Biological Sciences / Neuroscience -- New results matching your topic search. https://www.pnas.org/action/doSearch?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Neuroscience Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US http://www.atypon.com/images/atypon_logo_small.gif http://www.atypon.com https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605431123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 32, August 2026. <br/>SignificanceIt has been hypothesized that brain physiology has evolved to prioritize energy allocation during nutritional stress, but brain and whole-body metabolism have not been measured in combination. We examined the effect of nutritional stress on ... Energy prioritization and neurometabolic scaling in a social insect brain doi:10.1073/pnas.2605431123 2026-07-27T07:00:00Z Zach N. CotoDajia YeSara ArgandaJon F. HarrisonJames F. A. Tranielloahttps://ror.org/05qwgg493Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215bhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305chttps://ror.org/01v5cv687Departamento de Biología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles 28933, Spaindhttps://ror.org/01v5cv687Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles 28933, Spainehttps://ror.org/03efmqc40School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 32 2026-08-11T07:00:00Z 2026-08-11T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605431123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605431123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600565123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 31, August 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study reveals a functional variance in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) for spatial processing. Using calcium imaging in mice, researchers found the anterior RSC (aRSC) predominantly encodes egocentric boundary vectors. In contrast, the ... Anterior and posterior retrosplenial cortex employ distinct strategies for egocentric–allocentric transformation in spatial coding doi:10.1073/pnas.2600565123 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z Youran YangXiang ZhangXin YuanHaiqian CaiQichen CaoChenglin Miaoahttps://ror.org/02v51f717State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinabPeking University-International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinachttps://ror.org/02v51f717Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinadPeking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinaehttps://ror.org/029819q61Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, Chinafhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies, Chengdu 610213, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 31 2026-08-04T07:00:00Z 2026-08-04T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600565123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600565123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621064123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 31, August 2026. <br/> From fruit flies to football: Violent Drosophila provide novel ideas about CTE doi:10.1073/pnas.2621064123 2026-07-27T07:00:00Z Lawrence S. B. Goldsteinahttps://ror.org/0168r3w48Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037bhttps://ror.org/0168r3w48Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 31 2026-08-04T07:00:00Z 2026-08-04T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2621064123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621064123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2624390123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 31, August 2026. <br/> Correction for Madangopal et al., Distinct prelimbic cortex ensembles encode response execution and inhibition doi:10.1073/pnas.2624390123 2026-07-27T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 31 2026-08-04T07:00:00Z 2026-08-04T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2624390123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2624390123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536534123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceMyelin in the central nervous system is commonly viewed as a means to speed up electrical signaling, yet its advantage in thin cortical axons has remained unclear. Using a combination of advanced optical and electrical measurements, and ... Cortical gray matter myelin cuts energy cost of spike propagation without increasing conduction velocity doi:10.1073/pnas.2536534123 2026-07-22T07:00:00Z Oron KotlerYana KhrapunskyIsrael MelamedElior PelesWilliam N. RossIlya Fleidervishahttps://ror.org/05tkyf982Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Zelman Center for Brain Science Research, Ben–Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israelbhttps://ror.org/05tkyf982Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben–Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israelchttps://ror.org/0316ej306Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israeldhttps://ror.org/03dkvy735Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536534123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536534123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601488123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study identifies gephyrin as the primary anchor for PX-RICS [Phox homology-RhoGAP involved in the β-catenin–N-cadherin and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling], the long splice variant ofARHGAP32enriched at inhibitory ... The ARHGAP32 isoform PX-RICS is specifically targeted to inhibitory synapses by binding to gephyrin doi:10.1073/pnas.2601488123 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z Guanhua BaiRuifeng HuangYinmiao LianXintong ZhaoWanfa YangXiaomi LuHao LiMingjie Zhangahttps://ror.org/049tv2d57Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Chinabhttps://ror.org/00p991c53Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Chinachttps://ror.org/00p991c53Innovation Center for Brain Medical Sciences, The Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Chinadhttps://ror.org/00q4vv597Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601488123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601488123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601841123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceNeural circuits must remain stable to function correctly, yet strong recurrent connections, which are essential for complex computations, often hinder this stability. We demonstrate that divisive normalization, a canonical neural operation ... Stabilization of recurrent neural networks through divisive normalization doi:10.1073/pnas.2601841123 2026-07-23T07:00:00Z Flaviano MoroneShivang RawatDavid J. HeegerStefano