Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Most-Cited Full-Text Articles https://www.pnas.org/loi/pnas?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Table of Contents Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/cms/asset/433b8ee2-291a-4032-a821-9a689e8fcaa8/default_cover.png https://www.pnas.org/loi/pnas?af=R In This Issue https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/iti1426123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> In This Issue doi:10.1073/iti1426123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/iti1426123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/iti1426123?af=R What is quantum biology? https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531134123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>Quantum biology is the field at the intersection of quantum-related physics and the biology of living systems. The goal of the field is to determine if quantum phenomena underpin biological function at the macroscale. Such results, supported by compelling ... What is quantum biology? doi:10.1073/pnas.2531134123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-20T07:00:00Z Gregory D. ScholesGraham R. FlemingaDepartment of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bDepartment of Chemistry and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720cMolecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531134123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531134123?af=R Lone black holes promise fresh insights into the fates of massive stars https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608698123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Lone black holes promise fresh insights into the fates of massive stars doi:10.1073/pnas.2608698123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Ken Croswell Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608698123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608698123?af=R Training thermodynamic computers by gradient descent https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528413123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceAs modern computing becomes limited by energy consumption, there is growing interest in physical computing paradigms that can operate closer to fundamental thermodynamic limits. Thermodynamic computing is an emerging field in which computation ... Training thermodynamic computers by gradient descent doi:10.1073/pnas.2528413123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-03T07:00:00Z Stephen WhitelamaMolecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528413123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528413123?af=R The audience shapes the information content of the honey bee waggle dance https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518687123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceWe show that the honey bee waggle dance changes depending on how many followers a dancer has and how many appropriately aged bees are available to follow it. When followers were scarce, dancers became less precise, even if the dance floor was ... The audience shapes the information content of the honey bee waggle dance doi:10.1073/pnas.2518687123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-23T07:00:00Z Tao LinShihao DongGaoying GuFu ZhangXiuchuan YeTianyi WangZiqi WangJianjun LiJames C. NiehLars ChittkaKen TanaLaboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, ChinabUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinacSchool of Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093dBiological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2518687123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518687123?af=R Recent extremes in Antarctic sea ice extent modulated by ocean heat ventilation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530832123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceAntarctic sea ice is an integral component of the climate system, regulating heat and CO2exchange between the surface and deep ocean. Contrary to the gradual ice loss predicted by climate models, we have observed ice expansion until 2015, ... Recent extremes in Antarctic sea ice extent modulated by ocean heat ventilation doi:10.1073/pnas.2530832123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-23T07:00:00Z Earle A. WilsonLexi ArlenEthan C. CampbellaDepartment of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4216bPolar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6698 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530832123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530832123?af=R Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy reveals complex organic–mineral assemblages in asteroid Bennu https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601891123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceSamples returned from asteroid Bennu provide a rare opportunity to study the earliest solar system materials in pristine condition. Using nanoscale infrared and Raman spectroscopy, we reveal that Bennu’s organic matter and carbonates are not ... Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy reveals complex organic–mineral assemblages in asteroid Bennu doi:10.1073/pnas.2601891123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Mehmet YesiltasAndrew DopilkaRobert KosteckiTimothy D. GlotchPaul NorthrupaDepartment of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794bEnergy Technologies and Systems Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601891123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601891123?af=R Dermcidin has antiviral activity and protects against influenza https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2424461123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study identifies dermcidin, an antimicrobial peptide previously found in sweat, as a key factor in innate resistance to influenza symptoms. We demonstrate that dermcidin possesses antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo and establish ... Dermcidin has antiviral activity and protects against influenza doi:10.1073/pnas.2424461123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Paula Corell-EscuinSonia Belmonte-BallesterAnmol AdhavAlberto MarinaLaura Gadea-SalomLuis Martinez-GilElnaz AledavoodAna María Fernández-EscamillaAna Gómez SáezNadine GougeardKieran DeePablo R. MurciaEliza Adriana MagosCarmen LlenaCristina Peris-MartínezGiuseppe D’AuriaAlejandro ArtachoBeatriz Mengual-ChuliáF. Xavier López-LabradorAlex MiraMaría Desamparados FerreraGenomics and Health Unit, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana - Salut Pública, Valencia 46020, SpainbMacromolecular Crystallography Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia 46010, SpaincDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, SpaindGroup of Translational Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid 28040, SpaineAntiviral Strategies Unit, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología, Elche, Alicante 03202, SpainfDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The NetherlandsgMedical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United KingdomhDepartment of Health of Castellón, Castellón Provincial Hospital Consortium, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón 12002, SpainiDepartment of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, SpainjUnit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, Fundación de Oftalmología Medica, Valencia 46015, SpainkDepartment of Surgery (Ophthalmology), Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, SpainlSequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana - Salut Pública, València 46020, SpainmBiomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, SpainnDepartment of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia Medical School, Valencia 46010, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2424461123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2424461123?af=R The low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR mediates cellular entry of nonenveloped hepatitis A virus https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534261123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceSubstantial controversy has surrounded the entry of nonenveloped hepatitis A virus (nHAV) into cells. Early studies suggested the phosphatidylserine receptor TIM1 was an essential receptor, but more recent studies show TIM1 is not required for ... The low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR mediates cellular entry of nonenveloped hepatitis A virus doi:10.1073/pnas.2534261123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-27T07:00:00Z Tomoyuki ShiotaYuguang ZhaoItoe ShiotaHelen M. E. DuyvesteynManami YamaokaAnshuman DasMaryna KapustinaPranav ShahMasamichi MuramatsuXiangxi WangElizabeth E. FryDavid I. StuartStanley M. LemonaLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599bDepartment of Infectious Disease Research, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe T650-0047, Hyogo, JapancDivision of Structural Biology, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United KingdomdDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599eState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinafChinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United KingdomgDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599hDepartment of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534261123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534261123?af=R Species range shifts often speed ahead of their modeled climatic niches https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2515903123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificancePredicting how and where species will move as climate changes is crucial for protecting biodiversity. Scientists often use niche models based on where species lived historically to forecast shifts in their distributions, but it remains unclear ... Species range shifts often speed ahead of their modeled climatic niches doi:10.1073/pnas.2515903123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Brunno F. OliveiraRomain BertrandMalin L. PinskyNicolas CasajusBarrett W. WolfeBrett R. ScheffersFabricio VillalobosGaël GrenouilletGretta T. PeclI-Ching ChenJ. Alex BaecherJake A. LawlorJennifer SundayJérôme MurienneJonathan RollandLaura M. ThompsonLesley T. LancasterMadeleine A. RubensteinNikki A. MooreR. M. W. J. BandaraSarah E. DiamondSarah R. WeiskopfJonathan LenoirLise ComteaCentre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Montpellier 