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Common C Language Interview Questions and Answers

2023-06-16T22:57:00.002+05:30

1.) Data Types and Variables:

a) Concept-based:

i) Explain the difference between signed and unsigned integers.

-> In C, signed integers can represent both positive and negative numbers, whereas unsigned integers can only represent non-negative numbers (zero and positive numbers). The sign bit determines the interpretation of the binary representation of a signed integer.

ii) What is the size of the char data type in C? How is it different from int?

-> The size of the char data type in C is 1 byte. It can store a single character or a small integer value. On the other hand, the size of the int data type varies depending on the system architecture, typically 4 bytes on most systems. It can store larger integer values.

b) Write a program:

i) Write a program to swap two numbers using a temporary variable.

-> #include <stdio.h>

int main ()

{

int a, b, temp;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

printf("See Before Swapping Two Numbers: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

printf("Look After Swapping Two Numbers: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

return 0;

}

ii) Write a program to find whether a number is prime or not

-> #include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num, i, isPrime = 1;

printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

if (num <= 1)

{

isPrime = 0;

}

else

{

for (i = 2; i <= num/2; i++)

{

if (num % i == 0)

{

isPrime = 0;

break;

}

if (isPrime == 1)

{

printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);

}

else

{

printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);

}

return 0;

}

2.) Constants and Literals:

a) Concept-based:

i) Explain the difference between a constant and a variable.

-> A constant is a value that remains unchanged during the execution of a program, whereas a variable is a named memory location that can hold different values during the execution of a program.

ii) What are the different types of constants in C? Provide examples.

-> In C, there are four types of constants: - Integer constants: Example - 10, -5, 0. - Floating-point constants: Example - 3.14, -0.5, 2.0. - Character constants: Example - 'C', 'c', '@'. - String constants: Example - "Hello", "AbniksBlogs", "123".

b) Write a program:

i) Write a program to calculate the circumference of a circle given its radius.

->#include <stdio.h>

#define PI 3.1415

int main()

{

float radius, circumference;

printf("Just Enter Radius Of Circle: ");

scanf("%f", &radius);

circumference = 2 * PI * radius;

printf("Circumference: %.2f\n", circumference);

return 0;

}

ii) Write a program to calculate the sum of two numbers using constant variables.

-> #include <stdio.h>

#define NUM1 10

#define NUM2 20

int main()

{

int sum;

sum = NUM1 + NUM2;

printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

return 0;

}

3.) Operators:

a) Concept-based:

i) Explain the concept of arithmetic operators in C with suitable examples.

-> In C, arithmetic operators are used to carry out mathematical operations. Examples of arithmetic operators include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%). These operators work with numeric operands.

ii) Distinguish between the pre-increment and post-increment operators.

-> The pre-increment operator (++x) increments the value of 'x' before its use in an expression, while the post-increment operator (x++) increments the value of 'x' after its use in an expression.

For example:

int x = 5;

int y = ++x; // y = 6, x = 6 (pre-increment)

int z = x++; // z = 6, x = 7 (post-increment)

b) Write a program:

i) Write a program to check whether a number is even or odd using the modulus operator.

-> #include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

if (num % 2 == 0)

{

printf("%d is an even number.\n", num);

}

else {

printf("%d is an odd number.\n", num);

}

return 0;

}

ii) Write a program to calculate the area of a circle using the value of π.

-> #include <stdio.h>

#define PI 3.1415

int main()

{

float radius, area;

printf("Please enter radius of the circle: ");

scanf("%f", &radius);

area = PI * radius * radius;

printf("Area: %.2f\n", area);

return 0;

}

4.) Input and Output Operations:

a) Concept-based:

i) Discuss the difference between printf() and scanf() functions in C.

-> printf() is used to display output to the console or other output devices, whereas scanf() is used to read input from the user. printf() uses format specifiers to format and display the output, while scanf() uses format specifiers to read and assign input values to variables.

ii) How can you read a string input from the user in C? Provide an example.

-> To read a string input from the user, you can use the %s format specifier in scanf().

For example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

char name[50];

printf("Enter your name: ");

scanf("%s", name);

printf("Hello, %s!\n", name);

return 0;

}

b) Write a program:

i) Write a program to read two numbers from the user and calculate their sum.

-> #include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num1, num2, sum;

printf("Enter the first number: ");

scanf("%d", &num1);

printf("Enter the second number: ");

scanf("%d", &num2);

sum = num1 + num2;

printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

return 0;

}

ii) Write a program to concatenate two strings entered by the user.

-> #include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main()

{

char str1[100], str2[100];

printf("Enter the first string: ");

scanf("%s", str1);

printf("Enter the second string: ");

scanf("%s", str2);

strcat(str1, str2);

printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);

return 0;

}

5.) Control Flow Statements:

a) Concept-based:

i) Explain the concept of if-else statements in C with suitable examples.

-> The if-else statement is used to do various actions based on various conditions. If the condition inside the if statement is true, the code inside the if block is executed. Otherwise, if the condition is false, the code inside the else block is executed.

For example:

int num = 10;

if (num > 0)

{

printf("Number is positive.\n");

}

else

{

printf("Number is non-positive.\n");

}

ii) Discuss the difference between while loop and do-while loop in C.

-> The while loop and do-while loop are both used for repetitive execution of a block of code. The main difference is that the while loop tests the condition at the beginning, and if the condition is false, the code inside the loop is never executed. On the other hand, the do-while loop tests the condition at the end, so the code inside the loop is executed at least once, even if the condition is false.

b) Write a program:

i) Write a program to print the Fibonacci series up to a given number using a while loop.

-> #include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num, prev = 0, next = 1, temp;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

printf("This is Fibonacci Series: %d, %d, ", prev, next);

while (next <= num)

{

temp = prev + next;

printf("%d, ", temp);

prev = next;

next = temp;

}

printf("\n");

return 0;

}

ii) Write a program to find the factorial of a given number using a recursive function.

-> #include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int num)

{

if (num == 0 || num == 1)

{

return 1;

}

else

{

return num * factorial(num - 1);

}

int main()

{

int num;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

printf("Factorial: %d\n", factorial(num));

return 0;

}

Understanding control flow statements in C programming

2023-06-14T20:53:00.002+05:30

Control flow statements are essential building blocks in programming languages like C. They allow programmers to control the flow of execution in their programs, making them dynamic and adaptable to different scenarios. In this article, we will explore control flow statements in C, understand their significance, and provide real-life examples to solidify their understanding. We'll keep it simple so that even a small kid can grasp the concepts easily.

What are Control Flow Statements and Why Do We Need Them?

Control flow statements are fundamental tools in programming that enable us to make decisions and control the flow of execution in a program. They allow us to handle different situations, respond to changing conditions, and perform repetitive tasks efficiently. Without control flow statements, programs would lack flexibility and be unable to adapt to varying scenarios.

The Use of Control Flow Statements in C:

In the C language, control flow statements provide powerful constructs to manage program execution. They allow the program to take different paths based on certain conditions or repeat a set of instructions until specific conditions are met. These statements enhance program interactivity, improve code reusability, and make programs more robust.

Real-life Example:

Let's consider a simple real-life scenario: deciding whether to go outside or stay indoors. We can apply control flow statements to determine the course of action. If it's raining, we stay indoors. Otherwise, we go outside to play. By using control flow statements, we can simulate this decision-making process in our program and perform the appropriate actions.

1.) If-Else Statements:

The if-else statement is used to execute a block of code if a condition is true and another block if the condition is false. It's similar to making a choice based on a condition.

Example:

int age = 10;

if (age >= 18)

{

printf("You are an adult.");

}

else

{

printf("You are a child.");

}

In this example, we have an age variable set to 10. The if condition checks if the age is greater than or equal to 18. Since the condition is false, the code inside the else block is executed, and it prints "You are a child."