Martinianiahttps://ror.org/0190ak572Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003bhttps://ror.org/0190ak572Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003chttps://ror.org/0190ak572Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012dhttps://ror.org/0190ak572Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003ehttps://ror.org/0190ak572Department of Chemistry, Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601841123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601841123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603069123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceMitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of neurodegenerative diseases, yet research has largely focused on neurons, leaving the contribution of glial cells poorly understood. We identify the SNARE protein VAMP7 as a critical regulator ... VAMP7-dependent mitochondria–lysosome contacts contribute to glial mitochondrial dynamics and dopaminergic neuron survival doi:10.1073/pnas.2603069123 2026-07-24T07:00:00Z Honglei WangMengxiao WangYu-Ting TsaiYi-Hsuan ChengYu-Tung LinChia-Ching LinYi-Hua LeeLinfang WangShuanglong YiShiping ZhangYufeng PanMargaret S. HoaThe Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Chinabhttps://ror.org/030bhh786School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, Chinachttps://ror.org/00se2k293Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, TaiwandThe Institute of Seed Industry, Xianghu Laboratory, Qiantang River International Innovation Belt of the Xiaoshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou 311200, Chinaehttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, Chinafhttps://ror.org/00nn53y54State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, Chinaghttps://ror.org/00se2k293Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603069123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603069123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605466123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study explored a population ofNtsr1mRNA-expressing neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) that project selectively to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Stimulation of PBNNtsr1neurons and their terminals in the VMH decreased ... Parabrachial Ntsr1 neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus doi:10.1073/pnas.2605466123 2026-07-22T07:00:00Z Jordan L. PauliSekun ParkRachel R. FelixRichard D. Palmiterahttps://ror.org/00cvxb145HHMI, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195bhttps://ror.org/00cvxb145Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605466123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605466123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605750123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceGlia are present throughout the mammalian brain. Whether morphologically similar glia in different parts of the brain regulate neuronal function in a spatially circumscribed manner is an area of intense research.Drosophilacortex glia (CG) ... Light- and temperature-sensitive seizures are regulated by spatially distinct cortex glial populations in the central nervous system doi:10.1073/pnas.2605750123 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z Govind KunduriTanja Angela GodenschwegeKatherine SankeyKandahalli Venkataranganayaka AbhilashaUsha AcharyaJairaj K. AcharyaaCenter for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702bBiological Sciences Department, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605750123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605750123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609365123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceLateralization, or left–right asymmetry across the body midline, is widespread across animals, shaping how sensation and action are coordinated. Visually guided reaching with appendages is commonly lateralized, reflecting biases like ... Conservation of a lateralized visuomotor axis in hawkmoth proboscis probing doi:10.1073/pnas.2609365123 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z Lochlan WalshSören Magnus KannegieserAnna Lisa Stöcklahttps://ror.org/0546hnb39Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, GermanybInternational Max Planck Research School for Quantitative Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution, 78464 Konstanz, Germanychttps://ror.org/00fbnyb24Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biozentrum am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germanydhttps://ror.org/0546hnb39Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2609365123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609365123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614867123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceGlucocorticoids shape postnatal brain development and adaptive plasticity through glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), yet their actions in non-neuronal cells remain poorly understood. Here, we identify oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as key ... Glucocorticoid receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate hippocampal network plasticity and stress-induced behavior in mice doi:10.1073/pnas.2614867123 2026-07-20T07:00:00Z Lorenzo MattioniGiulia PoggiCeline GallagherKatrin BeckerLinh LeMaja PapicJasmin EngbersMaija-Kreetta KoskinenAli AbdollahzadehDavid P. HerzogLeonardo NardiAndrea ConradSarah WinterbergChrista Merte-GrebeLiana Melo-ThomasHyonseung LeeHans SchwarzbachJennifer KlüpfelRalf KinscherfJan EngelmannBeat LutzAri WaismanIiris HovattaThomas MittmannMichael J. SchmeisserMarianne B. MüllerGiulia TreccaniaInstitute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, GermanybFocus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, GermanycDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, GermanydInstitute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germanyehttps://ror.org/00q5t0010Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz 55128, GermanyfInstitute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germanyghttps://ror.org/040af2s02SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finlandhhttps://ror.org/040af2s02Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finlandihttps://ror.org/00cyydd11A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finlandjhttps://ror.org/023b0x485Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germanykhttps://ror.org/03dftj863Department of Systemic Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg 35032, GermanylDepartment of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2614867123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614867123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617170123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 