Sahaj steno সহজ স্টেনো

Chapter 27

2023-05-16T11:07:00.001-07:00

Practice set

Having conquered almost the entire Europe, except Britain Germany attacked the Soviet Union, despite the Non-Aggression Pact, on 22 June 1941. As mentioned before, Hitler had always coveted the vast territory and resources of the Soviet Union. He thought that the destruction of the Soviet Union would take about eight weeks. Hitler had grossly underestimated the strength of the Soviet Union. In the first phase of the war with the Soviet Union, Germany, achieved significant victories Vast areas of the Soviet Union ware devastated, Leningrad was besieged and German troops were marching towards Moscow. However, in spite of the initial German successes, the German onslaught was halted. The Soviet Union had built up her industrial and military strength. She resisted the German invasion heroically and the German hopes of a quick victory were thwarted.

With the German invasion of the Soviet Union, a new vast theater of war had been opened. An important development that followed was the emergence the British Soviet-American unity to fight against aggression. Soon after the invasion, Churchill and Roosevelt declared British and American support, respectively, to the Soviet Union in the war against Germany and promised aid to her. Subsequently, agreements were signed between the Soviet Union and Britain, and Soviet Union and USA. It was as a result of this unity that Germany, Italy and Japan were ultimately defeated.

Chapter 25 practice set

2023-05-14T11:45:00.000-07:00

Practice set 1

The language of-the young barrister in-the case was most stately, and it-must have influenced both judge and jury. It almost looked as-if-the case was lost at-the first, because of-the calm way in-which-the opposing counsel set out to state-the facts for-his side. But-the young barrister faced the test fairly, and-his language and style, though different, showed him to be a master of-law and logic. We-shall watch his career at-the bar, and-we-think he-must succeed because of-his abilities.

Practice set 2

Dear-Sir,

Thank-you for-yours of-the first of April, and-for mailing me your price-lists and samples of blue and black inks and glue in-the several sizes of bottles. I- think-the labels are better and brighter now. I-shall give-the samples a fair trial during-the next few weeks, and, if suitable, I-may-be able to stock a large number of-the smaller sizes. As I-think-you know, my principal business is with legal offices, and, as you-will agree, it-is essential to offer them only first-class inks.

Yours-truly,

Practice set 3

Have-you ever noticed what useful lessons you-may. receive through a shrewd look at-the faces of the people you come across in travelling? You-will-see in-them humour and gloom: generosity and miserable stingi- ness; pluck and nervous fear; wisdom and simplicity. You-will-notice the drinker and-the abstainer; the hopeful and-the fearful; the clever talker and-the bore; the flighty and-the modest; the pilferer and-the honest fellow; the loafer and-the worker. Five minutes in a tramway car may offer us many lessons if-we care to- take them

Practice set 4

We-are surprised to know from your favour of-the sixth of August of the extremely long delay in-the delivery of-the Surrey and Gloucestershire books. So far as-we-can discover, there-is-no very clear reason for-the delay. We-have looked into-the case, as you- may-be-sure, and it-is still a mystery. Mr. Strong, our dispatch clerk, expressly disclaims any blame, but, if- possible, he-will take more care with-the books still to-come. He-will personally supervise the addressing of-the parcels. By-the way, we hope to-have-the new Uxbridge book ready very soon. It-will-be in-the same style as our classical library.

Answer key

Chapter 26 practice set

2023-05-14T11:40:00.003-07:00

Transform into longhand

Practice set 1

Practice set 2

Legal Matter 4

2022-10-16T10:41:00.000-07:00

Legal Matter 4

The case of the petitioner/husband is that:

O.P./ wife has filed an application praying for maintenance being Mies. Case 124 of 2015.

Petitioner/husband has handed over the power to conduct the said case on behalf of him to his concerned Ld. Advocate as it would be difficult for him to conduct the case by appearing physically on each and every date due to the long distance between his residence and the Court.

Allegedly the said concerned Ld. Advocate of the petitioner/ husband did not take proper step after filing of the W/O which resulted into ex-parte order passed against the petitioner/ husband.