2.) Else-If Statements:

The else-if statement allows us to check multiple conditions one after another and execute the corresponding block of code when a condition is true.

Example:

int num = 5;

if (num > 0)

{

printf("The number is positive.");

}

else if (num < 0)

{

printf("The number is negative.");

}

else

{

printf("The number is zero.");

}

Here, we have the num variable set to 5. The code checks multiple conditions one after another. Since the condition num > 0 is true, it prints "The number is positive."

3.) Switch Statements:

The switch statement provides multiple branches of execution based on the value of a given expression. It's like choosing a path from multiple options depending on the value of a variable.

Example:

int day = 2;

switch (day)

{

case 1:

printf("It's Sunday.");

break;

case 2:

printf("It's Monday.");

break;

default:

printf("Invalid day.");

break;

}

In this example, the day variable is set to 2. The switch statement checks the value of day and executes the corresponding case. Since day is 2, it prints "It's Monday."

Loops:

Loops allow us to repeat a piece of code until a specific condition is met There are three types of loops in C: while, for, and do-while.

1.) While Loop:

The while loop executes a block of code repeatedly as long as a given condition is true.

Example:

int count = 1;

while (count <= 5)

{

printf("%d\n", count);

count++;

}

Here, the while loop initializes the count variable to 1. It then repeatedly executes the code block as long as the condition count <= 5 is true. It prints the value of count and increments it by 1 in each iteration. This will print the numbers 1 to 5.

2.) For Loop:

The for loop is used to iterate a block of code for a specific number of times. It provides a compact and structured way to repeat actions.

Example:

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)

{

printf("%d\n", i);

}

In the for loop, we have a variable i initialized to 1. The loop continues executing as long as i is less than or equal to 5. It prints the value of i and increments it by 1 in each iteration. This will also print the numbers 1 to 5.

3.) Do-While Loop:

The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, but it guarantees that the code block is executed at least once before checking the condition.

Example:

int count = 1;

do {

printf("%d\n", count);

count++;

} while (count <= 5);

The do-while loop executes the code block first and then checks the condition count <= 5. As long as the condition is true, it continues executing the loop. Similar to the while loop, it will print the numbers 1 to 5.

Difference Between These Three Loops:

The while loop is suitable when the number of iterations is unknown and depends on a condition. The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known or when iterating over a collection. The do-while loop is helpful when you want to execute the block of code at least once, regardless of the condition.

Break and Continue Statements:

The break statement is used to exit a loop prematurely, while the continue statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next iteration.

Example (using break):

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

{

if (i == 5)

{

break;

}

printf("%d\n", i);

}

In this example, the for loop iterates from 1 to 10. When i is equal to 5, the break statement is encountered, causing the loop to terminate. As a result, only the numbers 1 to 4 will be printed.

Example (using continue)

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

{

if (i == 5)

{

continue;

}

printf("%d\n", i);

}

the for loop iterates from 1 to 10. When i is equal to 5, the continue statement is encountered. Instead of terminating the loop like the break statement, the continue statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next iteration. As a result, when i is 5, it skips printing that value, and the loop continues to print the remaining numbers 1 to 4 and 6 to 10.

Goto and Labels Statements:

The goto statement allows us to transfer the control of the program to a labeled statement within the same function.

Example:

int num = 5;

if (num == 5)

{

goto myLabel;

}

printf("This won't be executed.\n");

myLabel:

printf("Goto statement jumped here.\n");

In this code snippet, the if condition checks if num is equal to 5. Since it is true, the program jumps to the myLabel label using the goto statement. As a result, the message "Goto statement jumped here." will be printed.

Conclusion:

Control flow statements in the C language are essential tools that allow programmers to control the flow of execution in their programs. By utilizing if-else statements, switch statements, loops, and various control flow constructs, programmers can make decisions, handle different scenarios, and create robust and interactive programs.

Throughout this article, we explored the concept of control flow statements, their significance, and their practical applications in real-life situations. We discussed if-else statements, which help us make choices based on conditions, and provided examples demonstrating their usage. Additionally, we covered else-if statements, which allow us to check multiple conditions sequentially.

Switch statements proved useful when we needed to choose from multiple options based on the value of a single variable. We saw how switch statements simplify decision-making and streamline code execution by eliminating the need for multiple if-else statements.

The article also delved into loops, including the while loop, for loop, and do-while loop. Each loop type serves different purposes, such as iterating until a condition is met or executing a specific number of times. We examined their syntax and provided code snippets to showcase their functionality.

Furthermore, we explored the break and continue statements, which enable programmers to control loop execution. The break statement allows us to exit a loop prematurely, while the continue statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next one.

Lastly, we briefly discussed the goto and labels statements, which, although powerful, are typically discouraged in modern programming practices due to their potential for creating complex and hard-to-maintain code.

By understanding and effectively utilizing control flow statements, programmers gain the ability to create dynamic, adaptable, and efficient programs. Whether it's making decisions, repeating actions, or responding to changing conditions, control flow statements empower us to craft software that solves real-world problems.

Remember, control flow statements are like the steering wheel of a program, allowing us to navigate through different paths and make informed choices.

A Beginner's Guide to File Input and Output in C Language

2023-06-12T16:21:00.002+05:30

Input and output operations play a crucial role in programming languages like C. They enable communication between the program and the user, as well as facilitate data transfer between the program and external devices. In this article, we will explore what input and output operations are, their significance in the C language, provide a code example, explain how they are performed, and illustrate their relevance with a real-life scenario.

What are Input and Output Operations?

Input operations involve obtaining data from an external source and incorporating it into a program. Conversely, output operations involve displaying or transmitting data generated by the program to an external destination, such as a screen, file, or device.

The Importance of Input and Output Operations in C

Input and output operations are fundamental to the C language, as they allow programs to interact with users and process data effectively. Without them, programs would be unable to receive input or present output, severely limiting their functionality and practicality.

Code Example

Let's consider a simple code snippet that demonstrates the usage of input and output operations in C

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int number;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &number);

printf("You entered: %d", number);

return 0;

}

In this example, the program prompts the user to enter a number. The scanf function reads the input from the user and stores it in the variable number. Finally, the program displays the entered number using the printf function.

Performing Input and Output Operations in C:

In C, input operations are typically accomplished using the scanf function, which scans input from the user according to specified format specifiers. On the other hand, output operations are performed using the printf function, which formats and prints data onto the output stream.

The scanf function reads input based on the format specifiers provided, such as %d for integers, %f for floating-point numbers, and %s for strings. It also requires the address of the variable where the input will be stored, denoted by the & symbol.

The printf function formats and displays output to the screen or any output stream. It uses format specifiers, such as %d for integers, %f for floating-point numbers, %c for characters, and %s for strings. The variables to be displayed are listed after the format string.

Real-Life Example:

Consider a scenario where you are creating an e-commerce application in C. To enhance user experience, you want to display the order details after the user completes a purchase. By utilizing input and output operations, you can prompt the user to enter their order details, such as the product name, quantity, and shipping address. The program can then process this input and generate an order summary to be displayed using the output operations. This interaction between the program and the user is made possible through input and output operations in C.

Conclusion:

Input and output operations form an integral part of the C language, enabling programs to communicate with users and external devices effectively. By using functions like scanf and printf, programmers can incorporate user input into their programs and display output in various formats. Understanding and mastering input and output operations is essential for developing robust and interactive applications in C

The Surprising Mindset Shifts That Helped Billionaires Succeed

2023-06-11T19:17:00.004+05:30

Billionaires the visionaries, the trailblazers, the epitome of success. Their accomplishments, fortunes, and influence captivate our imagination, leaving us in awe of their seemingly magical ability to transform industries and shape the world. But have you ever wondered how billionaires work and what they do for a living? In this intriguing blog post, we'll delve into the enigmatic world of billionaires, exploring their work ethic, communication methods, and the secrets behind their remarkable achievements.

