Biological Sciences / Neuroscience -- New results matching your topic search. https://www.pnas.org/action/doSearch?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Neuroscience Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US http://www.atypon.com/images/atypon_logo_small.gif http://www.atypon.com https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528214123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceSynaptic strength is regulated depending on the pattern of neuronal firings. Consecutive firings with short intervals can quickly enhance the neurotransmitter release, influenced by the previous firings. The functional importance of this ... Calcium sensing by the C2A domain of Synaptotagmin 7 is required through the linker for both synaptic facilitation and memory doi:10.1073/pnas.2528214123 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z Akira SakuraiTakaaki FujiiMotojiro Yoshiharaahttps://ror.org/016bgq349Memory Neurobiology Project, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528214123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528214123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530522123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study presents a computational framework to mechanistically simulate neuronal lesions and interventions for the treatment of disorders of consciousness (DoC). Through a neural network with biologically plausible features, we modeled ... Recovery from disorders of consciousness: Lesions and GABAergic modulation in a biologically inspired spiking neural network doi:10.1073/pnas.2530522123 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z Francesco AchilliAntoine CautruJean-Pierre ChangeuxGuillaume Dumasahttps://ror.org/00wjc7c48Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italybhttps://ror.org/0161xgx34Research Center of the Sainte-Justine Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal H3T 1C5, QC, Canadachttps://ror.org/04ex24z53Neuroscience Department, Institut Pasteur, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, Francedhttps://ror.org/0161xgx34Mila—Québec AI Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal H2S 3H1, QC, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530522123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530522123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537457123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe tendency for neurons in the motor cortex to respond during movement observation has been proposed to underlie cognitive processes from motor learning and language development to empathy and theory of mind. Understanding how the motor ... Observation-related activity in the human motor cortex increases with effector anthropomorphicity doi:10.1073/pnas.2537457123 2026-09-21T07:00:00Z Jacob T. GusmanZoe C. BeckmanTyler S. Singer-ClarkAngelique C. PaulkAnastasia KapitonavaTommy HosmanShane AllcroftAlexander J. AcostaClaire NicolasDaniel B. RubinJohn P. DonoghueCarlos E. Vargas-IrwinLeigh R. Hochbergahttps://ror.org/05gq02987School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912bhttps://ror.org/05gq02987Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912cVeterans Affairs Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Veterans Affairs Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI 02908dhttps://ror.org/04py2rh25Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02114eDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115fhttps://ror.org/05gq02987Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537457123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537457123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602353123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhether and where the human cortex can functionally reorganize remain central debates in neuroscience. Here, using congenital handlessness as a model, we show that cortical plasticity follows a hierarchical principle. Reorganization in the ... Experience-driven plasticity in the secondary somatosensory cortex in people born without hands doi:10.1073/pnas.2602353123 2026-09-21T07:00:00Z Zhiqing DengFlorencia Martinez-AddiegoYuqi LiuElla Striem-Amitahttps://ror.org/00hjz7x27Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057bhttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602353123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602353123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604172123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceWe identified a peripheral mechanism regulating cerebral blood flow: ultrafast constriction of bridging veins and the superior sagittal sinus driven by abdominal muscle activity. These constrictions, triggered during behavioral transitions and ... Ultrafast venous and sagittal sinus constrictions in the brain driven by abdominal pressure doi:10.1073/pnas.2604172123 2026-09-23T07:00:00Z Qingguang ZhangC. Spencer GarborgNoah FrankFatemeh SalehiKevin L. TurnerPatrick J. Drewahttps://ror.org/04p491231Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802bhttps://ror.org/05hs6h993Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824chttps://ror.org/04p491231Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802dhttps://ror.org/04p491231Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802ehttps://ror.org/04p491231Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802fhttps://ror.org/04p491231Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802ghttps://ror.org/04p491231Penn State Neuroscience Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802hhttps://ror.org/04p491231Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604172123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604172123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604270123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceAnimals must adapt their learning to changing environmental threats, yet the mechanisms linking internal states to learning flexibility remain unclear. Using C. elegans, this study identifies a “push–pull” gut–brain signaling mechanism that ... A push–pull gut–brain signal regulates flexible learning in Caenorhabditis elegans doi:10.1073/pnas.2604270123 2026-09-23T07:00:00Z Hanzhang LiuYinghao SunChunhuan JiangNan DongYu YangYing ZhuRuixue QinHuixia JiaKe ZhangHonggang LiWenxing YangZengru DiHe Liuahttps://ror.org/022k4wk35Department of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, Chinabhttps://ror.org/022k4wk35International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, Chinachttps://ror.org/022k4wk35School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Chinadhttps://ror.org/022k4wk35Huitong College, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, Chinaehttps://ror.org/011ashp19Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604270123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604270123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611415123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhile maternal hormones have long been thought to mediate physiological