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<link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-notice-front-css' href='https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/css/front.min.css?ver=2.5.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='qtip2css-css' href='https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/tooltips-pro/js/qtip3/jquery.qtip.min.css?ver=6.9.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tooltipscss-css' href='https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/tooltips-pro/tooltips.css?ver=6.9.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
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<style id='ultimate-ada-translator-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.ultimate-ada-translator {
	box-sizing: border-box;
	direction: ltr;
	display: inline-flex;
	position: relative;
	vertical-align: middle;
}

html.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl {
	direction: rtl;
}

/* Preserve the selected direction when original content hard-codes it. */
body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content * {
	direction: ltr !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content [style*="text-align: right"],
body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content [style*="text-align:right"] {
	text-align: left !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content * {
	direction: rtl !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content [style*="text-align: left"],
body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content [style*="text-align:left"] {
	text-align: right !important;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator *,
.ultimate-ada-translator *::before,
.ultimate-ada-translator *::after {
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator .notranslate {
	translate: no;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger {
	align-items: center;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	border-radius: 999px;
	color: #fff;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: inline-flex;
	height: 2.25rem;
	justify-content: center;
	line-height: 1;
	padding: 0;
	position: relative;
	width: 2.25rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:hover,
.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__trigger {
	background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__close:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__tab:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__search:focus,
.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__reset:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button:focus-visible {
	outline: 3px solid #99cfff;
	outline-offset: 2px;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__icon {
	display: block;
	height: 1.5625rem;
	transform: none;
	width: 1.5625rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip {
	background: #1f2933;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #fff;
	font-size: 0.75rem;
	left: 50%;
	line-height: 1.2;
	opacity: 0;
	padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
	pointer-events: none;
	position: absolute;
	top: calc(100% + 0.45rem);
	transform: translateX(-50%);
	transition: opacity 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s ease;
	visibility: hidden;
	white-space: nowrap;
	z-index: 4;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:hover .ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip,
.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:focus-visible .ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip {
	opacity: 1;
	visibility: visible;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__backdrop {
	background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.48);
	border: 0;
	cursor: default;
	inset: 0;
	opacity: 0;
	padding: 0;
	pointer-events: none;
	position: fixed;
	transition: opacity 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s ease;
	visibility: hidden;
	z-index: 999990;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
	background: #fff;
	border: 1px solid #d8dee6;
	border-radius: 8px;
	box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.32);
	color: #17202a;
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
	gap: 0.875rem;
	left: 50%;
	max-height: min(34rem, calc(100vh - 3rem));
	max-width: min(92vw, 28rem);
	min-width: min(92vw, 20rem);
	opacity: 0;
	overflow: hidden;
	padding: 1rem;
	pointer-events: none;
	position: fixed;
	top: 50%;
	transform: translate(-50%, -48%);
	transition: opacity 0.16s ease, transform 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s ease;
	visibility: hidden;
	width: 28rem;
	z-index: 1000000;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__backdrop,
.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
	opacity: 1;
	pointer-events: auto;
	visibility: visible;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
	transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__panel-header {
	align-items: flex-start;
	display: flex;
	gap: 0.75rem;
	justify-content: space-between;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tabs {
	align-items: stretch;
	background: #eef2f7;
	border-radius: 6px;
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
	gap: 0;
	min-height: 2.75rem;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab {
	appearance: none;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	border-radius: 0;
	color: #334155;
	cursor: pointer;
	font: inherit;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.2;
	margin: 0;
	min-height: 2.75rem;
	padding: 0.75rem 0.875rem;
	text-align: center;
	transition: background 0.16s ease, color 0.16s ease;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab.is-active {
	background: #fff;
	color: #0f172a;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel[hidden] {
	display: none !important;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel {
	display: flex;
	flex: 1 1 auto;
	flex-direction: column;
	gap: 0.75rem;
	min-height: 0;
	overflow-y: auto;
	padding-right: 0.25rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__title {
	color: #0f172a;
	font-size: 0.875rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.3;
	margin: 0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__copy,
.ultimate-ada-translator__status,
.ultimate-ada-translator__empty {
	color: #475569;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	line-height: 1.4;
	margin: 0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__close {
	align-items: center;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	border-radius: 999px;
	color: #334155;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: inline-flex;
	height: 2rem;
	justify-content: center;
	line-height: 1;
	margin: -0.375rem -0.375rem 0 0;
	padding: 0;
	width: 2rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__close:hover {
	background: #e2e8f0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__close svg {
	display: block;
	height: 1.125rem;
	width: 1.125rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__field {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.375rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy {
	color: #475569;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	line-height: 1.45;
	margin: 0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__label {
	color: inherit;
	font-size: 0.875rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.3;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__search,
.ultimate-ada-translator__select {
	appearance: none;
	background-color: #fff;
	border: 1px solid #94a3b8;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #1f2933;
	font: inherit;
	line-height: 1.4;
	min-height: 2.35rem;
	padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
	width: 100%;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__select {
	display: none;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__reset {
	background-color: transparent;
	border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #0f172a;
	cursor: pointer;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.2;
	min-height: 2.125rem;
	padding: 0.45rem 0.625rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__reset:hover {
	background-color: #005ea8;
	border-color: #005ea8;
	color: #fff;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-options {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.5rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button {
	align-items: center;
	background: #f8fafc;
	border: 1px solid #d8dee6;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #0f172a;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: flex;
	font: inherit;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	justify-content: flex-start;
	line-height: 1.3;
	min-height: 2.5rem;
	padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
	text-align: left;
	transition: background 0.16s ease, border-color 0.16s ease, color 0.16s ease;
	width: 100%;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button:hover,
.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button.is-active {
	background: #e0f2fe;
	border-color: #0284c7;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__list {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.375rem;
	max-height: min(16rem, calc(100vh - 18rem));
	overflow: auto;
	padding-right: 0.25rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button {
	align-items: center;
	background: #f8fafc;
	border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #0f172a;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: flex;
	font: inherit;
	gap: 0.5rem;
	justify-content: space-between;
	line-height: 1.25;
	min-height: 2.25rem;
	padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
	text-align: left;
	width: 100%;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button:hover,
.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button.is-active {
	background: #e0f2fe;
	border-color: #0284c7;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__language-code {
	color: #64748b;
	font-size: 0.6875rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	letter-spacing: 0.04em;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator--menu {
	min-width: 0;
	width: auto;
}

#primary-nav .ultimate-ada-translator--menu {
	margin-top: -10px;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator-menu-item {
	position: relative;
}

#ultimate_ada_translate_element,
.skiptranslate iframe,
iframe.goog-te-banner-frame,
.goog-te-banner-frame,
.VIpgJd-ZVi9od-ORHb-OEVmcd {
	display: none !important;
	visibility: hidden !important;
}

body {
	top: 0 !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-lightbox-open {
	overflow: hidden;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast * {
	background-color: #000 !important;
	border-color: #fff !important;
	color: #fff !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast a {
	color: #ff0 !important;
	text-decoration: underline !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast img {
	filter: grayscale(100%);
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-links a {
	background: #ff0 !important;
	color: #111827 !important;
	padding: 0 2px;
	text-decoration: underline !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia button,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia input,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia select,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia textarea,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia p,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia li,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia span,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia a,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h1,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h2,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h3,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h4,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h5,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h6 {
	font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;
	letter-spacing: 0.03em !important;
	word-spacing: 0.08em !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion *,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion *::before,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion *::after {
	animation: none !important;
	scroll-behavior: auto !important;
	transition: none !important;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
	.ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
		border-radius: 8px;
		max-height: calc(100vh - 2rem);
		min-width: calc(100vw - 2rem);
		width: calc(100vw - 2rem);
	}

