<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355</id><updated>2012-04-18T02:22:48.716-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Qwerty</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>11</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-3296854462961799178</id><published>2012-04-18T02:07:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-18T02:07:25.932-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative text : Mousedeer Meets the Scarecrow</title><content type='html'>Mouse Deer was tiny, oh yes, but he was smart, too. All the creatures knew the saucy little fellow had tricks up his sleeve. There he was, scampering through the forest, singing his song, while the other forest creatures talked among themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"He is a smart little fellow," the monkeys chattered. "Did you hear the story about the day Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river to reach that island over there?" one of them asked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The others shook their heads, so the monkey told the tale about the way Mouse Deer convinced the crocodiles that the king had demanded that they be counted. The crocodiles, proud that the king wished to know more about them, quickly lined up beside each other in the river. "Mouse Deer just walked across their backs, counting as he went," Monkey said, "and after he was finished eating island fruit, he walked right back, and those crocodiles never knew they had been tricked."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The monkeys howled with laughter. Then one of the monkeys chuckled, "What about the time he fooled Tiger?" and the others howled again because they remembered the day Tiger thought he was going to eat Mouse Deer. That time Mouse Deer convinced Tiger that he was guarding the king's pudding, and Tiger's mouth began to water. He begged Mouse Deer to let him eat that big pudding, so sure enough, Mouse Deer shrugged and ran away. Tiger leaped upon the pudding -- but it was, in truth, no pudding at all. Tiger ate a mud puddle!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oh, how the monkeys laughed. They remembered Tiger's face, covered in mud.&lt;br /&gt;Mouse Deer was passing by as they laughed, and he sang, "I am the smartest forest fellow! Nobody can catch me! And now I shall eat all the farmer's vegetables!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Watch out," the monkeys called, because they had heard about the farmer's plan, but Mouse Deer was singing too loudly to hear their warnings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So Mouse Deer approached the farmer's fields, and he laughed and laughed when he saw the scarecrow the farmer had put in the middle of his sweet potato field. "Ha!" he scoffed, "as if that can stop me. I'm not afraid of any old scarecrow." And to show what he thought of the thing, he gave it a kick.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But oh, was he in for a surprise. The scarecrow was covered with rubber tree sap, and Mouse Deer's foot stuck. He tried to pull himself free with his front legs, but when he did, they stuck, too. Now, in desperation, he pushed with his last leg, and naturally the fourth leg stuck as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He pulled and pulled, and twisted and turned, but nothing could free him. When the farmer saw he had captured Mouse Deer, he ran out in triumph to his sweet potato field.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Ha ha, I've finally caught you, Mouse Deer," the farmer said, and he pulled Mouse Deer off the scarecrow and carried him to the chicken coop. The chickens surrounded him and cackled madly. "Tomorrow you shall be supper, Mouse Deer," the farmer said happily, and he shut Mouse Deer inside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now the monkeys had seen all this, and besides, they knew it was coming, and while they chattered about the events, Dog passed by. "Oh, those noisy monkeys," he growled. "They make almost as much racket as the chickens."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Speaking of the chickens," one of the monkeys said, "did you hear Mouse Deer is locked up in your master's chicken coop?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When Dog heard this, he hurried home and ran to the chicken coop door. "Ah ha," Dog called through the bamboo cage. "So my master caught you at last!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But Mouse Deer, thinking fast, said, "Caught me? Oh, no, you're wrong. I'm in here tonight awaiting your master's preparations. He's holding a dinner tomorrow night in my honor."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"What?" Dog asked. "In your honor? Why, that's not fair. I am his loyal companion. I am his sidekick, his buddy, his pal. I'm always there for him. Why doesn't he honor me?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mouse Deer smiled, for this was turning out just as he'd planned. "Oh, Dog, I agree. You have been loyal, haven't you? You should be the guest who is honored. Why don't you take my place in here?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now Dog's heart swelled in anticipation. How he would love to be a guest of honor! "Are you sure that's all right, Mouse Deer?" he asked, and Mouse Deer said, "Oh, of course." So with his snout, Dog lifted the latch of the chicken coop. He'd long ago learned to do that. And Mouse Deer stepped daintily outside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Thank you, thank you," Dog said to Mouse Deer, and Mouse Deer bowed to him. "My pleasure," he said, and then he scampered into the forest, free once more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next night the monkeys had lots to chatter about, for the farmer had punished Dog severely when he discovered how his loyal friend had let Mouse Deer escape. "That Mouse Deer is a clever one," the monkeys agreed. And all the forest creatures had to agree.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-3296854462961799178?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/3296854462961799178/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-mousedeer-meets.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/3296854462961799178'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/3296854462961799178'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-mousedeer-meets.html' title='Narrative text : Mousedeer Meets the Scarecrow'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-2576636364804813240</id><published>2012-04-18T02:04:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-18T02:04:07.085-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative text : A Hungry Bee</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="354" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day, a hungry bee was looking for some flowers, he flew from one tree to another, but didn't find any flowers yet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="356" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After flying for some time, he saw lilypad flowers on a small pond, but he couldn't eat these flowers because there were frogs on it. If he came closer, the frogs will eat him, so, the bee flown away.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="355" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-3.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, the hungry bee found some carrion flowers. Sure, he couldn't eat these stinking flowers, he could be trapped inside the flowers forever. The hungry bee had to find another flowers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="354" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-4.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not long after that, the bee found some hibiscus flowers. This time he can eat some nectars, these hibiscus nectars were sweet and delicious.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="351" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-5.