead, the union’s leadership will likely continue down the same path, recycling outdated approaches and ignoring the demands of educators who want a stronger, more adaptive union.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Unity’s internal divisions have only exacerbated this sense of disarray. Reports of infighting within the caucus have emerged, revealing a leadership that is not only disconnected from its members but also divided within itself. These conflicts prevent Unity from presenting a strong, unified front, weakening the UFT’s ability to effectively negotiate on behalf of educators. With Unity reelected, this division is expected to persist, further diminishing the union’s bargaining position with city and state officials. As public education faces an array of external threats—from privatization and charter school expansion to standardized testing mandates and budget cuts—the UFT needs a leadership capable of unity, clarity, and vision. Instead, Unity’s internal discord compromises the union’s influence, leaving it ill-prepared to stand up for educators and students alike.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;The Unity Caucus’s self-preserving behavior has also translated into an alarming detachment from the challenges that educators face on the ground. New York City teachers and school staff are navigating a range of unprecedented issues, including increasing class sizes, funding shortages, administrative burdens, and critical concerns about safety and working conditions. Yet, under Unity’s leadership, many educators feel that these realities are overlooked or dismissed. Rather than engaging directly with these issues, Unity has focused on preserving its control, leaving rank-and-file members feeling abandoned by a union that should be their strongest advocate. If Unity remains in power, it’s likely that these challenges will continue to be met with superficial responses, rather than the proactive and robust advocacy educators need.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;In addition to lacking responsiveness to member needs, Unity has consistently failed to outline a clear, forward-thinking vision for the UFT. As the landscape of public education changes, the union must adapt to protect both educators and students. Yet, under Unity, the UFT has largely adopted a reactive stance, only addressing problems once they reach crisis levels instead of anticipating issues and preparing effective strategies in advance. Without a shift in leadership, this reactive approach is likely to persist, leaving educators without the proactive support they need in the face of mounting pressures. The absence of a cohesive vision undermines the union’s ability to inspire confidence and creates a sense of disarray, as members feel their leadership lacks both foresight and preparedness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ultimately, if Unity Caucus retains control of the UFT, the union risks becoming even more disconnected from its core mission: advocating for the welfare of educators and the quality of public education. Many educators are demanding a leadership that values transparency, inclusivity, and accountability, and that is genuinely committed to representing the interests of rank-and-file members. The UFT presidential election this spring provides a rare opportunity for members to make a choice—a choice to either continue down a path of stagnation, disunity, and self-interest, or to pursue a future in which the union serves as a strong, unified, and responsive advocate for its members.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Just as the U.S. presidential election impacts the nation’s future, the UFT election will determine whether New York City’s educators have a union that stands firmly by their side or one that prioritizes internal power struggles and self-preservation. The stakes are high, and the consequences of this decision will reverberate across New York City’s schools and communities. Members have a choice this spring: to either reelect Unity and endorse a continuation of the status quo or to embrace change and elect leaders who will commit to transparency, genuine advocacy, and a clear vision for the future of public education. The future of the UFT—and by extension, the future of New York City’s educators and students—hangs in the balance.&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/10/crossroads-for-change-why-uft-election.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>3</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-4643743709373690667</guid><pubDate>Wed, 11 Sep 2024 07:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-09-11T03:56:49.969-04:00</atom:updated><title>Survey Request - Please Complete</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hi Everybody&lt;/b&gt;, hoping your 2024-2025 school year is off to a good start! We&#39;re asking all UFT members, both in-service and retirees, to please complete the survey below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The UFT General Election (where we vote for UFT President, UFT Secretary, UFT Vice Presidents, etc.) is coming up in May 2025. For the last few months, a group of educators and UFT members across the city have been meeting and working to plan for this election. We’re concerned about what is happening to our profession and our Union.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested in&amp;nbsp; protecting your healthcare and pension, as well as your pay, benefits and working conditions, then please complete the survey below.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After completing the survey, please send the survey link to at least three other UFT members that you know. Better yet, re-post the survey link on your social media account(s) and/or email the survey link to all your UFT friends and colleagues. We want ALL UFT members to be involved.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The survey will take about 5 minutes to complete. All personal information you provide will be kept confidential. Let&#39;s work together to create a more responsive, more democratic, and stronger UFT. Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In solidarity,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Chad Hamilton&lt;br /&gt;Special Education Teacher&lt;br /&gt;P231K UFT Chapter Leader&lt;br /&gt;District 75&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://survey.uftmembers.org&quot;&gt;http://survey.uftmembers.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/09/survey-request-please-complete.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-7025498887125174908</guid><pubDate>Tue, 25 Jun 2024 21:57:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-06-26T12:33:17.116-04:00</atom:updated><title>ICE Calls For a  Unified Effort to Replace Unity Caucus and Bring our Union into the Modern Age</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;The Independent Community of Educators (ICE), a key advocacy group within the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) since 2003, calls on all UFT members, regardless of political affiliation or caucus connection, to join in a mission to replace Michael Mulgrew and his Unity Caucus and install a broad based leadership that genuinely fights for its members, broadens decision making in the UFT through democratic reforms, and gets tangible results in alignment with the priorities of its members. This effort may require the caucuses to at times restrain themselves from competing with each other to achieve this common goal. Let&#39;s build a united front where individuals within the UFT, no matter caucus or not, join in a common effort and aim at restoring a key tenet of unionism—being member drive .