changes during pregnancy, how hormonal signals coordinate changes in homeostatic rhythms remains unclear. We show that pregnancy induces an immediate and progressive ... Pregnancy damps thermoregulatory rhythms across timescales through neural estrogen signaling in mice doi:10.1073/pnas.2611415123 2026-09-21T07:00:00Z Laura R. CortesLingyun XiongAdriana R. VreeFernando M. C. V. ReisNatalie KimBing FengMia R. HansenSakina RashidNorma P. SandovalJulissa I. LopezYanlin HeAvishek AdhikariJ. Edward van VeenAlan GarfinkelEric J. DeedsChristopher S. ColwellStephanie M. Correaahttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095bhttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095chttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095dhttps://ror.org/05ect4e57Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803ehttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2611415123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611415123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611533123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceSerotonin shapes nearly every brain circuit and is a major target of psychiatric drugs, yet how its widespread pathways are assembled has remained unclear. We combined whole-brain developmental mapping with single-cell RNA profiling to show ... System-level synchronization and subtype-specific modules govern brain-wide serotonin axon innervation doi:10.1073/pnas.2611533123 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z Annabel M. J. AdamsKenneth Lap Kei WuZhongyu LiPeiqi LiHangzhen PanZuqi HuangSara MigliariniRichard DearBo SunZora Chui-Kuen ChanJingwen LiangHongjie LiPetra E. VértesMassimo PasqualettiAlina IsakovaJing RenaNeurobiology Division, The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdombhttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Qingyuan Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chinachttps://ror.org/017zhmm22Department of Intelligent Systems, School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Chinadhttps://ror.org/03ad39j10Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italyehttps://ror.org/013meh722Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdomfhttps://ror.org/02pttbw34Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030ghttps://ror.org/02pttbw34Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030hhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Brain Resilience Lab, Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2611533123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611533123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2624726123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/> Lateralized, but not locked in: Control axes in the hawkmoth proboscis doi:10.1073/pnas.2624726123 2026-09-21T07:00:00Z Jordanna D. H. Sprayberryahttps://ror.org/05qghxh33Stony Brook University, Department of Ecology & Evolution, Stony Brook, NY 11794 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2624726123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2624726123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2630794123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 39, September 2026. <br/> Correction for Miguel-López et al., Transformations of the spatial activity manifold convey aversive information in CA3 doi:10.1073/pnas.2630794123 2026-09-21T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 39 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 2026-09-29T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2630794123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2630794123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532289123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 38, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceTRPM2 channels are expressed in immune inflammatory cells participating in immune inflammation and pain. In this research, we demonstrated that TRPM2 channels in sensory neurons are essential to directly transduce chronic arthritis pain and ... TRPM2 is a direct pain transducer doi:10.1073/pnas.2532289123 2026-09-16T07:00:00Z Linda VargheseMujahid AlizadaJinquan YangYe FengXiaoqiu YuanMitali MalhotraXuming Zhangahttps://ror.org/01a77tt86School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 38 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532289123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532289123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601714123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 38, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceNeurons communicate via synapses that can dynamically adjust their strength and are hence “plastic.” We investigated synaptotagmin 7 (syt7), a key regulator of synaptic plasticity. We found that alternative splicing functions as a master ... Alternative splicing of synaptotagmin 7 regulates oligomerization and short-term synaptic plasticity doi:10.1073/pnas.2601714123 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z Nikunj MehtaDevin T. LarsonMitch WozneyShweta MishraSmrithika SubramaniSimi KaurAvani JainEdwin R. Chapmanahttps://ror.org/01y2jtd41Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705bhttps://ror.org/01y2jtd41HHMI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705chttps://ror.org/01y2jtd41Analytics Division, Wisconsin School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 38 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601714123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601714123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606205123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 38, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceDysregulated dopamine (DA) signaling and impaired redox homeostasis are central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, Tripathi and Chakraborty et al. demonstrate that loss of membrane-bound catechol-... Catechol-O-methyltransferase connects dopamine homeostasis to redox signaling, metal homeostasis, and protein folding in schizophrenia doi:10.1073/pnas.2606205123 2026-09-16T07:00:00Z Sunil Jamuna TripathiSuwarna ChakrabortyNeil B. WoodDillon HoopesSarah BarkerEdwin Vázquez-RosaJiu AnChunxuan MaYuan HouSudarshana M. SharmaFeixiong ChengBobby ThomasBenjamin C. OrsburnStephen D. FriedSolomon H. SnyderAndrew A. PieperBindu D. Paulahttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205bhttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218chttps://ror.org/051fd9666Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106dhttps://ror.org/01gc0wp38Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106ehttps://ror.org/051fd9666Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106fhttps://ror.org/051fd9666Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106ghttps://ror.org/051fd9666Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106hhttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218ihttps://ror.org/03xjacd83Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106jhttps://ror.org/012jban78Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425khttps://ror.org/051fd9666Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106lhttps://ror.org/051fd9666Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106mhttps://ror.org/012jban78Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425nhttps://ror.org/012jban78Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425ohttps://ror.org/012jban78Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425phttps://ror.org/012jban78Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425qhttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218rhttps://ror.org/00za53h95The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205shttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205thttps://ror.org/01nh3sx96Geriatric Psychiatry, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106uCleveland Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 38 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606205123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606205123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607727123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 38, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceSpinal commissural neurons project their axons across the midline and have long served as a prime model system for axon pathfinding. However, lack of genetic access to these neurons has prevented a comprehensive analysis of their development, ... Gene expression programs underlying spinal commissural neuron differentiation and axon growth across the midline doi:10.1073/pnas.2607727123 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z Jane R. AbolafiaHanna HameedyLakshmi PrakashZiqi WangElze AmileviciuteSrikar DudipalaAlexander Jaworskiahttps://ror.org/05gq02987Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912bRobert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI 02912 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 38 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2607727123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607727123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608831123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 38, September 2026. <br/>Biological learning achieves temporal credit assignment despite sparse and imprecise feedback, often relying on neuromodulatory signals acting over space and time. Here, we introduce a learning mechanism in which error information diffuses locally through ... Diffusion of neuromodulators for temporal credit assignment doi:10.1073/pnas.2608831123 2026-09-14T07:00:00Z João Barretto-BittarAnna LevinaEmmanouil GiannakakisRoxana Zeraatiahttps://ror.org/03a1kwz48Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germanybhttps://ror.org/02jz4aj89Department of Data Analytics and Digitalisation, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, Netherlandschttps://ror.org/026nmvv73Department of Computational Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076dhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 38 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 2026-09-22T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608831123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608831123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600520123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe frontolimbic circuit, especially the fronto-hippocampus and fronto-amygdala circuitry, is integral for cognitive and affective processes. Yet its maturation has been challenging to characterize due to variable connectivity growth across ... Differentiation of frontolimbic functional connectivity from birth to early adulthood links with adversity exposure and cognition doi:10.1073/pnas.2600520123 2026-09-10T07:00:00Z Wonyoung KimSarah WhittleAndrew ZaleskyYe Ella Tianahttps://ror.org/01ej9dk98Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010postal-code>, Australiabhttps://ror.org/02czsnj07Faculty of Health, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australiachttps://ror.org/01ej9dk98Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600520123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600520123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604252123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceNeural circuits must rapidly stabilize their activity when synaptic function is perturbed, yet how weak extracellular signals trigger fast and robust compensatory responses has remained unclear. Here, we identify a conserved signaling module ... Integration of Semaphorin/Plexin activation and amplification by a Neuropilin-like coreceptor ensures robust homeostatic plasticity doi:10.1073/pnas.2604252123 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z Rosario VicidominiTae Hee HanWen-Chieh HsiehPeter NguyenJiefu LiEdward GinigerMihaela SerpeaSection on Cellular Communication, Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892bhttps://ror.org/013sk6x84Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn, VA 20147chttps://ror.org/01s5ya894Axon Guidance and Neural Connectivity Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604252123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604252123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604933123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study has advanced our understanding of the origin of muscle synergies in humans by utilizing direct electrophysiological evidence obtained from cortical stimulation in patients undergoing glioma resection. Beyond demonstrating the neural ... Neuromotor modules revealed by direct electrical stimulation of the human primary motor cortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2604933123 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z Jodie J. XieSubing HuangKelvin Y. S. LauAmy H. S. KongRosa H. M. ChanPeter Y. M. WooVincent C. K. Cheungahttps://ror.org/00t33hh48School of Biomedical Sciences, and The Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Chinabhttps://ror.org/03q8dnn23Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Chinachttps://ror.org/03s9jrm13Department of Anaesthesiology and Operating Theatre Services, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, ChinadDepartment of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Chinaehttps://ror.org/03s9jrm13Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Chinafhttps://ror.org/03m0vk445Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, Chinaghttps://ror.org/00t33hh48The Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute–Oujiang Laboratory Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Neurology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604933123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604933123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611577123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceRibbons are specialized structures of sensory synapses in the visual, auditory, and vestibular systems, long thought to function primarily as scaffolds that dock and prime synaptic vesicles for rapid