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hibiscus flowers were not enough for him, so he looked for another flowers, and he found sun flowers and some roses. He had a big party there, he eat many nectars of sun flowers and roses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="353" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-6.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bee was really very hungry, although he had eaten many nectars, he was still hungry, so he looked for another flowers, and he found some dahlias and bougainvillea flowers. After eating some nectars, he saw his sister was coming.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="352" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-7.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bee and his sister flew together, and a few moment later they found some tulip flowers. They ate some nectars there, and flew again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="353" width="500" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/bee/bee-8.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They flew from one garden to another gardens, and shortly they found marigolds and amethyst flowers. The bee was not interested to eat more, he already full, he just accompanied his sister.They flew again looking for other flowers, suddenly his sister saw corpse flowers, but the bee told her sister not to eat that flowers, so they flew again to another gardens.After eating many nectars that day, then they flew home to their nest. All families were waiting for them.&lt;br /&gt;The End&lt;br /&gt;Lihat lebih lengkap :&lt;br /&gt;Source : http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/bee-1.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-2576636364804813240?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/2576636364804813240/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-hungry-bee.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2576636364804813240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2576636364804813240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-hungry-bee.html' title='Narrative text : A Hungry Bee'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-8726309553262779822</id><published>2012-04-18T01:52:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-18T01:55:09.270-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative Text : The Adventure of a Mouse Deer</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/mousedeer/mousedeer-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="353" width="499" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/mousedeer/mousedeer-1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One good day, a young mouse deer, named Mousy was walking alone in a jungle. He was looking for his best friend, a little squirrel, named Squicy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/mousedeer/mousedeer-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="353" width="499" src="http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/stories/mousedeer/mousedeer-2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After walking for a while, he didn't meet Squicy, instead he met some eagles. "Hi Birdy, did you see Squicy lately?" asked Mousy to the eagles. "Yes we did, yesterday we saw him playing with some turtles near a small pond." replied of the eagles.&lt;br /&gt;Then, Mousy went to the pond like eagle said, but he was disappointed because he didn't see Squicy. "Hi guys, where is Squicy?" asked Mousy to the turtles. "He just left an hour ago, he went to the river not far from here." replied one of the turtles.&lt;br /&gt;Mousy ran to the river quickly, but again he was disappointed. He didn't see Squicy. He just met some elphants, wolves, and rabbits. "Any one saw my friend squicy?" asked Mousy. "Sorry Mousy, we didn't see your friend" replied one of the elephant.Mousy walked down along the riverbank, then he met giraffes and beautiful birds. "Hi Mousy, where are you going?, you look sad today." asked one of the giraffes. " "I am okay, i am looking for Squicy. Did you or birds see him?" replied Mousy. "Sorry my friend, none of us saw Squicy, try to find him further down." said one of the birds. "Thank you my friends." replied Mousy.&lt;br /&gt;Mousy continued his journey, he walked further down of the riverbank, and shortly he met some snakes, he hoped the snakes saw Squicy around there. "How are you Mousy, long time not see you? are you looking for Squicy? he just crossed the river." said one of the snakes. "I am fine, yes, I am looking for Scuicy, and thank you for your information." said Mousy.&lt;br /&gt;Mousy felt tired, and desperately because he couldn't swim to cross the river, so he just sat on the riverbank. Suddenly, a crocodile shown up and asked him. "What's up squicy?, you look very sad." "I want to meet my friend Squicy, he just crossed the river, and I couldn't swim to catch him." replied Mousy. "Don't worry squicy, I will help you to cross the river." said crocodile again. "Oh really?" said Mousy.&lt;br /&gt;The crocodile called some of his friends. All crocodile worked together, they made a long row as a bridge for Mousy, then one of the crocodile asked Mousy to jump. Mousy jumped from one crocodile to another crocodiles, and finally he could cross the river. Mousy said thank you to all crocodiles.As soon as Mousy crossed the river, he met a lion family. Luckily, the lion king knew where the Squicy was. The lion king said that Squicy was playing with monkeys not far from them.&lt;br /&gt;Mousy walked slowly passing several big trees, and shortly he saw Squicy was playing with a monkey family.&lt;br /&gt;Mousy was very happy meeting his best friend, so did Squicy. They played together all day long. They promised that they will always close to each other forever.&lt;br /&gt;The End&lt;br /&gt;Source : http://www.earlychildhoodworksheets.com/mousedeer-1.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-8726309553262779822?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/8726309553262779822/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-adventure-of-mouse-deer.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/8726309553262779822'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/8726309553262779822'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-adventure-of-mouse-deer.html' title='Narrative Text : The Adventure of a Mouse Deer'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-2003212683433481440</id><published>2012-04-18T01:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-18T01:24:39.200-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative Story : Sleeping Beauty</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSRSYc8Vv23utWAEZYsPq2xeLoMYUi7FXB8zfsgh4BXC4vkQbl8" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" width="225" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSRSYc8Vv23utWAEZYsPq2xeLoMYUi7FXB8zfsgh4BXC4vkQbl8" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Long ago there lived a King and Queen who said every day, "If only we had a child!" But for a long time they had none.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day, as the Queen was bathing in a spring and dreaming of a child, a frog crept out of the water and said to her, "Your wish shall be fulfilled. Before a year has passed you shall bring a daughter into the world."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And since frogs are such magical creatures, it was no surprise that before a year had passed the Queen had a baby girl. The child was so beautiful and sweet that the King could not contain himself for joy. He prepared a great feast and invited all his friends, family and neighbours. He invited the fairies, too, in order that they might be kind and good to the child. There were thirteen of them in his kingdom, but as the King only had twelve golden plates for them to eat from, one of the fairies had to be left out. None of the guests was saddened by this as the thirteenth fairy was known to be cruel and spiteful.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An amazing feast was held and when it came to an end, each of the fairies presented the child with a magic gift. One fairy gave her virtue, another beauty, a third riches and so on -- with everything in the world that anyone could wish for.