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Courses after 12th Science

noreply@blogger.com (Nabeel Ahmed) — Sun, 1 Aug 2021 03:06:00 +0530

Courses after 12th Science

B. E. (Bachelor of Engineering) / B.Tech (B. Technology)
B.Arch (B. Architecture)
B.F. list of UG engineering courses
B. Ed.
Bachelor of Science
B.Sc. (Hons.) Physics
B.Sc. (Hons.) Chemistry
B. Sc. (Hons.) Biology
B. Sc. (Hons.) Zoology
B. Sc. (Hons.) Botany
B. Sc. Microbiology
B. Sc. Biochemistry
B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics
B. Sc. Psychology
B. Sc. Nutrition and dietetics
B. Sc. Information Technology
B. Sc. Food Science and Technology
Bachelor in Physiotherapy
B. Sc. Anthropology
MBBS
B.Pharma
BCA
Basic Nursing Course
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)
Bachelor of Social Work
Bachelor of Physiotherapy
Bachelor of Homeopathy Medicine

Under B.Tech, various courses are after 12th which include:

List of UG (Under graduate) engineering courses

Aeronautical Engineering
Automobile Engineering
Automation and Robotics
Biotechnology Engineering
Civil Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Petroleum Engineering
Instrumentation Engineering
Ceramic Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Construction Engineering
Power Engineering
Robotics Engineering
Textile Engineering
Smart Manufacturing & Automation

List of Competitive Exams after 12th Science:

Architecture Entrance Exams

Students having passion in the process of designing, planning, and constructing buildings and structures, then architecture is the right field for them. Some of the top national level architecture entrance exams:

NATA
JEE-MAIN

Medical Entrance Exams:

For the PCB(Physics, Chemistry & Biology) students top national level medical entrance exams are NEET- UG, AIPMT and AIIMS MBBS.

Engineering Entrance Exam:

For the PCM(Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics) students entrance exams are JEE Main & JEE Advanced.

Government Competitive Exams after 12th Class :

Railway Recruitment Exam
SSC (Staff Selection Commission)
(CHSL, CGL, JHT, Stenographer, Junior Engineer, GD Constable, Multitasking Staff & more)

Public Service Commission
Insurance Exams
Bank Exams

Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants

noreply@blogger.com (Nabeel Ahmed) — Mon, 19 Apr 2021 04:19:00 +0530

Class 12th

1- Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants

Reproduction:" It the production of young one like parent's, it is an essential process which leads to continuation of species. Reproduction has two categories.

1) Asexual reproduction & 2) Sexual reproduction

1) Asexual reproduction: It occurs without fusion of two gamets or sex cells. This produces genetically identical progeny. They also identical in morphologicaly. Morphological and genetically identical individuals are called clone. It occurs by different modes or way like fragmentation, budding, spore formation, vegetative propagation, etc.

i) Fragmentation: In this breaking down into fragments is due to some reasons. e.g. spirogyra.

ii. Budding : The most common method of asexual reproduction in unicellular Yeast. It occurs by producing one or more outgrowths (buds). On separation this buds grow into new individual.

iii. Spore formation : It occurs with the help of spores.Mainly occurs in flagellated body. The motile zoospores in Chlamydomonas can grow independently into new one.

Other methods of asexual reproduction are Binary fission occurs in Amoeba, Paramoecium; Conidia formation in Penicillium and Gemmules formation in Sponges.

iv) Vegetative Reproduction :

New plants are genetically identical as their parents.
Reproduction occurs via vegetative parts of the plants.
Many desired plants can be grown naturally or artificially as the requirement of human.

various methods:

a. Cutting : "The small vegetative cut part of plant which having more buds is used for propagation.

e.g. stem cutting - Rose plants , leaf cutting - sonsvieria & root cutting e.g. Blackberry.

b. Grafting : " Joining of the two plants so that it grow as a single plant. In this rooted part of plant (stock) & joining part (scion)(contain more than one bud) is called grafting.

c. Tissue culture : " The small amount of plant tissues is grown into a single plant. Micropropagation method is also used these a days.

COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

noreply@blogger.com (Nabeel Ahmed) — Sun, 28 Mar 2021 03:14:00 +0530

Class 12

9-COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Introduction;

A coordination compound consists of central metal atom or ion surrounded by atoms or molecules.

Eg. A chemotherapy drug, cis-platin, Pt(NH3)2Cl2, is a coordination compound in which the central platinum metal ion is surrounded by two ammonia molecules and two chloride ions

The species surrounding the central metal atom or ion are called ligands. The ligands are linked directly to central metal ion through coordinate bonds.

when ligands donate pair of electrons /shared electron pair then coordinate bond is formed & represented by an arrow →, where the arrow head points to electron acceptor. The central metal atom or ion usually an electron deficient, accepts an electron pair while the ligands serve as electron donors.

In cisplatin two ammonia molecules and two chloride ligands utilize their lone pairs of electrons to form bonds with the Pt(II).

Ligands are also considered as Lewis base &

central metal is considered as Lewis acid.

Tricks to remember d- block elements

➤Download the notes➨ COORDINATION COMPOUNDS