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;As we witness the growing discontent among our ranks and the erosion our ability to meet the needs of our students and patients, it is clear that the current leadership has failed to meet the needs and expectations of UFT members or protect the people we serve. Our members deserve leaders who are not only committed to advocating for their rights but also capable of delivering meaningful and positive changes for the community as a whole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;In the wake of the historic victories in the Retiree and Paraprofessional chapters, we urge all members to come together and support this movement to bring about the leadership change that our union and our city desperately needs. We need leaders who will prioritize the well-being of educators, support staff, and retirees, and who will stand up to external pressures without resorting to intimidation or bullying tactics. In addition to a leadership that understands what unionism truly stands for and contributes to the elevation of all the people in the city whom we work with and serve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT envisions a future where UFT leadership is transparent, democratic, and responsive to the concerns of its members. A leadership that fights for its members, instead of focusing on alliances with politicians and administrators that actively work against us. Our voices are being silenced by management and by our union which directly affects us and what we can provide to those who rely on our expertise.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Our goals include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Fighting for Members: Ensuring that all negotiations and decisions are made with the input of all members in the best interests of educators, nurses, support staff, and retirees in mind.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Ending Bullying by DOE and UFT Staff: Creating a respectful and supportive environment within our schools and union where every member feels valued and heard.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Achieving Results: Delivering on promises and implementing effective strategies to improve working conditions, compensation, and benefits for all members by activating our membership so they are empowered to advocate for the the conditions and systems that work for all.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;We believe that with new leadership, we can restore trust in the UFT and build a stronger, more unified organization that truly represents and advocates for its members and the people they serve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;We invite all UFT members to join us in this crucial effort. Together, we can bring about the changes necessary to ensure our union remains a powerful and effective advocate for educators, nurses and support staff&amp;nbsp; who contribute to and serve New York City and its citizens.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/06/ice-calls-for-unified-effort-to-replace.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-2876955951548259642</guid><pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 13:36:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-06-24T09:36:35.222-04:00</atom:updated><title> A Victory for Our Voices, A Fight for Our Future: Healthcare on Our Terms</title><description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;We did it! Michael Mulgrew&#39;s reversal on forced Medicare Advantage Plans is a monumental win for UFT retirees. This victory wasn&#39;t handed to us – it&#39;s the result of tireless grassroots pressure and unwavering resolve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For too long, the narrative has been: the Union leadership makes decisions, we accept them. But this win flips the script. It proves that our voices have power. It&#39;s a reminder that we, the members, are the Union.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This victory exposes a crucial truth: the current leadership structure leaves retirees particularly vulnerable. The secret Medicare Advantage agreement is a glaring example. We need a fundamental shift to ensure our healthcare needs are truly represented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here&#39;s how we turn this win into lasting change:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dissolve the Municipal Labor Committee (MLC). Their negotiations ran counter to our interests and shrouded in secrecy. We deserve better.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demand real negotiations for health and welfare benefits. Every decision impacting our healthcare must involve our input and approval.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eliminate conflicts of interest. Union-run benefit bureaucracies can prioritize their own agendas over ours. We need independent representation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Separate retiree and active member healthcare negotiations. This removes conflicts and allows each group&#39;s needs to be addressed fairly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transparency, transparency, transparency! No more backroom deals. Every negotiation needs to be open and accessible to the membership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fight isn&#39;t over. We can&#39;t trust the current leadership to represent our best interests if they operate in the shadows. Let&#39;s harness the power of this victory, demand a transparent, member-driven approach to healthcare, and secure the benefits we deserve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Together, we can build a stronger UFT that truly fights for ALL its members.&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/06/a-victory-for-our-voices-fight-for-our.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-2598442895982772826</guid><pubDate>Tue, 11 Jun 2024 12:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-06-11T08:19:40.454-04:00</atom:updated><title>Press Release:  ICE-UFT Demands Transparent and Efficient Ballot Count and Reporting Results by the American Arbitration Association (AAA)   </title><description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0f4761; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;New York, NY – The Independent
Community of Educators within the United Federation of Teachers (ICE-UFT) is
demanding that the American Arbitration Association (AAA) implement a
transparent, efficient, and equitable ballot counting process for the upcoming
UFT elections, including those for the UFT Retiree Chapter, Paraprofessional
Chapter, and all other contested elections. ICE-UFT insists that all members,
regardless of caucus affiliation, must be treated equally and provided with
equal access to observe and participate in the ballot count and access to all