The Work Ethic of a Billionaire:

At the heart of a billionaire's success lies an unwavering work ethic that sets them apart from the rest. While their specific routines may vary, several common traits define their approach to work

Relentless Pursuit of Passion:

Billionaires are driven by their passions and pursue endeavors that align with their interests. They channel their energy into industries they deeply believe in, fueling their motivation to overcome obstacles and push boundaries.

Insatiable Curiosity:

Billionaires possess a thirst for knowledge and a never-ending curiosity. They constantly seek new information, insights, and trends to stay ahead of the curve and make informed decisions.

Strategic Vision:

Billionaires possess a unique ability to see the bigger picture and envision opportunities where others may not. They set ambitious long-term goals and develop strategic plans to achieve them, often disrupting traditional industries along the way.

Tireless Work Ethic:

Whether it's waking up early, working late hours, or dedicating weekends to their ventures, billionaires exhibit an unmatched dedication to their work. They understand that success requires consistent effort and are willing to put in the hard work necessary to achieve their goals.

Communication Methods:

Billionaires recognize the power of effective communication in building relationships, influencing stakeholders, and achieving their objectives. Here are some key communication methods they employ

Personal Networking:

Billionaires understand the importance of personal connections and actively engage in networking events, conferences, and industry gatherings. They forge relationships with like-minded individuals, industry leaders, and potential partners, leveraging these connections to fuel their success.

Public Speaking:

Many billionaires embrace public speaking as a platform to share their vision, inspire others, and establish their authority in their respective fields. They deliver captivating speeches and presentations that resonate with audiences and leave a lasting impact.

Media Engagement:

Billionaires harness the power of media to communicate their ideas, achievements, and philanthropic endeavors. They engage with journalists, grant interviews, and leverage social media platforms to amplify their messages and connect with a broader audience.

Mentorship and Education:

Billionaires often dedicate themselves to mentorship programs, sharing their knowledge and experiences with aspiring entrepreneurs and future leaders. They contribute to educational institutions, funding scholarships and initiatives that nurture talent and innovation.

Secrets of Success:

Behind every billionaire's success story lies a unique combination of factors that contribute to their extraordinary achievements

Innovative Thinking:

Billionaires embrace innovation and disruption, challenging conventional wisdom and pushing the boundaries of what's possible. They identify emerging trends, anticipate future needs, and strive to create groundbreaking solutions.

Risk-Taking:

Successful billionaires are not afraid to take calculated risks. They understand that with great risk comes great reward and are willing to step outside their comfort zones to seize opportunities that others might overlook.

Resilience and Perseverance:

Building billion-dollar empires requires resilience in the face of adversity. Billionaires learn from failures, adapt to changing circumstances, and persist in the pursuit of their goals, even when faced with significant challenges.

Philanthropy and Social Impact:

They establish charitable foundations, fund social initiatives, and actively participate in philanthropic endeavors, using their wealth and influence to make a positive difference in the world.

Final Words:

The world of billionaires is a captivating realm filled with ambition, passion, and relentless determination. While their paths to success may differ, their unwavering work ethic, strategic vision, and effective communication methods are common threads that weave their stories together. By embracing these insights, we can draw inspiration from their experiences and apply their principles to our own pursuits, inching closer to unlocking our full potential and achieving our own extraordinary success.

A Comprehensive Guide to Operators in C Language

2023-06-11T18:47:00.003+05:30

Operators In C:

Operators are like wands that enable us to perform various actions and manipulate data. In this article, we will explore why operators are essential in C, understand their different types, and learn how to use them through real-life examples. So, let's dive in!

Why Do We Use Operators in C?

Just like how we use tools to perform different tasks, operators are the tools of the C language. They allow us to manipulate data, perform calculations, make decisions, and much more. Let's consider a real-life scenario to understand this better.

Imagine you have a basket full of delicious apples, and you want to share them equally among your friends. Here, the division operator (/) in C can help you calculate the number of apples each friend will receive. By using operators, we can write a program to automate this process, saving us time and effort.

Types of Operators in C:

C language provides us with eight types of operators, each serving a unique purpose. Let's explore them one by one:

1.) Arithmetic Operators:

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%). These operators are often used to perform calculations and manipulate numerical data.

Example:

int result = 10 + 5; // Adds 10 and 5, and stores the result in 'result'

2.) Relational Operators:

Relational operators are actually used for comparing two values and determine the relationship between them. They include operators like equal to (==), not equal to (!=), greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (>=), and less than or equal to (<=).

Example:

int age = 12;

if (age >= 18) {

printf("You are eligible to vote!");

}

3.) Logical Operators:

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations such as AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!). These operators are handy when we need to make decisions based on multiple conditions.

Example:

int marks = 85;

if (marks >= 60 && marks <= 100) {

printf("Congratulations! You passed the exam.");

}

4.) Assignment Operators:

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The most commonly used assignment operator is the equals sign (=), which assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.

Example:

int x;

x = 10; // Assigns the value 10 to variable 'x'

5.) Increment and Decrement Operators:

Increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1, respectively. They are often used in loops and other scenarios where we need to iterate or count.

Example:

int count = 0;

count++; // Increases the value of 'count' by 1

int count = 1;

count--; //Decreases the value of ‘count’ by 1

6.) Conditional Operator (Ternary Operator):

The conditional operator (?:) allows us to write compact conditional statements. It evaluates a condition and returns one value if true and another value if false.

Example:

int age = 12;

char* result = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Child";

7.) Bitwise Operators:

Bitwise operators are used to execute operations on binary numbers' individual bits. They include operators such as bitwise AND (&), bitwise OR (|), bitwise XOR (^), bitwise left shift (<<), and bitwise right shift (>>).

Example:

int a = 5; // Binary representation: 0101

int b = 3; // Binary representation: 0011

int result = a & b; // Bitwise AND: 0001 (Decimal: 1)

8.) Miscellaneous Operators:

The C language also provides other operators like sizeof(), which returns the size of a variable or data type, and the comma operator (,), which separates expressions and evaluates them sequentially.

Example:

int size = sizeof(int); // Returns the size of the 'int' data type

Conclusion:

Operators in the C programming language are powerful tools that enable us to manipulate data, perform calculations, make decisions, and much more. By understanding and using these operators effectively, we can create amazing programs and solve complex problems.

Understanding Constants and Literals in C Language

2023-06-08T13:11:00.005+05:30

Constants in C language:

Constants in C are fixed values or variables that remain unchanged throughout the execution of a program. They act as steadfast pillars, providing stability and consistency to your code. Just like in everyday life, where we have things that remain constant, such as the number of hours in a day or the value of pi, constants in C ensure reliability and precision.

Example of Constants:

Let's take a simple example to illustrate constants in action. Imagine you're writing a program to calculate the area of a rectangle. You may have fixed values for the length and width, such as 10 and 5, respectively. These values remain constant throughout the program because the length and width of the rectangle do not change during the calculation.

Defining Constants:

There are two ways by which you can define constants

a.a.) Using const keyword

b.b.) Using # define preprocessor

Let’s look out for the first way second way is advance and you need to know what is # define preprocessor for that so will see that in upcoming blog for now just remember there are two ways by which you can define constant here is the first way

a.) To define constants in C, you can use the const keyword followed by the data type and the constant's name. Here's an example:

const int MAX_VALUE = 100;

In this code snippet, we declare a constant variable named MAX_VALUE of type int with a value of 100. Once defined, the value of MAX_VALUE remains constant and cannot be modified.