neurotransmitter release. We extend this ... A multifaceted role for synaptic ribbons in sensory circuit assembly and computation doi:10.1073/pnas.2611577123 2026-09-09T07:00:00Z Andrew SchultzHaoshen ZhaiYunwei ChuPranav VenkitMrinalini HoonRaunak SinhaaDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705bMolecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705chttps://ror.org/05783y657McPherson Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705dDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2611577123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611577123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616799123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn multiple sclerosis (MS), spontaneous remyelination occurs early in disease, but becomes inefficient over time leading to neurodegeneration and clinical decline. Global TNFR2 deletion in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the mouse ... Fibronectin inhibition restores myelination in endothelial TNFR2–dependent nonremitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis doi:10.1073/pnas.2616799123 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z Aikaterini NanouKonstantinos Apostolou-KarampelisVasiliki TriantafyllidouMaria SakkouFani RoumeliotiMaria C. DenisGeorge KolliasaInstitute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens 16672, Greecebhttps://ror.org/04gnjpq42Center of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greecechttps://ror.org/04gnjpq42Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2616799123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616799123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2620995123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceA systems science approach clarified the basic architecture of the neuronal network of the rat nervous system, revealing a projected 81,582 axonal connections between 924 region nodes, equating to a connection density of 9.6%. Cluster analysis ... A structure–function neuronal network model of the rat nervous system doi:10.1073/pnas.2620995123 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z Larry W. SwansonJoel D. HahnOlaf Spornsahttps://ror.org/03taz7m60Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089bDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2620995123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2620995123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2625648123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 37, September 2026. <br/> Exploring the unseen dimensions of olfaction via human perception and AI doi:10.1073/pnas.2625648123 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z Pritish Kumar VaradwajaCentre for Cognitive Computing, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 211012, India Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 37 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 2026-09-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2625648123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2625648123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532413123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow are the functions of the brain reorganized when a sensory input is no longer available? Evidence suggests that other senses may compensate; for example, D/deaf adults outperform hearing controls in certain visual tasks. We mapped ... Retinotopic remapping of the visual system in deaf adults doi:10.1073/pnas.2532413123 2026-09-04T07:00:00Z Alexandra T. LevineKate YuenAndré GouwsAlex R. WadeAntony B. MorlandCharlotte CodinaDavid BuckleyHeidi A. Baselerahttps://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, North Yorkshire, United Kingdombhttps://ror.org/04m01e293York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, North Yorkshire, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/0003e4m70Experimental Medicine and Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, York YO10 5DD, North Yorkshire, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/04m01e293York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdomehttps://ror.org/05krs5044Orthoptics & Ophthalmology, School of Allied Health Professions, Pharmacy, Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TS, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532413123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532413123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534625123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceBees are central models in neuroscience, ecology, and evolution, yet most knowledge of their vision comes from a few species and often relies on indirect behavioral or anatomical inference. Here, we directly compare retinal physiology across ... Photoreceptor recordings reveal remarkable acuity in small solitary bees compared with larger species doi:10.1073/pnas.2534625123 2026-08-31T07:00:00Z Elisa RigosiSteven D. WiedermanDaniel GutiérrezDavid C. O’Carrollahttps://ror.org/012a77v79Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Swedenbhttps://ror.org/028g18b61School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534625123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534625123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536560123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe medial habenula (MHb) is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure implicated in fear and aversive behaviors. We found that the mouse MHb-interpeduncular nucleus pathway has functional left–right asymmetry. Synapses originating from the ... Asymmetrical modulation of fear expression via GABAB receptors in the mouse medial habenula doi:10.1073/pnas.2536560123 2026-08-31T07:00:00Z Cihan ÖnalPeter KoppensteinerMary MuhiaElodie Le MonnierRyuichi Shigemotoahttps://ror.org/03gnh5541Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536560123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536560123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536750123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceOxytocin and vasopressin are structurally similar neuropeptides that regulate diverse social behavior and homeostatic processes, often in a sex-dependent manner. Whether such sex-dependent functions arise from fundamental neural circuit ... Comparative atlas of PVN oxytocin and vasopressin systems reveals sex-conserved input–output wiring doi:10.1073/pnas.2536750123 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z Sara N. FredaYasmeen F. LoweMichael F. PriestDeanna BadongYuejun LiuLei XiaoYevgenia KozorovitskiyaDepartment of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536750123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536750123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603126123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn a world where a growing number of people regularly speak more than one language, understanding how bilingual experience shapes psychological processes becomes more relevant than ever. Language is the tool we use to express emotions, make ... Affect labeling down-regulates amygdala only in a dominant native language doi:10.1073/pnas.2603126123 2026-08-31T07:00:00Z Tatiana DavydovaLidón Marin MarinAnastasia CherednichenkoAlexander FenglerJesús Adrián VenturaMaría de los Ángeles Palomar GarcíaMarc-Lluís VivesVíctor Costumeroahttps://ror.org/02ws1xc11Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana 12071, Spainbhttps://ror.org/05gq02987Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USAchttps://ror.org/012a91z28Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel 44003, Spaindhttps://ror.org/027bh9e22Institute of Psychology, Social, Economic and Organisational Psychology Unit, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603126123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603126123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605279123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/> Preserved anticorrelated brain networks and prognostic stratification after traumatic brain injury doi:10.1073/pnas.2605279123 2026-08-28T07:00:00Z Zheyong JiaYitong ZhengYongxin Wangahttps://ror.org/01p455v08Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumchi City 830000, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605279123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605279123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607934123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceGlycosylation is a common modification of membrane proteins, yet the functional roles of individual endogenous glycans remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a single N-linked glycan on the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic ... A single extracellular glycan links AMPA receptor gating to synaptic plasticity and memory persistence doi:10.1073/pnas.2607934123 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z Ryosuke MidorikawaYoshihiko WakazonoSunita K. C. BasnetMunal Babu KandelTaku UchidaJyoji MoriseToru YoshiharaMasahide AsanoShogo OkaKogo Takamiyaahttps://ror.org/0447kww10Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japanbhttps://ror.org/0447kww10Laboratory of Biophysical Research, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japanchttps://ror.org/02kpeqv85Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japandhttps://ror.org/02kpeqv85Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japanehttps://ror.org/046f6cx68School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2607934123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607934123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608875123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe brain is organized into networks that support thought, emotion, and consciousness. While scientists have mapped these networks across the cerebral cortex for decades, connectivity of subcortical regions remains poorly understood. This gap ... Functional fractionation of large-scale brain networks in the human subcortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2608875123 2026-08-31T07:00:00Z Jian LiAlexander S. AtalayMark D. OlchanyiMorgan K. CambareriSatrajit S. GhoshAndreas HornLaura D. LewisEmery N. BrownBruce FischlHannah C. KinneyBrian L. Edlowahttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114bhttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129chttps://ror.org/00f54p054Neurosciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305dhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139ehttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142fhttps://ror.org/05qwgg493Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215ghttps://ror.org/042nb2s44McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139hDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114ihttps://ror.org/04b6nzv94Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115jhttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114khttps://ror.org/05mxhda18Institute for Network Stimulation, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germanylhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139mhttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114nhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139ohttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139phttps://ror.org/00dvg7y05Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608875123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608875123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610087123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceHeroin addiction develops in only a subset of users, yet the determinants of vulnerability versus resilience to addiction remain largely unknown. We combined a rat model capturing key features of heroin addiction, including binge-like heroin ... Brain metabolic correlates of heroin addiction severity during abstinence and heroin versus social seeking: A PET study in rats doi:10.1073/pnas.2610087123 2026-09-04T07:00:00Z Ginevra D’OttavioAlana SullivanEmma PilzIngrid SchoenbornOscar SolisJuan L. GomezThorsten KahntMichael MichaelidesYavin Shahamahttps://ror.org/00fq5cm18National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2610087123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610087123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618114123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 36, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceAnatomical location of a neuron, which is typically defined by the location of its cell body, is a major aspect of its identity. Since the location of cell bodies is consistent between individuals, we decided to ask what role cell body ... Cell body position of Drosophila Moonwalker Descending Neurons regulates locomotor circuit function doi:10.1073/pnas.2618114123 2026-09-02T07:00:00Z Kristen LeeJosmarie GracianiNatalie Rico CarvajalZhehao ZhuMatt Q. ClarkChris Q. Doeahttps://ror.org/0293rh119Biology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403bhttps://ror.org/0293rh119HHMI, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403chttps://ror.org/00fc1qt65Biology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 36 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2618114123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618114123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2419514123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceOne of the main aims of comparative studies of the brains of nonhuman primates, and chimpanzees in particular, is to understand the evolutionary basis of communication. Previous studies have shown that some captive chimpanzees intentionally ... Association between precentral gyrus morphology and modality-specific intentional communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) doi:10.1073/pnas.2419514123 2026-08-17T07:00:00Z Ophelie FoubetZhong Yi SunJean-François ManginChet C. SherwoodWilliam D. Hopkinsahttps://ror.org/00jjx8s55Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l‘énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gaia, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, Francebhttps://ror.org/00y4zzh67Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052cDivision