	.ultimate-ada-translator__list {
		max-height: calc(100vh - 19rem);
	}

	.ultimate-ada-translator__tab {
		font-size: 0.75rem;
		padding: 0.75rem 0.5rem;
	}
}
/*# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-inline-css */
</style>
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<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issues"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/financial-crimes-illicit-trade/">Financial Crimes &amp; Illicit Trade</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/financial-regulation/">Financial Regulation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/fiscal-and-structural-reform/">Fiscal and Structural Reform</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/financial-sanctions-and-economic-coercion/">Financial Sanctions and Economic Coercion</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/g20/">G20</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/inclusive-growth/">Inclusive Growth</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/international-financial-institutions/">International Financial Institutions</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/macroeconomics/">Macroeconomics</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/positive-economic-statecraft/">Positive Economic Statecraft</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/trade-and-tariffs/">Trade & Tariffs</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Energy & Environment</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/">All Energy & Environment</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/climate-change-climate-action/">Climate Change & Climate Action</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/critical-minerals/">Critical Minerals</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-markets-governance/">Energy Markets & Governance</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-transitions/">Energy Transitions</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/geopolitics-energy-security/">Geopolitics & Energy Security</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/energy-environment/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/nuclear-energy/">Nuclear Energy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/oil-and-gas/">Oil & Gas</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/renewables-advanced-energy/">Renewables & Advanced Energy</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience-society/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Resilience & Society</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience-society/">All Resilience & Society</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/civil-society/">Civil Society</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/coronavirus/">Coronavirus</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/education/">Education</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/human-rights/">Human Rights</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/migration/">Migration</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/nationalism/">Nationalism</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/populism/">Populism</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience/">Resilience</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/women/">Women</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/youth/">Youth</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/technology-innovation/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Technology & Innovation</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/technology-innovation/">All Technology & Innovation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/artificial-intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/cybersecurity/">Cybersecurity</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/disinformation/">Disinformation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/drones/">Drones</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/entrepreneurship/">Entrepreneurship</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/internet/">Internet</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/space/">Space</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Regions</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/africa"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Africa</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/africa">All Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/angola/">Angola</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/democratic-repubic-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/east-africa/">East Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/eritrea/">Eritrea</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/ethiopia/">Ethiopia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/morocco/">Morocco</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/north-and-west-africa/">North & West Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/sahel/">Sahel</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/south-central-africa/">South & Central Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/south-africa/">South Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/sudan/">Sudan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/somalia/">Somalia</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/americas/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Americas</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/americas">All Americas</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/united-states-canada/">United States and Canada</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/latin-america/">Latin America</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/brazil/">Brazil</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/caribbean/">Caribbean</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/colombia/">Colombia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/Mexico/">Mexico</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/central-america/">Central America</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/venezuela/">Venezuela</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/europe-eurasia"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Europe & Eurasia</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/europe-eurasia">All Europe & Eurasia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/european-union/">European Union</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/balkans/">The Balkans</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/belarus/">Belarus</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/the-caucasus/">The Caucasus</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/france/">France</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/germany/">Germany</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/greenland/">Greenland</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/italy/">Italy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/moldova/">Moldova</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/northern-europe/">Northern Europe</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/poland/">Poland</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/russia/">Russia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/turkey/">Turkey</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/united-kingdom/">United Kingdom</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/indo-pacific/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Indo-Pacific</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/indo-pacific">All Indo-Pacific</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/australia/">Australia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/bangladesh/">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/china/">China</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/india/">India</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/japan/">Japan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/korea/">Korea</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/taiwan/">Taiwan</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/middle-east/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Middle East</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/middle-east">All Middle East</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/the-gulf/">The Gulf</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/north-africa/">North Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/iran/">Iran</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/iraq/">Iraq</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/israel/">Israel</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/lebanon/">Lebanon</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/libya/">Libya</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/saudi-arabia/">Saudi Arabia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/syria/">Syria</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/yemen/">Yemen</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Experts</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/people/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Find an expert</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/media#contact"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Request a media interview</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">About</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Programs</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/adrienne-arsht-latin-america-center/">Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/africa-center/">Africa Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/atlantic-council-turkey-program/">Atlantic Council Turkey Program</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/climate-resilience-center/">Climate Resilience Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/cyber-statecraft-initiative/">Cyber Statecraft Initiative</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab/">Digital Forensic Research Lab</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/eurasia-center/">Eurasia Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/europe-center/">Europe Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/freedom-and-prosperity-center/">Freedom and Prosperity Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geoeconomics-center/">GeoEconomics Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geotech-center/">GeoTech Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/global-china-hub/">Global China Hub</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/global-energy-center/">Global Energy Center</a></li>
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							data-search="en English"
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							हिन्दी						</option>
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							Español						</option>
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							data-search="fr Français French"
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							Français						</option>
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							data-search="ar العربية Arabic"
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							العربية						</option>
											<option
							value="bn"
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bn বাংলা Bengali Bangla"
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							বাংলা						</option>
											<option
							value="ru"
							data-google-code="ru"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ru Русский Russian"
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							Русский						</option>
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							value="pt"
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pt Português Portuguese"
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							Português						</option>
											<option
							value="ur"
							data-google-code="ur"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ur اردو Urdu"
													>
							اردو						</option>
											<option
							value="id"
							data-google-code="id"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="id Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian"
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							Bahasa Indonesia						</option>
											<option
							value="de"
							data-google-code="de"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="de Deutsch German"
													>
							Deutsch						</option>
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							value="ja"
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ja 日本語 Japanese"
													>
							日本語						</option>
											<option
							value="sw"
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sw Kiswahili Swahili"
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							Kiswahili						</option>
											<option
							value="mr"
							data-google-code="mr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mr मराठी Marathi"
													>
							मराठी						</option>
											<option
							value="te"
							data-google-code="te"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="te తెలుగు Telugu"
													>
							తెలుగు						</option>
											<option
							value="tr"
							data-google-code="tr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tr Türkçe Turkish"
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							Türkçe						</option>
											<option
							value="ta"
							data-google-code="ta"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ta தமிழ் Tamil"
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							தமிழ்						</option>
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							data-google-code="vi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="vi Tiếng Việt Vietnamese"
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							Tiếng Việt						</option>
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ko 한국어 Korean"
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							한국어						</option>
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="it Italiano Italian"
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							Italiano						</option>
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							value="th"
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="th ไทย Thai"
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							ไทย						</option>
											<option
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							data-search="gu ગુજરાતી Gujarati"
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							ગુજરાતી						</option>
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							Polski						</option>
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							Українська						</option>
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							data-search="ml മലയാളം Malayalam"
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							മലയാളം						</option>
											<option
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kn ಕನ್ನಡ Kannada"
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							ಕನ್ನಡ						</option>
											<option
							value="or"
							data-google-code="or"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="or ଓଡ଼ିଆ Odia Oriya"
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							ଓଡ଼ିଆ						</option>
											<option
							value="my"
							data-google-code="my"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="my မြန်မာစာ Myanmar Burmese"
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							မြန်မာစာ						</option>
											<option
							value="fa"
							data-google-code="fa"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="fa فارسی Persian Farsi"
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							فارسی						</option>
											<option
							value="ro"
							data-google-code="ro"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ro Română Romanian"
													>
							Română						</option>
											<option
							value="nl"
							data-google-code="nl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="nl Nederlands Dutch"
													>
							Nederlands						</option>
											<option
							value="el"
							data-google-code="el"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="el Ελληνικά Greek"
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							Ελληνικά						</option>
											<option
							value="hu"
							data-google-code="hu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hu Magyar Hungarian"
													>
							Magyar						</option>
											<option
							value="cs"
							data-google-code="cs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="cs Čeština Czech"
													>
							Čeština						</option>
											<option
							value="sv"
							data-google-code="sv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sv Svenska Swedish"
													>
							Svenska						</option>
											<option
							value="az"
							data-google-code="az"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="az Azərbaycanca Azerbaijani Azeri"
													>
							Azərbaycanca						</option>
											<option
							value="pa"
							data-google-code="pa"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Punjabi Panjabi"
													>
							ਪੰਜਾਬੀ						</option>
											<option
							value="ps"
							data-google-code="ps"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ps پښتو Pashto Pushto"
													>
							پښتو						</option>
											<option
							value="sd"
							data-google-code="sd"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="sd سنڌي Sindhi"
													>
							سنڌي						</option>
											<option
							value="ku"
							data-google-code="ku"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ku Kurdî Kurdish"
													>
							Kurdî						</option>
											<option
							value="ha"
							data-google-code="ha"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ha Hausa"
													>
							Hausa						</option>
											<option
							value="yo"
							data-google-code="yo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="yo Yorùbá Yoruba"
													>
							Yorùbá						</option>
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							value="ig"
							data-google-code="ig"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ig Igbo"
													>
							Igbo						</option>
											<option
							value="am"
							data-google-code="am"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="am አማርኛ Amharic"
													>
							አማርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="om"
							data-google-code="om"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="om Afaan Oromoo Oromo"
													>
							Afaan Oromoo						</option>
											<option
							value="so"
							data-google-code="so"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="so Soomaali Somali"
													>
							Soomaali						</option>
											<option
							value="ne"
							data-google-code="ne"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ne नेपाली Nepali"
													>
							नेपाली						</option>
											<option
							value="si"
							data-google-code="si"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="si සිංහල Sinhala Sinhalese"
													>
							සිංහල						</option>
											<option
							value="km"
							data-google-code="km"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="km ភាសាខ្មែរ Khmer Cambodian"
													>
							ភាសាខ្មែរ						</option>
											<option
							value="lo"
							data-google-code="lo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lo ລາວ Lao Laotian"
													>
							ລາວ						</option>
											<option
							value="ms"
							data-google-code="ms"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ms Bahasa Melayu Malay"
													>
							Bahasa Melayu						</option>
											<option
							value="fil"
							data-google-code="tl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fil Filipino tl Tagalog"
													>
							Filipino						</option>
											<option
							value="jv"
							data-google-code="jv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="jv Basa Jawa Javanese"
													>
							Basa Jawa						</option>
											<option
							value="su"
							data-google-code="su"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="su Basa Sunda Sundanese"
													>
							Basa Sunda						</option>
											<option
							value="ceb"
							data-google-code="ceb"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ceb Cebuano"
													>
							Cebuano						</option>
											<option
							value="mg"
							data-google-code="mg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mg Malagasy"
													>
							Malagasy						</option>
											<option
							value="ny"
							data-google-code="ny"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ny Chichewa Nyanja"
													>
							Chichewa						</option>
											<option
							value="rw"
							data-google-code="rw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="rw Kinyarwanda Rwanda"
													>
							Kinyarwanda						</option>
											<option
							value="zu"
							data-google-code="zu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zu isiZulu Zulu"
													>
							isiZulu						</option>
											<option
							value="xh"
							data-google-code="xh"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="xh isiXhosa Xhosa"
													>
							isiXhosa						</option>
											<option
							value="af"
							data-google-code="af"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="af Afrikaans"
													>
							Afrikaans						</option>
											<option
							value="st"
							data-google-code="st"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="st Sesotho Southern Sotho"
													>
							Sesotho						</option>
											<option
							value="tn"
							data-google-code="tn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tn Setswana Tswana"
													>
							Setswana						</option>
											<option
							value="sn"
							data-google-code="sn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sn chiShona Shona"
													>
							chiShona						</option>
											<option
							value="ff"
							data-google-code="ff"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ff Fulfulde Fula Fulani"
													>
							Fulfulde						</option>
											<option
							value="wo"
							data-google-code="wo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="wo Wolof"
													>
							Wolof						</option>
											<option
							value="bm"
							data-google-code="bm"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bm Bamanankan Bambara"
													>
							Bamanankan						</option>
											<option
							value="ln"
							data-google-code="ln"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ln Lingála Lingala"
													>
							Lingála						</option>
											<option
							value="ak"
							data-google-code="ak"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ak Akan Twi"
													>
							Akan						</option>
											<option
							value="ee"
							data-google-code="ee"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ee Eʋegbe Ewe"
													>
							Eʋegbe						</option>
											<option
							value="ti"
							data-google-code="ti"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ti ትግርኛ Tigrinya"
													>
							ትግርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="he"
							data-google-code="he"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="he עברית Hebrew"
													>
							עברית						</option>
											<option
							value="hy"
							data-google-code="hy"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hy Հայերեն Armenian"
													>
							Հայերեն						</option>
											<option
							value="ka"
							data-google-code="ka"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ka ქართული Georgian"
													>
							ქართული						</option>
											<option
							value="kk"
							data-google-code="kk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kk Қазақ тілі Kazakh"
													>
							Қазақ тілі						</option>
											<option
							value="uz"
							data-google-code="uz"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="uz Oʻzbekcha Uzbek"
													>
							Oʻzbekcha						</option>
											<option
							value="ug"
							data-google-code="ug"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ug ئۇيغۇرچە Uyghur Uighur"
													>
							ئۇيغۇرچە						</option>
											<option
							value="tk"
							data-google-code="tk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tk Türkmençe Turkmen"
													>
							Türkmençe						</option>
											<option
							value="ky"
							data-google-code="ky"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ky Кыргызча Kyrgyz Kirghiz"
													>
							Кыргызча						</option>
											<option
							value="tg"
							data-google-code="tg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tg Тоҷикӣ Tajik"
													>
							Тоҷикӣ						</option>
											<option
							value="mn"
							data-google-code="mn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mn Монгол Mongolian"
													>
							Монгол						</option>
											<option
							value="bg"
							data-google-code="bg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bg Български Bulgarian"
													>
							Български						</option>
											<option
							value="sr"
							data-google-code="sr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sr Српски Serbian"
													>
							Српски						</option>
											<option
							value="hr"
							data-google-code="hr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hr Hrvatski Croatian"
													>
							Hrvatski						</option>
											<option
							value="bs"
							data-google-code="bs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bs Bosanski Bosnian"
													>
							Bosanski						</option>
											<option
							value="sk"
							data-google-code="sk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sk Slovenčina Slovak"
													>
							Slovenčina						</option>
											<option
							value="sl"
							data-google-code="sl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sl Slovenščina Slovenian"
													>
							Slovenščina						</option>
											<option
							value="lt"
							data-google-code="lt"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lt Lietuvių Lithuanian"
													>
							Lietuvių						</option>
											<option
							value="lv"
							data-google-code="lv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lv Latviešu Latvian"
													>
							Latviešu						</option>
											<option
							value="et"
							data-google-code="et"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="et Eesti Estonian"
													>
							Eesti						</option>
											<option
							value="fi"
							data-google-code="fi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fi Suomi Finnish"
													>
							Suomi						</option>
											<option
							value="da"
							data-google-code="da"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="da Dansk Danish"
													>
							Dansk						</option>
											<option
							value="no"
							data-google-code="no"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="no Norsk Norwegian"
													>
							Norsk						</option>
											<option
							value="ca"
							data-google-code="ca"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ca Català Catalan"
													>
							Català						</option>
											<option
							value="eu"
							data-google-code="eu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="eu Euskara Basque"
													>
							Euskara						</option>
											<option
							value="gl"
							data-google-code="gl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="gl Galego Galician"
													>
							Galego						</option>
											<option
							value="sq"
							data-google-code="sq"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sq Shqip Albanian"
													>
							Shqip						</option>
											<option
							value="mk"
							data-google-code="mk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mk Македонски Macedonian"
													>
							Македонски						</option>
											<option
							value="ht"
							data-google-code="ht"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ht Kreyòl ayisyen Haitian Creole Creole"
													>
							Kreyòl ayisyen						</option>
									</select>