30, July 2026. <br/> The dual face of miR-146a in ALS doi:10.1073/pnas.2617170123 2026-07-20T07:00:00Z Guy HaimEran Hornsteinahttps://ror.org/0316ej306Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israelbhttps://ror.org/0316ej306Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 30 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 2026-07-28T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2617170123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617170123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535541123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow sense of taste is altered by diseases remains an open question. The bitter taste elicited by chemicals such as caffeine is conserved from flies to humans. Here, we show that tumors induce enhanced feeding avoidance of bitter tastants in ... Tumor-derived cytokine enhances bitter sensing through remote control of bitter taste neurons via the Upd3/Spz5/Toll-6 axis in Drosophila doi:10.1073/pnas.2535541123 2026-07-15T07:00:00Z Benjiang QiaoLingzhi WuLimin ChenJinyan HuangPumin ZhangQiaoran Liahttps://ror.org/00a2xv884Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, Chinabhttps://ror.org/00a2xv884Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, Chinachttps://ror.org/00a2xv884The Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535541123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535541123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536489123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceDrug repurposing offers a cost-effective strategy for accelerating therapeutic development. This study identifies trazodone, an FDA-approved antidepressant, as a promising therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We show that ... Repurposing trazodone for Alzheimer’s disease to modulate soluble ST2 levels and alleviate Alzheimer’s pathology doi:10.1073/pnas.2536489123 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z Daniel Y. K. WongWing-Yu FuHyebin UhmYuanbing JiangYuki C. C. YipVincent C. T. MokTimothy C. Y. KwokLi OuyangAmy K. Y. FuNancy Y. Ipahttps://ror.org/00q4vv597Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders, Daniel and Mayce Yu Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinabInnoHK Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Chinachttps://ror.org/00t33hh48Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Chinadhttps://ror.org/00t33hh48Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Chinaehttps://ror.org/00sz56h79Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, Chinafhttps://ror.org/00q4vv597Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536489123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536489123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536535123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAdaptive behavior in uncertain and changing environments requires adjusting how strongly new evidence influences learning. Classical reinforcement-learning models assume a fixed learning rate, whereas recent work proposes that learning speed ... Orbitofrontal noradrenaline supports adaptive learning-rate adjustment in probabilistic reversal learning doi:10.1073/pnas.2536535123 2026-07-13T07:00:00Z Hadrien PlatColine ChevallierAlessandro PiccinAlain R. MarchandJérémie NaudéEtienne Coutureauahttps://ror.org/01a6zh966University of Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d‘Aquitaine, UMR 5287 CNRS, Bordeaux 33000, Francebhttps://ror.org/043wmc583University of Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203 CNRS, U 1191 INSERM, Montpellier 34000, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536535123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536535123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601227123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAdolescence is marked by a shift in social orientation from parents to nonfamilial peers, a process that helps young people navigate their increasing independence. How this changing social landscape unfolds in adolescents with autism, who ... Developmental divergence in voice–reward circuitry differentiates autistic from typically developing children and adolescents doi:10.1073/pnas.2601227123 2026-07-13T07:00:00Z Daniel A. AbramsSimon LeipoldPaola OdriozolaAmanda E. BakerAarthi PadmanabhanJennifer M. PhillipsVinod Menonahttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305bhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305chttps://ror.org/05a28rw58Social Brain Sciences Lab, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerlanddhttps://ror.org/02crff812Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerlandehttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601227123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601227123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601657123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceEffort-based motivation, the willingness to invest work to achieve rewards, varies widely in the population and, when blunted, contributes to depression, apathy, and loss of productivity. We identify mechanisms driven by alterations in ... Mitofusin-2 in ventral striatal D1 neurons regulates effort-based motivation through sex-specific mitochondrial–synaptic reprogramming doi:10.1073/pnas.2601657123 2026-07-15T07:00:00Z Alessandro ChioinoDogukan H. UlgenOlivia ZanolettiIsabelle Guillot de SuduirautAshley M. MaynardElisenda SanzAlbert QuintanaSimone AstoriCarmen Sandiahttps://ror.org/02s376052Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerlandbhttps://ror.org/02s376052Synapsy Center for Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerlandchttps://ror.org/02s376052Regeneration and Neurogenomics Laboratory, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerlanddhttps://ror.org/052g8jq94Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spainehttps://ror.org/052g8jq94Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spainfhttps://ror.org/010f1sq29Focus Area for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601657123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601657123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601766123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceLicking of an injured body part is a ubiquitous coping behavior that alleviates pain, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here, we identify a specific population of primary sensory neurons, Npy2r-Cre+Aβ fibers, as ... A population of primary afferent sensory neurons mediates pain relief through nocifensive coping behavior in mice doi:10.1073/pnas.2601766123 2026-07-15T07:00:00Z Daichi SuetoSawako UchiyamaTeruaki OnoMoeka WatanabeMisuzu SekineYuto NishidaKohei NomakiYuto