data generated during the entire election process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #0f4761; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; margin: 8pt 0in 4pt;&quot;&gt;(See Education Notes for more
background: &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ednotesonline.blogspot.com/2024/06/can-aaa-competence-management-and.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; shape=&quot;rect&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Can AAA Competence, Management and Reporting Process be
Trusted in UFT Elections?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;This demand follows numerous issues observed in previous elections,
including inefficiency and delays on the part of AAA, frequent machine jams,
and extremely limited observation opportunities for members. Additionally,
concerns have been raised about private communications between the UFT
officers, all members of Unity Caucus, to which others were not privy, and AAA,
as well as delays in announcing results. During past UFT election counts,
requests for school-by-school data were denied, with AAA stating that only UFT
officials had access to those reports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;“Transparency and fairness are non-negotiable in our union elections,”
said Norm Scott, spokesperson for ICE-UFT. “We demand that AAA conduct the
ballot count in a manner that is open, efficient, and equitable, ensuring that
representatives from all caucuses have the same opportunities to participate
and monitor the process. Any deviation from this standard undermines the
integrity of our elections and the trust of our members.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT’s demands include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;1. Equal Access for All Caucuses: Representatives from all caucuses must
have identical opportunities to monitor the ballot count and raise any concerns
in real-time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;2. Transparency in Procedures: AAA must communicate and adhere to clear,
consistent procedures throughout the counting process to ensure transparency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;3. Efficient and Accurate Counting: The counting process must be carried
out with utmost efficiency and accuracy to reflect the true will of the UFT
membership.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;4. Access to All District and School Data: Full access must be provided
to all district and school data related to the elections to ensure complete
transparency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;5. Access to ballot process during the voting period: Regular reports on
numbers of ballots received, a report on number of ballots that were returned
due to wrong address, number of ballots returned past deadline of reception,
modification of the 8AM due time in final date of return to account for late
mail delivery. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;6. Prompt reporting to all caucus election committee reps on day of the
count instead of being told to wait for the official AAA report. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT emphasizes the critical importance of these measures in the
ballot counts for the UFT Retiree Chapter, Paraprofessional Chapter, and all
other contested elections. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;“These problems have cast doubt on the integrity of the election
process,” continued Norm Scott. “We cannot allow these issues to persist and
compromise the democratic principles our union stands for.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT’s call to action comes amid increasing concerns about potential
discrepancies and biases in the ballot counting process. By demanding these
measures, ICE-UFT aims to uphold. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;This press
release is intended for immediate distribution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;For more
information or to arrange an interview with Norm Scott, please contact him at
(917) 992-3734 or via email at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:normsco@gmail.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; shape=&quot;rect&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;normsco@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;**About
ICE-UFT**&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;ydpce5ed3aayiv3027951693MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;The Independent
Community of Educators within the United Federation of Teachers (ICE-UFT) is
dedicated to advocating for the rights and interests of educators and
supporting democratic practices within the union. ICE-UFT works tirelessly to
promote transparency, fairness, and inclusivity in all union activities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/06/press-release-ice-uft-demands.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-4180363775387398835</guid><pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2024 09:21:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-05-31T05:21:21.088-04:00</atom:updated><title>ICE-UFT Unyielding in the Face of Unity Caucus’s Unwarranted Personal Attacks</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;New York, NY – May 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;– The Independent
Community of Educators - United Federation of Teachers (ICE-UFT) vehemently
denounces the recent onslaught of personal attacks instigated by the Unity
Caucus, under the misguided leadership of UFT President Michael Mulgrew,
against our esteemed members. These unwarranted attacks, orchestrated by
District Representative Adam Shapiro and sanctioned by Staff Director Leroy
Barr, are not only devoid of merit but also serve as a smokescreen, diverting
attention from the urgent issues plaguing our educators and students.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT has consistently been a beacon of equity, justice, and
authentic representation for all UFT members. Our unwavering commitment to
cultivating an inclusive and supportive environment for educators remains
steadfast. Regrettably, Unity Caucus, under the misguided leadership of
President Mulgrew, has chosen to resort to personal attacks rather than
engaging in constructive dialogue and addressing the legitimate concerns of our
members.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Our priorities remain steadfast:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #111111; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Championing
     Fair Working Conditions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;: We are committed to ensuring that all educators are
     provided with a safe and supportive work environment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #111111; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Demanding
     Transparency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;:
     We are relentless in our pursuit for greater transparency in union
     operations and decision-making processes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #111111; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Empowering
     Educators&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;:
     We are dedicated to equipping educators with the necessary tools and
