Biological Sciences / Agricultural Sciences -- New results matching your topic search. https://www.pnas.org/action/doSearch?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Agricultural Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US http://www.atypon.com/images/atypon_logo_small.gif http://www.atypon.com https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604454123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 25, June 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study reveals a host-genetic pathway that regulates rumen microbial fermentation to mitigate methane emissions from livestock—a major contributor to climate change. We demonstrate how specific cow genes influence the production of a liver ... Host genetic regulation of rumen 6-hydroxymelatonin reduces methane emissions in dairy cattle doi:10.1073/pnas.2604454123 2026-06-08T07:00:00Z Chenguang ZhangYe LiuGuoyan WangMengqi HuangJun ZhangZongjun LiLinhao ZhouGuangfu TangShengru WuLu DengJunhu Yaoahttps://ror.org/0051rme32Department of Animal Nutrition and Environmental Hygiene, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinabNational Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot 010100, Inner Mongolia, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 25 2026-06-23T07:00:00Z 2026-06-23T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604454123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604454123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530029123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 23, June 2026. <br/>SignificanceEfficient genome editing without the need for transgenesis or tissue culture remains a major challenge in crop breeding. Here, we establish a simple single-step system for transgene- and tissue culture-free genome editing in tomato based on ... Virus-induced transgene- and tissue culture-free heritable genome editing in tomato doi:10.1073/pnas.2530029123 2026-06-04T07:00:00Z Ye LiuTrevor WeissJinhee LeeJessica PowellShi Ying Charlize ChooElnaz RoshannaiMaris KamaluJasmine AmerasekeraSuhua FengSteven E. Jacobsenahttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bhttps://ror.org/046rm7j60HHMI, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 23 2026-06-09T07:00:00Z 2026-06-09T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530029123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530029123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522073123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 22, June 2026. <br/>Escalating pressures of global climate change necessitate developing agricultural systems and crop varieties with enhanced resilience. Polyploidy, the state of possessing multiple complete sets of chromosomes arising from whole genome duplication (WGD), ... Harnessing polyploidy for climate-resilient crops: Lessons from the evolutionary model, allotetraploid cotton doi:10.1073/pnas.2522073123 2026-05-26T07:00:00Z Maojun WangRuipeng WangGuanjing HuXianlong ZhangJonathan F. Wendelahttps://ror.org/023b72294National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Chinabhttps://ror.org/04rswrd78Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011chttps://ror.org/0313jb750National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Chinadhttps://ror.org/0313jb750Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 22 2026-06-02T07:00:00Z 2026-06-02T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522073123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522073123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602255123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 22, June 2026. <br/>SignificanceSeveral factors, such as droughts and pathogens, can compromise our ability to produce food under current monoculture industrial agriculture. Here, we analyze data from a long-term managed grassland studied in the Park Grass Experiment (... Toward systems agroecology: Risk–reward balance, emergent plant communities, and temporal weather map in multiplant farming doi:10.1073/pnas.2602255123 2026-05-28T07:00:00Z Sirio Belga FedeliStanislas LeibleraSimons Center for Systems Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540bLaboratory of Living Matter, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 22 2026-06-02T07:00:00Z 2026-06-02T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602255123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602255123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532548123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 21, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study elucidates the role of OBP1b in the feeding process of the BPH. Unlike the conventional olfactory function, NlOBP1b is secreted into rice plants during feeding, where it disrupts the normal function of OsCK2, thereby inhibiting the ... The effector NlOBP1b from the brown planthopper suppresses rice immunity by manipulating the OsCK2 complex doi:10.1073/pnas.2532548123 2026-05-21T07:00:00Z Chao WangCan WeiChang-Lai QiuSupaporn FalertYong-Qian ZhangShi-Yu YuMan-Qun WangaHubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinabMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 21 2026-05-26T07:00:00Z 2026-05-26T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532548123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532548123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529151123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceAgriculture was the critical intermediary through which climate change influenced the trajectory of ancient civilizations, yet the mechanisms linking environmental shifts and early farming practices remain poorly delineated. In Neolithic East ... Soil temperature fluctuations modulated millet agriculture evolution in Neolithic East Asia doi:10.1073/pnas.2529151123 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Yongxiu LuJiaoyang RuanRuiliang LiuJade d’Alpoim GuedesJixiao WangYuanxin LiXin WangYongxiang XuLiangcheng TanJiahan ShangShugang KangGuanghui DongaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinabKey Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Center for Excellence in Archaeological Science and Cultural Heritage, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinacCenter for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreadState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaeThe Department of Asia, British Museum, London WC1E 7JW, United KingdomfDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 20 2026-05-19T07:00:00Z 2026-05-19T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529151123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529151123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531214123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe prevailing assumption of millennial-scale stability has led to the widespread neglect of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) dynamics, especially in deep soil layers. Using a large-scale, depth-resolved resampling of China’s upland croplands, we ... Subsurface soil inorganic carbon gains offset half of surface losses in China’s upland croplands over the last four decades doi:10.1073/pnas.2531214123 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Andong