ShibataRyoichi TashimaKazuki FujimoriYasuharu NakashimaMakoto Tsudaahttps://ror.org/00p4k0j84Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japanbhttps://ror.org/00p4k0j84Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapancKyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601766123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601766123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602749123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAlthough enhanced water drinking subsequent to stress is widely observed in mammals, both the adaptive role of such behavior and its neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Employing advanced neuroscience research tools, we uncovered a ... Neural circuits for stress-induced water drinking in relief of anxiety doi:10.1073/pnas.2602749123 2026-07-16T07:00:00Z Lan TangRun-Jie WuHong-Yu LiHong-Rui WeiJing-Bo DuanQianqian LouLe-Xian LiXin-Lu YangWei GaoMin ZhuZhi ZhangSen QunYuanzhong KaiYan Jinahttps://ror.org/04c4dkn09Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advance Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Chinabhttps://ror.org/04c4dkn09Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Chinachttps://ror.org/04c4dkn09Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Chinadhttps://ror.org/04c4dkn09Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Chinaehttps://ror.org/04c4dkn09Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Chinafhttps://ror.org/03t1yn780Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Chinaghttps://ror.org/03xb04968Department of Anatomy, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Chinahhttps://ror.org/05th6yx34Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences and Medical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602749123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602749123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605179123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAs humans go about their lives, they experience a continuous stream of novel and familiar stimuli, not all of which are relevant to current goals. Prior knowledge plays a crucial role in evaluating stimulus relevance. We investigated how the ... Goal-directed modulation of the default network supports interactions between selective attention, working memory, and prior knowledge doi:10.1073/pnas.2605179123 2026-07-13T07:00:00Z Veronica DiveicaRoni SettonGary R. TurnerR. Nathan Sprengahttps://ror.org/01pxwe438Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canadabhttps://ror.org/03vek6s52Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138cDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canadadhttps://ror.org/01pxwe438McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canadaehttps://ror.org/01pxwe438Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canadafhttps://ror.org/01pxwe438Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605179123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605179123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610776123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study presents a large-scale international survey of the philosophical worldviews of 2,657 neuroscientists. We reveal a complex landscape in which 64% endorse reductive physicalism, yet only 17.5% reject free will. Despite widespread ... Divergent philosophical commitments in neuroscience: Evidence from a global survey doi:10.1073/pnas.2610776123 2026-07-15T07:00:00Z Fabián Navarro-PeñaGonzalo ArrondoNathaniel F. BarrettFrancisco GüellGabriel MadirolasJosé Ignacio MurilloJavier Sánchez-CañizaresJavier Bernacerahttps://ror.org/02rxc7m23Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spainbhttps://ror.org/0111s2360Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS, Toulouse University, Toulouse 31062, FrancecInternational Center for Neuroscience and Ethics, Tatiana Foundation, Madrid 28010, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2610776123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610776123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614199123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/> The geometry of vision, set in motion doi:10.1073/pnas.2614199123 2026-07-13T07:00:00Z Jorge Otero-Millanahttps://ror.org/01an7q238Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2614199123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614199123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617982123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceA novel form of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus referred to as presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) has recently been reported. In contrast to the two established forms of plasticity long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic ... A reassessment of NMDA receptor–dependent presynaptic homeostatic plasticity doi:10.1073/pnas.2617982123 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z Xiumin ChenTianli DouJunting ZhangYidan HongRoger A. Nicollahttps://ror.org/02xjrkt08Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, ChinabJiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Chinachttps://ror.org/043mz5j54Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Franscico, CA 94158 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2617982123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617982123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2622455123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 29, July 2026. <br/> Correction for Stöhr et al., Distinct synthetic Aβ prion strains producing different amyloid deposits in bigenic mice doi:10.1073/pnas.2622455123 2026-07-17T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 29 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 2026-07-21T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2622455123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2622455123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520095123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhich cognitive mechanisms allow humans to reason logically, to understand whether a conclusion follows from the premises? Are they the same ones that allow the assembly of words into structured representations? Scholars have debated for ... Evidence from formal logical reasoning reveals that the language of thought is not natural language doi:10.1073/pnas.2520095123 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Hope KeanAlexander FungParis JaggersJason ChenJoshua S. RuleYael BennJoshua B. TenenbaumSteven T. PiantadosiRosemary A. VarleyEvelina Fedorenkoahttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139chttps://ror.org/02jx3x895Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, WC1N 