     support they need to excel in their roles and advocate for their rights.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #111111; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Revamping
     Our Dental Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;:
     We are determined to rectify the deficiencies in our current dental
     coverage to ensure comprehensive and accessible dental care for all
     members.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #111111; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Safeguarding
     Changes to Active Member and Retiree Healthcare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;: We are committed to ensuring
     that all changes to healthcare plans for active members and retirees
     prioritize quality care without escalating out-of-pocket expenses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #111111; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;Securing
     a Living Wage for Paraprofessionals&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;: We are unwavering in our advocacy for fair and
     livable wages to ensure that paraprofessionals receive the compensation
     they rightfully deserve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;We challenge Unity Caucus, President Mulgrew, District
Representative Shapiro, and Staff Director Barr to abandon their personal
attacks and join us in addressing the critical issues that impact our education
system. The strength of our union lies in our collective ability to unite and
collaborate for the betterment of our schools and communities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: Roboto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT remains resolute in preserving the integrity of our
union and will not be swayed by these divisive tactics. We extend an invitation
to all members of the UFT to stand with us in solidarity, focusing on the
shared objective of enhancing our education system for the benefit of both
educators and students. We will not be silenced. We will not be deterred. We
stand firm. We are ICE-UFT.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/05/ice-uft-unyielding-in-face-of-unity.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-6365068665589643279</guid><pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2024 11:13:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-05-04T04:05:42.013-04:00</atom:updated><title> Press Release: Independent Community of Educators of the UFT Criticizes Mulgrew’s Unity Caucus Leadership and Supports Insurgent Campaigns</title><description>&lt;p&gt;(New
 York, NY) - The Independent Community of Educators of the UFT (ICE-UFT)
 issues a critical examination of the leadership of Unity Caucus of the United Federation of Teachers 
(UFT) and its
 President of 15 years, Michael Mulgrew. As advocates for educational equity, fair labor practices, and 
democratic governance, ICE-UFT voices deep concerns regarding the 
direction and actions of Unity Caucus under Mulgrew&#39;s leadership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;Unity
 Caucus, entrenched as the dominant political faction within UFT, has 
come under scrutiny for its lack of transparency, lack of accountability, and 
lack of responsiveness to the needs of educators and students. Michael Mulgrew, 
as the long-standing president of UFT and a prominent figure within the 
Unity Caucus, bears significant responsibility for the failures and 
shortcomings of the organization.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;gmail-im&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;Our critique encompasses several key areas:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Lack of Teacher Empowerment:&lt;/b&gt; Unity Caucus and Mulgrew have stifled dissent and marginalized voices of teachers who 
challenge the status quo. This authoritarian approach undermines the 
principles of democracy and collective decision-making within the union.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Failure to Address Educational Inequities:&lt;/b&gt; Despite professing 
commitment to educational equity, Unity Caucus and Mulgrew have failed 
to effectively address systemic inequities in New York City&#39;s public 
schools. Issues such as resource disparities, racial segregation, and 
unequal access to quality education persist under their leadership.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Neglect of Member Concerns:&lt;/b&gt; Many UFT members have expressed 
frustration over the union&#39;s handling of grievances, contract 
negotiations, and other labor-related issues. Unity Caucus and Mulgrew 
have been criticized for prioritizing political alliances over the 
interests of their constituents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Opposition to Progressive Reform:&lt;/b&gt;
 Unity Caucus&#39;s resistance to 
progressive reforms, such as empowering classroom teachers, 
incorporating class size limits in the contract, dynamic curriculum 
reform, opposing the negative effects of high stakes testing, opposing controls of schools by the mayor and increased 
funding for public education, reflects a disconnect from the grassroots 
movements advocating for meaningful change.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Ethical Concerns:&lt;/b&gt; Allegations of cronyism, conflicts of interest, 
and financial mismanagement have cast doubt on the integrity of Unity 
Caucus leadership and Michael Mulgrew.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;gmail-im&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;In contrast to the status quo represented by Unity Caucus, ICE-UFT proudly supports three insurgent campaigns within the UFT:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Retiree Advocate Slate in the UFT Retiree Chapter election:&lt;/b&gt; Led by retired Chapter Leader Bennett Fischer for 
Retiree Chapter, fighting to preserve Medicare benefits for retired 
educators.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Fix Para Pay Slate in the UFT Paraprofessional Chapter election:&lt;/b&gt; Committed to securing better pay for paraprofessionals, addressing long-standing wage disparities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ben Morgenroth for Teacher Retirement System Teacher Trustee:&lt;/b&gt; Advocating for the reform 
of Tier 6 and the establishment of independent oversight to ensure the 
financial well-being of active and retired members.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;gmail-im&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;ICE-UFT
 calls for a renewed commitment to democratic principles, transparency, 
and accountability within UFT leadership. We urge Unity Caucus and 
Michael Mulgrew to heed the voices of educators, students, and community