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					Translate				</button>
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				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy">Choose a language for this page.</p>
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						Search languages					</label>
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						class="ultimate-ada-translator__search"
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				<select class="ultimate-ada-translator__select" data-ultimate-ada-translator-select id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-select" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">
											<option
							value="en"
							data-google-code="en"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="en English"
							 selected='selected'						>
							English						</option>
											<option
							value="zh"
							data-google-code="zh-CN"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zh 中文 zh-CN Chinese Mandarin Simplified Chinese"
													>
							中文						</option>
											<option
							value="hi"
							data-google-code="hi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hi हिन्दी Hindi"
													>
							हिन्दी						</option>
											<option
							value="es"
							data-google-code="es"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="es Español Spanish Castilian"
													>
							Español						</option>
											<option
							value="fr"
							data-google-code="fr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fr Français French"
													>
							Français						</option>
											<option
							value="ar"
							data-google-code="ar"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ar العربية Arabic"
													>
							العربية						</option>
											<option
							value="bn"
							data-google-code="bn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bn বাংলা Bengali Bangla"
													>
							বাংলা						</option>
											<option
							value="ru"
							data-google-code="ru"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ru Русский Russian"
													>
							Русский						</option>
											<option
							value="pt"
							data-google-code="pt"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pt Português Portuguese"
													>
							Português						</option>
											<option
							value="ur"
							data-google-code="ur"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ur اردو Urdu"
													>
							اردو						</option>
											<option
							value="id"
							data-google-code="id"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="id Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian"
													>
							Bahasa Indonesia						</option>
											<option
							value="de"
							data-google-code="de"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="de Deutsch German"
													>
							Deutsch						</option>
											<option
							value="ja"
							data-google-code="ja"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ja 日本語 Japanese"
													>
							日本語						</option>
											<option
							value="sw"
							data-google-code="sw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sw Kiswahili Swahili"
													>
							Kiswahili						</option>
											<option
							value="mr"
							data-google-code="mr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mr मराठी Marathi"
													>
							मराठी						</option>
											<option
							value="te"
							data-google-code="te"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="te తెలుగు Telugu"
													>
							తెలుగు						</option>
											<option
							value="tr"
							data-google-code="tr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tr Türkçe Turkish"
													>
							Türkçe						</option>
											<option
							value="ta"
							data-google-code="ta"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ta தமிழ் Tamil"
													>
							தமிழ்						</option>
											<option
							value="vi"
							data-google-code="vi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="vi Tiếng Việt Vietnamese"
													>
							Tiếng Việt						</option>
											<option
							value="ko"
							data-google-code="ko"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ko 한국어 Korean"
													>
							한국어						</option>
											<option
							value="it"
							data-google-code="it"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="it Italiano Italian"
													>
							Italiano						</option>
											<option
							value="th"
							data-google-code="th"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="th ไทย Thai"
													>
							ไทย						</option>
											<option
							value="gu"
							data-google-code="gu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="gu ગુજરાતી Gujarati"
													>
							ગુજરાતી						</option>
											<option
							value="pl"
							data-google-code="pl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pl Polski Polish"
													>
							Polski						</option>
											<option
							value="uk"
							data-google-code="uk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="uk Українська Ukrainian"
													>
							Українська						</option>
											<option
							value="ml"
							data-google-code="ml"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ml മലയാളം Malayalam"
													>
							മലയാളം						</option>
											<option
							value="kn"
							data-google-code="kn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kn ಕನ್ನಡ Kannada"
													>
							ಕನ್ನಡ						</option>
											<option
							value="or"
							data-google-code="or"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="or ଓଡ଼ିଆ Odia Oriya"
													>
							ଓଡ଼ିଆ						</option>
											<option
							value="my"
							data-google-code="my"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="my မြန်မာစာ Myanmar Burmese"
													>
							မြန်မာစာ						</option>
											<option
							value="fa"
							data-google-code="fa"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="fa فارسی Persian Farsi"
													>
							فارسی						</option>
											<option
							value="ro"
							data-google-code="ro"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ro Română Romanian"
													>
							Română						</option>
											<option
							value="nl"
							data-google-code="nl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="nl Nederlands Dutch"
													>
							Nederlands						</option>
											<option
							value="el"
							data-google-code="el"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="el Ελληνικά Greek"
													>
							Ελληνικά						</option>
											<option
							value="hu"
							data-google-code="hu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hu Magyar Hungarian"
													>
							Magyar						</option>
											<option
							value="cs"
							data-google-code="cs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="cs Čeština Czech"
													>
							Čeština						</option>
											<option
							value="sv"
							data-google-code="sv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sv Svenska Swedish"
													>
							Svenska						</option>
											<option
							value="az"
							data-google-code="az"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="az Azərbaycanca Azerbaijani Azeri"
													>
							Azərbaycanca						</option>
											<option
							value="pa"
							data-google-code="pa"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Punjabi Panjabi"
													>
							ਪੰਜਾਬੀ						</option>
											<option
							value="ps"
							data-google-code="ps"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ps پښتو Pashto Pushto"
													>
							پښتو						</option>
											<option
							value="sd"
							data-google-code="sd"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="sd سنڌي Sindhi"
													>
							سنڌي						</option>
											<option
							value="ku"
							data-google-code="ku"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ku Kurdî Kurdish"
													>
							Kurdî						</option>
											<option
							value="ha"
							data-google-code="ha"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ha Hausa"
													>
							Hausa						</option>
											<option
							value="yo"
							data-google-code="yo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="yo Yorùbá Yoruba"
													>
							Yorùbá						</option>
											<option
							value="ig"
							data-google-code="ig"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ig Igbo"
													>
							Igbo						</option>
											<option
							value="am"
							data-google-code="am"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="am አማርኛ Amharic"
													>
							አማርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="om"
							data-google-code="om"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="om Afaan Oromoo Oromo"
													>
							Afaan Oromoo						</option>
											<option
							value="so"
							data-google-code="so"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="so Soomaali Somali"
													>
							Soomaali						</option>
											<option
							value="ne"
							data-google-code="ne"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ne नेपाली Nepali"
													>
							नेपाली						</option>
											<option
							value="si"
							data-google-code="si"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="si සිංහල Sinhala Sinhalese"
													>
							සිංහල						</option>
											<option
							value="km"
							data-google-code="km"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="km ភាសាខ្មែរ Khmer Cambodian"
													>
							ភាសាខ្មែរ						</option>
											<option
							value="lo"
							data-google-code="lo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lo ລາວ Lao Laotian"
													>
							ລາວ						</option>
											<option
							value="ms"
							data-google-code="ms"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ms Bahasa Melayu Malay"
													>
							Bahasa Melayu						</option>
											<option
							value="fil"
							data-google-code="tl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fil Filipino tl Tagalog"
													>
							Filipino						</option>
											<option
							value="jv"
							data-google-code="jv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="jv Basa Jawa Javanese"
													>
							Basa Jawa						</option>
											<option
							value="su"
							data-google-code="su"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="su Basa Sunda Sundanese"
													>
							Basa Sunda						</option>
											<option
							value="ceb"
							data-google-code="ceb"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ceb Cebuano"
													>
							Cebuano						</option>
											<option
							value="mg"
							data-google-code="mg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mg Malagasy"
													>
							Malagasy						</option>
											<option
							value="ny"
							data-google-code="ny"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ny Chichewa Nyanja"
													>
							Chichewa						</option>
											<option
							value="rw"
							data-google-code="rw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="rw Kinyarwanda Rwanda"
													>
							Kinyarwanda						</option>
											<option
							value="zu"
							data-google-code="zu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zu isiZulu Zulu"
													>
							isiZulu						</option>
											<option
							value="xh"
							data-google-code="xh"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="xh isiXhosa Xhosa"
													>
							isiXhosa						</option>
											<option
							value="af"
							data-google-code="af"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="af Afrikaans"
													>
							Afrikaans						</option>
											<option
							value="st"
							data-google-code="st"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="st Sesotho Southern Sotho"
													>
							Sesotho						</option>
											<option
							value="tn"
							data-google-code="tn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tn Setswana Tswana"
													>
							Setswana						</option>
											<option
							value="sn"
							data-google-code="sn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sn chiShona Shona"
													>
							chiShona						</option>
											<option
							value="ff"
							data-google-code="ff"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ff Fulfulde Fula Fulani"
													>
							Fulfulde						</option>
											<option
							value="wo"
							data-google-code="wo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="wo Wolof"
													>
							Wolof						</option>
											<option
							value="bm"
							data-google-code="bm"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bm Bamanankan Bambara"
													>
							Bamanankan						</option>
											<option
							value="ln"
							data-google-code="ln"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ln Lingála Lingala"
													>
							Lingála						</option>
											<option
							value="ak"
							data-google-code="ak"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ak Akan Twi"
													>
							Akan						</option>
											<option
							value="ee"
							data-google-code="ee"
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							data-search="ee Eʋegbe Ewe"
													>
							Eʋegbe						</option>
											<option
							value="ti"
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							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ti ትግርኛ Tigrinya"
													>
							ትግርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="he"
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											<option
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							data-google-code="ky"
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							Bosanski						</option>
											<option
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							Slovenčina						</option>
											<option
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							Slovenščina						</option>
											<option
							value="lt"
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							Eesti						</option>
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							Dansk						</option>
											<option
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							Euskara						</option>
											<option
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							Galego						</option>
											<option
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							Shqip						</option>
											<option
							value="mk"
							data-google-code="mk"
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							data-search="mk Македонски Macedonian"
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							Македонски						</option>
											<option
							value="ht"
							data-google-code="ht"
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							data-search="ht Kreyòl ayisyen Haitian Creole Creole"
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<p><strong>SyriaSource</strong> followed the dynamics in Syria through in-depth analysis of the impact of the conflict on Syria, its neighbors and the international community. Amplifying a diverse range of Syrian and regional voices—to reach both English—and Arabic-speaking audiences, SyriaSource transforms their words from strong but distant ideas to resounding perspectives not often heard among Washington and international policymakers. For the latest work on Syria, please visit MENASource. </p>