After being acquainted with the said fact the petitioner / husband sought legal advice and according to the advice of his concerned Ld. Advocate he has filed a Criminal Revision Application being No. 04/17 before the Ld. ADJ.

The petitioner/ husband admittedly being an educated person and having no legal acumen misguided by his Ld. Advocate and his concerned Ld. Advocate could not apprise him about the fate of the Criminal Revision being No. 04/17 and as such he has filed the present case for setting aside the ex-parte order. It is pleaded by the petitioner husband that the OP/ wife has married for the second time with one person namely, Sk. Anarul Haque after obtaining Talak from the petitioner/ husband and as such the OP/ wife has no right to get maintenance.

Thus, the petitioner/ husband has prayed for necessary order to allow him to contest the original case being no. Misc. 124 of 2015 by setting aside the ex-parte decree passed on 28.10.16.

Key words ⬇️

Easy matter 4

2022-10-09T03:30:00.002-07:00

Easy matter 4

One day, an old fox was sitting near a river bank. A goat came there to drink water. The fox asked the goat to give him some water to drink. The goat took mercy on him and came near him with water. But the fox was very wicked, he attacked her. The goat was very strong, she escaped from there.

After a few minutes, a deer came there to quench his thirst. The fox tried to attack him too, but the deer was very swift and strong, he also escaped.

Thereafter, a sheep came there grazing. The wicked fox tried to trap the sheep. But the sheep said, "You wicked fox! You better die in thirst. Though your condition is so miserable, you are not out of your wickedness. I saw you trapping the goat and the deer. I will not fall prey to you.' Saying this, she ran away swiftly. Moral: Always be tactful with the wicked people.

Legal Matter 4

2022-10-02T09:35:00.005-07:00

Legal Matter 4

Seen the petition of complaint and the prosecution report along with forwarding report, arrest memo., personal search, inspection memo., statement of accused and medical slip filed by the R.P.F. Bolpur.

The accused persons, namely,, Bablu Sharma & Nasim Sk. are brought under arrest. They are taken into custody and remanded to J/c till 08.01.2018.

The accused persons filed a petition along with vokalatnam with a prayer for granting bail on the ground stated therein.

Perused the case record. Heard both sides. Considering the nature and circumstances of the case I am inclined to enlarge the accused pesons on bail. Accordingly the prayer for bail is allowed. The accused may find a bail of Rs.1000/- with one registered surety of like amount. Id. to J.C. If on bail to date for appearance.

Let a report be called for from the I.O. regarding return of seized articles by the date fixed.

Legal Matter 3

2022-10-02T09:22:00.002-07:00

Legal Matter 3.

The petitioner has claimed pre-emption on the ground of Co-ownership as well by virtue of being a contiguous land owner. My foregoing discussions categotically reveal that the petitioner is a co-sharer as well as a contiguous land owner. Section 8 of the W.B.L.R. Act, 1955 mandates that the notified co-sharers are required to apply for preemption as co-sharers within a period of three months of the transfer of land from the date of service of notice.

The Hon'ble Court, in Adhir Kumar Guchait vs. Maya Rani Majhi reported in 2009 (4) CHN 597, expounded that Section 5(5) of the West Bengal Land Reforms Act, 1955 does not contemplate service of notice upon the adjoining land owner. It is also not provided in the said Act that the adjoining land owner will get benefit in case of non-service. In case of pre-emption, non-notified co-sharers and raiyats owning land adjacent to the plot of land which has been transferred, do not stand in the same position and the benefit available to the co-sharer raiyat cannot be claimed by the adjoining land owner.

It is manifest from Exhibit-A that the registration of the deed in question was completed on 06/02/1997 as per the provision of sec. 61 of the Registration Act while the application for pre-emption was filed on 21/05/1997. Thus, the impugned application, in the capacity of a contiguous land owner is definitely filed within the limitation period. Having said that, it would not be out of place to discuss the proposition of law with regard to a non-notified co-sharer and the period of limitation contemplated therefor.