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After eleven of the fairies had presented their gifts, the thirteenth suddenly appeared. She was angry and wanted to show her spite for not having been invited to the feast. Without hesitation she called out in a loud voice,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"When she is fifteen years old, the Princess shall prick herself with a spindle and shall fall down dead!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then without another word, she turned and left the hall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The guests were horrified and the Queen fell to the floor sobbing, but the twelfth fairy, whose wish was still not spoken, quietly stepped forward. Her magic could not remove the curse, but she could soften it so she said,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Nay, your daughter shall not die, but instead shall fall into a deep sleep that will last one hundred years."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the years, the promises of the fairies came true -- one by one. The Princess grew to be beautiful, modest, kind and clever. Everyone who saw her could not help but love her.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The King and Queen were determined to prevent the curse placed on the Princess by the spiteful fairy and sent out a command that all the spindles in the whole kingdom should be destroyed. No one in the kingdom was allowed to tell the Princess of the curse that had been placed upon her for they did not want her to worry or be sad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the morning of her fifteenth birthday, the Princess awoke early -- excited to be another year older. She was up so early in the morning, that she realized everyone else still slept. The Princess roamed through the halls trying to keep herself occupied until the rest of the castle awoke. She wandered about the whole place, looking at rooms and halls as she pleased and at last she came to an old tower. She climbed the narrow, winding staircase and reached a little door. A rusty key was sticking in the lock and when she turned it, the door flew open.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a little room sat an old woman with a spindle, busily spinning her flax. The old woman was so deaf that she had never heard the King's command that all spindles should be destroyed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Good morning, Granny," said the Princess, "what are you doing?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am spinning," said the old woman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"What is the thing that whirls round so merrily?" asked the Princess and she took the spindle and tried to spin too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But she had scarcely touched the spindle when it pricked her finger. At that moment she fell upon the bed which was standing near and lay still in a deep sleep.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The King, Queen and servants had all started their morning routines and right in the midst of them fell asleep too. The horses fell asleep in the stable, the dogs in the yard, the doves on the roof and the flies on the wall. Even the fire in the hearth grew still and went to sleep. The kitchen maid, who sat with a chicken before her, ready to pluck its feathers, fell asleep. The cook was in the midst of scolding the kitchen boy for a mess he'd made but they both fell fast asleep. The wind died down and on the trees in front of the castle not a leaf stirred.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Round the castle a hedge of brier roses began to grow up. Every year it grew higher until at last nothing could be seen of the sleeping castle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There was a legend in the land about the lovely Sleeping Beauty, as the King's daughter was called, and from time to time Princes came and tried to force their way through the hedge and into the castle. But they found it impossible for the thorns, as though they were alive, grabbed at them and would not let them through.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After many years a Prince came again to the country and heard an old man tell the tale of the castle which stood behind the brier hedge and the beautiful Princess who had slept within for a hundred years. He heard also that many Princes had tried to make it through the brier hedge but none had succeeded and many had been caught in it and died.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The the young Prince said, "I am not afraid. I must go and see this Sleeping Beauty."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The good old man did all in his power to persuade him not to go, but the Prince would not listen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now the hundred years were just ended. When the Prince approached the brier hedge it was covered with beautiful large roses. The shrubs made way for him of their own accord and let him pass unharmed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the courtyard, the Prince saw the horses and dogs lying asleep. On the roof sat the sleeping doves with their heads tucked under their wings. When he went into the house, the flies were asleep on the walls and the servants asleep in the halls. Near the throne lay the King and Queen, sleeping peacefully beside each other. In the kitchen the cook, the kitchen boy and the kitchen maid all slept with their heads resting on the table.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Prince went on farther. All was so still that he could hear his own breathing. At last he reached the tower and opened the door into the little room where the Princess was asleep. There she lay, looking so beautiful that he could not take his eyes off her. He bent down and gave her a kiss. As he touched her, Sleeping Beauty opened her eyes and smiled up at him. Throughout the castle, everyone and everything woke up and looked at each other with astonished eyes. Within the month, the Prince and Sleeping Beauty were married and lived happily all their lives.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-2003212683433481440?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/2003212683433481440/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-story-sleeping-beauty.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2003212683433481440'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2003212683433481440'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-story-sleeping-beauty.html' title='Narrative Story : Sleeping Beauty'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-8624484682005794963</id><published>2012-04-18T00:51:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-18T00:51:42.641-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative Text Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;Bawang Putih lived with her step mother and her step sister, Bawang Merah. Bawang Putih’s mother died when she was a baby. Her father remarried another woman and later her step sister was born. Unfortunately, not long after that her father died. Since then, Bawang Putih’s life was sad. Her step mother and her step sister treated Bawang Putih badly and always asked her to do all the household chores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One morning, Bawang Putih was washing some clothes in a river. Accidentally, her mother’s clothes were washed away by the river. She was really worried so she walked along the river side to find the clothes. Finally she met an old woman. She said that she kept the clothes and would give them back to Bawang Putih if she helped the old woman do the household chores. Bawang Putih helped her happily. After everything was finished, the old woman returned the clothes. She also gave Bawang Putih a gift. The old woman had two pumpkins, one pumpkin was small and the other one was big. Bawang Putih had to choose one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bawang Putih was not a