of Discovery Science, Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative, Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2419514123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2419514123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518287123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding how the human brain coordinates activity across distant regions is central to explaining cognition and behavior. Most existing approaches study these interactions by tracking changes in signal strength, which can be strongly ... Uncovering dynamic human brain phase coherence networks doi:10.1073/pnas.2518287123 2026-08-26T07:00:00Z Anders S. OlsenAnders BrammerPatrick M. FisherMorten Mørupahttps://ror.org/04qtj9h94Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmarkbhttps://ror.org/05bpbnx46Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmarkchttps://ror.org/035b05819Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2518287123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518287123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532792123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceNeural systems achieve remarkable computational power with minimal resources, and the retina exemplifies this efficiency. A longstanding puzzle concerns the rod pathway—rod bipolar cells and AII amacrine cells comprise a large fraction of ... The rod bipolar cell pathway contributes to surround responses in OFF retinal ganglion cells doi:10.1073/pnas.2532792123 2026-08-24T07:00:00Z Giulia SpampinatoFrancesco TrapaniVictor Calbiague-GarciaThomas BuffetElaine OrendorffB. Semihcan SermetGuilhem GlaziouDeniz DalkaraEmiliano RonzittiEirini PapagiakoumouValentina EmilianiOlivier Marreahttps://ror.org/02en5vm52Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris 75012, FrancebRothschild Foundation Hospital, 29 rue Manin, Paris 75019, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532792123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532792123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533336123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe gut microbiome produces a wide array of metabolites that influence host physiology, yet how the host integrates multiple microbial signals to regulate complex physiological processes remains poorly understood. This study identifies a ... Enterochromaffin cells as a cellular integration hub for cooperative microbial signaling to modulate gut serotonin and motility doi:10.1073/pnas.2533336123 2026-08-24T07:00:00Z Yang XiaoTijs LouwiesRuben A. T. MarsLisa M. TillYash GuptaArnaldo Mercado-PerezAditya V. BhagwateShreya S. BellampalliAlejandro Stark QuirozPrabhjot K. SekhonVaidhvi SinghRongfang LiuLaura H. HeitmanDennis TienterMichael A. ThompsonKimberlee F. KossickEugene W. KruegerKrishna R. KalariKaitlyn R. HawkinsJeong-Heon LeeBrian S. EdwardsDaan van der EsConstanza AlcainoJulia L. E. WillettPreedajit WongkrasantChun-Jun GuoY. S. PrakashBrooke R. DrulinerTamas OrdogGianrico FarrugiaArthur BeyderKristen M. Smith-EdwardsPurna C. Kashyapahttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905bhttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905chttps://ror.org/04p491231Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033dhttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905eLeiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlandsfhttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905ghttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905hhttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Epigenomics Development Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905ihttps://ror.org/055vbxf86Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdomjhttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455khttps://ror.org/05bnh6r87Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021lhttps://ror.org/05bnh6r87Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533336123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533336123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534093123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe immense diversity of animal movements, and respective kinematic solutions, has obscured whether universal laws govern motor control. Our work advances this issue by providing a framework that compares motor solutions across species and ... Cross-species identification of conserved and divergent locomotor kinematic strategies using AutoGaitA doi:10.1073/pnas.2534093123 2026-08-24T07:00:00Z Mahan HosseiniInes KleinVeronika WunderleMoritz HausteinCarolin SemmlerAnn-Kathrin KramerMarianna TolveVlad MardareAna GalvaoTaylan D. KuzuChristian GrefkesTatiana KorotkovaAnsgar BüschgesGereon R. FinkPeter H. WeissSilvia DaunGraziana Gattoahttps://ror.org/02nv7yv05Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – Cognitive Neuroscience, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, GermanybDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germanychttps://ror.org/00rcxh774Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, GermanydInstitute of Systems Physiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germanyehttps://ror.org/04cvxnb49Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt and University Hospital, Frankfurt 60528, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534093123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534093123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603667123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificancePain is commonly assumed to reflect nociceptive processing, yet individuals differ markedly in whether identical sensory inputs are experienced as painful. Here we show that innocuous thermal stimulation produces primary mechanical and ... Nociceptive sensitization and pain perception are dissociable in humans doi:10.1073/pnas.2603667123 2026-08-26T07:00:00Z Matthew A. CormiePedram MouseliClizia MartiniKavita De SilvaIoana LauricOmar KhalilDavid A. SeminowiczMassieh Moayediahttps://ror.org/03dbr7087Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canadabhttps://ror.org/03dbr7087University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canadachttps://ror.org/02grkyz14Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canadadhttps://ror.org/042xt5161Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5V 2S8, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603667123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603667123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603685123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceEpisodic memory is often described as reinstating neural activity patterns from initial encoding, yet most evidence focuses on local patterns within individual brain regions. This region-centric view leaves unresolved how the brain ... Large-scale brain network reinstatement supports recognition memory doi:10.1073/pnas.2603685123 2026-08-26T07:00:00Z Jintao