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					The latest on Syria				</h3>
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                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syrias-new-parliament-can-build-institutions-and-trust/">
                        <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-07-12T000000Z_1888489339_MT1NURPHO000PRS3SH_RTRMADP_3_ASSEMBLY-PRESIDENT-INAUGURATION-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-07-12T000000Z_1888489339_MT1NURPHO000PRS3SH_RTRMADP_3_ASSEMBLY-PRESIDENT-INAUGURATION-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" data-eio="p" /></picture>            </a>
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                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syrias-new-parliament-can-build-institutions-and-trust/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jul 27, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Syria’s new parliament can build institutions and trust</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Nanar Hawach</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The People&#039;s Assembly is not designed to check the presidency’s power, but it could help democratize the new political order.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/democratic-transitions/">
                        Democratic Transitions                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/politics-diplomacy/">
                        Politics &amp; Diplomacy                      </a>
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                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/new-middle-east-corridors-are-about-more-than-just-bypassing-the-strait-of-hormuz/">
                        <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-03-20T183142Z_2085006462_RC2E8KAALQKV_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-GULF-OMAN-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-03-20T183142Z_2085006462_RC2E8KAALQKV_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-GULF-OMAN-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" data-eio="p" /></picture>            </a>
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    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/new-middle-east-corridors-are-about-more-than-just-bypassing-the-strait-of-hormuz/">
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            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jul 6, 2026</span>
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          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">New Middle East corridors are about more than just bypassing the Strait of Hormuz</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Allison Minor</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            A recent Atlantic Council gathering reveals how initiatives like the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) must evolve.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/economy-business/">
                        Economy &amp; Business                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/infrastructure/">
                        Infrastructure                      </a>
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                        <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-11-26T000000Z_2021473542_MT1NURPHO000Z03F8J_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-DEBRISREMOVAL-PROJECTS-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-11-26T000000Z_2021473542_MT1NURPHO000Z03F8J_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-DEBRISREMOVAL-PROJECTS-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" data-eio="p" /></picture>            </a>
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    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/the-us-is-sending-syrian-asylees-back-syria-isnt-ready/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jul 1, 2026</span>
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          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">The US is sending Syrian asylees back. Syria isn’t ready.</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Diana Rayes </span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The US Supreme Court&#039;s recent decision to uphold the Trump administration&#039;s decision to terminate Temporary Protected Status programs crates a troubling global precedent.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/migration/">
                        Migration                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/syria/">
                        Syria                      </a>
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</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
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                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/new-avenues-for-syria-eu-cooperation-are-forming-amid-conflict-in-the-middle-east/">
                        <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-04-24T111251Z_1777029169_DPAF260424X99X225460_RTRFIPP_4_DIPLOMACY-EU-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-04-24T111251Z_1777029169_DPAF260424X99X225460_RTRFIPP_4_DIPLOMACY-EU-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" data-eio="p" /></picture>            </a>
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    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/new-avenues-for-syria-eu-cooperation-are-forming-amid-conflict-in-the-middle-east/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">May 8, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">New avenues for Syria-EU cooperation are forming amid conflict in the Middle East</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Marie Forestier </span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The May 11 EU-Syria High-Level Political Dialogue marks a step toward a closer partnership.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/">
                        Energy &amp; Environment                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/european-union/">
                        European Union                      </a>
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                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syria-needs-a-trustworthy-digital-ecosystem-to-support-its-revival/">
                        <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2025-08-31T000000Z_686497844_MT1IMGOST000ICTXRT_RTRMADP_3_IMAGO-IMAGES-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2025-08-31T000000Z_686497844_MT1IMGOST000ICTXRT_RTRMADP_3_IMAGO-IMAGES-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" data-eio="p" /></picture>            </a>
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                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syria-needs-a-trustworthy-digital-ecosystem-to-support-its-revival/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">May 4, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Syria needs a trustworthy digital ecosystem to support its revival</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Nadia Farra</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Robust digital infrastructure, digital literacy, and cybersecurity are no longer luxuries for high-income nations but fundamental requirements for national stability and economic resilience.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/freedom-and-prosperity/">
                        Freedom and Prosperity                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/inclusive-growth/">
                        Inclusive Growth                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syria-is-not-libya-but-it-could-become-one-if-the-world-looks-away/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-13T181238Z_244641716_RC2XKJAT9MRQ_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-SECURITY-NORTHEAST-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syria-is-not-libya-but-it-could-become-one-if-the-world-looks-away/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Feb 20, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Syria is not Libya, but it could become one if the world looks away</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Kurt Davis Jr.</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            There are lessons from Libya&#039;s fragmentation and collapse that can be applied now as Syria sits at a similar inflection point.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">
                        Conflict                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/libya/">
                        Libya                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/why-syrias-government-must-turn-inward-in-2026/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-18T000000Z_1208346823_MT1NURPHO00092DJ43_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-AL-SHARAA-CEASEFIRE-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/why-syrias-government-must-turn-inward-in-2026/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jan 29, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Why Syria&#8217;s government must turn inward in 2026</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Gregory Waters</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Necessary domestic reforms include continued security reforms, economic development, and writing a new constitution.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/civil-society/">
                        Civil Society                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/democratic-transitions/">
                        Democratic Transitions                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syrias-kurds-could-be-al-sharaas-partners-in-rebuilding-why-did-damascus-assault-them-instead/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-07T115533Z_499514942_RC2AWIAC1CKP_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-SECURITY-KURDS-PROTEST-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syrias-kurds-could-be-al-sharaas-partners-in-rebuilding-why-did-damascus-assault-them-instead/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jan 28, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Syria’s Kurds could be al-Sharaa’s partners in rebuilding. Why did Damascus assault them instead?</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Amy Austin Holmes</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The offensive on Kurdish neighborhoods was the third wave of sectarian violence after the targeting of Druze and Alawites.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/democratic-transitions/">
                        Democratic Transitions                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/middle-east/">
                        Middle East                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/eight-questions-and-expert-answers-on-the-sdfs-withdrawal-from-syrias-aleppo/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-10T101147Z_1834240020_RC27YIASQPRA_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-SECURITY-ALEPPO-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/eight-questions-and-expert-answers-on-the-sdfs-withdrawal-from-syrias-aleppo/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jan 13, 2026</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Eight questions (and expert answers) on the SDF&#8217;s withdrawal from Syria&#8217;s Aleppo</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Atlantic Council experts</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Our experts unpack why violence erupted, what it means for Kurdish safety and integration in Syria, and how Washington is engaging.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/civil-society/">
                        Civil Society                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">
                        Conflict                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/russias-most-important-middle-east-base-is-not-where-you-think/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-05-10T182349Z_1757206308_RC26FEA2OZ6O_RTRMADP_3_RUSSIA-LIBYA-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/russias-most-important-middle-east-base-is-not-where-you-think/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">MENASource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Dec 18, 2025</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Russia’s most important Middle East base is not where you think</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Frank Talbot</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Before its future in post-Assad Syria was determined, Russia was actively searching for alternative strategic relationships in the region.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/defense-policy/">
                        Defense Policy                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/libya/">
                        Libya                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
      </div>
      <div class="j-posts--pagination columns-12 o-archives--pagination">
              </div>
        </div>
</section>
</div>