Admittedly, no notice under section 5(5) of the W.B.L.R. Act, 1955, was served upon the petitioner prior to transfer of the property in question. The Hon'ble Court in Fuzle Hakani vs. Sk. Arsed Ali reported in 89 CWN 1081, held that where no notice of transfer on a co-sharer was served as contemplated by Section 5(5) of the WBLR Act, 1955, the period of limitation of three months for filing a pre-emption application as prescribed by Section 8 of the said Act was not applicable. This court is also fortified in this view by judicial pronouncements in Ram Kumar Kajaria-vs.-M/s. Chandra Engineering (India) Ltd. reported in 76 CWN 426 Dwijapada Haldar vs. Prafulla Chandra Haldar, reported in AIR 1972 Cal 409 and in Gangadhar Bhandari vs. Lalmohon Mukherjee reported in (1978) 1 CLJ 451. The law is also well settled that Section 5 of the Limitation Act does not apply to proceedings under Section 8 of the West Bengal Land Reforms Act.

In the case of Ajit Mondal vs. Tapan Kumar Ghana, (2013) 3 WBLR (Cal) 194, the Hon'ble Court observed that a petition under section 8 of the Act should be regarded as a plaint in a suit and as a consequence, Article 137 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act will have no manner of application thereto. The Hon'ble Court further observed that in case of a co-sharer of a transferor raiyat to whom the substantive right under section 8 of the WBLR Act has been extended, the period of limitation would not start to run if no notice has been served and if despite exercise of due diligence by such co-sharer, the factum of the transfer remained unknown to such co-sharer by reason of any fraud perpetrated on such co- sharer or on account of any mistake. But upon the period of limitation beginning to run, the co-sharer of a transferor right in the relevant plot of land will have a period of three months within which the right conferred on him under section 8 of the WBLR Act has to be exercised.

Legal Matter 2

2022-10-02T05:43:00.006-07:00

(1) If a portion or share of a plot of land of a raiyat is transferred to any person other than a co-sharer of a raiyat in the plot of land, the bargadar in the plot of land may, within three months of the date of such transfer, or any co-sharer of a raiyat in the plot of land may, within three months of the service of the notice given under sub- section (5) of section 5, or any raiyat possessing land adjoining such plot of land may, within four months of the date of such transfer, apply to the Munsif having territorial jurisdiction, for transfer of the said portion or share of the plot of land to him, subject to the limit mentioned in section 14M, on deposit of the consideration money together with a further sum of ten per cent of that amount:

(2) Nothing in this section shall apply to-

(a) a transfer by exchange or by partition, or

(b) a transfer by bequest or gift, or hiba-bil-ewaz, or

(d) a transfer for charitable or religious purposes or both without reservation of any pecuniary benefit for any individual, or

(e) a transfer of land in favour of a bargadar in respect of such land if after such transfer, the transferee holds as a raiyat land not exceeding one acre in area in the aggregate."

(3) Every application pending before a Revenue Officer at the commencement of section 7 of the West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1972 shall, on such commencement, stand transferred to, and disposed of by, the Munsif having jurisdiction in relation to the area in which the land is situated and on such transfer every such application shall be dealt with from the stage at which it was so transferred and shall be disposed of in accordance with the provision of this Act, as amended by the West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1972."

Revision of rules

2022-09-27T10:28:00.003-07:00

Revision of rules

1. There are six long vowels, represented by a heavy dot and dash, and six corresponding short vowels, represented by a light dot and dash.

2. The vowels are called first-place, second-place, and third-place vowels, respectively.

3. The vowel-places are called first-, second-, and third places respectively, and vowel-signs are put in the places which correspond with their numbers.

4. Vowel-places are counted from the point at which the stroke begins.

5. The order of reading vowel-signs with their strokes is: with downstrokes and upstrokes, from left to right; with horizontal strokes, from top to bottom. Thus:

before \ after

before ן after

before ／after

6. In writing a word, the word-form is written first and then the vowel-sign.

Summary

7. FIRST-PLACE and SECOND-PLACE Vowel-signs when occurring between two strokes are written after the first stroke; THIRD-PLACE Vowel-signs are written before the second stroke.

8.The position of an outline is governed by the first sounded vowel in the word.

9. A grammalogue is a frequently-occurring word represented by a single sign. The sign for a grammalogue is called a logogram.

10. The full stop is indicated by a small cross, x; the dash by; mark of interrogation and mark of exclamation by? and respectively.