 members demanding genuine reform and representation within the union.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;For media inquiries or further information, please contact:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;m_4472076843466320016m_5065446249418509624AppleMailSignature&quot;&gt;Norm Scott, normsco@gmail. com, 917-992-3734&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/05/press-release-independent-community-of.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15921757.post-8175517060408635452</guid><pubDate>Sun, 28 Apr 2024 14:32:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2024-04-28T10:32:22.734-04:00</atom:updated><title>Call to Action: Our ‘Get Out The Vote’ homework for upcoming UFT &amp; TRS elections</title><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _reset_1k90y_1 tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secondary&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(119, 119, 119) !important; font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol !important; font-size: 13px !important; list-style: none; margin: 0; text-decoration: unset;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _align-right_1k90y_16 _size-12_1k90y_40 _reset_1k90y_1&quot; style=&quot;color: unset; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-decoration: unset;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _reset_1k90y_1&quot; style=&quot;color: unset; list-style: none; margin: 0; text-decoration: unset;&quot; translated=&quot;&quot;&gt;l? &lt;a class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _decoration-underline_1k90y_285 _reset_1k90y_1&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly90aGV3aXJlLmVkdWNhdG9ycy5ueWMvc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZSZyPWhhcDZiJm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ0aGV3aXJlLmVkdWNhdG9ycy5ueWMlMkZwJTJGY2FsbC10by1hY3Rpb24tb3VyLWdldC1vdXQtdGhlLXZvdGUiLCJwIjoxNDQwODQ2NTYsInMiOjI5MzY0NiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjkwNTI2NTksImlhdCI6MTcxNDMwNDM5NiwiZXhwIjoxNzE2ODk2Mzk2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.fud7jJOqhrGOrQ0-TB4s8IedT0rCqdNypclxv7VPpNU?&quot; style=&quot;list-style: none; margin: 0px; text-decoration-color: unset; text-decoration-style: unset; text-decoration-thickness: unset;&quot;&gt;Subscribe here&lt;/a&gt; for more&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;header graphic-header&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;border-spacing: 0; padding: 16px 0 32px; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.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.1gyRqSW3AjW0kEv-FFuwaHEskqUVLAcnfHUC4RKx88c?&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;header-image&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;103&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dfa3f5f-9686-4473-b8e3-a262ba1a6986_2560x479.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none !important; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;typography&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;preamble&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 26px; margin-top: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;body markup&quot; dir=&quot;auto&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; text-align: initial; width: 100%; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;h6 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system-headline, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 0px 0px 0.625em;&quot;&gt;Disclaimer&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;h6 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system-headline, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0px 0px;&quot;&gt;The
 views expressed by our individual authors are their own and may not 
reflect the views of the EONYC community. Just as we may not all agree 
with the editorial views expressed as the collective Educators of NYC 
community.&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 16px 0 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post typography&quot; dir=&quot;auto&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; padding: 16px 0 0 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-header&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;h1 class=&quot;post-title published&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=293646&amp;amp;post_id=144084656&amp;amp;utm_source=post-email-title&amp;amp;utm_campaign=email-post-title&amp;amp;isFreemail=true&amp;amp;r=hap6b&amp;amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyOTA1MjY1OSwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTQ0MDg0NjU2LCJpYXQiOjE3MTQzMDQzOTYsImV4cCI6MTcxNjg5NjM5NiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTI5MzY0NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.a4U2rO_9uRIlhWjZ2Xs6IxiZqisgFUbz1p1Ti72Xth4&quot; style=&quot;color: #363737; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;🚨 Call to Action: Our ‘Get Out The Vote’ homework for upcoming UFT &amp;amp; TRS elections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;subtitle&quot; style=&quot;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; appearance: optimizelegibility; color: #777777; font-family: &#39;SF Pro Display&#39;, -apple-system-headline, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;, &#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;, &#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 12px; margin: 4px 0 0;&quot;&gt;Help
 us GET OUT THE VOTE for: Ben Morgenroth for TRS Pension Trustee, Fix 
Para Pay Slate for Para Chapter Election and Retiree Advocate for 
Retired Teachers Chapter (RTC)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;post-meta&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;align-items: center; height: 20px; margin: 1em 0; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _color-primary_1k90y_183 _line-height-20_1k90y_95 _font-meta_1k90y_131 _size-11_1k90y_35 _weight-medium_1k90y_162 _transform-uppercase_1k90y_242 _reset_1k90y_1 _meta_1k90y_442 custom-css-email-post-author&quot; style=&quot;color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Compact&amp;quot;, -apple-system, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; text-decoration: unset; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _color-primary_1k90y_183 _line-height-20_1k90y_95 _font-meta_1k90y_131 _size-11_1k90y_35 _weight-medium_1k90y_162 _transform-uppercase_1k90y_242 _reset_1k90y_1 _meta_1k90y_442&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/fc859dde-5a16-440d-92a7-dcd8a32e5571?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; style=&quot;color: #363737; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Educators of NYC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pencraft pc-reset _color-secondary_1k90y_186 _line-height-20_1k90y_95 _font-meta_1k90y_131 _size-11_1k90y_35 _weight-medium_1k90y_162 _transform-uppercase_1k90y_242 _reset_1k90y_1 _meta_1k90y_442&quot; style=&quot;color: #777777; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Compact&amp;quot;, -apple-system, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; text-decoration: unset; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;time datetime=&quot;2024-04-28T11:39:54.303Z&quot;&gt;Apr 28&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/fc859dde-5a16-440d-92a7-dcd8a32e5571?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;custom-css-email-avatar _avatar_xsv8v_65&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd003ecad-9013-4465-bebf-36a7c6688839_400x400.