34000, FrancebDepartamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, BrazilcCentre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (UMR5300), CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31077, FrancedDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060eCentre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, AustraliafInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, AustraliagDepartment of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611hRed de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xelapa 91073, MexicoiDepartment of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, TaiwanjDepartment of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, CanadakNational Climate Adaptation Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192lSchool of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996mSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United KingdomnGraduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551oDepartment of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106pUMR CNRS 7058, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80000, FranceqConservation Science Partners, Inc., Truckee, CA 96161 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2515903123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2515903123?af=R Co-opting the bacterial lipoprotein pathway for the biosynthesis of lipidated macrocyclic peptides https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532672123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceRibosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a superfamily of natural products that display antibiotic, antifungal, anticancer, and metal-binding activities. Their biosynthesis typically follows a common logic ... Co-opting the bacterial lipoprotein pathway for the biosynthesis of lipidated macrocyclic peptides doi:10.1073/pnas.2532672123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Jeff Y. ChenLingyang ZhuKevin Y. ZhangDeborah A. BertholdWilfred A. van der DonkaDepartment of Chemistry and HHMI, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801bCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801cSchool of Chemical Sciences, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532672123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532672123?af=R Cellular antibody affinity–based CRISPR screening identifies JUNB as a broadly acting antiviral factor https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534154123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceCRISPR screens enable the identification of genes that contribute to specific phenotypes. Traditional virus-focused CRISPR screens rely on cell survival following infection as a selection. This approach can introduce bias by favoring guides ... Cellular antibody affinity–based CRISPR screening identifies JUNB as a broadly acting antiviral factor doi:10.1073/pnas.2534154123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Nicole C. WaildJessica H. CieslaXenia L. SchaferJoshua MungeraDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534154123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534154123?af=R Regulation of STK38 by autophagy governs YAP1 activity during paligenosis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517488123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceDuring tissue repair, mature, specialized cells can revert to a stem cell–like state via cellular programs like paligenosis. We show, in stomach chief cells, that the protein YAP1 is activated in paligenosis and that Serine/Threonine Kinase 38 ... Regulation of STK38 by autophagy governs YAP1 activity during paligenosis doi:10.1073/pnas.2517488123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Yongji ZengYang-Zhe HuangQing Kay LiRaymond HoSteven J. BarkSpencer G. WilletRichard J. DiPaoloJason C. MillsaSection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030bDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287cSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030dDepartment of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110eDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104fDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030gDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2517488123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517488123?af=R Biomechanical anticoagulation by spherical platelets in extracorporeal systems https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535113123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceExtracorporeal life support currently relies on systemic anticoagulant drugs to keep circuits patent, but these drugs inevitably increase bleeding risk. The need to prevent thrombosis without increasing bleeding risk remains a major challenge. ... Biomechanical anticoagulation by spherical platelets in extracorporeal systems doi:10.1073/pnas.2535113123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Rui JiYongjian LiJiang LiHaosheng ChenaState Key Lab of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinabDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535113123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535113123?af=R Versatile SMAD2 and SMAD3 epitope–tagged mouse models for genomic profiling of TGFβ signaling: Uncovering GDF9–SMAD2/3 targets https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600071123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceOur study reports the generation and characterization of two mouse models in which endogenous SMAD2 and SMAD3 are epitope-tagged, enabling high-resolution, genome-wide mapping of SMAD2/3 complexes under physiological conditions. These models ... Versatile SMAD2 and SMAD3 epitope–tagged mouse models for genomic profiling of TGFβ signaling: Uncovering GDF9–SMAD2/3 targets doi:10.1073/pnas.2600071123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Zian LiaoQian ZhangKeisuke ShimadaKaori NozawaSuni TangMasahito IkawaDiana MonsivaisMartin M. MatzukaDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030bDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030cGraduate Program of Genetics and Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030dCenter for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030eResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600071123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600071123?af=R Cytotoxic T cell recognition of α-synuclein drives pathogenic immune responses in multiple system atrophy https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537271123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive synucleinopathy, yet the mechanisms linking α-synuclein pathology to neurodegeneration and the role of adaptive immunity in this process remain poorly understood. We used single-cell ... Cytotoxic T cell recognition of α-synuclein drives pathogenic immune responses in multiple system atrophy doi:10.1073/pnas.2537271123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Jae-Seung MoonSalvinaz I. MoutusyMengrui ZhangAlain NdayisabaDiego RodriguezDaniel N. El KodsiAnastasia KuzkinaShady YounisShaghayegh JahanbaniLaura S. van DamYa’el CourtneyAdi NetanelOrr SharpeMitchell G. MiglisLawrence SteinmanVikram KhuranaFereshteh JahanbaniWilliam H. RobinsonaDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bVA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304cQuantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305dDivision of Movement Disorders Harvard Biomarkers Study 2.0 (HBS 2.0) and MyTrial Programs, American Parkinson Disease Association, Center for Advanced Research and MSA Center of Excellence, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s and Massachusetts General Hospitals (Mass General Brigham), Boston, MA 02115eDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115fDepartment of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsgDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305hHarvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138iBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537271123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537271123?af=R Divergence of ontogenetic dietary shifts in adaptive radiation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2513353123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding ecological speciation has traditionally focused on the diet of adult individuals, overlooking the fact that most species undergo substantial dietary changes throughout development, known as ontogenetic dietary shifts. Recent ... Divergence of ontogenetic dietary shifts in adaptive radiation doi:10.1073/pnas.2513353123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Grégoire SaboretCoralie MoccettiSoraya Lamochi RoozalipourCarsten J. SchubertJakob BrodersenaDepartment of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum 6047, SwitzerlandbInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, SwitzerlandcDepartment of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum 6047, SwitzerlanddDepartment of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2513353123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2513353123?af=R Temporal neuronal differentiation programs safeguard neuronal diversity https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527895123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceTemporal patterning of neural progenitors represents a powerful strategy generating neuronal diversity. While differentiation programs actively lock-in postmitotic neuronal fate, whether they are operated in a universal or customized manner in ... Temporal neuronal differentiation programs safeguard neuronal diversity doi:10.1073/pnas.2527895123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Dan ShenJingyi ChuXiaolin ZhouZejun LanRulan ZhangShuyu WangHaoxuan TangYunrui WangChenlei HuZhiyuan LiYan SongaState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinabPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinacCenter of Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2527895123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527895123?af=R Mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle underlies exercise-induced reversal of age-associated functional decline in mice and humans https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508286123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMaintaining functional capacity is a cornerstone of geriatric medicine and a central goal of aging research. Although human lifespan has increased, frailty and disability remain highly prevalent in older adults. Exercise benefits both cellular ... Mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle underlies exercise-induced reversal of age-associated functional decline in mice and humans