Here const is a keyword, int is a datatype and MAX_VALUE is a variable you can name variable as of your choice and the value for this variable is 100 which will not change throughout the execution of a program, if in future if you tried to change the value for this MAX_VALUE variable you will get a compile time error message again there are two types of errors compile time and run time we will see later for just remember you will get compile time error if you try to change const variable

That error will look like this

Cannot modify a const object

Types of Constants:

In C, constants can be classified into different types based on their data:

1. Integer Constants: These are whole numbers without any fractional part, like 42 or -10.

2. Floating-Point Constants: These are numbers with a fractional part, such as 3.14 or -2.5e-3.

3. Character Constants: They represent individual characters enclosed in single quotes, like 'A' or '$'.

4. String Constants: String constants are the characters that are enclosed in double quotes, like for example "Hello, World!".

Real-Life Examples of Constants in C:

Let's explore a few real-life scenarios where constants are used in C programming:

1. Mathematical Calculations: Constants like pi (3.14159...) or Euler's number (2.71828...) are commonly used for precise mathematical calculations.

2. Physics Simulations: Constants such as the speed of light or gravitational constants are vital in simulations and scientific calculations.

3. Game Development: In game programming, constants can represent game parameters like maximum health, scores, or character attributes.

Literals in C Language:

Literals, on the other hand, are the actual values used in your code. They represent the immediate, literal values that the program works with.

Example of Literals:

Consider the following line of code:

int num = 10;

Here, the literal is the value 10, which is directly assigned to the variable num. Literals are used to initialize variables or provide immediate values for calculations.

Types of literals:

There are indeed four types of literals:

1. Integer Literals: Integer literals represent whole numbers without any fractional part. They can be written in decimal form, such as 42 or -10, or in other number systems like octal (base 8) and hexadecimal (base 16).

2. Floating-Point Literals: Floating-point literals represent real numbers with a fractional part. They can be written in decimal form, such as 3.14 or -2.5, and can also use scientific notation, like -2.5e-3 (which represents -0.0025).

3. Character Literals: Character literals represent individual characters and are enclosed in single quotes. For example, 'A', '7', or '$' are character literals. Certain special characters can be represented using escape sequences, such as '\n' for a newline or '\t' for a tab.

4. String Literals: String literals are sequences of characters enclosed in double quotes. They represent a collection of characters, like "Hello, World!". These are stored as arrays of characters, terminated by a null character ('\0').

Conclusion:

In conclusion, constants and literals are essential elements in the C language. Constants represent fixed values that remain unchanged, providing stability to your code. They come in types like integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and strings. On the other hand, literals are the actual values used in your code, such as numbers, characters, and strings. Understanding and utilizing constants and literals effectively will help you build reliable and robust programs.

Top 5 Value-for-Money Smartphones in India 2023

2023-06-07T22:56:00.004+05:30

First off, no one has sponsored this article, so you can rely on this article you may have seen lot of youtube videos on this topic but this blog is truly based on people’s honest opinions you can just cross check what people are saying about these smartphones from the links mention below also at the end you will see my priority list

1.) One Plus Nord CE 3 Lite 5G Model

Name & Brand: One Plus Nord CE 3 Lite 5G Model By OnePlus

Main Camera: 108 MP Main Camera, 2MP Depth-Assist Lens and 2MP Macro Lens

Selfie Camera: 16MP

Body Built: GlassFront, Plastic Back

Display: 6.72 Inches, 120 Hz Adaptive refresh rate, FHD+(1080×2400)

Operating System: Oxygen OS based on Android 13.1

Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G

RAM & Storage: 8GB Ram, 128 Gb Storage

Battery Type and Size: Li-Po, non-removable, 5000mAh

Charger: 80 Watt

Gaming Performance: Mid-level gaming

Pros: 120 hz Refresh Rate so you get smooth experience 80 W Charger, 5G network coverage with 11 bands

Cons: As it comes with 5g support internet data consumption increases much faster by watching high resolution videos, you may find few bloatware’s in smartphone which cannot be uninstall, in sunlight display may annoy you

Price: 19,999 ₹/- (may vary according to time you can check below link)

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3J0smX7

2.) Samsung M33 5G Model

Name & Brand: Samsung M33 5g By Samsung

Main Camera: 50 MP Quad Camera

Selfie Camera: 8 MP

Body Built: Glass Front, Plastic Back

Display: 16.72 centimeters (6.6-inch)LCD Display, FHD+ resolution, 1080x2400 pixels protected by Gorilla Glass 5

Operating System: ‎Android 12.0

Processor: Exynos 1280 Octa Core 2.4GHz 5nm Processor with 12 band support for a True 5G Experience

RAM & Storage: 2 Variants = 6GB RAM + 128 GB Storage & 8GB RAM + 128 GB Storage

Battery Type and Size: Li-Ion, Non-Removable, 6000mAH

Gaming Performance: Mid-Level,You Can Easily play Pubg on it

Pros: Knox Security

Cons: Screen Quality and camera quality

Price: 16,999 ₹/- (may vary according to time you can check below link)

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/43rwasR

3.) Redmi Note 11T 5G Model

Name & Brand: Redmi Note 11T 5G

Main Camera: 50MP High resolution primary camera f/1.8 with 8MP Ultra-wide sensor

Selfie Camera: 16 MP

Body Built: glass front, plastic back

Display: 6.6-inch FHD+ (2400x1080) Dot display with 90Hz high refresh rate and adaptive refresh rate technology; 240Hz touch sampling rate;

Operating System: ‎Android 11 MIUI 12.5

Processor: MediaTek Dimensity 810 5G 6nm Processor, 355K + AnTuTu Score

RAM & Storage: 8GB RAM (RAM Expandable upto 11 GB) + 128 GB Storage

Battery Type and Size: LiPo, Non-Removable, 5000mAh

Gaming Performance: Mid-level Gaming, easily play games like Pubg

Pros: Specifications are good

Cons: No AMOLED display

Price: 19,999 ₹/- (may vary according to time you can check below link)

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3WW21zj

4.) Realme Narzo 50 Pro 5G Model

Name & Brand: Realme Narzo 50 Pro 5g By Realme

Main Camera: 48MP + 8MP + 2MP

Selfie Camera: 16MP Front Camera

Body Built: GlassFront, Plastic Back

Display: Super AmoLED, FHD+Resolution, 90hz Refresh rate, 6.4inch Display

Operating System: Android 12.0

Processor: Dimensity 920 5g Processor

RAM & Storage: 6GB + 128 GB, 8GB + 128 GB

Battery Type and Size: Li-Po, Non-Removable, 5000 mAh

Gaming Performance: Mid-level, you can play pubg on 60 Fps

Pros: Good Specifications

Cons: includes bloatware & no micro sd card

Price: 19,499 ₹ (may vary according to time you can check below link)

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/43QKlHL

5.) iQOO z7s 5G Model

Name & Brand: iQOO z7s 5G By IQOO

Main Camera: 64MP OIS Ultra Stable Camera; 2MP Bokeh camera;

Selfie Camera: 16MP

Body Built: Plastic Back

Display: 6.38 inches FHD+ AMOLED display, 1300 nits peak local brightness, 90 Hz refresh rate, Schott Xensation UP glass protection, IP54 rated

Operating System: ‎Funtouch OS 13 Based On Android 13

Processor: Snapdragon 695

RAM & Storage: 6 GB + 128GB, 8GB + 128GB

Battery Type and Size: LiPo, Non-Removable, 4500 mAh

Gaming Performance: Mid-level Gaming, you can play pubg

Pros: Good Camera

Cons: Battery draining issues

Price: 19,999 ₹/- (may vary according to time you can check below link)

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3NrAiDL

Conclusion:

These are all best smartphones in 2023 under 20,000 Rupees You can choose any one from it

This is my priority list

1.) Realme Narzo 50 Pro 5g

2.) One Plus nord Ce 3 Lite 5g

3.) Redmi 11 T 5g

4.) Iqoo z7s 5g (Just because of battery draining issues)

5.) Samsung M33 5G

Exploring the Different Types of Data Types in C Language

2023-06-07T19:46:00.006+05:30

In C, Datatypes are categorized into derived data types, enumeration data types, and the void data type. following is the categorization

Basic Data Types:

1. int:

· Description: Used to store whole numbers (positive, negative, or zero).