11. Two short lines underneath an outline indicate an initial capital.

12.The consonant r initially is written downward if a vowel precedes, and upward if a vowel does not precede.

13. The consonant r finally is written upward if a vowel follows, and downward if no vowel follows. Downward is written before m.

14. The consonant h standing alone, or followed by k or g, is written downward; in other cases the upward form is written.

15.The four diphthongs are i, ow, oi, û. The diphthongs i and oi are put in the first vowel place; and ow and u in the third vowel-place.

16. A diphthong may be joined to a stroke where convenient. A small tick attached to a diphthong-sign indicates the addition of a vowel to the diphthong.

17. Initial w before k, g, m, r, is represented by a right semicircle.

18. Phraseography is the name given to the principle of joining word-forms together. The outline thus obtained is called a phraseogram.

19. The following must be carefully noted

(a) Awkward joinings must be avoided.

(b) The first word-form in a phraseogram must occupy its own position. A first-position word form may, however, be raised or lowered to permit of a following stroke being written above, on or through the line.

20. The word the may be expressed by a light slanting tick joined to a preceding character and written either downward or upward. The tick for the is never used initially.

21. A small circle used initially represents s only; medially and finally it represents s or z.

22. The circle s is written outside angles, inside curves, and with the left motion to straight strokes not forming an angle.

23. An initial circle is always read first; a final circle is always read last.

24. The stroke l, immediately preceding or following a circle attached to a curve, is written in the same direction as the circle.

25. The circle s may be added to stroke logograms.

26. A large initial circle represents sw.

26. A large medial or final circle represents the light or heavy sound of s-s with an intervening vowel.

27. Where a root word ends with stroke s, the plural, possessive, or third person singular is formed by the addition of the circle s.

28. Where a root word ends with a circles, the plural, possessive, or the third person singular is formed by the use of the large circle ses.

29. A few words ending in s-s are written with the circle and stroke, or with the stroke and circle, to distinguish them from words in which the large circle is employed.

30. The sw circle is used in phrases like as well as, as we know; and the ss circle in phrases like it is said, in this city.

Revisionary Exercise 1

2022-09-23T10:46:00.000-07:00

Revisionary Exercise 1

If-you-can put me up for a week in August, I-shall-be ready to-go and stay with-you. You-can-have as much walking as you-like. I-shall-be at-your disposal at almost any hour, and-as I-am a rare walker myself, I-think I-can say you-will-have all-the exercise you wish, You ought-to be a different fellow when I-leave, if-you will-be influenced by-me. I-think I-can give-you a mile in six and beat you. I-have-had some talk with young Lord Robson several-times in-the past week, and he says you-can-do five miles an hour. Those-who saw you last autumn and-know what you-can-do, all say-the same thing. This-is all I-know as to-your form. But we-shall-see for ourselves. I-think-you-will own I-am far beyond you in speed. It-will-be a case of each for himself and-the race to-the faster of-the two. Oh, I-know I-shall beat you, unless you-are faster this year. Those who think poorly of-themselves only induce those who know them to-think-the same. I speak for-myself, because I-know myself. I-can say a deal on-this subject, and-I usually do-so. You ask why I-have stayed away so-long. The answer is business keeps me away. When would-you like me to-come? The best of luck to-you and to-the rest of-the family! It-will-be nice to see them all, though I-saw most of-them a month or-two ago.

(283 words)

Easy matter 3

2022-06-25T23:57:00.003-07:00

Easy matter 3

A fox was hungry. While roaming she reached a garden where there was a grapevine. She saw many bunches of grapes hanging on a vine. Her mouth watered. She wanted to eat the grapes. She said, "These grapes look very sweet and juicy." She jumped again and again to reach the same, but in vain. She wished that if the grapevine was a little low, she could easily reach it. She relaxed for a moment. Then she tried to jump again. This time she jumped higher than before, but still she could not reach the grapes. Soon she got tired and went her way saying, "The grapes are sour. I don't like eating sour grapes."

Moral: Don't find fault with what you cannot acquire.