doi:10.1073/pnas.2508286123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Esther García-DomínguezCristina García-DomínguezJosé Luis Cabrera-AlarcónMaría del Mar Muñoz-HernándezPablo Hernansanz-AgustínAndrea CurtabbiJulio Domenech-FernandezEnrique CalvoJesús VázquezAntonio L. SerranoPura Muñoz-CánovesGloria Olaso-GonzálezJosé Antonio EnríquezMaría Carmen Gómez-CabreraaFreshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/Incliva Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia 46010, SpainbCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, SpaincDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Royo Villanova, Zaragoza 50015, SpaindCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 28029, SpaineCentro de Neurociencias Cajal, Alcalá de Henares 28805, SpainfServicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova y Hospital de Liria and Health Care Department Arnau-Lliria, Valencia 46015, SpaingDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, SpainhCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, SpainiAltos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2508286123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508286123?af=R Projected changes in tropical instability wave activity in the Pacific Ocean under greenhouse warming https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530859123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceTropical Instability Waves (TIWs) are a major source of oceanic variability in the tropical Pacific, regulating heat and momentum exchanges that influence global climate patterns. However, because most climate models’ grid spacing is too ... Projected changes in tropical instability wave activity in the Pacific Ocean under greenhouse warming doi:10.1073/pnas.2530859123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Aoyun XueSamantha StevensonJulien BoucharelFei-Fei JinWenjun ZhangMinyang WangaBren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822cLaboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31400, FrancedState Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaeState Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530859123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530859123?af=R How spatial patterns can lead to less resilient ecosystems https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2511994123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMany models suggest that spatial dynamics, such as vegetation pattern formation, enhance ecosystem resilience. Yet, these predictions have limited empirical validation and rely on assumptions that miss many of the complexities of real ... How spatial patterns can lead to less resilient ecosystems doi:10.1073/pnas.2511994123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z David Pinto-RamosRicardo Martinez-GarciaaCenter for Advanced Systems Understanding, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf, Görlitz 02826, GermanybInternational Center for Theoretical Physics - South American Institute for Fundamental Research & Instituto de Fisica Teorica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo 01140-070, BrazilcDepartment of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2511994123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2511994123?af=R Molecular kinetics dictate population dynamics in CRISPR-based plasmid defense https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525424123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceConjugative, or self-transmissible, plasmids are prolific vectors of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, yet are frequently targeted for degradation by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas adaptive immune ... Molecular kinetics dictate population dynamics in CRISPR-based plasmid defense doi:10.1073/pnas.2525424123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Luke RichardsDanna LeeJakub WiktorAxel TruedsonJohanna CederbladDaniel JonesaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525424123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525424123?af=R National identity reconfigures brain responses from “them” to “us” https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531563123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceModern societies require individuals to navigate multiple, sometimes competing social identities. We demonstrate how the human brain flexibly recategorizes ethnic out-group members when a shared national identity is salient. In Singapore’s ... National identity reconfigures brain responses from “them” to “us” doi:10.1073/pnas.2531563123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Kelly H. L. SngNisha Syed NasserGianluca EspositoSH Annabel ChenaNeuroscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, SingaporebPsychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, SingaporecSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, SingaporedDepartment of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, ItalyeCentre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, SingaporefLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporegOffice of Educational Research, National Institute of Education, Singapore 637616, Singapore Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531563123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531563123?af=R Fatty acid regulation of feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals the potential ancestral origin of a GLP-1-like multiagonist signaling system https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530979123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study presents a paradigm for understanding appetite regulation in response to metabolic cues usingCaenorhabditis elegans. In this organism, the ratio of dietary monounsaturated versus saturated fatty acids (MUFAs/SFAs) is sensed at the ... Fatty acid regulation of feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals the potential ancestral origin of a GLP-1-like multiagonist signaling system doi:10.1073/pnas.2530979123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Feimei ZhuJorge Iván Castillo-QuanTakafumi OgawaZiyun WuLang DingMansi SuraYoshiyuki WatanabeHannah LentschatL. Paulette Fernández-CárdenasUgur DagAnnette Beck-SickingerMeng C. WangC. Ronald KahnT. Keith BlackwellaResearch Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215bDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215cUnit of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life and Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, JapandDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200240eHHMI, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 19700fGraduate Program in Chemical, Physical and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030gDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215hInstitute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, GermanyiPicower Institute for Learning and Memory and HHMI, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530979123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530979123?af=R Model evidence for distinct origins of glacial–interglacial and millennial signals in Greenland dust https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531908123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceIce-cores provide among the clearest high-resolution records of Earth’s climate for the past thousands of years. Measurements of natural dust flux from Greenland ice-cores show very large amplitude and rapid variations that take place on a ... Model evidence for distinct origins of glacial–interglacial and millennial signals in Greenland dust doi:10.1073/pnas.2531908123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Peter O. HopcroftDenis-Didier RousseauaSchool of Geography, Earth, & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United KingdombInstitute of Physics-Centre for Science and Education, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, PolandcGeosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 05 34095, FrancedLamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531908123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531908123?af=R Retinol saturase in the mitochondria antagonizes IDH2 and GLUD1 acetylation to mediate heart repair https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526203123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificancePromoting endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation is emerging as a promising strategy for cardiac repair. Here, we reveal thatRetsatactivates cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry and promotes cardiac regeneration independently of its canonical ... Retinol saturase in the mitochondria antagonizes IDH2 and GLUD1 acetylation to mediate heart repair doi:10.1073/pnas.2526203123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Wenya MaYanan TianJianglong LiQimeng OuyangLei XuBowei ZhangHongyang ChenHanjing LiYuqing LinYu HuZhongyu RenYifu ShenXin WangXinlu GaoXiuxiu WangYining LiuYe TianYu LiuZhenwei PanBenzhi CaiaDepartment of Pharmacy at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, ChinabDepartment of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, ChinacDepartment of Laboratory Medicine at The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, ChinadDepartment of Pathophysiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, ChinaeInstitute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, ChinafNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2526203123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526203123?af=R Descent from a common ancestor restricts exploration of protein sequence space https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532018123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceAre natural protein sequences representative of all possible sequences that are functional? The sequence space is immense but proteins have been evolving for billions of years, so much of the possible functional space may have already been ... Descent from a common ancestor restricts exploration of protein sequence space doi:10.1073/pnas.2532018123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Lada H. IsakovaElizaveta StreltsovaOlga O. BochkarevaPeter K. VlasovFyodor A. KondrashovaEvolutionary and Synthetic Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, JapanbInstitute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg 3400, AustriacCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Computational System Biology, University of Vienna, Wien 1030, AustriadCentro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532018123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532018123?af=R