CaiTianfu HanZhenghu ZhouKailou LiuXinpeng XuPete SmithQingzhu GaoYue LiMinggang XuaInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, Chinabhttps://ror.org/04ypx8c21School of Agriculture and Biomanufacturing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinacCenter for Ecological Research, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, NortheastForestry University, Harbin 150040, Chinadhttps://ror.org/04vrkaw11Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Enhancementl/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 331717, Jiangxi, Chinaehttps://ror.org/0313jb750State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinafInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotlandghttps://ror.org/05e9f5362Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531214123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531214123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535202123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 18, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceMaize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a serious viral disease threatening food security in East Africa. We found a previously unknown mechanism by which the virus exploits a specific maize peroxisomal peptidase to form replication compartments. This ... Targeted knockout of a host peroxisomal peptidase confers field resistance to maize lethal necrosis doi:10.1073/pnas.2535202123 2026-04-30T07:00:00Z Mark JungZhengyu WenSabrina HumbertFengzhong LuAlyssa DeLeonLisa MarshallCraig HastingsHeather CartwrightKatherine ThilgesNing WangKassandra BreckenridgeEmily WuLarisa RyanKevin FenglerKevin SimcoxShawn ThatcherVictor LlacaGrace WoollumsJeffry SanderDeping XuMary BeattyKent BrinkMaria FedorovaMark JonesErik OhlsonL. M. SureshYoseph BeyeneMichael OlsenVeronica OgugoAmos AlakonyaAnn MurithiStephen MugoJames KaranjaPrasanna BoddupalliKevin PixleyMarc AlbertsenTodd JonesRobert MeeleyNeal GuttersonBarbara MazurKanwarpal S. Dhuggaahttps://ror.org/02pm1jf23Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131bhttps://ror.org/03gvhpa76International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Texcoco 56237, MexicocCorn, Soybean, and Wheat Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH 44691dhttps://ror.org/055w89263International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Nairobi, Kenya 00100ehttps://ror.org/00wawdr98Kenyan Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya 00200 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 18 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535202123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535202123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536813123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 17, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMagnesium (Mg) is an essential element for both plants and humans. As a staple food, rice represents a major dietary source of Mg, yet the mechanism underlying Mg loading into grain remains unclear. In this study, we identified a Mg ... A magnesium efflux transporter required for seed development and eating quality in rice doi:10.1073/pnas.2536813123 2026-04-22T07:00:00Z Sheng HuangKiyosumi HoriNaoki YamajiYuma YoshiokaMin NingYu NagayaTakaaki MiyajiNamiki Mitani-UenoShin-ichiro InoueJune-Sik KimMiho KashinoJian Feng MaaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinabInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, JapancNational Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, JapandGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama 700-8530, JapaneDepartment of Genomics and Proteomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama 700-8530, JapanfDepartment of Regulatory Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapangRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 17 2026-04-28T07:00:00Z 2026-04-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536813123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536813123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603983123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 17, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceFlooded rice fields lose large amounts of nitrogen as dinitrogen (N2), yet the sources of this loss remain unclear. Using a cutting-edge in situ isotopic technique, we show that most N2emissions arise not from fertilizer, as widely assumed, ... Soil organic nitrogen rather than fertilizer drives dinitrogen losses in flooded rice systems doi:10.1073/pnas.2603983123 2026-04-22T07:00:00Z Yuanyuan LeiZhijun WeiKaiye YeKees Jan van GroenigenYu LiuHongna CuiKlaus Butterbach-BahlPete SmithDeli ChenShu Kee LamWilliam R. HorwathWulf AmelungChaopu TiWei ZhouJingrui YangHongbo HeXudong ZhangSheng ZhouXiaoyuan YanLonglong XiaaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, ChinabUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, ChinacDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United KingdomdPioneer Center for Landscape Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, DenmarkeInstitute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82497, GermanyfInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United KingdomgSchool of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, AustraliahDepartment of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616iInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, GermanyjInstitute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, GermanykInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, ChinalEco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 17 2026-04-28T07:00:00Z 2026-04-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603983123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603983123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600386123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 16, April 2026. <br/>SignificancePathogen-driven manipulation of vector physiology represents a fundamental yet understudied survival strategy for optimizing transmission efficiency. This study reveals a sophisticated mechanism whereby the pinewood nematode utilizes exosome-... Plant pathogenic nematode exosomes remodel vector tracheae to enhance pathogen transmission doi:10.1073/pnas.2600386123 2026-04-16T07:00:00Z Yue ChangJiao ZhouFangyuan YeHongxia ZhangJianghua SunLilin ZhaoaState Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinabUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinacCollege of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinadShanxi Fen River Plain Farmland Shelterbelt Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Jinzhong 030801, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 16 2026-04-21T07:00:00Z 2026-04-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600386123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600386123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605414123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 16, April 2026. <br/> Combining process-based models with machine learning ensemble improves soil nitrous oxide estimates doi:10.1073/pnas.2605414123 2026-04-13T07:00:00Z Stephen Del GrossoStephen OgleaNatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 16 2026-04-21T07:00:00Z 2026-04-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605414123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605414123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag109?af=R PNAS Nexus, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2026. <br/>The loss of epigenetic information has been proposed as a driver of aging and diseases, but the reversibility and causality of this process remain underexplored. Here, we analyze liver-unique methylation sites—genomic loci that show distinct methylation ... Reversible and causal epigenetic information loss in liver aging and disease doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag109 2026-04-10T07:00:00Z Roni B ShtarkNaor SagyNoga KorenfeldMaayan GalIdo GoldsteinDaniel Z BarBrent Stockwell PNAS Nexus 5 4 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 2026-04-07T07:00:00Z 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag109 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag109?