Easy matter 2

2022-06-25T09:45:00.002-07:00

Easy matter 2

Once few hunters went to a jungle to hunt. They chased a deer but none of the hunters could shoot the same. When the deer was out of site, they decided to rest under a huge tree.

The deer was hiding behind some bushy plants, a little away from the hunters. Feeling hungry he began to eat the leaves from the bush. Due to the movement, it did not take long for the hunters to know that the deer was hiding behind the bush. Suddenly, one of the hunters caught sight of the deer and shot an arrow towards him. The deer fell on the ground and realised, "Why did I eat those bushes which protected me from the hunters?"

Legal matter 1

2022-06-23T09:31:00.003-07:00

Legal Matter 1

In shorthand with outline.

Seen the petition of complaint and the prosecution report along with forwarding report, arrest memo., personal search, statement of accused, inspection memo. and medical slip filed by the R.P.F. Bolpur.

The accused Mumtaz Ali is brought under arrest. He is taken into custody and remanded to J/c till 18.01.2018. No bail petition is filed on behalf of the accused.

Let the case be registered as complaint. Cognizance is taken.

Perused the case record. Heard both sides. The offences are Magistrate triable in nature. Considering the nature and circumstances of the case I am inclined to enlarge the accused on bail. The accused may find a bail of Rs.1000/- with one registered surety of like amount. Id. to J.C. If on bail to date for appearance

Easy matters for beginners (I)

2022-06-23T02:33:00.006-07:00

Easy matters for beginners. 1

1. Dog is a faithful animal.

2. We live in India.

3. India is a vast country.

4. Schools are great place.

5. Grass is green.

6. Trees are our true friend.

7.The Sun is star.

8. Rat is small but elephant is big.

9. Football is a team game.

10. Monsoon has arrived. It is raining now.

Try it yourself:

There was a crow. It was thirsty. It moved here and there but couldn't find water. Finally it found a pitcher where there was little water. But water was at the bottom of the pitcher. It found some pebbles. Then it dropped one by one inside the pitcher. As a result water lavel rose high and it drank water.

Easy matter 1

All shorthand rules in brief.

2022-06-08T01:10:00.006-07:00

All shorthand rules in brief.

➡️শর্টহ্যান্ড উচ্চারনের উপর ভিত্তি করে লেখা হয়।

➡️consonant এর উচ্চারণ গুলি হল -💠 P, B,T,CH, J, K, G

💠F, V, TH (ith, thee), S, Z, SH,ZH

💠M,N,NG, L, R,H,W,Y

➡️Vowel এর উচ্চারণগুলি হল -

💠আ এ ই

💠অ ও উ

➡️1st ও 2nd place Vowel গুলি লেখার ক্ষেত্রে প্রথম Stroke এর পারে লেখা হয় ৷ 3rd place এর Vowel গুলি 2nd Stroke এর আগে একেবারে শেষে লেখা হয় ৷

➡️R-এর পূর্বে Vowel Sound থাকলে Downward R ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

➡️শব্দের সবশেষে R থাকে ও তার পূর্বে Vowel Sound থাকলে সাধারণত Up Ward R ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

➡️M এর পরে সর্বদা Downward R ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

➡️H-এর পারে K ও G থাকলে বা শব্দটি Standalone হলে Downward H ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

➡️দুটি Vowel একসঙ্গে উচ্চারিত হলে তাকে Dipthong বলে ৷

আই ( I ) অই ( Ol) আও (OW ) ইউ (U)

➡️Dipthong চিহ্নটি Consonant stroke এর সাথে যোগ করা যায় ৷

➡️তিনটি Vowel একসঙ্গে উচ্চারিত হলে তাকে TriPhone বলে এক্ষেত্রে Dipthong চিহের সাথে একটি ছোট Tick যোগ করা হয় ৷

➡️K,G, M, R এর পূর্বে W Sound বোঝানোর জন্য Right Semi circle ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

➡️একাধিক শব্দ একসঙ্গে লেখা হলে তাকে Phraseography বলে ৷

➡️অনেক ক্ষেত্রে S ও Z ঝোঝানোর জন্য small cirele ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