ShengJunle LiXiangli ZengJinhui Wangahttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304bhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304chttps://ror.org/00f54p054Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305dhttps://ror.org/01kq0pv72Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Chinaehttps://ror.org/01kq0pv72Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, Chinafhttps://ror.org/01kq0pv72Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Chinaghttps://ror.org/01kq0pv72Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Chinahhttps://ror.org/01kq0pv72Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603685123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603685123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603982123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceEarly life adversity is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, yet the biological mechanisms driving these conditions-and their distinct prevalence in men and women-remain poorly understood. By integrating robust behavioral phenotyping, ... Multilevel sex-influenced neurobiological signatures of early life adversity doi:10.1073/pnas.2603982123 2026-08-27T07:00:00Z Sowmya NarayanChristina BeerVeronika KovarovaCarlo CastoldiTibor StarkBeatrice Dal BiancoSimone RöhSusann SauerJoeri BordesStoyo KaramihalevShiladitya MitraPatricia Maidana MiguelBonnie AlberryDarina CzamaraPatricia P. SilveiraMichael CzischBianca SilvaElisabeth B. BinderMathias V. Schmidtahttps://ror.org/04dq56617Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germanybhttps://ror.org/04dq56617Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, GermanycInternational Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germanydhttps://ror.org/019tgvf94Neural Circuits of Emotional Memory, CNRS UMR7275, INSERM U1318, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne P789+P5, Franceehttps://ror.org/04dq56617Neuroimaging Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germanyfhttps://ror.org/04dq56617Emotion Research Department, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germanyghttps://ror.org/01pxwe438Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC CCV8+G2, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603982123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603982123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606671123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceCannabinoids, the active components of cannabis, lose efficacy after repeated use due to tolerance, limiting their therapeutic value and safety. Although short-term desensitization of cannabinoid receptors is well understood, the molecular ... Cannabinoid tolerance relies on CB1 receptor ubiquitination by NEDD4L doi:10.1073/pnas.2606671123 2026-08-25T07:00:00Z Alicia Álvaro-BlázquezRui S. RodriguesCarlos Montero-FernándezMarta IsasaAstrid CannichDoriane GisquetIgnacio Rodríguez-CrespoLuigi BellocchioGiovanni MarsicanoCarlos Costas-InsuaManuel GuzmánaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spainbhttps://ror.org/03fftr154Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid 28034, Spainchttps://ror.org/057qpr032Neurocentre Magendie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1215, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, FrancedProteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid 28029, Spainehttps://ror.org/00zca7903Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606671123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606671123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606900123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study demonstrates that deletion ofAnk3in adult excitatory neurons is sufficient to induce behavioral abnormalities resembling bipolar disorder-like phenotypes. Ankyrin-G loss reduces neuronal activity and leads to a striking ... Ank3 loss in adult forebrain excitatory neurons disrupts behavior, neuronal activity, membrane proteome, and myelination doi:10.1073/pnas.2606900123 2026-08-25T07:00:00Z Sehyoun YoonMarc Dos SantosNatalia KhalatyanJeffrey N. SavasPeter PenzesaDepartment of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611bDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611dDepartment of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611eCenter for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606900123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606900123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612369123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceReprogramming glia into neurons is a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases, yet these approaches have been developed almost exclusively in young animals. Because aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegeneration, ... Aging limits neuronal regeneration from glia in the mouse retina doi:10.1073/pnas.2612369123 2026-08-26T07:00:00Z Jugasmita DekaYing HanSucheta BhattacharyaSamantha SuttonGalina BachayWilliam J. BrunkenLevi Toddahttps://ror.org/040kfrw16Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210bhttps://ror.org/040kfrw16Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2612369123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612369123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612761123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceEfficient synaptic transmission depends on signaling pathways that regulate the trafficking and stabilization of neurotransmitter receptors at synapses. Here, we identify a chloride-sensitive signaling pathway involving the kinase WNK1 and its ... WNK-dependent phosphorylation of gephyrin tunes GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses and modulates anxiety behavior doi:10.1073/pnas.2612761123 2026-08-25T07:00:00Z Zaha MerlaudCelia DelhayeMargarida NabaisErwan PolTânia LimaYann VerdierZahra ImaniMarion RusseauNalia SambaMaelys TostainJuliette GouhierRomane RahirJoëlle VinhCorentin Le MagueresseMarika Nosten-BertrandSabine Léviahttps://ror.org/013cjyk83Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, Brain Plasticity Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 8249, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris 75005, Francebhttps://ror.org/02en5vm52INSERM UMR-S 1270, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, Francechttps://ror.org/013cjyk83Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, CNRS Unité d’Appui et de Recherche 2051, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris 75005, Francedhttps://ror.org/02en5vm52Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM Center of Neuroscience Neuro-Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, Franceehttps://ror.org/01c2cjg59Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris 75005, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2612761123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612761123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613593123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhile it is