<p></p>



<p></p>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  small" id="responsive-spacer-block_5d727e55ec6a2"></section></div>


<p></p>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</section>
<section class="p-page gta-post--taxonomy-list j-posts">
	<div class="gta-post--taxonomy-list-label row">
		<div class="o-archives--content columns-12">
			<h2>Content</h2>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="p-archives--container row">

		<div class="o-archives--content columns-12 j-posts--posts">



				<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-uncounted-life-after-war-for-syrias-living-martyrs/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Syria-wounded-large-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-uncounted-life-after-war-for-syrias-living-martyrs/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Jan 29, 2020</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">The uncounted: Life after war for Syria’s living martyrs</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Gregory Waters</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            For all Syrians, honoring the men who died fighting for their side’s cause is a central social event. But while martyrs are immortalized in life-sized posters on every street corner, wounded fighters, known as “living martyrs,” risk becoming outcasts in their communities.           </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">
                        Conflict                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/syria/">
                        Syria                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-relentless-assault-on-idlib/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-07-17T102946Z_1587424102_RC1ED3DE5B20_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-SECURITY-IDLIB-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-relentless-assault-on-idlib/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Dec 24, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">The relentless assault on Idlib</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Reema Hibrawi</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The relentless airstrikes campaign on Idlib by the Syrian regime and Russia air forces predicted by many analysts, including this author, remains a defining battlefield to the regime in the Syrian conflict, nine years later. Seen as a last opposition stronghold populated by extremists and a millions of civilians and internally displaced people (IDP), Idlib province and its surroundings are a deadly place.           </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">
                        Conflict                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/corruption/">
                        Corruption                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/looking-back-at-2019-our-top-five-blogs/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-12-20T130347Z_1912199256_RC21ZD9XE3TM_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-SECURITY-IDLIB-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/looking-back-at-2019-our-top-five-blogs/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Dec 24, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Looking back at 2019: Our top five blogs</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Reema Hibrawi</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            It was an especially bleak year for Syria as displacement across the country continued especially in Idlib province. Below are our top five blogs in 2019 that touched on these important issues that captured the attention of our readers.           </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/corruption/">
                        Corruption                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/political-reform/">
                        Political Reform                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/susan-rice-on-syria-nothing-could-be-done/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-12-17T090413Z_37491737_RC2XWD988KWR_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-OIL-RUSSIA-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="The complete destruction in Syria" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/susan-rice-on-syria-nothing-could-be-done/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Dec 18, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Hof&#8217;s analysis of Susan Rice&#8217;s Syria comments</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Frederic C. Hof</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Former national security advisor, Susan Rice, recently wrote an op-ed lamenting the lack of options in solving the Syrian crisis, much like Samantha Powers, however, their arguments do not hold up against scrutiny.          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/politics-diplomacy/">
                        Politics &amp; Diplomacy                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/security-defense/">
                        Security &amp; Defense                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/life-after-war-the-impact-of-conflict-on-syrian-artists/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2014-04-10T120000Z_513981815_GM1EA4B06X201_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-CRISIS-scaled-e1576013898919-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
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    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/life-after-war-the-impact-of-conflict-on-syrian-artists/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Dec 10, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Life after war: The impact of conflict on Syrian artists</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Natasha Hall</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            After a scrawled graffiti message in Daraa, Syrian artists began to express themselves more than they ever could since the Assad family took power. Revolutionary art exploded on to the global scene during the Arab Spring. Particularly in Syria, artists, writers, and filmmakers found a new voice, free of fear. Defiance, grief, and frustration were [&hellip;]          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">
                        Conflict                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience-society/">
                        Resilience &amp; Society                      </a>
                                                  </div>
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  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/reconstruction-and-security-sector-reform-in-syria-must-go-hand-in-hand/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/20191206-VOA-SSR-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/reconstruction-and-security-sector-reform-in-syria-must-go-hand-in-hand/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Dec 6, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Reconstruction and security sector reform in Syria must go hand in hand</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Nora-Elise Beck and Lars Döbert</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The structure and characteristics of the pre-conflict Syrian security sector contributed heavily to the outbreak of the Syrian civil war; for decades, it stood for corruption, discrimination, violent repression, and large-scale human rights abuses. When the Arab Spring began to unfold in Egypt and Tunisia in early 2011, a group of Syrian school boys got [&hellip;]          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/germany/">
                        Germany                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/peacekeeping-and-peacebuilding/">
                        Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/after-the-syria-withdrawal-its-time-the-us-rethinks-the-use-of-proxy-forces/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2019-10-21T000000Z_765071651_RC115088E3F0_RTRMADP_3_SYRIA-SECURITY-IRAQ-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/after-the-syria-withdrawal-its-time-the-us-rethinks-the-use-of-proxy-forces/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Nov 18, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">After the Syria withdrawal, it’s time the US rethinks the use of proxy forces</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Mona Alami</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Proxy warfare is a 21st century military playbook utilized by great powers, like Russia, and the United States with some using it better than others.           </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/security-defense/">
                        Security &amp; Defense                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/syria/">
                        Syria                      </a>
                                                  </div>
                                        </div>
  </div>
</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-death-of-baghdadi-how-isis-used-al-qaedas-mistakes-to-grow-a-caliphate/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/20191108_CJTF_American_and_French_Soldiers-Cropped3-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/the-death-of-baghdadi-how-isis-used-al-qaedas-mistakes-to-grow-a-caliphate/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Nov 8, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">The death of Baghdadi: How ISIS used al-Qaeda’s mistakes to grow a caliphate</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Amanda E. Rogers</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            Optimistic predictions about the end of the Islamic State (ISIS) surged in the wake of US President Donald Trump’s October 27 press conference announcing the death of the ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, but prove misguided in the long term. The threat posed by ISIS remains high, particularly outside the para-state’s previously held territories in [&hellip;]          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/extremism/">
                        Extremism                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/iraq/">
                        Iraq                      </a>
                                                  </div>
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</section>
<section class="gta-embed gta-post-embed gutenblock">
    <div class="gta-post-embed--container gta-embed--container thumbnail">
          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/journalists-in-northeast-syria-fear-the-return-of-state-security-services/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Al-Hol-woman-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/journalists-in-northeast-syria-fear-the-return-of-state-security-services/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Nov 7, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">Journalists in northeast Syria fear the return of state security services</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Dan Wilkofsky</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            US President Donald Trump’s decision in early October to withdraw American troops from the Syria-Turkey border put the US’s local partner in the fight against the Islamic State (ISIS, Daesh), the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), in an unenviable position. Faced with an offensive by Turkey, NATO’s second largest military, the SDF struck a deal with [&hellip;]          </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">
                        Conflict                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/media/">
                        Media                      </a>
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          <div class="gta-post-embed--image gta-embed--image">
                    <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/what-the-turkish-russian-deal-in-syria-means-for-vladimir-putin/">
                        <img width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Erdogan-Putin-500x350.jpg" class="attachment-500_350 size-500_350 wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" />            </a>
      </div>
    
    <div class="gta-embed--content gta-post-embed--content">

                <a class="gta-embed--link gta-post-embed--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/what-the-turkish-russian-deal-in-syria-means-for-vladimir-putin/">
                    <div class="gta-post-embed--heading gta-embed--heading">
            			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
															<span class="gta-embed--tax--cats gta-post-embed--tax--cats">SyriaSource</span>
																</p>
		            <span class="gta-post-embed--heading--date">Oct 23, 2019</span>
          </div>