· Size: Typically 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory.

· Example: int numberOfBooks = 25;

· Maximum size: Approximately -2.1 billion to +2.1 billion.

2. float:

· Description: Used to store decimal numbers with single-precision.

· Size: Typically 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory.

· Example: float height = 1.75;

· Maximum size: Typically around 6-9 decimal digits of precision.

3. double:

· Description: Used to store decimal numbers with double-precision.

· Size: Typically 8 bytes (64 bits) of memory.

· Example: double pi = 3.14159;

· Maximum size: Typically around 15 decimal digits of precision.

4. char:

· Description: Used to store individual characters.

· Size: Typically 1 byte (8 bits) of memory.

· Example: char grade = 'A';

· Maximum size: -128 to 127 or 0 to 255, depending on whether it is "signed" or "unsigned".

Derived Data Types:

1. Array:

· Description: A collection of elements of the same data type.

· Example:

int numbers [4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};

2. Pointer:

· Description: Pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

· Example:

int *ptr;

int number = 10;

ptr = &number;

3. 3. Structure:

· Description: A user-defined data type that groups together variables of different data types under one name.

· Example:

struct Person

{

char name[20];

int age;

};

struct Person student;

4. 4. Union:

· Description: A user-defined data type that allows storing different data types in the same memory location.

· Example:

union Data

{

int number;

float decimal;

};

union Data value;

Enumeration Data Type:

1. 1.) enum:

· Description: Used to define a set of named values.

· Size: Depends on the number of elements in the enum.

· Example:

enum fruits {Apple, Mango, Watermelon, Papaya, Jackfruit, Strawberries};

enum fruits King = Mango;

Void Data Type

1. 1.) void:

· Description: Used to represent the absence of type or absence of a value.

· Size: Not applicable (void has no size).

· Example:

void printHello()

{

printf("Hello!");

}

If you are beginner in C Language don’t just focus on the code mentioned above for now, even if you understand what are datatypes, what are its types its completely fine in upcoming blogs we will discuss rest of the things make sure you are reading it daily, just spend 10 minutes reading this blog and you will thank yourself for reading it alright see you soon.

An In-Depth Look at C Language Datatypes and Variables

2023-06-06T13:23:00.004+05:30

Data Types In C Language

Data types in C define the kind of data that can be stored and manipulated within a program. C supports several built-in data types, each designed to handle specific kinds of information. Let's discuss a few commonly used data types:

1. Integers: Integers are used to represent whole numbers. They can be positive, negative, or zero. In C, the "int" data type is used for integers.

For example, int age = 59;

Here, the variable "age" stores an integer value of 59.

Real-life example: Think of a scenario where you want to store someone's age in a program.

2. Floating-Point Numbers: Floating-point numbers are used to represent decimal numbers. C provides two main floating-point data types: "float" and "double." The "float" type stores single-precision floating-point numbers, while the "double" type stores double-precision floating-point numbers.

For example: float pi = 3.14;

Here, the variable "pi" stores the value of pi (approximately 3.14).

Real-life example: Imagine a program that calculates the average temperature of a city, where the temperature can be a decimal value.

3. Characters: Characters represent individual letters, digits, or symbols. In C, characters are stored using the "char" data type.

For example: char grade = 'A';

Here, the variable "grade" stores the character 'A'.

Real-life example: Consider a program that asks for a user's grade in a test and stores it as a character.

Variables In C Language

Variables are containers used to store values of specific data types. They provide a way to name and refer to data in a program. Let's explore variables in detail:

1. Variable Declaration: Before using a variable, it must be declared with its appropriate data type.

For example: int score;

Here, we declare a variable named "score" of type "int."

2. Variable Initialization: Initializing a variable means assigning an initial value to it.

For example: score = 97;

Here, we assign the value 90 to the variable "score."

3. Using Variables: Once declared and initialized, variables can be used in expressions, calculations, and assignments.

For example: int total = score * 5;

Here, we multiply the value of the "score" variable by 5 and store it in the "total" variable.

Example Of Data Types Ans VARIABLES

Let's explore a few real-life examples to illustrate the usage of data types and variables:

Example 1: Tracking Inventory Imagine you're building a program to track inventory for a store. You can use integers to represent the quantities of different products. For instance:

int Masala Paneer = 350;

int Butter Paneer = 420;

int Paneer Tikka = 520;

Example 2: Temperature Conversion Suppose you want to create a program that converts temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit. You can use floating-point numbers for precise conversions. Here's a simple snippet:

float celsius = 5.5;

fahrenheit = (celsius * 2 / 5) + 32;

Remember, understanding data types and variables is essential for writing effective C programs. With practice and experimentation, you'll gain a solid grasp of these concepts and be on your way to becoming a proficient C programmer. In Next blog we will see types of data types till that stay tuned

Top Reasons Why Learning C Language is Essential for Programmers

2023-06-05T14:28:00.004+05:30

Introduction To C Language

C is a powerful and widely used programming language known for its simplicity and efficiency. So, let's dive right in

What is C?

C is a general-purpose programming language that was developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. It was designed to provide a low-level programming language with high-level capabilities. C has influenced numerous programming languages and remains one of the most popular choices for developing efficient and portable software.

Structure of a C program

A C program consists of various elements that work together to perform a specific task. It typically starts with preprocessor directives, followed by function prototypes and the main function. “main” is the function where the execution of the program begins. We'll explore these elements in more detail as we progress.

Compilers and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

To write and execute C programs, you'll need a compiler. A compiler translates the human-readable C code into machine-readable instructions. There are several compilers available, such as GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), Clang, and Microsoft Visual C++. IDE’s such as Code::Blocks and Dev-C++, provide a convenient environment for writing, debugging, and compiling C programs.

History of C Language

Origins and Development C was born out of the need to create an efficient programming language for developing the UNIX operating system. Dennis Ritchie and his colleagues at Bell Laboratories developed C as an extension of the earlier B programming language. The goal was to improve B's simplicity while adding high-level features. As a result, C became the language of choice for UNIX development.

Standardization

ANSI C and ISO C In the early 1980s, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed a standard for the C language, known as ANSI C. This standard aimed to promote portability and ensure compatibility across different platforms. Subsequently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) also adopted ANSI C as the international standard, known as ISO C.

Features and Influences

C introduced several groundbreaking features that contributed to its popularity and impact on future programming languages. It provided low-level access to memory through pointers, allowing efficient manipulation of data structures. C's syntax and control flow structures, such as loops and conditionals, became widely adopted. Its simplicity and efficiency attracted developers, leading to the creation of countless libraries and software written in C.

C's Influence on Other Languages

C's influence can be seen in numerous programming languages developed after its inception. C++ extended C with object-oriented programming features, while Objective-C became the foundation for developing software on Apple's platforms. Many other languages, such as Java, C#, and PHP, were influenced by C in terms of syntax, control structures, and memory management.

Thanks stay tuned for upcoming blog & don't forget to subscribe this blog & my youtube channel

Future Technologies That Will Change Our Daily Lives Forever

2021-08-02T05:00:00.002+05:30

What you thing what would be the future of Science Technology? in the present year 2021 we are witnessing lot of changes made in technology for instance in this covid micro needles are innovated for avoiding the pain from the injections and also there are numerous things that we are going to watch,

now technology is envision to quantum computing, by this technology we can avert spread of the coronavirus and can evolve a good amount of vaccines with the aid of this technology, as this have the competence to analyze the data and act on it, for now you might be imagining about quantum computing, in simple words this stuff is related to mathematics which basically involves properties like interference, superposition and there are tremendous things, to perform computations further more these devices which perform this kind of computations are most commonly known as quantum computers this computers differ from the regular computers as this can perform computations more efficiently than the regular ones, this is just the one technology what we have seen till now but there are lot of other technology which comes in lot of help in this year.