1PF, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/01an7q238Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720ehttps://ror.org/02hstj355School of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BX, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520095123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520095123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523217123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe brain must continually decide which aspects of sensory information are relevant for current goals while ignoring others. We found that the shared trial-to-trial variability of visual neurons identifies the sensory information that is most ... The structure of correlated variability reflects task-relevant information in sensory neurons doi:10.1073/pnas.2523217123 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ramanujan SrinathYunlong XuDouglas A. RuffAmy M. NiBrent DoironMarlene R. Cohenahttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bhttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637chttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523217123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523217123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530677123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe vestibular system—sometimes referred to as the “mysterious sixth sense”—has historically received limited scientific and public attention, despite its critical roles. These range from stabilizing vision through vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)... Morphological and functional diversity of spatially resolved vestibular ganglion neuron cell types doi:10.1073/pnas.2530677123 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ruiqi LiuJingyue LiuZhiyu ChenJingying LiZhiyong LiuShuohao Sunahttps://ror.org/00wksha49National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, Chinabhttps://ror.org/03cve4549Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinacPeking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530677123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530677123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530907123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceOxidative stress is a common feature of many central and peripheral diseases and contributes significantly to disease progression. Therefore, understanding the early upstream mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is ... Dopamine-driven mitochondrial reverse electron transport in immune cells mediates gut–brain ROS signaling during sleep deprivation doi:10.1073/pnas.2530907123 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Yan ZhangJae-Hyuk LeeZiqi YuYinrui TaoSuman RimalYanzi HeLei LvBingwei LuYong Pingahttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chinabhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305chttps://ror.org/01an7q238Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720dMinistry of Education, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530907123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530907123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532072123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceBiological heterogeneity is a hallmark of brain organization, spanning molecular to anatomical scales, yet its impact on large-scale dynamics has remained largely unexplored. Here, we integrate spatially structured regional heterogeneity ... Spatially structured heterogeneity shapes large-scale cortical dynamics in a model of the human cortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2532072123 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Leonardo Dalla PortaJan FousekAlain DestexheMaria V. Sanchez-VivesaInstitute of Biomedical Investigations August Pi i Sunyer, Systems Neuroscience, Barcelona 08036, SpainbCentral European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 65691, Czech Republicchttps://ror.org/002v40q27Department for Integrative and Computational Neuroscience, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Saclay 91400, Francedhttps://ror.org/0371hy230Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532072123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532072123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533168123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhat makes human cognition distinctive may begin at the level of single neurons. We introduce the Functional Complexity Index (FCI), a deep-learning-based measure that quantifies the input–output complexity of individual cells. Applying FCI to ... Dendritic morphology and synaptic nonlinearities enhance functional complexity in human cortical neurons doi:10.1073/pnas.2533168123 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ido AizenbudDaniela YoeliDavid BeniaguevChristiaan P. J. de KockMichael LondonIdan Segevahttps://ror.org/03qxff017The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israelbhttps://ror.org/008xxew50Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlandschttps://ror.org/03qxff017Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533168123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533168123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536065123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study documents the existence of a transregional metaplasticity that traverses from area CA1 to the dentate gyrus across the hippocampal fissure. This reveals a long-distance crosstalk within the hippocampus that is in addition to the ... Transregional astrocyte-dependent metaplasticity in the hippocampus doi:10.1073/pnas.2536065123 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Shruthi SateeshBarbara J. LoganMiki SuzukiDavid StellwagenWickliffe C. Abrahamahttps://ror.org/01jmxt844Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealandbhttps://ror.org/01692sz90Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Juntendo University, Chiba 279-0013, Japanchttps://ror.org/04pemf943Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536065123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536065123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600746123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn this study, we leveraged high-resolution functional MRI to characterize the fine-scale functional organization of the visual cortex in individuals with atypical development caused by amblyopia (lazy eye) and controls. We found that the ... Mesoscale developmental rivalry in the human extrastriate visual cortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2600746123 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Shahin NasrJan SkerswetatBryan KennedyMarianna E. SchmidtEric D. GaierAntony B. MorlandPeter BexDavid G. Hunterahttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129bDepartment of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115dhttps://ror.org/04gyf1771Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617ehttps://ror.org/0387jng26Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, GermanyfMax Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig 04103, GermanygDepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115hDepartment of Ophthalmology, Boston’s Children Hospital, Boston, MA 02115ihttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139jhttps://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK YO10 5DD Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600746123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600746123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602111123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhile most proteins are rapidly synthesized and degraded, a subset of synaptic proteins exhibit remarkable stability. The role of these long-lived synaptic proteins is still enigmatic but could regulate synapse function. Furthermore, it is not ... Sex- and experience-dependent regulation of synaptic protein turnover doi:10.1073/pnas.2602111123 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Seok HeoShiyu ZhangDong-Gi MunAkhilesh PandeyAlexei M. BygraveRichard L. Huganirahttps://ror.org/00za53h95Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205bhttps://ror.org/05wvpxv85Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111chttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905dhttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602111123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602111123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602614123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study identifies previously uncharacterized organizational principles of electrical synapses, describes their functional significance, and elucidates mechanisms underlying their regulation and plasticity. Contrary to the prevailing ... The combinatorial innexin code of heterochannel electrical synapses governs synaptic function and is maintained by distinct cellular mechanisms doi:10.1073/pnas.2602614123 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Atal VatsMuraleedharan SudhanandAnanya BandyopadhyayMarlyn Xavier MascarenhasNayantara VarmaSandhya Padmanabhan KoushikaAbhishek Bhattacharyaahttps://ror.org/03ht1xw27National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Indiabhttps://ror.org/03ht1xw27Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602614123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602614123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618568123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Distinguishing direct androgenic signaling from local aromatization in the lateral septum doi:10.1073/pnas.2618568123 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Dong’e HuangJunqing DongaDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, ChinabDepartment of Physiotherapy, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Ningde, Fujian 352103, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2618568123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618568123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618836123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Reply to Huang and Dong: Clarifying the interpretation of rapid steroid effects in social recognition doi:10.1073/pnas.2618836123 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Dario AspesiAnjana VaratharajahLucia CioffiSilvia DiviccaroDonatella CarusoNatalina BeckeJasmin LalondeMelissa L. PerreaultRoberto C. MelcangiNeil J. MacLuskyElena Cholerisahttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canadabhttps://ror.org/00wjc7c48Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italychttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canadadhttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2618836123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618836123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2502969123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceOur sensory experience requires interpretation: the brain uses both hyperlocal and large-scale scene cues to process sensory inputs. In the primary visual cortex (V1), this contextual modulation arises from a mixture of intra- and ... Orientation-tuned surround suppression exhibits a unique laminar signature in the human primary visual cortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2502969123 2026-07-02T07:00:00Z Joseph H. EmersonKaren NavarroCheryl A. Olmanahttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455bhttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455chttps://ror.org/017zqws13Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2502969123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2502969123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517454123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceSleep-dependent memory consolidation is thought to rely on coordinated interactions among slow oscillations, spindles, and ripples across the cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus, but direct human evidence has been limited. Using simultaneous ... A hierarchical cascade of sleep rhythms supports motor memory and is hijacked by epileptic spikes in human epilepsy doi:10.1073/pnas.2517454123 2026-06-30T07:00:00Z Anirudh WodeyarDhinakaran ChinappenHunki KwonWen ShiR. Mark RichardsonMark A. KramerCatherine J. Chuahttps://ror.org/02jz4aj89Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 EN, The Netherlandsbhttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205chttps://ror.org/05q6tgt32Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205dhttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114eHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215fhttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114ghttps://ror.org/05qwgg493Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215hhttps://ror.org/05qwgg493Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2517454123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517454123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517987123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow stress induces long-lasting internal states leading to anxiety and phobia remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that a genetically tractable model organism,Drosophila melanogaster, exhibits stress-induced claustrophobia-... Neuropeptide signaling and the blood–brain barrier generate a persistent stress-induced internal state in Drosophila doi:10.1073/pnas.2517987123 2026-07-01T07:00:00Z Abdalla G. AliaXinyue HuYuzhe GuJanviere YauGuangnan TianJulie