greedy girl. So she took the small one. After thanking the old woman, Bawang Putih then went home. When she arrived home, her step mother and Bawang Merah were angry. They had been waiting for her all day long. Bawang Putih then told about the clothes, the old woman, and the pumpkin. Her mother was really angry so she grabbed the pumpkin and smashed it to the floor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suddenly they all were surprised. Inside the pumpkin they found jewelries. “Bawang Merah, hurry up. Go to the river and throw my clothes into the water. After that, find the old woman. Remember, you have to take the big pumpkin,” the step mother asked Bawang Merah to do exactly the same as Bawang Putih’s experience. Bawang Merah immediately went to the river. She threw the clothes and pretended to search them. Not long after that, she met the old woman. Again she asked Bawang Merah to do household chores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She refused and asked the old woman to give her a big pumpkin. The old woman then gave her the big one. Bawang Merah was so happy. She ran very fast. When she arrived home, her mother was impatient. She directly smashed the pumpkin to the floor. They were screaming. There were a lot of snakes inside the pumpkin! They were really scared. They were afraid the snakes would bite them. “Mom, I think God just punished us. We had done bad things to Bawang Putih. And God didn’t like that. We have to apologize to Bawang Putih,” said Bawang Merah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally both of them realized their mistakes. They apologized and Bawang Putih forgave them. Now the family is not poor anymore. Bawang Putih decided to sell all the jewelries and used the money for their daily lives&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-8624484682005794963?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/8624484682005794963/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-bawang-merah-and-bawang.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/8624484682005794963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/8624484682005794963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-bawang-merah-and-bawang.html' title='Narrative Text Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-2206084153120950091</id><published>2012-04-17T02:38:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-17T02:38:04.790-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative Text Fable: Tiger and Fox</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://sigmatestudio.com/images/dion/foxtiger04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="253" width="441" src="http://sigmatestudio.com/images/dion/foxtiger04.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day a tiger saw a fox walking alone. Then, he intended to attack the fox. When Tiger jumped on Fox, Fox cried out, "How dare you attack the king of the jungle?" Tiger looked at him in amazement. "Nonsense! You are not King!" "Certainly I am," replied the Fox. "All the animals run from me in terror! If you want proof, come with me." Fox went into the forest with tiger in heels. When they came to a herd of deer, the deer saw Tiger behind the Fox and ran in all direction. They came to a group of monkey, the monkey saw the tiger behind fox and they fled. Fox looked to tiger and said, "Do you need more proof than that? See how the animals flee at the first sight of me?" "I am surprised, but I've seen it with my own eyes. Forgive me attacking you, Great King." Tiger bowed low with great ceremony, he let the fox go.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-2206084153120950091?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/2206084153120950091/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-fable-tiger-and-fox.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2206084153120950091'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2206084153120950091'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-fable-tiger-and-fox.html' title='Narrative Text Fable: Tiger and Fox'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-801932359887039939</id><published>2012-04-17T02:34:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-17T02:34:38.499-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative text : Toba Lake</title><content type='html'>Once upon a time, there was a man who was living in north Sumatera. He lived in a simple hut in a farm field. They did some gardening and fishing for his daily life.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day, while the man was fishing, he caught a big golden fish in his trap. It was the biggest catch which he ever had in his life. Surprisingly, this fish turned into a beautiful princess. He felt in love with her and proposed her to be his wife. She said; "Yes, but you have to promise not to tell anyone about the secret that I was once a fish, otherwise there will be a huge disaster". The man made the deal and they got married, lived happily and had a daughter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Few years later, this daughter would help bringing lunch to her father out in the fields. One day, his daughter was so hungry and she ate his father’s lunch. Unfortunately, he found out and got furious, and shouted; “You damned daughter of a fish”. The daughter ran home and asked her mother. The mother started crying, felt sad that her husband had broke his promise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then she told her daughter to run up the hills because a huge disaster was about to come. When her daughter left, she prayed. Soon there was a big earthquake followed by non-stop pouring rain. The whole area got flooded and became Toba Lake. She turned into a fish again and the man became the island of Samosir.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-801932359887039939?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/801932359887039939/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-toba-lake.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/801932359887039939'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/801932359887039939'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-toba-lake.html' title='Narrative text : Toba Lake'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-3378738384074638886</id><published>2012-04-17T02:33:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-17T02:33:27.753-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Narrative text : Sangkuriang</title><content type='html'>Long Time Ago, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-3378738384074638886?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/3378738384074638886/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-sangkuriang.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/3378738384074638886'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/3378738384074638886'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/narrative-text-sangkuriang.html' title='Narrative text : Sangkuriang'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-5023484117633017152</id><published>2012-04-17T02:28:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-17T02:28:26.403-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sejarah Internet</title><content type='html'>Internet merupakan jaringan komputer yang dibentuk oleh Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1969, melalui proyek ARPA yang disebut ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network), di mana mereka mendemonstrasikan bagaimana dengan hardware dan software komputer yang berbasis UNIX, kita bisa melakukan komunikasi dalam jarak yang tidak terhingga melalui saluran telepon. Proyek ARPANET merancang bentuk jaringan, kehandalan, seberapa besar informasi dapat dipindahkan, dan akhirnya semua standar yang mereka tentukan menjadi cikal bakal pembangunan protokol baru yang sekarang dikenal sebagai TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tujuan awal dibangunnya proyek itu adalah untuk keperluan militer. Pada saat itu Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat (US Department of Defense) membuat sistem jaringan komputer yang tersebar dengan menghubungkan komputer di daerah-daerah vital untuk mengatasi masalah bila terjadi serangan nuklir dan untuk menghindari terjadinya informasi terpusat, yang apabila terjadi perang dapat mudah dihancurkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada mulanya ARPANET hanya menghubungkan 4 situs saja yaitu Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, di mana mereka membentuk satu jaringan terpadu pada tahun 1969, dan secara umum ARPANET diperkenalkan pada bulan Oktober 1972. Tidak lama kemudian proyek ini berkembang pesat di seluruh daerah, dan semua universitas di negara tersebut ingin bergabung, sehingga membuat ARPANET kesulitan untuk mengaturnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oleh sebab itu ARPANET dipecah manjadi dua, yaitu "MILNET" untuk keperluan militer dan "ARPANET" baru yang lebih kecil untuk keperluan non-militer seperti, universitas-universitas. Gabungan kedua jaringan akhirnya dikenal dengan nama DARPA Internet, yang kemudian disederhanakan menjadi Internet.