Moiré excitons in generalized Wigner crystals https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531259123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhen electrons in moiré superlattices form generalized Wigner crystals, excitons emerged from these correlated ground states exhibit unusual strongly interacting behaviors. By enabling large-scale first-principlesGW–Bethe–Salpeter equation ... Moiré excitons in generalized Wigner crystals doi:10.1073/pnas.2531259123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Jing-Yang YouChih-En HsuZien ZhuBenran ZhangZiliang YeMit H. NaikTing CaoHung-Chung HsuehSteven G. LouieMauro Del BenZhenglu LiaMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089bDepartment of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, TaiwancThomas Lord Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089dDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaeQuantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadafDepartment of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712gDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195hDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720iMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720jApplied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531259123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531259123?af=R Neural circuits for decision-making based on pineal photoreception in zebrafish https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520290123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceAlthough pineal light information has long been assumed to be transmitted to the brain, functional evidence has been lacking. To identify the brain region responsible for processing pineal-derived light signals, we exploited the distinct ... Neural circuits for decision-making based on pineal photoreception in zebrafish doi:10.1073/pnas.2520290123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Seiji WadaYuki YamamotoTomoka SaitoMasahiko HibiMitsumasa KoyanagiAkihisa TerakitaaDepartment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, JapanbThe Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, JapancDepartment of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520290123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520290123?af=R Jamming as a topological satisfiability transition with contact number hyperuniformity and criticality https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517241123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn liquids and gases, particles are distributed uniformly in space due to the absence of structural order. In contrast, particles in crystals are arranged in a “hyperuniform” manner, exhibiting long-range order with suppressed large-scale ... Jamming as a topological satisfiability transition with contact number hyperuniformity and criticality doi:10.1073/pnas.2517241123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Jin ShangYinqiao WangDeng PanYuliang JinJie ZhangaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinabSchool of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinacInstitute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinadSchool of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaeWenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, ChinafInstitute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2517241123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517241123?af=R Single-molecule dissection of CFTR folding defects and pharmacological rescue https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528216123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMisfolding of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) underlies cystic fibrosis, and its complex, multidomain architecture makes it an ideal model for understanding how membrane proteins fold and how small molecules can ... Single-molecule dissection of CFTR folding defects and pharmacological rescue doi:10.1073/pnas.2528216123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Sang Ah KimJesper LevringJue ChenTae-Young YoonaSchool of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South KoreabLaboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065cHHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528216123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528216123?af=R ASB9 promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TNP2 to facilitate histone-to-protamine transition in humans and mice https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522270123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceSpermiogenesis requires extensive nuclear remodeling, involving the sequential replacement of histones by transition proteins (TNPs) and protamines to ensure proper sperm maturation. Although the removal of histones and TNPs is critical, the ... ASB9 promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TNP2 to facilitate histone-to-protamine transition in humans and mice doi:10.1073/pnas.2522270123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Shikun ZhaoGan ShenTiechao RuanLiangchai ZhuoYan WangXiang WangYunchuan TianXinyao TangJun MaXiaohui JiangYingteng ZhangChuan JiangAnan XieXuejun ShangJing WangYihong YangYing ShenaDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinabDepartment of Reproduction Medical Centre, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinacDepartment of Imaging Genomics and Precision Medicine, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu 641400, ChinadCollege of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616eDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, ChinafDepartment of Biological Rhythms, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522270123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522270123?af=R Metabolic trajectories in developing human neocortical neurons https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509980123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMetabolic adjustments during corticogenesis are pivotal but remain to be fully elucidated in the human brain. This study hinges upon the utilization of bona fide neuroepithelial stem cells originated from a developing human neocortex followed ... Metabolic trajectories in developing human neocortical neurons doi:10.1073/pnas.2509980123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Gianmarco FerriFrancesco FinamoreFrancesco GrecoAlessio ZanelliFabrizia CarliAlessandro PasseraElisa Degl’InnocentiFrancesco OlimpicoRiccardo DucoliAgnese SgalippaGian Carlo DemontisAmalia GastaldelliFrancesco CardarelliMarco OnoratiLiam A. McDonnellMaria Teresa Dell’AnnoaFondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy 56017, ItalybFondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa 56124, ItalycDepartment of Biology Unit of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, ItalydInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, ItalyeDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, ItalyfDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, ItalygNational Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2509980123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509980123?af=R Non-ergodicity in ecology and evolution https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522964123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe effects of stochasticity can be averaged in two ways: over a population of individuals and over time along individual trajectories. If the encountered states and collected payoffs along any given trajectory eventually match the expected ... Non-ergodicity in ecology and evolution doi:10.1073/pnas.2522964123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Teemu KuosmanenAlexandre MinettoVille MustonenaDepartment of Computer Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522964123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522964123?af=R Convergence of external and internal stressors on a stress-responsive enhancer of the Sonic hedgehog gene to induce hair disorders https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529339123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceIt is conceivable that stress impacts our health through perturbation of the intrinsic regulatory molecular pathways. Here, we used the fast-growing hair follicles as a model, and showed that various stressors suppress the expression ofSonic ... Convergence of external and internal stressors on a stress-responsive enhancer of the Sonic hedgehog gene to induce hair disorders doi:10.1073/pnas.2529339123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z ZiYu ChenXiaoQi ChenKaiBin YangHouDong ZhouYaFei ZhangZhen HuangYanDing ZhangRalf PausZhiCao YueaInternational Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinabInnovation and Transformation Center, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, ChinacFujian Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, ChinadDr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125eCUTANEON—Skin and Hair Innovations GmbH, Hamburg 22335, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529339123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529339123?af=R WFDC21P is essential for G3BP1-mediated RIG-I activation and antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532576123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceDeciphering the mechanisms underlying antitumor immunity is critical for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In cancer cells, there are aberrantly accumulated double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that can be recognized by RNA sensor ... WFDC21P is essential for G3BP1-mediated RIG-I activation and antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer doi:10.1073/pnas.2532576123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Zean LiYi WangZhengjie ChenRenzhong LiuZheng-Hao LaiNa-Na LiYiming ZhaoYue WangMan-Li LuoaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinabMedical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinacDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinadBreast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaeDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinafZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532576123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532576123?af=R Graph statistics theory of individualized quantitative genetics under haplotype-resolved genome assembly https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600004123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceQuantitative genetics has developed to a point at which its classical theory should be upgraded to cope with the surge of sequencing