          <h4 class="gta-post-embed--title gta-embed--title">What the Turkish-Russian deal in Syria means for Vladimir Putin</h4>

          			<p class="gta-embed--tax gta-post-embed--tax">
																			<span class="gta-embed--tax--connect gta-post-embed--tax--connect">By </span>
																<span class="gta-embed--tax--expert gta-post-embed--tax--expert">Frederic C. Hof</span>												</p>
		
          <p class="gta-post-embed--excerpt gta-embed--excerpt">
            The Kremlin stands to reap significant rewards from its agreement with Turkey on Syria.            </p>

          </a>
                                              <div class="gta-embed--terms gta-post-embed--terms">
                                      <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/politics-diplomacy/">
                        Politics &amp; Diplomacy                      </a>
                                                          <a class="s-pill large" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/syria/">
                        Syria                      </a>
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    <aside class="feedback--info" slot="feedback--info"><strong class="info-highlight">Pro Tip:</strong> <i>If you're on a laptop or desktop you can flush everything the browser currently has cached for the site by simply holding down the Shift key while clicking the browsers refresh icon at the same time.</i></aside>
  </user-feedback>
</template>
	<div id="ultimate_ada_translate_element" class="notranslate" aria-hidden="true" translate="no"></div>
	<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">				jQuery(document).ready(function () {
					jQuery('.remove_tooltip_effect .tooltipsall').each
					(function()
					{
					disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html();
					jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei);
					})
				})
				</script><script type="text/javascript">			jQuery(document).ready(function () {
				jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_title .tooltipsall').each
				(function()
				{
				disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).text();
				jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei);
				})
			})
			</script><script type="text/javascript">				jQuery(document).ready(function () {
					jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_content .tooltipsall').each
					(function()
					{
					disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).html();
					jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei);
					})
				})
				</script>	<script type="text/javascript">
	var ajaxurl = '/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php';

	function tooltipsdate()
	{
			var d=new Date();
			str='';
			str +=d.getFullYear()+'-';
			str +=d.getMonth()+1+'-';
			str +=d.getDate()+'-';
			str +=d.getHours()+'-';
			str +=d.getMinutes()+'-';
			str +=d.getSeconds();
			return str;
	}
	var nowtime = tooltipsdate();
	var tooltipsClientIP = '66.249.74.128, 140.248.68.153';

	function toolTips(whichID,theTipContent,toolTipPostID,theTipTitle, toolTipCustomizedStyle)
	{
				if (typeof toolTipPostID==='undefined')
		{
			toolTipPostID = '0';
		}

		toolTipPostStyleName = 'ui-wordpress-tooltip-pro';
		if (typeof toolTipCustomizedStyle==='undefined')
		{
			toolTipCustomizedStyle = 'ui-wordpress-tooltip-pro';
		}

			jQuery(whichID).qtip
			(
				{
					content:
					{
													text:theTipContent,
											},
    				postid:toolTipPostID,
						style:
	   					{
							classes:'defaults'

	    				},
											position:
    				{
    					viewport: jQuery(window),
    					my: 'bottom center',
    					at: 'top center'    				},
					show:
						{
												delay:0,
						event: 'mouseover',
												effect: function() {
										                jQuery(this).fadeTo(200, 1);
			                		jQuery('.qtip iframe').attr('id','stopplayingyoutube');
			                		oldsrc =  jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("oldsrc");

			                		if ('undefined' == oldsrc)
			                		{

			                		}
			                		else
			                		{

			                			jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("src", jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("oldsrc"));
			                		}
			            }
						},
					hide:
															{
										event: 'mouseout',
										effect: function(offset)
										{
											jQuery('.qtip iframe').attr('id','stopplayingyoutube');
								 			jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("oldsrc", jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("src"));
											jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("src", '');
								            jQuery(this).slideDown(100); // "this" refers to the tooltip
								        }
									}
											}
			)
	}
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">
var inboxs = new Array();
inboxs['language'] = "en";
inboxs['hidezeronumberitem'] = "no";
inboxs['selectors'] = '.tooltips_list > span';
inboxs['navitemdefaultsize'] = '12px';
inboxs['navitemselectedsize'] = '14px';
inboxs['navitembackground'] = '#007DBD';inboxs['number'] = "yes";
//!!!jQuery('.tooltips_directory').directory(inboxs);
jQuery(document).ready(function () {
	jQuery('.tooltips_directory').directory(inboxs);  //!!!
	jQuery('.navitem').css('font-size','12px');
})
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(document).ready(function () {
	jQuery('.classtoolTipsCustomShortCode').each(function()
	{
		   jQuery(this).html(jQuery(this).text());
	});
})
</script>
	<script type="text/javascript">

	jQuery(document).ready(function () {
		jQuery('.tooltipsall:has(img)').css('border-bottom','0px');
		jQuery('.tooltipsall > img').css('border-bottom','2px dotted #888888');
		jQuery('.tooltipsall > img').css('padding','0px 0px 6px 0px');
	})
	</script>
<script type="text/javascript">jQuery("document").ready(function(){ var tt_store_content = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit\. Proin fringilla commodo metus, ut dictum ipsum luctus sed\. Aliquam erat volutpat\. Nulla vel ultrices nulla\."; toolTips('.classtoolTips280405, .tooltip_post_id_custom_icon_280405',tt_store_content,'280405','Tooltiptest2020',' ui-wordpress-tooltip-pro  tipscale '); });</script><!-- YouTube Feeds JS -->
<script type="text/javascript">

</script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/tooltips-pro/js/imagesloaded.pkgd.min.js?ver=6.9.1" id="imagesloadedjs-js"></script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/tooltips-pro/js/jdirectory/jquery.directory.js?ver=6.9.1" id="directoryjs-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/js/plyr.min.js?ver=3.7.8" id="plyr-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wplyr-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wplyr = {"iconUrl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/images/plyr.svg","blankVideo":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/video/blank.mp4","controls":["play-large","play","progress","current-time","mute","volume","captions","settings","pip","airplay","fullscreen"],"settings":["captions","quality","speed"],"seekTime":"10"};
//# sourceURL=wplyr-js-extra
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/js/wplyr.js?ver=1.3.0" id="wplyr-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.21.1" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/intersection-observer?ver=20260810143205" id="ptko-scrollama-polyfill-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/scrollama?ver=20260810143205" id="ptko-scrollama-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/scripts/main.js?ver=20260810143205" id="main-scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js?ver=2.30.3" id="vimeo-player-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ultimate-ada-translator-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window.ultimateAdaTranslatorConfig = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"a232806472","sourceLanguage":"en","heartbeatMs":30000,"sessionIdleMs":1800000};
//# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-js-before
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ultimate-ada-translator-js-after">
/* <![CDATA[ */
(function () {
	'use strict';

	var rootSelector = '[data-ultimate-ada-translator]';
	var readyAttribute = 'data-ultimate-ada-translator-ready';
	var analyticsConfig = window.ultimateAdaTranslatorConfig || null;
	var analyticsStorageKey = 'ultimateAdaTranslatorSession';
	var accessibilityStorageKey = 'ultimateAdaTranslatorAccessibilityState';
	var pageLoadedAt = Date.now();
	var lastDurationSentMs = 0;
	var didTrackTranslatorView = false;
	var documentLanguageState = null;
	var heartbeatTimer = null;
	var accessibilityDefaults = {
		zoom: 0,
		contrast: false,
		links: false,
		motion: false,
		dyslexia: false
	};
	var accessibilityZoomScales = {
		0: 1,
		1: 1.12,
		2: 1.24
	};

	function canTrackAnalytics() {
		return Boolean(
			analyticsConfig &&
			analyticsConfig.ajaxUrl &&
			analyticsConfig.nonce &&
			window.JSON &&
			window.fetch &&
			window.URLSearchParams
		);
	}

	function createSessionId() {
		var values;

		if (window.crypto && typeof window.crypto.getRandomValues === 'function') {
			values = new Uint32Array(4);
			window.crypto.getRandomValues(values);

			return Array.prototype.map.call(values, function (value) {
				return value.toString(16);
			}).join('');
		}

		return String(Date.now()) + String(Math.random()).replace(/\D/g, '');
	}

	function readSessionContext() {
		var stored;

		try {
			stored = window.sessionStorage.getItem(analyticsStorageKey);
		} catch (error) {
			stored = null;
		}

		if (!stored) {
			return null;
		}

		try {
			return JSON.parse(stored);
		} catch (error) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	function persistSessionContext(context) {
		try {
			window.sessionStorage.setItem(analyticsStorageKey, JSON.stringify(context));
		} catch (error) {
			return;
		}
	}

	function getSessionContext() {
		var context = readSessionContext();
		var now = Date.now();
		var sessionIdleMs = parseInt(analyticsConfig.sessionIdleMs || 1800000, 10);

		if (!context || !context.id || !context.lastActivityAt || now - context.lastActivityAt > sessionIdleMs) {
			context = {
				id: createSessionId(),
				startedAt: now,
				lastActivityAt: now
			};
		}

		context.lastActivityAt = now;
		persistSessionContext(context);

		return context;
	}

	function getPagePath() {
		return window.location.pathname + window.location.search;
	}

	function buildEvent(type, name, label, meta) {
		var eventMeta = {
			client_timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
			client_timezone: '',
			client_timezone_offset: new Date().getTimezoneOffset(),
			source_language: analyticsConfig && analyticsConfig.sourceLanguage ? analyticsConfig.sourceLanguage : '',
			path: getPagePath(),
			title: document.title || ''
		};
		var key;