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-5023484117633017152?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/5023484117633017152/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/sejarah-internet.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/5023484117633017152'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/5023484117633017152'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/sejarah-internet.html' title='Sejarah Internet'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-3511248440799446872</id><published>2012-04-16T01:28:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-17T02:03:34.825-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sejarah Telepon Genggam</title><content type='html'>Seperti biasa kita awali dengan pengertian..&lt;br /&gt;Telepon seluler (ponsel) atau telepon genggam (telgam) atau handphone (HP) atau disebut pula adalah perangkat telekomunikasi elektronik yang mempunyai kemampuan dasar yang sama dengan telepon konvensional saluran tetap, namun dapat dibawa ke mana-mana (portabel, mobile) dan tidak perlu disambungkan dengan jaringan telepon menggunakan kabel (nirkabel; wireless). Saat ini Indonesia mempunyai dua jaringan telepon nirkabel yaitu sistem GSM (Global System for Mobile Telecommunications) dan sistem CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Badan yang mengatur telekomunikasi seluler Indonesia adalah Asosiasi Telekomunikasi Seluler Indonesia (ATSI).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sejarah Awal Telepon Genggam&lt;br /&gt;Penemu sistem telepon genggam yang pertama adalah Martin Cooper, seorang karyawan Motorola pada tanggal 03 April 1973, walaupun banyak disebut-sebut penemu telepon genggam adalah sebuah tim dari salah satu divisi Motorola (divisi tempat Cooper bekerja) dengan model pertama adalah DynaTAC. Ide yang dicetuskan oleh Cooper adalah sebuah alat komunikasi yang kecil dan mudah dibawa bepergian secara fleksibel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cooper bersama timnya menghadapi tantangan bagaimana memasukkan semua material elektronik ke dalam alat yang berukuran kecil tersebut untuk pertama kalinya. Namun akhirnya sebuah telepon genggam pertama berhasil diselesaikan dengan total bobot seberat dua kilogram. Untuk memproduksinya, Motorola membutuhkan biaya setara dengan US$1 juta. “Pada tahun 1983, telepon genggam portabel berharga US$4 ribu (Rp36 juta) setara dengan US$10 ribu (Rp90 juta).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah berhasil memproduksi telepon genggam, tantangan terbesar berikutnya adalah mengadaptasi infrastruktur untuk mendukung sistem komunikasi telepon genggam tersebut dengan menciptakan sistem jaringan yang hanya membutuhkan 3 MHz spektrum, setara dengan lima channel TV yang tersalur ke seluruh dunia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tokoh lain yang diketahui sangat berjasa dalam dunia komunikasi selular adalah Amos Joel Jr yang lahir di Philadelphia, 12 Maret 1918, ia memang diakui dunia sebagai pakar dalam bidang switching. Ia mendapat ijazah bachelor (1940) dan master (1942) dalam teknik elektronik dari MIT. Tidak lama setelah studi, ia memulai kariernya selama 43 tahun (dari Juli 1940-Maret 1983) di Bell Telephone Laboratories, tempat ia menerima lebih dari 70 paten Amerika di bidang telekomunikasi, khususnya di bidang switching. Amos E Joel Jr, membuat sistem penyambung (switching) ponsel dari satu wilayah sel ke wilayah sel yang lain. Switching ini harus bekerja ketika pengguna ponsel bergerak atau berpindah dari satu sel ke sel lain sehingga pembicaraan tidak terputus. Karena penemuan Amos Joel inilah penggunaan ponsel menjadi nyaman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Perkembangan Handphone&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi 0&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/4a/Handie-talkie_SCR536_tahun_1940.jpg/220px-Handie-talkie_SCR536_tahun_1940.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear:right; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="154" width="220" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/4a/Handie-talkie_SCR536_tahun_1940.jpg/220px-Handie-talkie_SCR536_tahun_1940.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRapGnK51ddFJbMMNpKp2cLfDuoVmfoOhJwAh1ophce23hxL9O3Ww" imageanchor="1" style="clear:right; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="173" width="292" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRapGnK51ddFJbMMNpKp2cLfDuoVmfoOhJwAh1ophce23hxL9O3Ww" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sejarah penemuan telepon seluler tidak lepas dari perkembangan radio. Awal penemuan telepon seluler dimulai pada tahun 1921 ketika Departemen Kepolisian Detroit Michigan mencoba menggunakan telepon mobil satu arah. Kemudian, pada tahun 1928 Kepolisian Detroit mulai menggunakan radio komunikasi satu arah regular pada semua mobil patroli dengan frekuensi 2 MHz. pada perkembangan selanjutnya, radio komunikasi berkembang menjadi dua arah dengan ‘’frequency modulated ‘’(FM).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tahun 1940, Galvin Manufactory Corporation (sekarang Motorola)mengembangkan portable Handie-talkie SCR536, yang berarti sebuah alat komunikasi di medan perang saat perang dunia II. Masa ini merupakan generasi 0 telepon seluler atau 0-G, dimana telepon seluler mulai diperkenalkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah mengeluarkan SCR536,kemudian pada tahun 1943 Galvin Manufactory Corporation mengeluarkan kembali partable FM radio dua arah pertama yang diberi nama SCR300 dengan model backpack untuk tentara U.S. Alat ini memiliki berat sekitar 35 pon dan dapat bekerja secara efektif dalam jarak operasi 10 sampai 20 mil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sistem telepon seluler 0-G masih menggunakan sebuah sistem radio VHF untuk menghubungkan telepon secara langsung pada PSTN landline. Kelemahan sistem ini adalah masalah pada jaringan kongesti yang kemudian memunculkan usaha-usaha untuk mengganti sistem ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi 0 diakhiri dengan penemuan konsep modern oleh insinyur-insinyur dari Bell Labs pada tahun 1947. Mereka menemukan konsep penggunaan telepon hexagonal sebagai dasar telepon seluler. Namun, konsep ini baru dikembangkan pada 1960-an.