💠Curve Stroke থাকলে Curve এর ভিতরের দিকে লেখা হয়।

💠দুটি Straight Stroke থাকলে Stroke এর কোনের বাইরে লেখা হয় ৷

💠Straight Stroke কোনো Angle তৈরী না করলে Left Motion এ লেখা হয়।

💠শব্দের একেবারে প্রথমে বা একেবারে শেষে কোনো Vowel Sound থাকলে ' S ' এর Stroke ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

💠s-এর ঠিক পরেই Triphone থাকলে S এর Stroke ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

💠s-এর ঠিক পরেই কোনো Vowel বা S বা Z থাকলে Stroke ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

💠_ 'Ous ' syllable একেবারে শেষে থাকলে তার আগে Dipthong Sound থাকলে ' s' এর Stroke ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

➡️শব্দের শুরুতে SW বোঝানোর জন্য Large cirele ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

➡️শব্দের মাঝে SS বোঝানোর জন্য Large circle ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

Rules in English

1. FIRST-PLACE and SECOND-PLACE vowel-signs when occurring between two strokes are written after the first stroke; THIRD-PLACE vowel-signs are written before the second stroke.

2. The position of an outline is governed by the first sounded vowel in the word.

3. A grammalogue is a frequently-occurring represented by a single sign. The sign for a grammalogue is called a logogram. word

4. The full stop is indicated by a small cross, x; the dash by; mark of interrogation and mark of exclamation by and respectively. ļ

5. Two short lines underneath an outline indicate an initial capital.

DIPHTHONGS.

6. The four diphthongs are i, ow, oi, û.

7. The diphthongs i and oi are put in the first vowelplace; and ow and û in the third vowel-place. 8. A diphthong may be joined to a stroke where convenient.

9. A small tick attached to a diphthong-sign indicates the addition of a vowel to the diphthong.

10. Initial w before k, g, m, r, is represented by a right semicircle.

11. Phraseography is the name given to the principle of joining word-forms together. The outline thus obtained is called a phraseogram

12. The following must be carefully noted(a) Awkward joinings must be avoided. (b) The first word-form in a phraseogram must occupy its own position. A first-position wordform may, however, be raised or lowered to permit of a following stroke being written above, on or through the line.

13. The word the may be expressed by a light slanting tick joined to a preceding character and written either downward or upward. The tick for the is never used initially.

14. A small circle used initially represents s only; medially and finally it represents s or z. 2. The circles is written outside angles, inside curves, and with the left motion to straight strokes not forming an angle.

15. An initial circle is always read first; a final circle is always read last.

16. The stroke , immediately preceding or following a circle attached to a curve, is written in the same direction as the circle.

17. The circle s may be added to stroke logograms.

18. The stroke s or z must be written

a. When a vowel precedes initial s or follows final s or z.

b. When initial s is immediately followed by a vowel and another s or z.

c. When initials is immediately followed by a triphone.

d. When the final syllable -ous is preceded by a diphthong.

e. When the word is a compound like sea-mew, saw-bench.

f. When the word is a derivative like unceasing, unassailed, where the stroke would be written in the root word.

19. A large initialcircle represents sw.

20. A large medial or final circle represents the light or heavy sound of s-s with an intervening vowel.

21. Where a root word ends with stroke s, the plural, possessive, or third person singular is formed by the addition of the circle s.

22. Where a root word ends with a circle s, the plural, possessive, or the third person singular is formed by the use of the large circle ses.

23. A few words ending in s-s are written with the circle and stroke, or with the stroke and circle, to distinguish them from words in which the large circle is employed.

24. The sw circle is used in phrases like as well as, as we know; and the ss circle in phrases like it is said, in this city.