Now look at the cars as previously we were having cars that were not so safe but nowadays we see lot of changes related to safety, not only safety but nowadays the cars are able to drive independently owing to have various sensors like radar sensors which is able to measure distance from car, cameras which can capture 360 view of surroundings, and even a lot more sensors that helps the car to prevent from obstacles, so what will be the future of cars? perhaps we will soon see flying cars in future this sound little weird & funny for now but even this is possible, actually there is concept rolling on internet which is called Renault Float cars may be if this concept comes in existence, even flying cars are possible

When we discuss about technology and drone is left aside that's not possible, these drones are most probably used for military purposes like for surveillance and strikes but in future drones will be able to deliver services like delivering burgers or any kind of food or even the packages of amazon, currently they can be used for aerial shots but in future it may be used for deliveries, now by this kind of technology there can be certain drawbacks like what if somebody stole the parcels in between by hacking the drone, or what if it cannot handle the weight of the parcel and many more things, but we should keep this in mind if humans can make errors they are just the machines operated and made by we humans, at the end its human made product, but for sure if there will be drawback there will be a solution for that drawback and by observing the rapid development made in technologies human are capable enough to handle those errors or drawbacks.

When it comes to transportation efficiency safety and ease are the major necessity in any kind of transportation, we already have various trains running but still we want more efficiency so there are hyperloops available for that purpose, it have a tube like structure basically it involves a tube, a pod and a terminal in it passengers have a space in pod just like the normal train but there will be lot safety features involve compare to normal trains as it can travel with 750 miles per hour which if you imagine is 3 times faster than bullet train.

One of the most preferred topic artificial intelligence ( AI ) as it is escalating in modern trends, with the help of AI we already have achieved of plenty of things from it, whether it be a personal assistant for our smartphone or speech recognition, automating business processes, gaining insight by data analysis, engaging clients and lots of stuff, yet what can we expect more from AI possibly we can expect it to help in protecting malicious virus from computers, or to solve environmental problems

Technology is worthy for acquiring all the stuff in no time but don't you feel this technologies are making human slothful? it's the fact that you don't need to run errands just hit a single button and you can connect to the world or if you are dealing with certain problems just by one click the problem is solve in no time these is actually good in terms of solving your problems in seconds but what about your health, now take an example of your smartphone humans are too much dependent on smartphones and we all give most of the priority to it so by this we get addicted to it and get apart from the world due to this negative thoughts release in our human brains and there is no need to explain what happens when there are negative thoughts in our minds, so technology is good for saving time but if not use in limit it may slowly affect us, fine lets come straight to the point future is the thing which can't be controlled, changed or even predicted in fact we can just imagine the things believe on our imaginations which will then further led to new innovations in future technology, alright one thing is for sure technology will be changed, updated or newly created but technology will never have the ability to be like human.

Breaking Down the Features of the OnePlus Nord 2 5G

2021-07-10T18:35:00.022+05:30

ONE PLUS NORD 2

Processor: MediaTek dimensity 1200-AI

Ram: 8GB

Storage: 128GB

Back Camera: 50mp, 8mp, 2mp Triple camera

Front Camera: 32mp

Display: 6.43 inch full hd+ Fluid Amoled display

Battery: Around 4,500 mAh

Charger: 65watt Fast Charger type C

Connectivity: Dual SIM (nano + nano)

Resolution: 2400 x 1080 pixels

Aspect Ratio: 20:9

Operating System: OxygenOS 11.3 based on Android 11

the pricing is around 30K as these is a flagship smartphone, and even the processor is good as compare to Qualcomm snapdragon 870 processor cpu performance would be close to 870, gaming performance is also decent not greater than 870 but we can say close to it battery life of this processor would be same as 870 not completely it may differ a little, now it may have good GPU frequency compare to snapdragon 870 wrapping up the things mediatek Dimensity 1200 AI is close to Qualcomm 870 snapdragon not greater than it.

As discuss earlier it has 8Gb ram and 128Gb of storage which is good, talking about the cameras the primary camera is 50mp and the other two are 8mp and 2mp and the front camera is of 32mp, It is running on OxygenOS based on Andriod 11 operating system For warranty and buying other details check out below link

Buy From Amazon

Samsung Galaxy M31 - The Ultimate Budget Smartphone for Power Users

2021-07-01T01:30:00.030+05:30

Best Smartphone under 20000

SAMSUNG M31

Ram: It comes in two variants 6GB & 8GB

Storage: It has two storage variants one with 64GB internal storage and with 128GB internal storage

Headphone Jack: of course, you get a headphone jack of 3.5mm, so now you don't have to throw your old earphones you can use it with this

Build Quality: it has got plastic body so we can say that the durability will last longer than of glass body, but the body has not got any of the resistance like dust, water so you have to be careful while handling it so, buying a separate case becomes mandatory, other than that it will definitely give you a premium look & feel.

Sensors: like every other smartphone it has got rear fingerprint sensor, so that you can easily unlock your smartphone and even apps, now with this you get face unlock feature and also you get various sensors like Magnometer, Compass, Accelerometer, Proximity, Gyroscope Ambient Light.

Camera: Surprisingly you can get a quad camera setup in which main camera is of 64MP (F1.8) and second which is ultra-wide camera is of 8MP (F2.2), third camera which is Depth camera is of 5MP (F2.2), and the fourth one which is Macro camera is of 5MP (F2.4), other than this you get front facing camera which is of 32MP (F2.0)

Battery: Now despite of having 6.4-inch huge screen it has got 6000 mAh battery which is quite big it may last up to 30 hours depends on much heavy task you perform daily

Screen: as previously said you get huge screen size of 6.4 inch which is around 16.21 centimeter and the display consist of super amoled with full hd resolution (2340p x 1080p) and pixel density is of 404 ppi and with this you get u shaped notch

Weight: it's around 191g so its super lightweight to carry out

SIM Tray Holder: it has dual sim plus you can insert an extra micro sd card to expand your storage, so in terms of sim card you get a lot of flexibility

Sound: Dolby Atmos

Processor: Samsung Exynos 9611 (2.3 Ghz Octa Core Processor) Similar processor as of Galaxy A51

Android Version: Android 10 with Skin operating system also now it has got Android 11 based one UI 3.1 update

Color Variant: Ocean Blue, Space Black, Red (not available in India)

Accessories: In Box you will get Handset of course, Adapter, Usb Cable, sim-ejection pin, and a user manual.

Price : Under 20K (mid ranger smartphone check out below link for exact price)

Almost you have got everything in this smartphone talking about the gaming part No doubt you can play high graphics games on it but it may take some time for loading or launching I mean when you compare it with snapdragon 855 processor launching and loading of game will be comparatively slow not that fast as 855, but when the game is launched the gameplay will be smooth and you will experience the best of it, the best part is that you will not find any lags in terms of touch or response specially if you are PUBG fan you can enjoy your game on high graphics mode, you don't have to manually do it, the processor is quiet capable to handle this game, it automatically does it, even FreeFire can be played in ease, in short you can play high graphics on it.

Now when it comes to camera experience, the blurring effect is just phenomenal but there is some downside of front facing camera that it does not have flash led light on front side and i guess that's completely fine you can get third party app for to enable led notification around the notch.

Talking about the video section, you can easily record 4k video at 30 fps, even you can shoot videos in ultra wide mode that's awesome isn't it? and one of the coolest part is that even when you shake your smartphone while recording the footage will be still stable.