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;border-radius: 500000px; border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; height: 40px; margin: 0px; max-width: 550px; min-height: 40px; min-width: 40px; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px;&quot; width=&quot;40&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;email-ufi-2-top&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); min-width: 100%; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr height=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;td height=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: 38px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;email-icon-button&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=293646&amp;amp;post_id=144084656&amp;amp;utm_source=substack&amp;amp;isFreemail=true&amp;amp;submitLike=true&amp;amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyOTA1MjY1OSwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTQ0MDg0NjU2LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTcxNDMwNDM5NiwiZXhwIjoxNzE2ODk2Mzk2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMjkzNjQ2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.ZommxEnTLQKcLO6zZij55Zsl-DWPkydIrpCQ4m4OBx4&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=email-reaction&amp;amp;r=hap6b&quot; style=&quot;border-radius: 9999px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; min-width: 38px; padding: 9px 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase; width: 38px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;icon&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;18&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2&quot; style=&quot;border: none !important; max-width: 18px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;18&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;min-width: 8px;&quot; width=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: 38px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;email-icon-button&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=293646&amp;amp;post_id=144084656&amp;amp;utm_source=substack&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;isFreemail=true&amp;amp;comments=true&amp;amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyOTA1MjY1OSwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTQ0MDg0NjU2LCJpYXQiOjE3MTQzMDQzOTYsImV4cCI6MTcxNjg5NjM5NiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTI5MzY0NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.a4U2rO_9uRIlhWjZ2Xs6IxiZqisgFUbz1p1Ti72Xth4&amp;amp;r=hap6b&amp;amp;utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&amp;amp;utm_source=substack&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&quot; style=&quot;border-radius: 9999px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; 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width: 38px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;icon&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;18&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2&quot; style=&quot;border: none !important; max-width: 18px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;18&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;min-width: 8px;&quot; width=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: 38px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;email-icon-button&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.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.-1WmwhMtX_APfkyX7Xp8IYHhj0_yaQJSSVY0GT-OUVM?&amp;amp;utm_source=substack&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&quot; style=&quot;border-radius: 9999px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; min-width: 38px; padding: 9px 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase; width: 38px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;icon&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;18&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2&quot; style=&quot;border: none !important; max-width: 18px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;18&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;email-button-outline&quot; href=&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/educatorsofnyc/p/call-to-action-our-get-out-the-vote?utm_source=email&amp;amp;redirect=app-store&quot; style=&quot;border-radius: 9999px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); color: #777777; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; padding: 9px 14px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;email-button-spacer&quot; style=&quot;display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; max-width: 0; min-height: 18px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;email-button-text&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 4px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;READ IN APP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;icon text-icon&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;18&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2&quot; style=&quot;border: none !important; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; max-width: 18px; min-height: 18px; min-width: 18px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;18&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr height=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;td height=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post typography&quot; dir=&quot;auto&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; padding: 16px 0 0 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;body markup&quot; dir=&quot;auto&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; text-align: initial; width: 100%; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;captioned-image-container-static&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 26px; margin: 0px auto 32px;&quot;&gt;&lt;figure style=&quot;margin: 0 auto; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;image-wrapper&quot; data-component-name=&quot;Image2ToDOMStatic&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image-link&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/e0009d04-7d5a-4fe8-b642-1a00eb6cc80a?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;align-items: center; border: none; display: block; flex-direction: column; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; width: auto;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7a40fa0d-bdb7-4086-b32d-fbe8dea83381_300x167.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:167,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:300,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-unique-identifier=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;167&quot; shrinktofit=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_300,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7a40fa0d-bdb7-4086-b32d-fbe8dea83381_300x167.png&quot; style=&quot;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; border: none !important; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 100% !important; vertical-align: middle; width: auto !important;&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #DD2160; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;We
 need your help to get out the vote for three important elections 