widely believed that the loss of calbindin1-negative (CALB1−) midbrain dopamine neurons underlies the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, their contribution to exploration, movement vigor, and motor learning have not ... Calbindin stratifies midbrain dopaminergic neurons governing distinct aspects of locomotion doi:10.1073/pnas.2613593123 2026-08-24T07:00:00Z Cyril BolducCameron OramSkylar DonovanHaleigh BachMartha LiuRafaëlle MarierMorgan SharpeSiqi LiuCédric CampeauCarl Duncan SpencerSarah A. MartinRajeshwar AwatramaniJean-François Poulinahttps://ror.org/01pxwe438Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, QuebecbDepartment of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613593123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613593123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613615123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificancePaclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a major clinical challenge without effective biomarkers or treatments. Here, we show that paclitaxel rapidly elevates specific unsaturated lysophospholipids in patient plasma, which activate the ... Lysophospholipid–TRPV1 interactions in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy doi:10.1073/pnas.2613615123 2026-08-26T07:00:00Z Saskia WedelAinara Claveras CabezudoOliver RauhElena OlkhovaChristian MüllerLisa HahnefeldRobert GurkeGerd GeisslingerGerhard HummerMarco Sisignanoahttps://ror.org/04cvxnb49Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germanybhttps://ror.org/02panr271Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt 60438, GermanycInternational Max Planck Research School on Cellular Biophysics, Frankfurt 60438, Germanydhttps://ror.org/04m2anh63Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach 53359, Germanyehttps://ror.org/01s1h3j07Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germanyfhttps://ror.org/04cvxnb49Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613615123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613615123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614164123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn this study, we use an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-induced longitudinal macaque model of Alzheimer’s disease to examine early changes in behavior, neuronal population activity, and pathology. Our findings suggest that early disease is ... Loss of neuronal population organization links pathology to behavior in a model of Alzheimer’s disease doi:10.1073/pnas.2614164123 2026-08-25T07:00:00Z Douglas A. RuffDrew E. G. SheetsRamanujan SrinathGiovanne B. DinizDevon J. GriggsDanielle BeckmanSean OttKayla SchwartzCarissa T. EricesScott MullerJeffrey H. KordowerJohn H. MorrisonMarlene R. Cohenahttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bhttps://ror.org/05rrcem69California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616chttps://ror.org/03efmqc40Arizona State University - Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281dhttps://ror.org/05rrcem69Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95825 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2614164123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614164123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616911123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/>SignificanceTraditionally associated with motor control, the cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in cognition. Yet how cerebellar cortical circuits can sustain evidence accumulation without assuming dense cortical-style local excitatory ... Cerebellar microcircuits enable robust evidence-based decisions through cortico–cerebellar coupling doi:10.1073/pnas.2616911123 2026-08-27T07:00:00Z Yeyao BaoLiao YuLiangfu LuZhuoqin YangYunliang Zangahttps://ror.org/012tb2g32Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, Chinabhttps://ror.org/012tb2g32State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Medical Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, Chinachttps://ror.org/00wk2mp56School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2616911123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616911123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2627926123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 35, September 2026. <br/> Correction for Huang and Dong, From a beautiful circuit to a viable therapy: Addressing the translational chasm in acupuncture-based neuromodulation doi:10.1073/pnas.2627926123 2026-08-24T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 35 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2627926123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2627926123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag261?af=R PNAS Nexus, Volume 5, Issue 9, August 2026. <br/>Qualia, the subjective qualities of experience, pose a fundamental challenge to scientific explanation. A promising approach is to characterize qualia by their relational structures rather than their intrinsic nature. Assuming the structure of qualia is ... Principal bundle geometry of qualia: Understanding the quality of consciousness from symmetry doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag261 2026-09-08T07:00:00Z Masafumi OizumiChanseok LimRyota KanaiStephen Fleming PNAS Nexus 5 9 2026-08-29T07:00:00Z 2026-08-29T07:00:00Z 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag261 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag261?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285?af=R PNAS Nexus, Volume 5, Issue 9, August 2026. <br/>Understanding how intrinsic brain dynamics are organized is critical for explaining cognition and sensory processing. Theoretical frameworks propose a hierarchical architecture in which some neural systems behave as orchestrators, broadcasting ... Neural integrator and orchestrator communities shape spontaneous signaling in the human brain doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285 2026-08-24T07:00:00Z Lorenzo PiniRanieri DugoPaolo PigatoMaurizio CorbettaAndrey Abramov PNAS Nexus 5 9 2026-08-29T07:00:00Z 2026-08-29T07:00:00Z 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag285?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag296?af=R PNAS Nexus, Volume 5, Issue 9, August 2026. <br/>External calcium ([Ca2+]e) and magnesium ([Mg2+]e) concentrations fluctuate across physiological and pathological brain states. For example, [Ca2+]edecreases during intense neuronal activity and epilepsy, whereas it rises during sleep. Similarly, [Mg2+]... Divalent cation depletion enhances intrinsic neuronal excitability through CaSR-dependent modulation of threshold ion channels doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag296 2026-09-01T07:00:00Z Konstantina MylonakiMatías Alvarez-SaavedraMichaël RussierDominique DebanneSalvatore IncontroAndrey Abramov PNAS Nexus 5 9 2026-08-29T07:00:00Z 2026-08-29T07:00:00Z 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag296 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag296?af=R