Lets jump onto the battery, guys it's really got a huge battery, with single charge it can easily last for 1day or even more than that, when it comes to battery it really have a great response so if you are the one who is looking for smartphone which will last long with heavy usage this one is the perfect choice for you, even with this you have got 15 watt fast charger in the box so that' s cherry on top.

As discuss earlier it has got numbers of sensors similar to other smartphones like Magnometer, Compass, Accelerometer, Proximity, Gyroscope, Ambient Light , due to this ambient light sensor you don't have to worry about the brightness of the smartphone it will automatically change according to surrounding light, due to this power consumption of smartphone is reduce.

what else would you expect under 20K segment? you have got huge battery, plus the camera quality is good even the screen size is of 6.4 inch so if you're someone who is always on the move watching videos, movies or even reading any kind of content you would absolutely face no issues sparing at screen even in the sunlight, and on top of that its light-weight plus the gaming experience is good so i guess if your budget is under 20K (20,000₹) this smartphone will suffice your need

For Pricing and warranty details you can check the link below

Buy From Amazon

Gaming Laptops under Affordable yet Powerful Options

2021-04-28T22:13:00.035+05:30

TOP BEST LAPTOPS UNDER 50,000 ₹/-

best laptops under 50000 in India 2021

Interesting fact which 90% of the people don’t know is that Adam Osborne was the one who invented (Osborne1) the first laptop Pretty impressive if you were known to this fact, alright let’s talk about Laptop which is playing the most important role in this pandemic situation Now When it comes to buying a laptop like for any purpose maybe for office work or even if you are student and wish to buy it for various purposes like gaming, programming, video editing etc. we usually get so confused and excited at the same time in fact sometimes we don’t even know what exact things to look up when buying it, but due to over excitement most of them fall for its designs due to lack of technical knowledge..

So, basically what important configurations should you focus on when buying new laptop?

1.) CPU (Central Processing Unit)

This is the most important factor when buying new laptop, now it totally depends on which company would you prefer INTEL (Integrated Circuit) OR AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) for it. Both are best at their levels and both have its own pros and cons, For intel you can choose core i series processors which consists of Intel core i3 core i5, core i7, core i9 so, while buying just follow this few important tips.

Intel core i3: These processors normally are cheaper than other intel core i processors and you can choose these processors if you want perform basic task like browsing, or specially if you need to work on Microsoft Office, or if you are using social medias

Intel core i5: These processors are usually design for the intermediate users if you are programmer or gamer you can choose these processor

Intel core i7: These processors are most commonly used by video editors, high-end gaming, multitasking or in case if you want to render any 3D objects

Intel core i9: These processors is a flagship processor which contains 18 cores in it with this you can easily perform each and every high-end Tasks

As you go from Intel core i3 to i9 you can see rapid increase in performance & simultaneously the rates will also increase, and even you can find generations in them latest one is the 10 Generation For AMD processor you can choose Ryzen series which consist

AMD Ryzen 3, 5, 7, 9, Thread ripper (thread ripper is a flagship processor) even for these processors same rule applies, you can see increase in performance as you go from 3 to Thread ripper

laptops and Desktops processor are different but usually they run the same instructions.

2.) RAM (Random Access Memory)

These is the second most important thing you should look while buying. You should check which type of RAM you are getting in laptop you these are the types of RAM’s which you will find DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 where DDR stands for (Double Data Rate) here performance factor increases as the number goes high from 1 to 4. The next thing is RAM size 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB. 32GB is fairly enough if are video editor and editing 4k Videos others can prefer from 8GB to 16GB, 4GB is enough for basic work…and don’t forget to check about the slots provided for RAM..

3.) STORAGE ( SSD OR HDD )

Lets talk about storage, nowadays laptops include SSD (solid state drive) in it which faster than Hard disk drives. In most of the average laptops you may get 256GB of SSD included in it and in case of HDD you may get 1TB of storage, absolutely there is difference in space but SSD performance and speed are three times faster than HDD… so choose wisely.

4.) Battery

Mostly the battery’s you will get to see in laptops will be of Li-on (Lithium-ion) and Li-po (Lithium Polymer) and the average life expectancy would be around 2-4 years for normal use. On single charge your battery may last up to 2-3 hours or maybe even more like 7-8 hours. Typically, it depends upon factors like company and the model of laptop, The Average time that would laptop take to fully charge up is around 1 hour to 4 hours again it totally depends upon the model which you choose make sure to check these things so that in future you don’t face the problems like battery draining and all that stuff.

5.) Screen Size, Screen Resolution & Weight

Average Screen display size of laptop is around 11 inches to 15 inches and some may go around 17 inches. Perfect size if you want to carry out and at same time you want to have best display would be from 13 inches to 15.6 inches not so small and not so big, Alright let’s talk about Screen Resolution Normally you can prefer 1366 x 768 (HD Resolution), even beyond this you may go for 1920 x 1080 (Full HD Resolution), 3200 x 1800 (QHD+3K Resolution) or 3840 x 2160 (Ultra HD 4k Resolution) and the average aspect ratio would be around 16:9 (widescreen) Depending upon your Screen Size weight of a laptop varies that is for 13 inches to 15 inches weight be around 1kg to 2kg and further these the weight may go around 2kg to 3kg, if you are traveler then you must go for 1kg to 2kg.

6.) Operating System

Mostly you will find Windows or Linux operating system in most of the laptops but if you choose Apple Laptops you will get Mac Os, if you are basic user you can go for windows but if you are programmer or developer Linux would be the best option, but go with Windows instead later if you want Linux you can dual boot it or find virtual box, again it totally depends on you. Even there are more things to check like warranty, Graphic card, Build quality of laptop, Speakers, Wi-Fi, the ports which you are getting with laptop specially USB 3.0 port must be included in it. but these 6 basic things you should definitely remember when buying, after all you are paying a decent amount which you have earned it by your hard work or may be if you are a student you are investing your parents money in this, so definitely you should take care while buying and even after buying..

These are the Best Laptops Under 50,000Rs

1.) Lenovo Idea pad S145

Product Description

You can easily perform daily tasks like browsing, works related to Microsoft office and even its good for programming as it includes 8GB RAM (DDR 4) and also, they have provided 512GB of SSD.

Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 (3500U), with 4 Cores.

RAM: 8GB, even you can upgrade it up to 12GB.

Storage: 512GB (SSD).

Battery: On single charge battery will last up to 4-5 hours and its of type lithium polymer as these types of batteries have less chance of explosions.

Screen Size & Resolution: Screen display size is 15.6 with 1920 x 1080 pixels Full HD screen resolution.

Weight : Around 2kg

Operating System: Windows 10 Home version with life-time validity.

To know price & other specifications click the link below.

Buy on amazon

2.) Hp Pavilion x360

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

This is one of the best 2 in 1 laptops under 50k , if you are student and a professional special attraction of these laptop is it's foldability and touchscreen ability well even it has got best configurations, don't forget to buy a stylus pen with it, its been sold separately have a look on its configuration

Processor: Intel core i3 with 10th Generation.

RAM: 8GB of type DDR4 upgradable upto 16GB.

Storage: 512 (SSD).

Battery: On single charge it would last up to 7 hours and its of type Lithium Ion these types of battery are safe also they have longer life and usually charge up fast.

Screen Size & Resolution: Screen display size is of 14 Inches with 1920 x 1080 pixels (Full HD) screen resolution.

Weight : Around 2kg.

Operating System: Windows 10 Home version.

To know price & other specifications click the link below.

Buy on amazon

3.) ASUS VIVOBOOK ULTRA 15

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:

With this laptop you can easily perform daily tasks without having any issues, you can easily play normal pc games and even you can use it for programming talking about it's external feature you will get finger print reader you can call it all rounder, check out its basic configuration.

Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 4500U with 6 cores.