		if (
			window.Intl &&
			window.Intl.DateTimeFormat &&
			typeof window.Intl.DateTimeFormat === 'function'
		) {
			try {
				eventMeta.client_timezone = window.Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone || '';
			} catch (error) {
				eventMeta.client_timezone = '';
			}
		}

		meta = meta || {};

		for (key in meta) {
			if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(meta, key)) {
				eventMeta[key] = meta[key];
			}
		}

		return {
			type: type,
			name: name || '',
			label: label || '',
			meta: eventMeta
		};
	}

	function sendAnalyticsEvents(events, useBeacon) {
		var context;
		var params;
		var beaconPayload;

		if (!canTrackAnalytics() || !events || !events.length) {
			return;
		}

		context = getSessionContext();
		params = new URLSearchParams();
		params.set('action', 'ultimate_ada_translator_track');
		params.set('nonce', analyticsConfig.nonce);
		params.set('session_id', context.id);
		params.set('events', JSON.stringify(events));

		if (useBeacon && window.navigator && typeof window.navigator.sendBeacon === 'function') {
			beaconPayload = new Blob(
				[params.toString()],
				{
					type: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
				}
			);

			if (window.navigator.sendBeacon(analyticsConfig.ajaxUrl, beaconPayload)) {
				return;
			}
		}

		window.fetch(
			analyticsConfig.ajaxUrl,
			{
				method: 'POST',
				credentials: 'same-origin',
				keepalive: Boolean(useBeacon),
				headers: {
					'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
				},
				body: params.toString()
			}
		).catch(function () {});
	}

	function trackAnalyticsEvent(type, name, label, meta, useBeacon) {
		sendAnalyticsEvents([buildEvent(type, name, label, meta)], useBeacon);
	}

	function getDurationDelta() {
		var elapsedMs = Math.max(Date.now() - pageLoadedAt, 0);
		var deltaMs = Math.max(elapsedMs - lastDurationSentMs, 0);

		lastDurationSentMs = elapsedMs;

		return deltaMs;
	}

	function trackDurationEvent(type, useBeacon) {
		var durationMs;

		if (!didTrackTranslatorView) {
			return;
		}

		durationMs = getDurationDelta();

		if (durationMs < 1000) {
			return;
		}

		trackAnalyticsEvent(
			type,
			'duration',
			'Session Duration',
			{
				duration_ms: durationMs
			},
			useBeacon
		);
	}

	function startHeartbeat() {
		var heartbeatMs;

		if (heartbeatTimer || !canTrackAnalytics()) {
			return;
		}

		heartbeatMs = parseInt(analyticsConfig.heartbeatMs || 30000, 10);
		heartbeatTimer = window.setInterval(function () {
			if (document.visibilityState && document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {
				return;
			}

			trackDurationEvent('duration_ping', false);
		}, heartbeatMs);
	}

	function trackTranslatorViewOnce() {
		if (didTrackTranslatorView) {
			return;
		}

		didTrackTranslatorView = true;
		trackAnalyticsEvent('translator_view', 'view', 'Translator View', {}, false);
		startHeartbeat();
	}

	function normalizeValue(value) {
		var normalized = String(value || '').toLowerCase();

		if (typeof normalized.normalize === 'function') {
			normalized = normalized.normalize('NFD').replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, '');
		}

		return normalized;
	}

	function getLanguages(select) {
		return Array.prototype.map.call(select.options, function (option) {
			return {
				value: option.value,
				googleCode: option.getAttribute('data-google-code') || option.value,
				direction: option.getAttribute('data-direction') || 'ltr',
				label: option.textContent || option.innerText || '',
				search: option.getAttribute('data-search') || ''
			};
		});
	}

	function findLanguage(languages, value) {
		var index;

		for (index = 0; index < languages.length; index += 1) {
			if (languages[index].value === value) {
				return languages[index];
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	function findLanguageByGoogleCode(languages, googleCode) {
		var index;

		for (index = 0; index < languages.length; index += 1) {
			if (languages[index].googleCode === googleCode) {
				return languages[index];
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	function getMatches(languages, query) {
		var normalizedQuery = normalizeValue(query);

		return languages.filter(function (language) {
			var searchable = normalizeValue(language.value + ' ' + language.googleCode + ' ' + language.label + ' ' + language.search);

			return !normalizedQuery || searchable.indexOf(normalizedQuery) !== -1;
		});
	}

	function clearNode(node) {
		while (node && node.firstChild) {
			node.removeChild(node.firstChild);
		}
	}

	function cloneAccessibilityDefaults() {
		return {
			zoom: accessibilityDefaults.zoom,
			contrast: accessibilityDefaults.contrast,
			links: accessibilityDefaults.links,
			motion: accessibilityDefaults.motion,
			dyslexia: accessibilityDefaults.dyslexia
		};
	}

	function normalizeAccessibilityState(state) {
		var normalized = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();

		if (!state) {
			return normalized;
		}

		normalized.zoom = parseInt(state.zoom, 10);

		if (isNaN(normalized.zoom) || normalized.zoom < 0) {
			normalized.zoom = 0;
		} else if (normalized.zoom > 2) {
			normalized.zoom = 2;
		}

		normalized.contrast = Boolean(state.contrast);
		normalized.links = Boolean(state.links);
		normalized.motion = Boolean(state.motion);
		normalized.dyslexia = Boolean(state.dyslexia);

		return normalized;
	}

	function isAccessibilityStateActive(state) {
		var normalized = normalizeAccessibilityState(state);

		return normalized.zoom > 0 || normalized.contrast || normalized.links || normalized.motion || normalized.dyslexia;
	}

	function getTextZoomTargets() {
		if (!document.body) {
			return [];
		}

		return Array.prototype.filter.call(document.body.querySelectorAll('*'), function (element) {
			var tag = element && element.tagName ? element.tagName.toLowerCase() : '';

			if (!tag) {
				return false;
			}

			return [
				'script', 'style', 'noscript', 'svg', 'path', 'circle', 'rect',
				'polygon', 'line', 'iframe', 'canvas', 'video', 'audio', 'img',
				'picture', 'source', 'br', 'hr'
			].indexOf(tag) === -1;
		});
	}

	function rememberOriginalTextMetrics() {
		getTextZoomTargets().forEach(function (element) {
			var computed;
			var fontSize;
			var lineHeight;

			if (element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize && element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeightCaptured === 'true') {
				return;
			}

			computed = window.getComputedStyle(element);

			if (!element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize) {
				fontSize = parseFloat(computed.fontSize);

				if (!isNaN(fontSize) && fontSize > 0) {
					element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize = String(fontSize);
				}
			}

			if (element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeightCaptured !== 'true') {
				lineHeight = null;

				if (computed.lineHeight && computed.lineHeight.slice(-2) === 'px') {
					lineHeight = parseFloat(computed.lineHeight);

					if (isNaN(lineHeight) || lineHeight <= 0) {
						lineHeight = null;
					}
				}

				if (lineHeight !== null) {
					element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeight = String(lineHeight);
				}

				element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeightCaptured = 'true';
			}
		});
	}

	function applyTextZoom(level) {
		var scale = accessibilityZoomScales[level] || 1;

		rememberOriginalTextMetrics();

		getTextZoomTargets().forEach(function (element) {
			var originalFontSize = parseFloat(element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize || '');
			var originalLineHeight = parseFloat(element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeight || '');

			if (!isNaN(originalFontSize) && originalFontSize > 0) {
				element.style.fontSize = (originalFontSize * scale).toFixed(2) + 'px';
			}

			if (!isNaN(originalLineHeight) && originalLineHeight > 0) {
				element.style.lineHeight = (originalLineHeight * scale).toFixed(2) + 'px';
			}
		});
	}

	function readAccessibilityState() {
		var body = document.body;

		if (!body) {
			return cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		}

		return normalizeAccessibilityState({
			zoom: parseInt(body.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-access-zoom') || '0', 10) || 0,
			contrast: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast'),
			links: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-links'),
			motion: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion'),
			dyslexia: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia')
		});
	}

	function saveAccessibilityState() {
		try {
			window.localStorage.setItem(accessibilityStorageKey, JSON.stringify(readAccessibilityState()));
		} catch (error) {}
	}

	function applyAccessibilityState(state) {
		var body = document.body;
		var normalized = normalizeAccessibilityState(state);

		if (!body) {
			return;
		}

		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast', normalized.contrast);
		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-links', normalized.links);
		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion', normalized.motion);
		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia', normalized.dyslexia);
		body.setAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-access-zoom', String(normalized.zoom));

		applyTextZoom(normalized.zoom);
	}

	function loadAccessibilityState() {
		var parsedState = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		var storedState;

		try {
			storedState = window.localStorage.getItem(accessibilityStorageKey);

			if (storedState) {
				parsedState = JSON.parse(storedState);
			}
		} catch (error) {
			parsedState = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		}

		applyAccessibilityState(parsedState);
	}

	function getAccessibilityStatusText(state) {
		var normalized = normalizeAccessibilityState(state);
		var activeSettings = [];

		if (normalized.zoom === 1) {
			activeSettings.push('medium text size');
		} else if (normalized.zoom === 2) {
			activeSettings.push('large text size');
		}

		if (normalized.contrast) {
			activeSettings.push('high contrast');
		}

		if (normalized.links) {
			activeSettings.push('highlight links');
		}

		if (normalized.motion) {
			activeSettings.push('reduced motion');
		}

		if (normalized.dyslexia) {
			activeSettings.push('dyslexia-friendly font');
		}

		if (!activeSettings.length) {
			return 'Accessibility tools are set to default.';
		}

		return 'Active accessibility settings: ' + activeSettings.join(', ') + '.';
	}

	function syncAccessibilityButtons(scope) {
		var root = scope || document;
		var state = readAccessibilityState();
		var zoomLabel = 'Text Size: Default';

		if (state.zoom === 1) {
			zoomLabel = 'Text Size: Medium';
		} else if (state.zoom === 2) {
			zoomLabel = 'Text Size: Large';
		}