L. SemmelhackKokoro SaitoHiromu TanimotoKoki TsuyuzakiShintaro NaganosTomoyuki MiyashitaMinoru SaitoeYukinori Hiranoahttps://ror.org/00q4vv597Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionbhttps://ror.org/02pttbw34Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030chttps://ror.org/05cz92x43Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030dBiomedical Sciences Program, School of Science, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science, Technology and Innovation, Giza 12578, EgypteDepartment of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japanfhttps://ror.org/01hjzeq58Data Science Core, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japanghttps://ror.org/00vya8493Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japanhhttps://ror.org/02pc6pc55Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2517987123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2517987123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520677123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceOur observations highlight that orexin activities are implicated in the motivational process in rats and that dynamic changes in activation of orexin neurons may be involved in reward-seeking behavior based on reward prediction. In particular, ... Reward prediction is encoded by orexin neuron activity during motivated behavior doi:10.1073/pnas.2520677123 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Yutao DongSheikh Mizanur RahamanWenjun ZhuAyumu InutsukaDaisuke OnoRinako TanakaTetsuo MatsuzakiEiji ShibataMadoka IsobeShuntaro IzawaAkihiro YamanakaKiyofumi YamadaHiroyuki Mizoguchiahttps://ror.org/04chrp450Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japanbhttps://ror.org/04chrp450Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japanchttps://ror.org/02h6cs343Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japandhttps://ror.org/0199g0r92Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germanyehttps://ror.org/02956yf07International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), Tsukuba Institute for Advanced Research (TIAR), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japanfhttps://ror.org/02956yf07Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japanghttps://ror.org/029819q61Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520677123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520677123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521642123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceMitochondrial dynamics are essential for neuronal health, enabling cells to adapt energy production and stress responses to changing demands. Although pathological Tau has been extensively linked to mitochondrial dysfunction promoting ... Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics doi:10.1073/pnas.2521642123 2026-06-30T07:00:00Z Eleni TsakiriCarlos Campos-MarquesChristina PloumiKalliopi SkourtiAntonis RoussosEirini MytilinaiouAnastasia Vamvaka IakovouIldete Luísa FerreiraChrysoula DioliDespoina D. GianniouMartina SamiotakiJonas CamposClarissa WaitesNuno SousaIoannis P. TrougakosJoana M. SilvaA. Cristina RegoIoannis SotiropoulosKonstantinos Palikarasahttps://ror.org/04gnjpq42Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greecebhttps://ror.org/037wpkx04Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, PortugalcICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, PortugaldLaboratory of Brain exosomes and Pathology - ExoBrain, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi 15341, Greeceehttps://ror.org/04z8k9a98Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugalfhttps://ror.org/04z8k9a98Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugalghttps://ror.org/04z8k9a98Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugalhhttps://ror.org/04gnjpq42Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, GreeceiBiomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute for Bio-innovation, Vari 16672, Greecejhttps://ror.org/01esghr10Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032khttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032lCentro Universitário de Jaguariúna, São Paulo 13918-112, BrazilmCentro Universitário Max-Planck, São Paulo 13343-060, Brazilnhttps://ror.org/04z8k9a98Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-354, Portugal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2521642123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521642123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522636123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceIntellectual disability (ID) affects millions worldwide, yet its biological causes are still being uncovered. We show that mutations in dynactin, a protein complex acting as the cell’s internal transport system, can disrupt brain development. ... Disruption of dynactin complex function in intellectual disability doi:10.1073/pnas.2522636123 2026-06-30T07:00:00Z Yuxiang PanHuijuan LiMingchun LiaoTianyun WangXiaoli RaoQiu WangPing HuDandan ZhengYang JiaoLuonan ChenYun Stone ShiYonghua ZhaoXu ZhangZhuo LiLan BaoLingqian WuBin Wangahttps://ror.org/027v2y954Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai 519031, Chinabhttps://ror.org/05qbk4x57Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, ChinacCenter for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, ChinadInstitute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, Special Administrative Region of China 999078, ChinaeDepartment of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, Chinafhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, Chinaghttps://ror.org/01a2gef28Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, ChinahDepartment of Medical Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha 410078, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522636123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522636123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528192123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>Proficiency testing is widely used to assess expertise in medicine, engineering, and other high-stakes fields. In forensic science, such tests are often cited in court as evidence that pattern-comparison methods are accurate and reliable. Yet, the ... Assessing the foundations of forensic identification evidence: A critical examination of proficiency test design and results doi:10.1073/pnas.2528192123 2026-06-26T07:00:00Z Nicholas ScurichThomas D. Albrightahttps://ror.org/04gyf1771Department of Psychology, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-7050bhttps://ror.org/04gyf1771Department of Criminology, Law & Society, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-7050chttps://ror.org/03xez1567Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528192123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528192123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600016123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceDepression is a debilitating disorder with limited treatment options for many patients. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a potential intervention, but its development has been hindered by inconsistent clinical outcomes and a poor ... Assessment of diverse deep brain stimulation targets uncovers a common neural pathway for instantaneous antidepressant effects in rats doi:10.1073/pnas.2600016123 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Peixing QianBinshi BoMinning LiGen LiYang LiuZhifeng LiangHongji SunXiaojie Duanahttps://ror.org/02v51f717Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinabhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinachttps://ror.org/05bxb3784Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, ChinadChangping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, Chinaehttps://ror.org/02v51f717National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600016123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600016123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600627123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceUsing a fly model of traumatic brain injury, we find that injury alters a brain protein called tau, not by causing cell death, but by changing how it controls the neuron’s internal skeleton. This tau change leads to an activation of brain ... Injury-induced tau pathology promotes aggressive behavior in Drosophila without neurodegeneration doi:10.1073/pnas.2600627123 2026-06-30T07:00:00Z Roilea MaxsonChristine J. SmoyerMegan F. HamptonYusheng ShenKailea WieseCheryl YeeAishini SinghAlexandria FuntilaRichard J. McKenneyKassandra M. Ori-McKenneyahttps://ror.org/05rrcem69Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616bhttps://ror.org/036c9yv20Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Integrative Imaging Unit, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600627123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600627123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601569123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceLimb dominance is often taken as evidence that the dominant hemisphere is intrinsically better at motor control. We tested an alternative: dominance reflects asymmetric practice with tools and objects requiring precise control of complex ... Arm dominance is an emergent effect of practice executing complex trajectory shapes required by tools and objects doi:10.1073/pnas.2601569123 2026-06-30T07:00:00Z Ahmet AracNicolas Y. H. Jeong LeeJohn W. Krakauerahttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bhttps://ror.org/00za53h95Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205chttps://ror.org/01arysc35Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601569123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601569123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602515123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow the child’s brain changes with schooling, as it acquires the abstract concepts of mathematics, remains unclear. By longitudinally tracking children’s brain responses to mathematical sentences from preschool through early elementary school, ... Initial organization and progressive expansion of the math-responsive brain network during the first school years doi:10.1073/pnas.2602515123 2026-07-02T07:00:00Z Théo MorfoisseSéverine BecuweMarie PaluCassandra Potier-WatkinsGhislaine Dehaene-LambertzStanislas Dehaeneahttps://ror.org/04ex24z53Chair of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, Collège de France, Paris 75005, Francebhttps://ror.org/03xjwb503Cognitive NeuroImaging Unit, Commissariat à l’Energie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602515123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602515123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604111123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceFor decades, the claustrum has captivated neuroscientists, yet progress in understanding its function in humans has been constrained by the absence of a definitive anatomical reference and the belief that the structure is too thin to image ... Multiscale characterization of the human claustrum from histology to MRI doi:10.1073/pnas.2604111123 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Navona CalarcoSkerdi ProgriSriranga KashyapShuting XieClaude LepageDonna Gift CabaloBoris C. BernhardtAlan C. EvansKâmil Uludağahttps://ror.org/042xt5161Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canadabhttps://ror.org/03dbr7087Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canadachttps://ror.org/05n0tzs53Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute,Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canadadhttps://ror.org/01pxwe438McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canadaehttps://ror.org/05n0tzs53Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canadafhttps://ror.org/00y0zf565Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16419, Republic of Koreaghttps://ror.org/04q78tk20Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604111123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604111123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613745123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/> Targets for disease modification in schizophrenia: New findings add to evidence for the involvement of the immune complement system doi:10.1073/pnas.2613745123 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Oliver D. HowesAtheeshaan ArumuhamMeike Heurichahttps://ror.org/0220mzb33Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdombhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/03kk7td41School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biological and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XA, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613745123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613745123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616703123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 27, July 2026. <br/> Hive mind: Microbial communities and the making of memory doi:10.1073/pnas.2616703123 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Linda KatonaJohn F. Cryanahttps://ror.org/03265fv13APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Irelandbhttps://ror.org/03265fv13Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Irelandchttps://ror.org/03265fv13Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 27 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2616703123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616703123?af=R