data. We propose a graph statistical theory that defines genetic parameters–dominance, epistasis, and ... Graph statistics theory of individualized quantitative genetics under haplotype-resolved genome assembly doi:10.1073/pnas.2600004123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Lidan SunYangyang BianDengcheng YangRuntian MiaoYihan MengJincan CheZiwei LiZimo LiHaoning WangShuang WuJuan MengYu WangChristopher GriffinShing-Tung YauRongling WuaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinabBeijing Key Laboratory of Topological Statistics and Applications for Complex Systems, Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Beijing 101408, ChinacCenter for Computational Biology, School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinadApplied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802eYau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600004123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600004123?af=R Spirocyclic β-lactone secondary metabolites modulate spliceosome function https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518221123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study is motivated by a previously understudied natural pharmacophore, the spirocyclic β-lactone (SβL). This structurally distinct, potentially electrophilic pharmacophore is found in the oxazolomycin family of natural products known to ... Spirocyclic β-lactone secondary metabolites modulate spliceosome function doi:10.1073/pnas.2518221123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Kathryn E. PentonSydney A. BatesHannah L. ThirmanCrissey D. CameronChristopher JurichMadeline J. Grider-HayesMing JiangMichael R. SavonaZhongyue J. YangLars PlateJonathan M. IrishBrian O. BachmannaDepartment of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232bVanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232cDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232dChemical & Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232eDepartment of Pediatrics-Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045fDepartment of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232gProgram in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232hCenter for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235iVanderbilt University Data Science Institute, Nashville, TN 37235jDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2518221123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518221123?af=R Background selection in recombining genomes and its consequences for the maintenance of variation in complex traits https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2513613123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceNatural selection against deleterious mutations reshapes genetic variation through background selection, a process typically modeled as a local reduction in effective population size. We show that the consequences of this reduction for genetic ... Background selection in recombining genomes and its consequences for the maintenance of variation in complex traits doi:10.1073/pnas.2513613123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Xinyi LiJeremy J. BergaCommittee on Genetics, Genomics, Systems and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2513613123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2513613123?af=R Chronic infection perturbs the affinity hierarchy of antiviral B cells https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532422123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceChronic viral infections pose a major challenge to global health, yet how viral persistence undermines antibody-mediated immunity is insufficiently understood. Here, we report that under continuous exposure to abundant viral antigen, high-... Chronic infection perturbs the affinity hierarchy of antiviral B cells doi:10.1073/pnas.2532422123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Mirela DimitrovaTiago Abreu-MotaJonas FixemerWeldy V. BonillaAnna-Friederike MarxMin LuKaren TintignacAnna Lena KastnerYusuf I. ErtunaMarianna FlorovaMatias CiancagliniKerstin NarrKarsten StaufferJulien RouxPhilippe DemouginIngrid WagnerDoron MerklerDaniel D. PinscheweraDepartment of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel 4009, SwitzerlandbDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 13353, GermanycMax-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10115, GermanydDepartment of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, SwitzerlandeGenomics Facility Basel, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel 4056, SwitzerlandfDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, SwitzerlandgDivision of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1206, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532422123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532422123?af=R ClpP2 modulates ClpXP assembly to promote multiple pathogenic phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532651123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceOpportunistic infections caused byPseudomonas aeruginosa(Pa) pose serious risks to immunocompromised patients and complicate care across modern medicine—from cancer treatment to surgery and intensive care. We found that a clinically relevant,... ClpP2 modulates ClpXP assembly to promote multiple pathogenic phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa doi:10.1073/pnas.2532651123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Jia Jia ZhangGina D. MawlaReed RobinsonArielle J. WeinsteinTania A. BakeraDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532651123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532651123?af=R Clade C MERS-CoV camel strains vary in protease utilization during viral entry https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525313123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceClade A/B Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks have caused over 957 deaths since the first spillover in 2012; meanwhile, Clade C strains have been found in camels across Africa but have not yet been reported to ... Clade C MERS-CoV camel strains vary in protease utilization during viral entry doi:10.1073/pnas.2525313123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Helena WinstoneHelen StillwellLi Hui TanNoam A. CohenRanawaka A. P. M. PereraSusan R. WeissaDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bPenn Center for Research on Emerging Viruses, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dDepartment of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525313123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525313123?af=R Detecting gene–environment interactions to guide personalized intervention: Boosting distributional regression for polygenic scores https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529164123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificancePolygenic risk scores (PRSs) aggregate genetic information to estimate individual predisposition to a trait. While most PRSs model the phenotypic mean, patterns of variability can also be informative because they may indicate different genetic ... Detecting gene–environment interactions to guide personalized intervention: Boosting distributional regression for polygenic scores doi:10.1073/pnas.2529164123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Qiong WuHannah KlinkhammerKiran KunwarChristian StaerkCarlo MajAndreas MayraInstitute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Marburg University, 35043 Marburg, GermanybInstitute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, GermanycCenter for Human Genetics, Marburg University, 35033 Marburg, GermanydBiostatistical Methods for Environmental Medicine, Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyeDepartment of Statistics, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529164123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529164123?af=R Free information disrupts even Bayesian crowds https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518472123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceA foundational assumption in the design of digital communication platforms is that information sharing is always beneficial. Using an agent-based model of truth-seeking and cooperative agents with perfect information- processing abilities, we ... Free information disrupts even Bayesian crowds doi:10.1073/pnas.2518472123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Jonas SteinShannon CruzDavide GrossiMartina TestoriaDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The NetherlandsbDepartment of Communication Arts and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802cBernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AK, The NetherlandsdAmsterdam Center for Law & Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 ND, The NetherlandseInstitute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The NetherlandsfBusiness, Operations and Strategy, Greenwich Business School, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2518472123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518472123?af=R Mining cancer genomes for copy number alterations identifies glycosylation enzymes as oncogenic drivers https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521848123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn this study, we reveal that cancer can be driven by genomic amplification of glycogenes, expanding the repertoire of druggable oncogenes. Using our pipeline, we identifiedB4GALT5, encoding a key enzyme of the glycosphingolipid (GSL) pathway,... Mining cancer genomes for copy number alterations identifies glycosylation enzymes as oncogenic drivers doi:10.1073/pnas.2521848123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Pranoy SahuFrancesco RussoDomenico RussoIlenia AgliaruloPasqualina AmbrosioRiccardo RizzoMatteo Lo MonteNicola NormannoSilvia SodduFrancesca CarlomagnoAlberto LuiniSeetharaman ParashuramanaInstitute of Endotypes in Oncology, Metabolism and Immunology “G. Salvatore,” National Research Council of Italy, Naples 80131, ItalybInstitute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy, Leece 73100, ItalycCell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico–“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Napoli 80131, ItalydUnit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome I-00144, ItalyeDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples 80131, Italy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2521848123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521848123?af=R Microheterogeneous singlet oxygen generation at air–water interfaces