RAM: 8GB provided 2 slots each of 4GB & you can easily upgrade it upto 12GB.

Storage: 512 GB SSD + an extra M2 slot provided for SSD.

Battery: On Single Charge it would last upto 6 hours & its of type Lithium ion.

Screen Size & Resolution: Screen display size is of 15.6 inches with 1920 x 1080 pixels(Full Hd) Screen Resolution.

Weight: weighs nearly to 2Kg.

Operating System: Windows10 Home Version with Lifetime validity.

For more information like warranty, price and other details, click the link below.

Buy on amazon

4.) HP 14s-er0004TU

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:

If you are looking only for basic use purpose this laptop would be a great fit to you. and also you can use it for programming..

Processor: Intel core i3 with 10th Generation processor with 2cores

RAM: 8GB (DDR 4) and you may upgrade it up to 16GB.

Storage: 1TB Hard disk drive.

Battery: On single charge battery last up to 9 Hours and its of type lithium ion where you get fast charge support.

Screen Size & Resolution: Screen display size is 15.6 inches with 1920 x 1080 pixels (Full Hd )

Weight : weighs up to 1.5 Kg.

Operating System: Windows 10 Home version with lifetime validity.

To know price & other specifications click the link below.

Buy on amazon

5.) Lenovo Idea Pad flex 5

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:

Its absolutely the perfect choice whether if you are a programmer or you required it for daily use, best attraction about this laptop is the foldability and even its got finger print sensor on it. apart from this it has got the slim & thin design. even beyond this you will get latest 11 generation corei3 processor..

Processor: Intel core i3 with 11th Generation (2 cores)

RAM: 8GB (DDR 4).

Storage: 256GB (SSD) which lets you store sufficient amount of data.

Battery: On single charge it last up to 7 hours and its of type lithium polymer.

Screen Size & Resolution: Screen display size is of 15.6 inches and its screen resolution is of 1920 x 1080 pixels (full hd).

Weight : around 1.5Kg.

Operating System: Windows 10 Home with lifetime validity.

To know price & other specifications click the link below.

Buy on amazon

Hope the above Buying Guide would help you in future. the only aim is to suggest you the best laptops under 50K ,laptops prices may extend above 50K but all the laptops mentioned above are best suitable for daily users, programmers & even you can play pc high graphics games on low settings and that's it....Thanks for Reading

Which graphic card for pc would you choose?

Nvidia GeForce RTX 3090 or AMD Radeon RX 6900 XT

What to Consider When Choosing a Programming Language for Your Career

2021-04-23T04:42:00.028+05:30

CONFUSE WHICH PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO CHOOSE OR TO START WITH ?

These competitions in programming languages will never be done, on internet you will get numerous languages ruling out like JavaScript, Python, Java, Scala, Kotlin, etc. By looking at these trends you start learning those languages

But have you ever imagine the language which is ranking today will loose its ranking over years due to competitions?

So then again we start our journey by learning some new trending language, Don't you think in terms of programming you are looping yourself learning this trending languages?

Well its definitely not wrong to learn new trending languages, but purpose or the intension behind learning matters, if the purpose is just to complete your graduation, you are likely to ruin your career, definitely my intensions are not to demotivate you, but that's the fact and you should accept it early, so what should be your intension behind learning any programming language while beginning your career in this field? you should fall in love with it, now what do you mean by this? you need to spend time with it by this you will get to know how exactly things works and by this you will create interest in particular language.

Now specially if you are beginner and are confuse from where to start your programming career here is the simplest way to start

1.) Know the basics of programming with the help of C language. You can refer pdf's, but it would be best if you buy Let Us C book (by Yashavant Kanetkar) it's best choice specially for beginners each and every topic is covered in detailed manner & the thing which I really loved about this book is its truly easy to understand. Don't believe my words blindly just check out its ratings, reviews and table of content (link is provided at the bottom of the page )

2.) Make sure you are perfect with syntax's my tip would be note down all syntax's so that next time you can quickly revise it...

3.)Try to Find out as many errors as you can, you should be so well that next time when the same error occurs in your code you should easily able to solve it in no time this thing will increase your debugging skills.

4.)Logic plays an vital role in any of the programming languages To develop logic, Practicing questions on regular basis and design patterns will help you out and even you can refer other code and share your code.. discussing your code with the friends which are really passionate about programming will be profitable for you, this small things really matters a lot.

5.) Try to develop something new from it (it may be a software or a game try to develop by your own )

That's it once you know these things and at the same time you are good at logic then you can easily learn any other programming language. Specially for Beginners I highly recommend you to have your very first experience with C language (Developed by Dennis Ritchie) as C language will never go Away or it won't die..

Beginners Can Select Any One Of these Languages after completing C Language

.) C++ Language( Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup)

.) Java ( Developed by James Gosling)

.) Python ( Developed by Guido van Rossum )

Top Best Books For Beginners

(These are the buy links from which you can buy )

1.) Let Us C (By Yashavant Kanetkar)

Buy on amazon

2.) Object-Oriented Programming with C++ | 8th Edition (By E Balagurusamy )

Buy on amazon

3.) Head First Java: A Brain-Friendly Guide, 2nd Edition Covers Java 5.0 (By Kathy Sierra and Bert Bates)

Buy on amazon

4.) Python Crash Course (By Eric Matthes)

Buy on amazon

SSD vs HDD: Which One is More Reliable?

2021-04-17T21:22:00.020+05:30

What Do You Prefer in 2021 SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD) OR Hard Disk Drive (HDD) ?

As compare to Hard disk drive, SSD performs better in terms of speed and performance not only this but also SSD consumes low energy as compare to hard disk drive but SSD's are Expensive as compare to hard disk drives.

SSD (250GB) Price Range Between 4000₹ - 5000₹

HDD (1.5TB) Price Range between 4000₹ - 5000₹

you can check those prices on shopping sites it may vary according to various company's but you can clearly note the difference in between them here SSD of 250GB comes in the same

price range of HDD of 1.5TB

So According to me if you want Speed & performance you can install SSD in your desktop/laptop..

Nowadays laptops come with SSD preinstalled so if you are buying a new laptop just ask the vendor does it has SSD preinstall in it..

so if you have decided to buy an SSD for your desktop/laptop just check read/write speed of SSD that matters a lot and also do check that if you have an extra slot to insert SSD or be ready to replace Hard disk drive with SSD , in fewer laptops you can install SSD and HDD simultaneously...

Here is the quick difference between SSD and HDD

SSD

1.) SSD is Expensive

2.) For Storing Data SSD use flash memory which results into better performance.

3.) SSD consumes less power again this results into good battery life.

4.) SSD is much faster as compare to HDD.

5.) SSD generate less heat as compare to HDD

HDD

1.) HDD is inexpensive as compare to SSD.

2.) HDD stores data in the form of magnetic field

3.) HDD consumes more power as it need to spin platters

4.) HDD is slower as it takes more time to access data.

5.) HDD generates more heat.

SO what do you prefer HDD,SSD or Both ?

Recommended Top 4 Solid State Drives

1. Samsung 860 EVO 250GB SATA III Internal Solid State Drive (MZ-76E250BW)

Click Here To Know More

2. Crucial BX500 240GB 3D NAND SATA 2.5-inch SSD (CT240BX500SSD1)

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3. Western Digital WD Green 240 GB 2.5 inch SATA III Internal Solid State Drive (WDS240G2G0A)

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4. Kingston Q500 240GB SATA3 2.5 SSD (SQ50037/240G)

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Recommended Best Hard Disk Drives

1. Seagate Backup Plus Slim 1 TB External HDD – USB 3.0 for Windows and Mac, 3 yr Data Recovery Services, Portable Hard Drive – Black with 4 Months Adobe CC Photography (STHN1000400)

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2. Western Digital Elements 1.5 TB Portable External Hard Drive (Black)

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