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526937123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceFemales of many insects choose egg-laying sites that balance their own preferences with the needs of their offspring. Oriental fruit fly females paradoxically prefer unripe mangoes, which are less nutritious than ripe fruits, and the basis of ... Gustatory sensing by ovipositor drives maternal avoidance of hesperidin to benefit the offspring in a major agricultural fly pest doi:10.1073/pnas.2526937123 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z Bao DongYuanyuan PengRuohan KouHongfei LiFu CaoXinyu LanJinjun WangHongbo JiangaKey Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinabKey Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 12 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2526937123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526937123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531351123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceHormonal signals control developmental plasticity by adjusting physiological states, allowing animals to adapt to environmental change. This requires the endocrine system to modulate hormone synthesis in response to external cues, but the ... Endocrine gland growth as the developmental switch for insect diapause doi:10.1073/pnas.2531351123 2026-03-18T07:00:00Z Kou WangZhong TianKirst King-JonesFen ZhuXiao-Ping WangWen LiuaHubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinabDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 12 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531351123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531351123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601427123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. <br/> A nematode-built conduit for cross kingdom biotrophic interaction doi:10.1073/pnas.2601427123 2026-03-18T07:00:00Z Valerie M. WilliamsonShahid SiddiqueaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616bDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 12 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601427123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601427123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607080123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. <br/> Boosting crops’ natural capabilities could help feed a warming world doi:10.1073/pnas.2607080123 2026-03-18T07:00:00Z Saima Sidik Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 12 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 2026-03-24T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2607080123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607080123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600783123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 11, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe placenta is essential for successful reproduction in mammalian species. Although the bovine placenta has been studied histologically, the cellular and molecular pathways governing trophoblast differentiation remain unclear. This study ... Directed differentiation of bovine trophoblast stem cells: A useful in vitro model for placenta development doi:10.1073/pnas.2600783123 2026-03-11T07:00:00Z Abdallah W. AbdelhadySarayut WinuthayanonM. Sofia OrtegaAndrew M. KelleherThomas E. SpenceraDivision of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211bDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706cDivision of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 11 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600783123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600783123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519395123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 10, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceImproving grain appearance is a priority for rice breeding, as chalkiness markedly reduces commercial value. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized metabolic pathway involving D-amino acids that regulates this trait. We show that theD-... D-amino acid aminotransferase1 regulates grain chalkiness in rice by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress response doi:10.1073/pnas.2519395123 2026-03-06T08:00:00Z Hui DongJie LeiYunlu TianJuan LiuHang YangXiaokang JiangRushuang ZhangYu ZhangRongbo ChenYiqun BaoFeng LiuYulong RenYaping LuXi LiuShijia LiuXue YangErchao DuanXuan TengYunlong WangChuanwei GuYipeng ZhangXiaoli ChenYunpeng ZhangHongyi XuRui ShaXia XuRuomeng LiGongyu LiYihua WangJianmin WanaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinabTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinacCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinadState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 10 2026-03-10T07:00:00Z 2026-03-10T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2519395123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519395123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524808123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 10, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent and increasingly important greenhouse gas currently responsible for ~7% of human-caused atmospheric warming. Agriculture is a major emitter of N2O globally, and agricultural soils are a major if still uncertain ... Coupled machine learning–ecosystem ensemble models substantially improve predictions of nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from US croplands doi:10.1073/pnas.2524808123 2026-03-04T08:00:00Z Prateek SharmaBruno BassoAditya ManurajMichael S. MurilloNeville MillarTommaso TadielloMukta SharmaMathieu DelandmeterG. Philip RobertsonaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824bW.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060cU.S. Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824dDepartment of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824eGembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux B-5030, BelgiumfDepartment of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 10 2026-03-10T07:00:00Z 2026-03-10T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2524808123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524808123?af=R