https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534956123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceSinglet oxygen (1O2) drives key photochemical reactions in the atmosphere and natural waters, yet its spatial distribution in multiphase systems remains unexplored. Here, we reveal strong microscale enrichment of1O2at the air–water interface,... Microheterogeneous singlet oxygen generation at air–water interfaces doi:10.1073/pnas.2534956123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Shaoping MiYe-Guang FangXiaochen LiuXiaoshan ZhengHongbo MingXiaojiao LiBaoliang ChenChongqin ZhuKristopher McNeillChiheng ChuaState Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinabCollege of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinacInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534956123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534956123?af=R Hierarchical genotype networks and incipient ecological speciation in Q[math] phage quasispecies https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2512150123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceViral populations exhibit some of the highest levels of genetic diversity known, forming dynamic clouds of related genomes that continuously mutate and compete. Using deep sequencing of the RNA bacteriophage Qβ, we reconstruct the largest viral ... Hierarchical genotype networks and incipient ecological speciation in Q[math] phage quasispecies doi:10.1073/pnas.2512150123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Luís F. SeoaneHenry Secaira-MorochoPilar SomovillaEster LázaroSusanna ManrubiaaCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid 28049, SpainbGrupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Madrid 28911, SpaincCenter for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287dMolecular Evolution Department, Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2512150123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2512150123?af=R On the potential for strategic behavior in jurisdictional REDD+ https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531612123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceLow-quality, nonadditional project-based carbon credits have undermined confidence in the voluntary carbon market and risk increasing atmospheric CO2concentrations. As a result, the voluntary carbon market has shifted toward jurisdictional ... On the potential for strategic behavior in jurisdictional REDD+ doi:10.1073/pnas.2531612123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Alberto GarciaLuke SanfordaDepartment of Economics and School of Environment, Society & Sustainability, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112bSchool of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531612123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531612123?af=R Dynamic switching of cell–substrate contact sites allows gliding diatoms to modulate the curvature of their paths https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2506122123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceDiatoms are photosynthetic microalgae and major primary producers across diverse aquatic habitats. Many diatom species navigate their complex environments using gliding motility, facilitated by slit-like openings (raphes) in their rigid silica ... Dynamic switching of cell–substrate contact sites allows gliding diatoms to modulate the curvature of their paths doi:10.1073/pnas.2506122123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Stefan GolfierVeikko F. GeyerLeon LettermannUlrich S. SchwarzNicole PoulsenStefan DiezaB CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01307, GermanybCluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, GermanycInstitute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, GermanydBioquant-Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyeMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2506122123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2506122123?af=R Prokaryotic bias in surface ocean particles https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2500624123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceEukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton are the ultimate sources of most organic matter in the ocean, yet there is uncertainty in their relative contributions to surface ocean carbon stocks and their export to depth. Here, the nitrogen ... Prokaryotic bias in surface ocean particles doi:10.1073/pnas.2500624123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Yeongjun RyuAshley E. MaloneyVictoria H. LuuLingkun GuoSergey OleynikSarah E. FawcettMeytal B. HigginsNicolas Van OostendeBess B. WardClaire C. Z. CookNatalie R. CohenErica EwtonSusanne Menden-DeuerJulie GrangerAdrian MarchettiHedy M. AardemaHans A. SlagterRalf SchiebelAlfredo Martínez-GarcíaGerald H. HaugDaniel M. SigmanaDepartment of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bClimate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, GermanycDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309dDepartment of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South AfricaeMarine and Antarctic Research Centre for Innovation and Sustainability, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South AfricafExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801gSkidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA 31411hGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882iDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340jDepartment of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514kDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Zürich 8092 ETH, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2500624123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2500624123?af=R Distinct laminar origins of sensory-evoked high-gamma and low-frequency ECoG signals revealed by optogenetics https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2516293123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceElectrocorticography (ECoG) is a widely used measure of cortical activity in humans and animals, providing a unique methodological bridge from basic neuroscience discovery to understanding the human brain in health and disease. However, the ... Distinct laminar origins of sensory-evoked high-gamma and low-frequency ECoG signals revealed by optogenetics doi:10.1073/pnas.2516293123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Pierre-Marie GarderesDaniel E. FeldmanKristofer E. BouchardaDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bHelen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720cBiological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720dRedwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720eScientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2516293123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2516293123?af=R Functional role of small extrachromosomal circular DNA in colorectal cancer https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523047123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceColorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with tumor evolution and treatment resistance posing major clinical challenges. While large circular DNA molecules are known cancer drivers, the role of smaller extrachromosomal ... Functional role of small extrachromosomal circular DNA in colorectal cancer doi:10.1073/pnas.2523047123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Judith Mary HariprakashEgija ZoleWeijia FengDan HaoLasse Bøllehuus HansenNirmalya BandyopadhyayMarghoob MohiyuddinSihan WuAstrid Zedlitz JohansenJulia Sidenius JohansenBirgitte RegenbergaEcology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, DenmarkbBioinformatics Research & Early Development, Roche Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA 95050cChildren’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235dDepartment of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev 2730, DenmarkeDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev 2730, DenmarkfDepartment of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev 2730, DenmarkgDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523047123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523047123?af=R Neuron-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activates microglia via the Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1)-mediated pathway in mild traumatic brain injury https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527009123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of brain injury, but the biological signals linking early neuronal damage to brain inflammation remain poorly understood. We show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from injured ... Neuron-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activates microglia via the Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1)-mediated pathway in mild traumatic brain injury doi:10.1073/pnas.2527009123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Michela MarcattiJavier Allende LabastidaTony Zifeng TangAkbar AhmadChristina PayneNora SchwartzPaula VillarrealOlivia D. SolomonGracie VargasPing WuBartosz SzczesnyaDepartment of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555bDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555cDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555dDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2527009123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527009123?af=R Fitting coarse-grained models to macroscopic experimental data via automatic differentiation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508255123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe development of physics-based models for molecular simulation often involves complex, opaque procedures that hinder reproducibility and progress. Our work harnesses computational techniques inspired by machine learning to improve the ... Fitting coarse-grained models to macroscopic experimental data via automatic differentiation doi:10.1073/pnas.2508255123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Ryan K. KruegerMegan C. EngelRyan HausenMichael P. Brenner a Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4V8, Canada c Institute for Data Intensive Engineering and Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210 d Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2508255123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508255123?af=R Structures of folding intermediates on BAM show diverse substrates fold by a conserved mechanism https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534936123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains a wide variety of integral