affecting UFT members that will launch/take place in the coming days. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It’s time for CHANGE! As a union proud and union strong community, we must take back our union.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #DD2160; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;We’ve seen way too many cuts to &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/16293922-612a-44f4-bc49-a9b1df56c427?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;our healthcare&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/790cb2bd-204e-4e3f-9341-6088b99345c0?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;pension,&lt;/a&gt; and wages that lag behind inflation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;Each
 one of these races challenges Michael Mulgrew’s dangerous establishment
 control over our beloved union. They are also vital in educating our 
union family about the crisis regarding health &amp;amp; pension benefits 
and about our struggles with sub-inflation raises/wages.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;Please
 share these campaigns and resources with friends, family and colleagues
 via: Text, e-mail, phone call, in-person, mail, social media&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;header-with-anchor-widget&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system-headline, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.375em; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0px 0.625em; position: relative;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.  Ben Morgenroth For TRS Pension Trustee&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What’s at stake:  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #DD2160; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fixing
 Tier 6, now. Not later. Ben will provide expert, independent oversight 
of our pensions. We must end pension cuts while securing and fully 
funding our pensions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;Learn more &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/03f67302-fbb5-4c42-8cd5-068d5694d73f?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;about Ben’s highly qualified credentials and his priorities here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;🗳️  Election Day:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Wednesday, May 8, 2024 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Principals will conduct elections in NYC DOE schools. CUNY will conduct elections at their campuses on May 8 &amp;amp; 9.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;📅  Join this event this week:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt; A virtual town hall will be held on Thursday, May 2, at 5:30 PM. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/33fed57f-0264-487b-939e-191ffccf942b?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;RSVP for the Strengthen our TRS Pension virtual town hall&lt;/a&gt; with Ben Morgenroth. &lt;/strong&gt;His opponent, a Mulgrew appointee, has been invited. It will be held via Zoom. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;⬇️  &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/e92286b2-18d1-4ed6-8611-567a7e2eb8a6?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Download, print, share the Ben Morgenroth for TRS Trustee flyer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;🌐  &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Follow, like and share these links with everyone:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Website:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/03f67302-fbb5-4c42-8cd5-068d5694d73f?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;ben4trs.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/fe577e26-53fa-4429-b472-1bd1bbd86549?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Ben4TRS Facebook&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/53676c68-c5ab-4258-b3d1-9a2441065243?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Ben4TRS X/Twitter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/b668084d-ae49-4fc9-ac05-4ec275b7103a?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Make a donation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSft2xKya2W3b2ubr-OHdJQx7Poq8mEMJeXWZDtYBgLjoXFywg/viewform&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;RSVP: Strengthen Our TRS Pension&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding-left: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/33fed57f-0264-487b-939e-191ffccf942b?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;RSVP: Strengthen Our TRS Pension&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;http://ben4trs.org&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Ben4TRS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding-left: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/03f67302-fbb5-4c42-8cd5-068d5694d73f?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Ben4TRS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/19cqvElBjcPXMvPxSl1a17xNPwO_rDom2/view&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Ben4TRS Flyer&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding-left: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/e92286b2-18d1-4ed6-8611-567a7e2eb8a6?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Ben4TRS Flyer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;header-with-anchor-widget&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system-headline, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.375em; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0px 0.625em; position: relative;&quot;&gt;2.  Fix Para Pay Slate for UFT Paraprofessional Chapter Election&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What’s at stake:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #DD2160; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NYC paras deserve a living wage, a fair contract and respect &amp;amp; dignity.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;Learn more &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/073d22ec-ac9b-4c9e-81a9-af63dac3a3b7?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;about Fix Para Pay, their candidates and detailed priorities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;🗳️  Election Window:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ballots will be mailed out around May 9th.&lt;/strong&gt;  Mark an “X” in the FIX PARA PAY box on page 1 only.  Return your sealed mail-in ballot, ASAP, to the address provided.  &lt;strong&gt;All ballots must be mailed back by Thursday,June 13th.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;If you do not receive a ballot by May 15th, &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/073d22ec-ac9b-4c9e-81a9-af63dac3a3b7?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;contact Fix Para Pay via their website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;📅  Join this event this week:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/2b25d135-baf3-41d6-b4f9-9ffbe05c6db8?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;RSVP for Bronx in-person meetup &lt;/a&gt;to meet the Fix Para Pay candidates &lt;/strong&gt;on Thursday, May 2 from 4-6 PM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;⬇️ &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/f57c8a63-68f6-4ca0-8c73-c65fce7b471d?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Download, print, share the FIX PARA PAY flyer.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;🌐 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Follow, like and share these links with everyone:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Website: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/073d22ec-ac9b-4c9e-81a9-af63dac3a3b7?