নীচে দেখুন -

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Adding R, L, N, F with consonants

2021-09-25T08:59:00.002-07:00

Adding R, L, N, F with consonants

শব্দের শুরুতে আর( R) ও এল ( L) যোগ

👉১. Straight stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে শব্দের শুরুতে R - Sound বোঝানোর জন্য Right motion এ হুক যোগ করা হয়৷

👉২. Straight stroke এরক্ষেত্রে শব্দের শুরুতে Left motion হুক যোগ করে L-Sound ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

👉৩. Curve Stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে stroke এর শুরুতে ছোট হুক যোগ করে R - বোঝানো হয়।

👉৪. Curve Stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে stroke এর শুরুতে বড় হুক যোগ করে L - বোঝানো হয়।

শব্দের শেষে N ও F যোগ

👉১. শব্দের শেষে N বোঝানোর জন্য Straighit Stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে Right motion এ হুক যোগ করা হয় Stroke এর শেষে।

👉২. Curve Stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে Stroke এর শেষে হুক যোগ করে N বোঝানো হয়।

👉৩. Straighit Stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে Left motion এ হুক যোগ করে শব্দের শেষে F বোঝানো হয়।

👉৪. Curve Stroke এর কোনো F বা v হুক হয় না।

Loop ST and STR

2021-05-22T02:17:00.002-07:00

Chapter 11

Loop ST and STR

১. শব্দের শুরুতে বা শেষে ST উচ্চারন বোঝানোর জন্য Stroke এর ১/২ দৈঘ্যের LOOP ব্যবহার করা হয়।

২. ST Loop 'zd ' উচ্চারনের ক্ষেত্রেও ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

৩. STR -এর উচ্চারণ বোঝানোর জন্য Loop ব্যবহার করা হয় যা Stoke এর দৈর্ঘ্যের ১/৩ অংশ হয়।

৪. ST উচ্চারনের পরে কোনো Vowel থাকলে LOOP ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।

নীচের উদাহরণ গুলি দেখুন: -

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Phraseography

2021-05-22T00:48:00.007-07:00

Chapter 10

Phraseography

Phrase হল কয়েকটি শব্দ যা সম্পূর্ন বাক্য প্রকাশ করে না ৷

Phrase আমরা লেখার সময় আমরা পেন বা পেনসিল না তুলে একেবারে লিখব ৷

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Chapter 9. Large circle

2021-04-10T04:23:00.005-07:00

Chapter 9

Large circle

SW SS SZ

১. শব্দের শুরুতে SW Sound বোঝানোর জন্য Large circle ব্যবহার করা হয়।

২. শব্দের মাঝে SS বা SZ Sound বোঝানোর জন্য Large cincle ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

৩. মূল শব্দে যদি s-এর Stroke ব্যবহার করা হয় তবে সেই সব শব্দের plural form বা Possessive form এর ক্ষেত্রে large Stroke ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।

chapter 8. Small circle

2021-04-03T04:23:00.004-07:00

Chapter 8

Small circle

Circle S and Z

S বা Z Sound বোঝানোর জন্য Small circle (O) ব্যবহার করা হয়। কিন্তু শব্দের শুরুতে Z sound বোঝানোর জন্য z-এর Stroke ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

👉circle -S

১. Curve Stroke এর ভিতরে লেখা হয়।
২. দুটি Straight থাকলে যে কোন (angle) তৈরী হয় তার বাইরের দিকে লেখা হয় |
৩. অনান্য straight stroke এর ক্ষেত্রে Left Motion এ লেখা হয়।
🙋 ৪. s-এর ঠিক আগে কোনো Vowel Sound থাকলে s-এর Stroke ব্যবহার করতে হবে, small circle হবে না।
৫. শব্দের শেষে S বা Z এর পর কোনো Vowel থাকলে s বা z এর Stroke ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