β-barrel proteins. Here, we study the conserved β-barrel assembly machine which is responsible for folding and inserting these membrane β-barrels. By determining ... Structures of folding intermediates on BAM show diverse substrates fold by a conserved mechanism doi:10.1073/pnas.2534936123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Benjamin D. ThomsonMelissa D. MarquezShaun RawsonThiago M. A. dos SantosStephen C. HarrisonDaniel KahneaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138bDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cHHMI, Boston, MA 02115 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534936123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534936123?af=R Cultural tightness and social cohesion under coevolving beliefs, behaviors, and preferences https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525139123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceSuccessful collective action depends on societal properties such as cultural tightness and social cohesion. How these properties evolve is not well understood because they emerge from a complex interplay between beliefs and behaviors. Here, we ... Cultural tightness and social cohesion under coevolving beliefs, behaviors, and preferences doi:10.1073/pnas.2525139123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Filippo ZimmaroJacopo GrilliMirta GalesicAlexander J. StewartaDepartment of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, ItalybDepartment of Mathematics, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, ItalycThe Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste 34014, ItalydComplexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna 1030, AustriaeCollege of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501fDepartment of Informatics, Vermont Complex Systems Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405gCenter for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525139123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525139123?af=R The biased adenosine-rich content of the HIV-1 genome serves as a molecular signature that facilitates efficient packaging https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522851123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow HIV-1 selectively packages its genome (gRNA) into virions is poorly understood. To probe this, we replaced the viral nucleocapsid (NC) protein with heterologous RNA-binding domains (RBDs) from cellular hnRNP and SR protein families. ... The biased adenosine-rich content of the HIV-1 genome serves as a molecular signature that facilitates efficient packaging doi:10.1073/pnas.2522851123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Hung R. VuongQianzi ZhouSydney L. LeskoKasyap TennetiKeanu DavisShanyqua ScottMoming GuoDaphne Boodwa-KoJenna E. EschbachKamya GopalJessica M. PorterQibo WangMing XiaAnthony BoatengYiqing WangShawn MohammedNakyung LeeAlice TelesnitskyNathan M. ShererSebla B. KutluayaDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110bMcArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705cInstitute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706dCarbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705eCell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109fDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522851123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522851123?af=R Refugee labor market integration at scale: Evidence from Germany’s fast-track employment program https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2513863123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study provides rare large-scale evidence on accelerating refugee labor-market integration. Using high-frequency administrative data and a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate Germany’s 2023 Job-Turbo — a nationwide program in a major ... Refugee labor market integration at scale: Evidence from Germany’s fast-track employment program doi:10.1073/pnas.2513863123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-03T07:00:00Z Jens HainmuellerMoritz MarbachDominik HangartnerNiklas HarderEhsan VallizadehaDepartment of Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bImmigration Policy Lab, Stanford University and ETH Zurich, Stanford, CA 94305cDepartment of Political Science, University College London, London WC1H 9QU, United KingdomdCenter for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8001, SwitzerlandeDepartment of Government, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AZ, United KingdomfIntegration Department, German Centre for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin 10117, GermanygStatistics Department of the Federal Employment Agency, Nuremberg 90482, GermanyhDepartment of Migration Studies, University of Bamberg, Bamberg 96052, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2513863123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2513863123?af=R Satisfaction with democracy predicts democratic behaviors https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517671123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceTo diagnose a democracy’s health, it is common to survey citizens about their satisfaction with democracy. Whether attitudes thus measured are good predictors of objective democratic health, however, remains an important open question. We ... Satisfaction with democracy predicts democratic behaviors doi:10.1073/pnas.2517671123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-03T07:00:00Z Andrés Santos VargasEnrique SeiraAlberto SimpseraDepartment of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708bDepartment of Economics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556cDepartment of Political Science, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), Mexico City 01080, Mexico Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2517671123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517671123?af=R R-loop disruption triggers irreversible topoisomerase 1–DNA cleavage complex formation during AID-dependent IgH gene diversification https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533648123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceClass switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation are essential for antibody diversity, dependent on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) editing by AID creates an irreversible topoisomerase 1 (... R-loop disruption triggers irreversible topoisomerase 1–DNA cleavage complex formation during AID-dependent IgH gene diversification doi:10.1073/pnas.2533648123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-03T07:00:00Z Maki KobayashiXi ChenTasuku HonjoaDepartment of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533648123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533648123?af=R High-quality surrounding landscapes mitigate avian extirpations from forest remnants https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521783123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn fragmented forest landscapes, species richness declines with decreasing forest remnant size, but the magnitude of these declines depends on the quality of the surrounding landscape and species’ habitat specialization. By examining the ... High-quality surrounding landscapes mitigate avian extirpations from forest remnants doi:10.1073/pnas.2521783123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Anderson S. BuenoChase D. MendenhallMarina AnciãesLuiz dos AnjosVíctor Arroyo-RodríguezMarco Aurélio-SilvaCristina Banks-LeiteMatthew G. BettsArthur A. BispoAndrea Larissa BoesingMarconi Campos-CerqueiraOlivier ClaessensWill CresswellGretchen C. DailyFilibus Danjuma DamiSidnei M. DantasPedro F. DeveleyPing DingDavid P. EdwardsMárcio A. EfeDeborah FariaKenneth J. FeeleyThomas W. GillespieAdam S. HadleyJack H. HatfieldLuiza Magalli Pinto HenriquesLars H. HolbechGregory J. IrvingUrs G. KormannM. Jyothi KrishnanMarilise M. KrügelJesse R. LaskyMichael J. LawesAlexander C. LeesLuc LensLahert William Lobo-AraújoLeithen K. M’GonigleMohammad Saiful MansorShiiwua A. ManuMiguel Ângelo MariniAlexandre Camargo MartensenThomas J. MatthewsJean Paul MetzgerRandall MooreJosé Carlos Morante-FilhoP. O. NameerShukor Md NorHelon Simões OliveiraRômulo RibonViviana Ruiz-GutiérrezLuís Fábio SilveiraPhilip C StoufferJohn W. TerborghAlexandre UezuYanping WangRobyn WetheredDing Li YongCarlos A. PeresaInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Júlio de Castilhos, RS 98130-000, BrazilbPhysician Assistant Studies, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057cInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, BrazildDepartamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazileInstituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, MexicofEscuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, MexicogDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, United KingdomhDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331iLaboratório de Etnobiologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, BraziljDepartamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, BrazilkSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main 60325, GermanylWildMon, Lewes, DE 19958mGroupe d’Étude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane, Rémire-Montjoly 97354, French Guiana, FrancenCentre for Biological Diversity, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TH, United KingdomoDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305pA.