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9e0AAKmnTwRc3m_Rg8kMvUAIHE6uF49AxwDAbI3NdNARyEXKz8w" imageanchor="1" style="clear:left; float:left;margin-right:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="146" width="220" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9e0AAKmnTwRc3m_Rg8kMvUAIHE6uF49AxwDAbI3NdNARyEXKz8w" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Telepon genggam generasi pertama disebut juga 1G. 1-G merupakan telepon genggam pertama yang sebenarnya. Tahun 1973, Martin Cooper dari Motorola Corp menemukan telepon seluler pertama dan diperkenalkan kepada public pada 3 April 1973. Telepon seluler yang ditemukan oleh Cooper memiliki berat 30 ons atau sekitar 800 gram. Penemuan inilah yang telah mengubah dunia selamanya. Teknologi yang digunakan 1-G masih bersifat analog dan dikenal dengan istilah AMPS. AMPS menggunakan frekuensi antara 825 Mhz- 894 Mhz dan dioperasikan pada Band 800 Mhz. Karena bersifat analog, maka sistem yang digunakan masih bersifat regional. Salah satu kekurangan generasi 1-G adalah karena ukurannya yang terlalu besar untuk dipegang oleh tangan. Ukuran yang besar ini dikarenakan keperluan tenaga dan performa baterai yang kurang baik. Selain itu generasi 1-G masih memiliki masalah dengan mobilitas pengguna. Pada saat melakukan panggilan, mobilitas pengguna terbatas pada jangkauan area telpon genggam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTerM7PUJDb9keEMM3TIX66oeXV0d8YkCCane3x3p-qQoJCKCbX" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="229" width="207" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTerM7PUJDb9keEMM3TIX66oeXV0d8YkCCane3x3p-qQoJCKCbX" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi kedua atau 2-G muncul pada sekitar tahun 1990-an. 2G di Amerika sudah menggunakan teknologi CDMA, sedangkan di Eropa menggunakan teknologi GSM. GSM menggunakan frekuensi standar 900 Mhz dan frekuensi 1800 Mhz. Dengan frekuensi tersebut, GSM memiliki kapasitas pelanggan yang lebih besar. Pada generasi 2G sinyal analog sudah diganti dengan sinyal digital. Penggunaan sinyal digital memperlengkapi telepon genggam dengan pesan suara, panggilan tunggu, dan SMS. Telepon seluler pada generasi ini juga memiliki ukuran yang lebih kecil dan lebih ringan karena penggunaan teknologi chip digital. Ukuran yang lebih kecil juga dikarenakan kebutuhan tenaga baterai yang lebih kecil. Keunggulan dari generasi 2G adalah ukuran dan berat yang lebih kecil serta sinyal radio yang lebih rendah, sehingga mengurangi efek radiasi yang membayakan pengguna.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_w-GDQQzs9lk/TTxIRhT0SEI/AAAAAAAAAD0/q4u0vJ0YYnc/s1600/Ponsel1996.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear:right; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="479" width="641" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_w-GDQQzs9lk/TTxIRhT0SEI/AAAAAAAAAD0/q4u0vJ0YYnc/s1600/Ponsel1996.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi ini disebut juga 3G yang memungkinkan operator jaringan untuk memberi pengguna mereka jangkauan yang lebih luas, termasuk internet sebaik video call berteknologi tinggi. Dalam 3G terdapat 3 standar untuk dunia telekomunikasi yaitu Enhance Datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband-CDMA, dan CDMA 2000. Kelemahan dari generasi 3G ini adalah biaya yang relatif lebih tinggi, dan kurangnya cakupan jaringan karena masih barunya teknologi ini. Tapi yang menarik pada generasi ini adalah mulai dimasukkannya sistem operasi pada ponsel sehingga membuat fitur ponsel semakin lengkap bahkan mendekati fungsi PC. Sistem operasi yang digunakan antara lain Symbian, Android dan Windows Mobile&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi 4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDWmURTaFFzp6xXhxf8p_kTT-J0JVLR2w6Sc3ghbQUiA9Fr6sF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="194" width="260" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDWmURTaFFzp6xXhxf8p_kTT-J0JVLR2w6Sc3ghbQUiA9Fr6sF" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi ini disebut juga Fourth Generation (4G). 4G merupakan sistem ponsel yang menawarkan pendekatan baru dan solusi infrastruktur yang mengintegrasikan teknologi nirkabel yang telah ada termasuk wireless broadband (WiBro), 802.16e, CDMA, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, dan lain-lain. Sistem 4G berdasarkan heterogenitas jaringan IP yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk menggunakan beragam sistem kapan saja dan di mana saja. 4G juga memberikan penggunanya kecepatan tinggi, volume tinggi, kualitas baik, jangkauan global, dan fleksibilitas untuk menjelajahi berbagai teknologi berbeda. Terakhir, 4G memberikan pelayanan pengiriman data cepat untuk mengakomodasi berbagai aplikasi multimedia seperti, video conferencing, online game, dan lain-lain.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-3511248440799446872?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/3511248440799446872/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/sejarah-telepon-genggam.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/3511248440799446872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/3511248440799446872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/sejarah-telepon-genggam.html' title='Sejarah Telepon Genggam'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_w-GDQQzs9lk/TTxIRhT0SEI/AAAAAAAAAD0/q4u0vJ0YYnc/s72-c/Ponsel1996.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-797297214105461355.post-2588605769632667916</id><published>2012-04-13T23:07:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-13T23:10:54.381-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sejarah Komputer dari Generasi ke Generasi</title><content type='html'>Pertama mungkin akan kita awali dengan pengertiannya dulu..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Komputer adalah alat yang dipakai untuk mengolah data menurut perintah yang telah dirumuskan. Kata komputer semula dipergunakan untuk menggambarkan orang yang perkerjaannya melakukan perhitungan aritmatika, dengan atau tanpa alat bantu, tetapi arti kata ini kemudian dipindahkan kepada mesin itu sendiri. Asal mulanya, pengolahan informasi hampir eksklusif berhubungan dengan masalah aritmatika, tetapi komputer modern dipakai untuk banyak tugas yang tidak berhubungan dengan matematika.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secara luas, Komputer dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu peralatan elektronik yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen, yang dapat bekerja sama antara komponen satu dengan yang lain untuk menghasilkan suatu informasi berdasarkan program dan data yang ada. Adapun komponen komputer adalah meliputi : Layar Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse dan Printer (sbg pelengkap). Tanpa printer komputer tetap dapat melakukan tugasnya sebagai pengolah data, namun sebatas terlihat dilayar monitor belum dalam bentuk print out (kertas).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam definisi seperti itu terdapat alat seperti slide rule, jenis kalkulator mekanik mulai dari abakus dan seterusnya, sampai semua komputer elektronik yang kontemporer. Istilah lebih baik yang cocok untuk arti luas seperti "komputer" adalah "yang memproses informasi" atau "sistem pengolah informasi."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;GENERASI-GENERASI KOMPUTER&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi Pertama&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NpYId5ifZXo/T4kRpe4ycXI/AAAAAAAAAEA/1TkKWFy1010/s1600/kmptr-generasi-pertama.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear:right; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" width="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NpYId5ifZXo/T4kRpe4ycXI/AAAAAAAAAEA/1TkKWFy1010/s320/kmptr-generasi-pertama.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dengan terjadinya Perang Dunia Kedua, negara-negara yang terlibat dalam perang tersebut berusaha mengembangkan komputer untuk mengeksploit potensi strategis yang dimiliki komputer. Hal ini meningkatkan pendanaan pengembangan komputer serta mempercepat kemajuan teknik komputer. Pada tahun 1941, Konrad Zuse, seorang insinyur Jerman membangun sebuah komputer, Z3, untuk mendesain pesawat terbang dan peluru kendali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pihak sekutu juga membuat kemajuan lain dalam pengembangan kekuatan komputer. Tahun 1943, pihak Inggris menyelesaikan komputer pemecah kode rahasia yang dinamakan Colossus untuk memecahkan kode rahasia yang digunakan Jerman. Dampak pembuatan Colossus tidak terlalu memengaruhi perkembangan industri komputer dikarenakan dua alasan. Pertama, Colossus bukan merupakan komputer serbaguna(general-purpose computer), ia hanya didesain untuk memecahkan kode rahasia. Kedua, keberadaan mesin ini dijaga kerahasiaannya hingga satu dekade setelah perang berakhir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Usaha yang dilakukan oleh pihak Amerika pada saat itu menghasilkan suatu kemajuan lain. Howard H. Aiken (1900-1973), seorang insinyur Harvard yang bekerja dengan IBM, berhasil memproduksi kalkulator elektronik untuk US Navy. Kalkulator tersebut berukuran panjang setengah lapangan bola kaki dan memiliki rentang kabel sepanjang 500 mil. The Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, atau Mark I, merupakan komputer relai elektronik. Ia menggunakan sinyal elektromagnetik untuk menggerakkan komponen mekanik. Mesin tersebut beropreasi dengan lambat (ia membutuhkan 3-5 detik untuk setiap perhitungan) dan tidak fleksibel (urutan kalkulasi tidak dapat diubah). Kalkulator tersebut dapat melakukan perhitungan aritmatik dasar dan persamaan yang lebih kompleks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perkembangan komputer lain pada masa kini adalah Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), yang dibuat oleh kerjasama antara pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan University of Pennsylvania. Terdiri dari 18.000 tabung vakum, 70.000 resistor, dan 5 juta titik solder, komputer tersebut merupakan mesin yang sangat besar yang mengonsumsi daya sebesar 160kW.