নীচে উদাহরণ গুলি লক্ষ্য করুন -

Chapter 7 Dipthongs

2021-04-02T11:32:00.004-07:00

Chapter 7

Dipthongs

দুটি Vowel একসঙ্গে উচ্চারিত হলে তাকে Dipthong বলে।

একটা লাইন যদি বলি-

Cow Boy Tie পরে Duty করছে ৷

এই উপরের লাইন থেকে ৪টি শব্দ বেছে নিচ্ছি ৷

Tie, Cow, Boy, Duty

১. Tie ➡️ I (আই)➡️ Ist position এ বসবে➡️ Stroke above the line হবে

২. Cow➡️ow (আও)➡️ 3rd position এ বসবে➡️ Stroke across the line হবে

৩. Boy➡️ O ৷ (অয়)➡️ 1st position এ বসবে➡️ Stroke above the line হবে

৪. Duty➡️ U (ইউ)➡️ 3rd position এ বসবে➡️ Stroke across the line হবে

নীচের উদাহরন গুলি লক্ষ্য করুন -

A.👉 Dipthong sign Stroke এর সঙ্গে যোগ করেও লেখা হয়।

B.👉 Dipthong এর সঙ্গে অতিরিক্ত একটি Vowel Sound থাকলে, তাকে

Triphone বলে ৷ এটি বোঝানোর জন্য অতিরক্ত একটি Tick যোগ করা হয়।

C.👉K, G, M, R এর পূর্বে শুরুতে w Sound বোঝানোর জন্য right Semi circle ব্যবহার করা হয়।

দুই বা তার বেশী শব্দকে একসঙ্গে লেখাকে ( without lifting Pen or Pencil) . Phraseography বলে।

Chapter 6. Uses of R and H

2021-04-02T05:24:00.002-07:00

Chapter 6

Uses of R and H (upward and downward)

১. সাধারনত R এর পূর্বে কোনো Vowel Sound থাকলে Downward R ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷

২. R-এর পর কোনো Vowel Sound থাকলে Upward R ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

৩. R-এর পরে M থাকলে Downward R ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

৪. H-এর ঠিক পরেই K,G থাকলে বা H - standalone থাকলে Downward H ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷ অনান্য ক্ষেত্রে সাধারনত Upward -H ব্যবহার করা হয়।

নীচের উদাহরন গুলি দেখুন :-

Grammalogues 2

Chapter 5. Uses of Vowels

2021-03-29T21:49:00.005-07:00

Uses of Vowels

a.আ- Dot (.)- 1st place - above the line

b. এ-Dot (.)- 2nd place - on the line

C. ই-Dot (.)- 3rd place - Across the line

d. অ- Dash (-) -1st place - above the line

e. ও-Dash (-) -2nd place - on the line

f. উ-Dash (-) -3rd place - Across the line

নীচের উদাহরণ গুলি দেখুন -

Full Stop(.), Question Mark (?), Exclamation mark (!) ইত্যাদি Short Hand ত্র লেখার জন্য বিশেষ কতগুলি চিহ্ন ব্যবহার করা হয়৷

বেশ কিছু শব্দ বহুল পরিমানে ব্যবহার করা হয় ৷ এগুলিকে Grammalogues বলা হয় ৷

Grammalogues -1

And, should ছাড়া বাকী সব Downward.

CHAPTER 4. Vowels

2021-03-29T20:59:00.005-07:00

Vowels

সহজে Vowel মনে রাখার জন্য নীচের দুটি লাইন মনে রাখতে হবে -

১.আম এল ইদে ৷

২.অত ওজন উটে ৷

প্রথম লাইনের প্রতি শব্দের প্রথম অক্ষর গুলি যদি লিখি তাহলে পাচ্ছি -

1. আ 2.এ 3. ই

এই তিনটি Vowel কে আমরা ( .) Dot দিয়ে বোঝাব ৷

২য় লাইনের প্রতিশব্দের প্রথম অক্ষর থেকে পাচ্ছি -

1. অ 2. ও 3. উ

এই তিনটি Vowelকে আমরা (-) Dash দিয়ে বোঝাবো ৷

Vowel এর Position

1. Above the line- Ist position

2. on the line - 2nd Position

3. Through the line- 3rd Position

কখনও কখনও 'অ্যা ' উচ্চারন পেলে 'আ' ধরেই করবে ৷

লেখার সুবিধার জন্যে 3rd Place এর Vowel গুলি 2nd Stroke আগে বসানো হয়।

Chapter 5

Chapter 3. Different positions of strokes

2021-03-29T03:10:00.006-07:00

Different positions of strokes

Line এর সাপেক্ষে Stroke এর বিভিন্ন অবস্থান হতে পারে ৷

যেমন- Above the line, on the line, Across the line.

এছাড়া stroke এর একদিকে Before আর এক দিকে After হয়।

যেখান থেকে Stroke লেখা শুরু হয় সেটি 1st position, মাঝখানটি 2nd Position, একেবারে শেষে 3rd position.

B = Before A= After

Chapter 4