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, University of Jos, Jos 930001, NigeriaqInstituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA 66055-090, BrazilrSAVE Brasil, São Paulo, SP 05427-010, BrazilsCollege of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinatDepartment of Plant Sciences and Centre for Global Wood Security, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United KingdomuLaboratório de Bioecologia e Conservação de Aves Neotropicais, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, BrazilvDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA 45662-900, BrazilwDepartment of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146xDepartment of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095yNew Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development, Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1, CanadazLeverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity and Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United KingdomaaDepartment of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67, Legon, Accra, GhanabbConservation Ecology Program, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, ThailandccSwiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach 6204, SwitzerlandddDepartment of Wildlife Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, IndiaeeDepartamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, BrazilffDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802ggSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South AfricahhInstitute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, MalaysiaiiDepartment of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United KingdomjjCornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850kkCentre for Research on Ecology, Cognition and Behaviour of Birds, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, BelgiumllPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, BrazilmmDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadannDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaooDepartamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, BrazilppCentro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Buri, SP 18299-000, BrazilqqSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United KingdomrrCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group/Global Change and Sustainability Institute and Universidade dos Açores–Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores 9700-042, PortugalssDepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331ttPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49107-230, BraziluuMuseu de Zoologia João Moojen, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, BrazilvvMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04263-000, BrazilwwSchool of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803xxDepartment of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611yyCentre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, AustraliazzInstituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Nazaré Paulista, SP 12964-022, BrazilaaaLaboratory of Island Biogeography and Conservation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinabbbCossypha Ecological, Westville 3629, South AfricacccBirdLife International (Asia), Tanglin International Centre, Singapore 247672, SingaporedddSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United KingdomeeeCenter for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511fffInstituto Juruá, Manaus, AM 69057-060, Brazil Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2521783123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521783123?af=R Proton-activated chloride channel PACC1 as acid sensor in epidermal desquamation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601316123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>The acidic microenvironment of the stratum corneum is crucial for epidermal desquamation and barrier homeostasis, yet the primary proton sensor that triggers this process remains unknown. Here, we report that the proton-activated chloride channel PACC1 is ... Proton-activated chloride channel PACC1 as acid sensor in epidermal desquamation doi:10.1073/pnas.2601316123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Keyu XiaXiangjian LiuJiajing WuJunyan HuXufeng ChengTingyan MiBomin GaoXiaoyi MoXuteng LuFeng CaoChang XieJian CaoNadine PernodetGuangwen HeHuanjun ZhouJing YaoaState Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Hubei Provincial Research Center for Basic Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, ChinabEstée Lauder Companies Innovation R&D (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200233, ChinacGlobal Research and Development, The Estée Lauder Companies, Melville, NY 11747 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601316123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601316123?af=R Building the Bergmann glial scaffold: Early arrivals and stops along the way in human cerebellar development https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602951123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Building the Bergmann glial scaffold: Early arrivals and stops along the way in human cerebellar development doi:10.1073/pnas.2602951123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Phyllis L. FaustaDepartment of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602951123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602951123?af=R Helper–exploiter polymorphism with ecological inheritance https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604884123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Helper–exploiter polymorphism with ecological inheritance doi:10.1073/pnas.2604884123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-02T07:00:00Z Olof LeimaraDepartment of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604884123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604884123?af=R Earth’s biodiversity: How much is there? https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604886123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Earth’s biodiversity: How much is there? doi:10.1073/pnas.2604886123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z Stuart L. PimmJohn L. GittlemanaNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708bOdum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604886123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604886123?af=R Functional diversity and specialization decoded: Implications for complex particle systems, NeuroAI, and hybrid human–AI ecosystems https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602694123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Functional diversity and specialization decoded: Implications for complex particle systems, NeuroAI, and hybrid human–AI ecosystems doi:10.1073/pnas.2602694123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z Paul BogdanaMing-Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089bThomas Lord Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602694123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602694123?af=R “Target species complex” concept: Strengthening environmental risk assessment of engineered gene drives https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535353123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> “Target species complex” concept: Strengthening environmental risk assessment of engineered gene drives doi:10.1073/pnas.2535353123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-30T07:00:00Z John B. ConnollyYann DevosDebora C. M. GlandorfJörg RomeisaDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sunninghill, Ascot SL5 7PY, United KingdombChief Scientist Office, European Food Safety Authority, Parma 43126, ItalycEnvironmental Risk Assessor, Baarn 3742EG, The NetherlandsdResearch Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535353123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535353123?af=R Ecological speciation in allopatry is rooted in older divergence https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603393123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Ecological speciation in allopatry is rooted in older divergence doi:10.1073/pnas.2603393123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-27T07:00:00Z Andrew D. C. MacCollaSchool of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603393123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603393123?af=R Correction for Lim et al., Longitudinal transformation of mitochondrial metabolism during neurogenesis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609041123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Correction for Lim et al., Longitudinal transformation of mitochondrial metabolism during neurogenesis doi:10.1073/pnas.2609041123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2609041123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609041123?af=R Correction for Wang et al., Oligomeric assembly of the gatekeeper InvE orchestrates hierarchical type III protein secretion in Salmonella Typhimurium https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608202123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Correction for Wang et al., Oligomeric assembly of the gatekeeper InvE orchestrates hierarchical type III protein secretion in Salmonella Typhimurium doi:10.1073/pnas.2608202123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608202123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608202123?af=R Correction for Deridoux et al., Tube feet dynamics drive adaptation in sea star locomotion https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608879123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Correction for Deridoux et al., Tube feet dynamics drive adaptation in sea star locomotion doi:10.1073/pnas.2608879123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608879123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608879123?af=R Correction for Elsler et al., Global nutritional equity of fishmeal and aquaculture trade flows https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609031123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Correction for Elsler et al., Global nutritional equity of fishmeal and aquaculture trade flows doi:10.1073/pnas.2609031123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-01T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2609031123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609031123?af=R Correction for Ganguly et al., The Nemp1–Nesprin complex mediates cellular responses to matrix mechanics https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608883123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Correction for Ganguly et al., The Nemp1–Nesprin complex mediates cellular responses to matrix mechanics doi:10.1073/pnas.2608883123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-03T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608883123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608883123?af=R Reply to MacColl: Repeated evolution from standing genetic variation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605003123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/> Reply to MacColl: Repeated evolution from standing genetic variation doi:10.1073/pnas.2605003123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-03-27T07:00:00Z Marius RoestiJeffrey S. GrohFelicity C. JonesCatherine L. PeichelDolph SchluteraDivision of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern 3012, SwitzerlandbMiller Institute for Basic Research in Science, UC Berkeley, CA 94720cGroningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, NetherlandsdZoology Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 14 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605003123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605003123?af=R