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Komputer ini dirancang oleh John Presper Eckert (1919-1995) dan John W. Mauchly (1907-1980), ENIAC merupakan komputer serbaguna (general purpose computer) yang bekerja 1000 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan Mark I.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada pertengahan 1940-an, John von Neumann (1903-1957) bergabung dengan tim University of Pennsylvania dalam usaha membangun konsep desain komputer yang hingga 40 tahun mendatang masih dipakai dalam teknik komputer. Von Neumann mendesain Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) pada tahun 1945 dengan sebuah memori untuk menampung baik program ataupun data. Teknik ini memungkinkan komputer untuk berhenti pada suatu saat dan kemudian melanjutkan pekerjaannya kembali. Kunci utama arsitektur von Neumann adalah unit pemrosesan sentral (CPU), yang memungkinkan seluruh fungsi komputer untuk dikoordinasikan melalui satu sumber tunggal. Tahun 1951, UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) yang dibuat oleh Remington Rand, menjadi komputer komersial pertama yang memanfaatkan model arsitektur Von Neumann tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baik Badan Sensus Amerika Serikat dan General Electric memiliki UNIVAC. Salah satu hasil mengesankan yang dicapai oleh UNIVAC dalah keberhasilannya dalam memprediksi kemenangan Dwilight D. Eisenhower dalam pemilihan presiden tahun 1952.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Komputer Generasi pertama dikarakteristik dengan fakta bahwa instruksi operasi dibuat secara spesifik untuk suatu tugas tertentu. Setiap komputer memiliki program kode biner yang berbeda yang disebut "bahasa mesin" (machine language). Hal ini menyebabkan komputer sulit untuk diprogram dan membatasi kecepatannya. Ciri lain komputer generasi pertama adalah penggunaan tube vakum (yang membuat komputer pada masa tersebut berukuran sangat besar) dan silinder magnetik untuk penyimpanan data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi Kedua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AaXtZLQRUVY/T4kS2vo1JtI/AAAAAAAAAEM/hUSmayx8p9k/s1600/index.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear:left; float:left;margin-right:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="198" width="254" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AaXtZLQRUVY/T4kS2vo1JtI/AAAAAAAAAEM/hUSmayx8p9k/s320/index.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Pada tahun 1948, penemuan transistor sangat memengaruhi perkembangan komputer. Transistor menggantikan tube vakum di televisi, radio, dan komputer. Akibatnya, ukuran mesin-mesin elektrik berkurang drastis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transistor mulai digunakan di dalam komputer mulai pada tahun 1956. Penemuan lain yang berupa pengembangan memori inti-magnetik membantu pengembangan komputer generasi kedua yang lebih kecil, lebih cepat, lebih dapat diandalkan, dan lebih hemat energi dibanding para pendahulunya. Mesin pertama yang memanfaatkan teknologi baru ini adalah superkomputer. IBM membuat superkomputer bernama Stretch, dan Sprery-Rand membuat komputer bernama LARC. Komputer-komputer ini, yang dikembangkan untuk laboratorium energi atom, dapat menangani sejumlah besar data, sebuah kemampuan yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh peneliti atom. Mesin tersebut sangat mahal dan cenderung terlalu kompleks untuk kebutuhan komputasi bisnis, sehingga membatasi kepopulerannya. Hanya ada dua LARC yang pernah dipasang dan digunakan: satu di Lawrence Radiation Labs di Livermore, California, dan yang lainnya di US Navy Research and Development Center di Washington D.C. Komputer generasi kedua menggantikan bahasa mesin dengan bahasa assembly. Bahasa assembly adalah bahasa yang menggunakan singkatan-singakatan untuk menggantikan kode biner.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada awal 1960-an, mulai bermunculan komputer generasi kedua yang sukses di bidang bisnis, di universitas, dan di pemerintahan. Komputer-komputer generasi kedua ini merupakan komputer yang sepenuhnya menggunakan transistor. Mereka juga memiliki komponen-komponen yang dapat diasosiasikan dengan komputer pada saat ini: printer, penyimpanan dalam disket, memory, sistem operasi, dan program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Salah satu contoh penting komputer pada masa ini adalah 1401 yang diterima secara luas di kalangan industri. Pada tahun 1965, hampir seluruh bisnis-bisnis besar menggunakan komputer generasi kedua untuk memprosesinformasi keuangan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Program yang tersimpan di dalam komputer dan bahasa pemrograman yang ada di dalamnya memberikan fleksibilitas kepada komputer. Fleksibilitas ini meningkatkan kinerja dengan harga yang pantas bagi penggunaan bisnis. Dengan konsep ini, komputer dapat mencetak faktur pembelian konsumen dan kemudian menjalankan desain produk atau menghitung daftar gaji. Beberapa bahasa pemrograman mulai bermunculan pada saat itu. Bahasa pemrograman Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) dan Formula Translator (FORTRAN) mulai umum digunakan. Bahasa pemrograman ini menggantikan kode mesin yang rumit dengan kata-kata, kalimat, dan formula matematika yang lebih mudah dipahami oleh manusia. Hal ini memudahkan seseorang untuk memprogram dan mengatur komputer. Berbagai macam karier baru bermunculan (programmer, analis sistem, dan ahli sistem komputer). Industr piranti lunak juga mulai bermunculan dan berkembang pada masa komputer generasi kedua ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi Ketiga&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tCtRvvK19Xw/T4kTOCU07qI/AAAAAAAAAEY/qgx84Aq5QMQ/s1600/komputer-generasi-ketiga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear:right; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="231" width="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tCtRvvK19Xw/T4kTOCU07qI/AAAAAAAAAEY/qgx84Aq5QMQ/s320/komputer-generasi-ketiga.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Walaupun transistor dalam banyak hal mengungguli tube vakum, namun transistor menghasilkan panas yang cukup besar, yang dapat berpotensi merusak bagian-bagian internal komputer. Batu kuarsa (quartz rock) menghilangkan masalah ini. Jack Kilby, seorang insinyur di Texas Instrument, mengembangkan sirkuit terintegrasi (IC : integrated circuit) di tahun 1958. IC mengkombinasikan tiga komponen elektronik dalam sebuah piringan silikon kecil yang terbuat dari pasir kuarsa. Pada ilmuwan kemudian berhasil memasukkan lebih banyak komponen-komponen ke dalam suatu chip tunggal yang disebut semikonduktor. Hasilnya, komputer menjadi semakin kecil karena komponen-komponen dapat dipadatkan dalam chip. Kemajuan komputer generasi ketiga lainnya adalah penggunaan sistem operasi (operating system) yang memungkinkan mesin untuk menjalankan berbagai program yang berbeda secara serentak dengan sebuah program utama yang memonitor dan mengkoordinasi memori komputer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi Keempat&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f3xS8NKHMmk/T4kTnPB8KDI/AAAAAAAAAEk/p_3OSrOdaao/s1600/4%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="151" width="183" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f3xS8NKHMmk/T4kTnPB8KDI/AAAAAAAAAEk/p_3OSrOdaao/s320/4%2B%25282%2529.