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;fixparapay.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/956916c6-8c29-4ae5-b89f-9aefe85bfb72?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Fix Para Pay Facebook&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/8d616747-d019-48a7-8aa3-18120095ac17?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Fix Para Pay Instagram&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/94595e29-c1c5-4383-9388-2d7a12b24351?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Take the FIX PARA PAY survey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/7891c904-3ad7-4ed3-a151-082517d06dcd?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Sign the FIX PARA PAY petition &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/0d72f9d9-f0c7-4acb-a963-adf798fdc433?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Make a donation &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;http://rsvp.fixparapay.org&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;RSVP: Bronx In-Person Meetup&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding-left: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/2b25d135-baf3-41d6-b4f9-9ffbe05c6db8?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;RSVP: Bronx In-Person Meetup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;http://fixparapay.org&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Fix Para Pay&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding-left: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/073d22ec-ac9b-4c9e-81a9-af63dac3a3b7?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Fix Para Pay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oDVwM9oj2FZS0wf4JdUDzWDTt6wEsY5L/view?pli=1&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Fix Para Pay Flyer&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding-left: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/58c16378-9e84-4369-9697-6820eef42ce5?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Fix Para Pay Flyer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;header-with-anchor-widget&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #363737; font-family: &amp;quot;SF Pro Display&amp;quot;, -apple-system-headline, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.375em; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0px 0.625em; position: relative;&quot;&gt;Retiree Advocate Slate for UFT Retired Teachers Chapter (RTC) Election&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What’s at stake:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #DD2160; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preserving
 our premium-free, quality healthcare benefits.  Stopping the inferior, 
predatory, and privatized MulgrewCare / Aetna Medicare Advantage plan 
from being forced on UFT and city retirees by the City and Mulgrew.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px;&quot;&gt;Learn more &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/0347bae2-b65e-42e7-94a6-3632b572d142?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;about Retiree Advocate here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;🗳️  Election Window:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ballots will be mailed out around May 10th.&lt;/strong&gt;  Mark an “X” in the Retiree Advocate box on page 1 only.  Return your sealed mail-in ballot, ASAP, to the address provided.  &lt;strong&gt;All ballots must be mailed back by Thursday,June 13th.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;If you do not receive a ballot by May 15th, &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/0347bae2-b65e-42e7-94a6-3632b572d142?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;contact Retiree Advocate via their website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;⬇️  &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/3847cd20-b938-42e9-9231-e12eb59fdf5c?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Download, print, &amp;amp; share the RETIREE ADVOCATE flyer.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;🌐  &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Follow and share these links with everyone:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Website:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/0347bae2-b65e-42e7-94a6-3632b572d142?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;retireeadvocate.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/203359c8-c08e-46b0-94a8-8588bb17ce5f?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Retiree Advocate Facebook&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/7ea4a8c6-f2ab-4a42-b266-54b10f102ee5?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Retiree Advocate Instagram&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/bd923db5-e1cc-474f-8dda-e7ea7b06d019?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Retiree Advocate X/Twitter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/f6686033-8fd9-40ee-a501-73bc9c33abdb?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Sign the UFT Healthcare Referendum Petition&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin: 8px 0 0 32px; mso-special-format: bullet;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/37e63766-ae7f-4336-a280-2e606595ffde?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #dd2160; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;Make a donation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;http://retireeadvocate.org&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Retiree Advocate&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/0347bae2-b65e-42e7-94a6-3632b572d142?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Retiree Advocate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;button-wrapper&quot; data-attrs=&quot;{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/168DviwQ1N3w-es_zsHPD9h8rC4RsSMkb/view?usp=sharing&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Retiree Advocate Flyer&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;action&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;class&amp;quot;:null}&quot; data-component-name=&quot;ButtonCreateButton&quot; style=&quot;color: #363737; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;button primary&quot; href=&quot;https://substack.com/redirect/47825b71-ef36-4656-b226-c7c082e1afe4?j=eyJ1IjoiaGFwNmIifQ.KxcPsncetomEjYGYPC9t7nRbuADss0trUuIO6tM4LLw&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dd2160; border-radius: 8px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; height: auto; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 12px 20px; text-decoration-line: none !important; text-wrap: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Retiree Advocate Flyer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 26px;&quot;&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: #e6e6e6; border: none; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0; padding: 0;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://iceuftblog.blogspot.com/2024/04/call-to-action-our-get-out-vote.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Jeff Kaufman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>