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah IC, tujuan pengembangan menjadi lebih jelas: mengecilkan ukuran sirkuit dan komponen-komponen elektrik. Large Scale Integration (LSI) dapat memuat ratusan komponen dalam sebuah chip. Pada tahun 1980-an, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) memuat ribuan komponen dalam sebuah chip tunggal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI) meningkatkan jumlah tersebut menjadi jutaan. Kemampuan untuk memasang sedemikian banyak komponen dalam suatu keping yang berukurang setengah keping uang logam mendorong turunnya harga dan ukuran komputer. Hal tersebut juga meningkatkan daya kerja, efisiensi dan keterandalan komputer. Chip Intel 4004 yang dibuat pada tahun 1971membawa kemajuan pada IC dengan meletakkan seluruh komponen dari sebuah komputer (central processing unit, memori, dan kendali input/output) dalam sebuah chip yang sangat kecil. Sebelumnya, IC dibuat untuk mengerjakan suatu tugas tertentu yang spesifik. Sekarang, sebuah mikroprosesor dapat diproduksi dan kemudian diprogram untuk memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan yang diinginkan. Tidak lama kemudian, setiap piranti rumah tangga seperti microwave, oven, televisi, dan mobil dengan electronic fuel injection (EFI) dilengkapi dengan mikroprosesor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perkembangan yang demikian memungkinkan orang-orang biasa untuk menggunakan komputer biasa. Komputer tidak lagi menjadi dominasi perusahaan-perusahaan besar atau lembaga pemerintah. Pada pertengahan tahun 1970-an, perakit komputer menawarkan produk komputer mereka ke masyarakat umum. Komputer-komputer ini, yang disebut minikomputer, dijual dengan paket piranti lunak yang mudah digunakan oleh kalangan awam. Piranti lunak yang paling populer pada saat itu adalah program word processing dan spreadsheet. Pada awal 1980-an, video game seperti Atari 2600 menarik perhatian konsumen pada komputer rumahan yang lebih canggih dan dapat diprogram.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada tahun 1981, IBM memperkenalkan penggunaan Personal Computer (PC) untuk penggunaan di rumah, kantor, dan sekolah. Jumlah PC yang digunakan melonjak dari 2 juta unit di tahun 1981 menjadi 5,5 juta unit di tahun 1982. Sepuluh tahun kemudian, 65 juta PC digunakan. Komputer melanjutkan evolusinya menuju ukuran yang lebih kecil, dari komputer yang berada di atas meja (desktop computer) menjadi komputer yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam tas (laptop), atau bahkan komputer yang dapat digenggam (palmtop).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IBM PC bersaing dengan Apple Macintosh dalam memperebutkan pasar komputer. Apple Macintosh menjadi terkenal karena memopulerkan sistem grafis pada komputernya, sementara saingannya masih menggunakan komputer yang berbasis teks. Macintosh juga memopulerkan penggunaan piranti mouse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada masa sekarang, kita mengenal perjalanan IBM compatible dengan pemakaian CPU: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial dari CPU buatan Intel). Juga kita kenal AMD k6, Athlon, dsb. Ini semua masuk dalam golongan komputer generasi keempat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seiring dengan menjamurnya penggunaan komputer di tempat kerja, cara-cara baru untuk menggali potensial terus dikembangkan. Seiring dengan bertambah kuatnya suatu komputer kecil, komputer-komputer tersebut dapat dihubungkan secara bersamaan dalam suatu jaringan untuk saling berbagi memori, piranti lunak, informasi, dan juga untuk dapat saling berkomunikasi satu dengan yang lainnya. Jaringan komputer memungkinkan komputer tunggal untuk membentuk kerjasama elektronik untuk menyelesaikan suatu proses tugas. Dengan menggunakan perkabelan langsung (disebut juga Local Area Network atau LAN), atau [kabel telepon, jaringan ini dapat berkembang menjadi sangat besar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Generasi Kelima&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XxktoEcqWqU/T4kUBueF4SI/AAAAAAAAAEw/dQZo4sGaYKw/s1600/komputer.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="220" width="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XxktoEcqWqU/T4kUBueF4SI/AAAAAAAAAEw/dQZo4sGaYKw/s320/komputer.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_lS8ADpeido/T4kUBz0BXeI/AAAAAAAAAE4/EDt7MUYeGt8/s1600/generasi-kelima.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="255" width="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_lS8ADpeido/T4kUBz0BXeI/AAAAAAAAAE4/EDt7MUYeGt8/s320/generasi-kelima.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mendefinisikan komputer generasi kelima menjadi cukup sulit karena tahap ini masih sangat muda. Contoh imajinatif komputer generasi kelima adalah komputer fiksi HAL9000 dari novel karya Arthur C. Clarke berjudul 2001: Space Odyssey. HAL menampilkan seluruh fungsi yang diinginkan dari sebuah komputer generasi kelima. Dengan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence atau AI), HAL dapat cukup memiliki nalar untuk melakukan percapakan dengan manusia, menggunakan masukan visual, dan belajar dari pengalamannya sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Walaupun mungkin realisasi HAL9000 masih jauh dari kenyataan, banyak fungsi-fungsi yang dimilikinya sudah terwujud. Beberapa komputer dapat menerima instruksi secara lisan dan mampu meniru nalar manusia. Kemampuan untuk menterjemahkan bahasa asing juga menjadi mungkin. Fasilitas ini tampak sederhana. Namun fasilitas tersebut menjadi jauh lebih rumit dari yang diduga ketika programmer menyadari bahwa pengertian manusia sangat bergantung pada konteks dan pengertian ketimbang sekedar menterjemahkan kata-kata secara langsung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Banyak kemajuan di bidang desain komputer dan teknologi yang semakin memungkinkan pembuatan komputer generasi kelima. Dua kemajuan rekayasa yang terutama adalah kemampuan pemrosesan paralel, yang akan menggantikan model non Neumann. Model non Neumann akan digantikan dengan sistem yang mampu mengkoordinasikan banyak CPU untuk bekerja secara serempak. Kemajuan lain adalah teknologi superkonduktor yang memungkinkan aliran elektrik tanpa ada hambatan apapun, yang nantinya dapat mempercepat kecepatan informasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jepang adalah negara yang terkenal dalam sosialisasi jargon dan proyek komputer generasi kelima. Lembaga ICOT (Institute for new Computer Technology) juga dibentuk untuk merealisasikannya. Banyak kabar yang menyatakan bahwa proyek ini telah gagal, namun beberapa informasi lain bahwa keberhasilan proyek komputer generasi kelima ini akan membawa perubahan baru paradigma komputerisasi di dunia.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/797297214105461355-2588605769632667916?l=ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/feeds/2588605769632667916/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/sejarah-komputer-dari-generasi-ke.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2588605769632667916'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/797297214105461355/posts/default/2588605769632667916'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ngeblogbersamaqwerty.blogspot.com/2012/04/sejarah-komputer-dari-generasi-ke.html' title='Sejarah Komputer dari Generasi ke Generasi'/><author><name>Ngeblog bersama qwerty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12454356264078351772</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='26' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tZo6iFlo7R8/TQsd9Pd_bAI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mlAKfT5zf8g/S220/1_345535784l.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NpYId5ifZXo/T4kRpe4ycXI/AAAAAAAAAEA/1TkKWFy1010/s72-c/kmptr-generasi-pertama.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>