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="zoom"]'), function (button) {
			button.textContent = zoomLabel;
			button.classList.toggle('is-active', state.zoom > 0);
			button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', state.zoom > 0 ? 'true' : 'false');
		});

		['contrast', 'links', 'motion', 'dyslexia'].forEach(function (control) {
			Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="' + control + '"]'), function (button) {
				var isActive = Boolean(state[control]);

				button.classList.toggle('is-active', isActive);
				button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', isActive ? 'true' : 'false');
			});
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility-status]'), function (statusNode) {
			statusNode.textContent = getAccessibilityStatusText(state);
		});
	}

	function updateAccessibilityState(control) {
		var state = readAccessibilityState();

		if (control === 'zoom') {
			state.zoom = state.zoom >= 2 ? 0 : state.zoom + 1;
		} else if (control === 'contrast' || control === 'links' || control === 'motion' || control === 'dyslexia') {
			state[control] = !state[control];
		} else if (control === 'reset') {
			state = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		}

		applyAccessibilityState(state);
		saveAccessibilityState();
		syncAccessibilityButtons(document);
	}

	function createLanguageButton(language, selectedValue) {
		var button = document.createElement('button');
		var label = document.createElement('span');
		var code = document.createElement('span');

		button.type = 'button';
		button.className = 'ultimate-ada-translator__language-button';
		button.setAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-language', language.value);
		button.setAttribute('data-google-code', language.googleCode);
		button.setAttribute('dir', language.direction);
		button.setAttribute('lang', language.value);
		button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', language.value === selectedValue ? 'true' : 'false');
		button.classList.toggle('is-active', language.value === selectedValue);

		label.textContent = language.label;
		code.className = 'ultimate-ada-translator__language-code';
		code.textContent = language.value;

		button.appendChild(label);
		button.appendChild(code);

		return button;
	}

	function renderOptions(list, empty, languages, query, selectedValue) {
		var matches = getMatches(languages, query);

		clearNode(list);

		if (!matches.length) {
			if (empty) {
				empty.hidden = false;
			}
			return;
		}

		if (empty) {
			empty.hidden = true;
		}

		matches.forEach(function (language) {
			list.appendChild(createLanguageButton(language, selectedValue));
		});
	}

	function updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue) {
		var selectedLanguage = findLanguage(languages, selectedValue);

		root.setAttribute('data-selected-language', selectedValue);

		if (!status || !selectedLanguage) {
			return;
		}

		status.textContent = 'Current language: ' + selectedLanguage.label;
	}

	function captureDocumentLanguageState() {
		var html = document.documentElement;

		if (documentLanguageState || !html) {
			return;
		}

		documentLanguageState = {
			hasDirection: html.hasAttribute('dir'),
			direction: html.getAttribute('dir'),
			hasLanguage: html.hasAttribute('lang'),
			language: html.getAttribute('lang')
		};
	}

	function restoreDocumentLanguageState() {
		var html = document.documentElement;
		var body = document.body;

		captureDocumentLanguageState();

		if (!html || !documentLanguageState) {
			return;
		}

		if (documentLanguageState.hasDirection) {
			html.setAttribute('dir', documentLanguageState.direction || 'ltr');
		} else {
			html.removeAttribute('dir');
		}

		if (documentLanguageState.hasLanguage) {
			html.setAttribute('lang', documentLanguageState.language || 'en');
		} else {
			html.removeAttribute('lang');
		}

		html.classList.remove('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', 'ultimate-ada-translator-ltr');

		if (body) {
			body.classList.remove('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', 'ultimate-ada-translator-ltr');
		}
	}

	function applyDocumentLanguageState(language) {
		var html = document.documentElement;
		var body = document.body;
		var direction = language && language.direction === 'rtl' ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
		var languageCode = language && (language.googleCode || language.value);

		captureDocumentLanguageState();

		if (!html || !languageCode) {
			return;
		}

		html.setAttribute('dir', direction);
		html.setAttribute('lang', languageCode);
		html.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', direction === 'rtl');
		html.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-ltr', direction !== 'rtl');

		if (body) {
			body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', direction === 'rtl');
			body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-ltr', direction !== 'rtl');
		}
	}

	function dispatchLanguageChange(root, selectedValue) {
		var event;

		if (typeof window.CustomEvent !== 'function') {
			return;
		}

		event = new window.CustomEvent(
			'ultimateAdaTranslator:languageChange',
			{
				bubbles: true,
				detail: {
					language: selectedValue
				}
			}
		);

		root.dispatchEvent(event);
	}

	function getActiveTab(root) {
		return root.getAttribute('data-active-tab') || 'language';
	}

	function syncTranslatorTabs(root) {
		var activeTab = getActiveTab(root);

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab]'), function (button) {
			var isActive = button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab') === activeTab;

			button.classList.toggle('is-active', isActive);
			button.setAttribute('aria-selected', isActive ? 'true' : 'false');
			button.tabIndex = isActive ? 0 : -1;
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel]'), function (panel) {
			var isActive = panel.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel') === activeTab;

			panel.hidden = !isActive;
			panel.setAttribute('aria-hidden', isActive ? 'false' : 'true');
		});
	}

	function setActiveTab(root, tabName) {
		root.setAttribute('data-active-tab', tabName === 'accessibility' ? 'accessibility' : 'language');
		syncTranslatorTabs(root);
	}

	function focusActiveTabControl(root) {
		var activeTab = getActiveTab(root);
		var search;
		var firstAccessibilityButton;

		if (activeTab === 'accessibility') {
			firstAccessibilityButton = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility]');

			if (firstAccessibilityButton) {
				firstAccessibilityButton.focus();
			}

			return;
		}

		search = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-search]');

		if (search) {
			search.focus();
		}
	}

	function setPanelState(root, isOpen) {
		var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');
		var panel = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel]');
		var backdrop = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop]');

		if (isOpen) {
			closeAllTranslators(root);
		}

		root.setAttribute('data-open', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false');

		if (trigger) {
			trigger.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false');
		}

		if (panel) {
			panel.hidden = !isOpen;
		}

		if (backdrop) {
			backdrop.hidden = !isOpen;
		}

		if (isOpen) {
			syncTranslatorTabs(root);
		}

		updateLightboxBodyState();
	}

	function closeAllTranslators(exceptRoot) {
		Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'), function (root) {
			if (exceptRoot && root === exceptRoot) {
				return;
			}

			root.setAttribute('data-open', 'false');

			var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');
			var panel = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel]');
			var backdrop = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop]');

			if (trigger) {
				trigger.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
			}

			if (panel) {
				panel.hidden = true;
			}

			if (backdrop) {
				backdrop.hidden = true;
			}
		});
	}

	function updateLightboxBodyState() {
		if (!document.body) {
			return;
		}

		document.body.classList.toggle(
			'ultimate-ada-translator-lightbox-open',
			Boolean(document.querySelector(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'))
		);
	}

	function trackSelectedLanguage(languages, selectedValue) {
		var selectedLanguage = findLanguage(languages, selectedValue);

		if (!selectedLanguage) {
			return;
		}

		trackAnalyticsEvent(
			'language_select',
			selectedLanguage.value,
			selectedLanguage.label,
			{
				language_code: selectedLanguage.value
			},
			false
		);
	}

	function getCookieDomains(hostname) {
		var normalizedHost = String(hostname || '').replace(/^\.+/, '');
		var parts = normalizedHost.split('.').filter(Boolean);
		var domains = ['', normalizedHost, '.' + normalizedHost];
		var index;
		var domain;

		for (index = 1; index < parts.length - 1; index += 1) {
			domain = parts.slice(index).join('.');
			domains.push(domain, '.' + domain);
		}

		return domains.filter(function (value, valueIndex) {
			return value && domains.indexOf(value) === valueIndex;
		});
	}

	function writeCookie(name, value, domain) {
		var domainPart = domain ? '; domain=' + domain : '';

		document.cookie = name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value) + '; path=/' + domainPart + '; SameSite=Lax';
	}

	function expireCookie(name, domain) {
		var domainPart = domain ? '; domain=' + domain : '';

		document.cookie = name + '=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; Max-Age=0; path=/' + domainPart + '; SameSite=Lax';
	}

	function persistGoogleTranslateState(googleCode, sourceGoogleCode) {
		var cookieValue = '/' + (sourceGoogleCode || 'en') + '/' + googleCode;

		getCookieDomains(window.location.hostname).forEach(function (domain) {
			writeCookie('googtrans', cookieValue, domain);
		});

		writeCookie('googtrans', cookieValue, '');

		try {
			window.localStorage.setItem('googtrans', cookieValue);
			window.sessionStorage.setItem('googtrans', cookieValue);
		} catch (error) {}
	}

	function clearGoogleTranslateState() {
		getCookieDomains(window.location.hostname).forEach(function (domain) {
			expireCookie('googtrans', domain);
		});

		expireCookie('googtrans', '');

		try {
			window.localStorage.removeItem('googtrans');
			window.sessionStorage.removeItem('googtrans');
		} catch (error) {}

		document.documentElement.classList.remove('translated-ltr', 'translated-rtl');

		if (document.body) {
			document.body.classList.remove('translated-ltr', 'translated-rtl');
			document.body.style.top = '';
		}
	}

	function getTranslateSelect() {
		return document.querySelector('.goog-te-combo');
	}

	function getCurrentGoogleCode(sourceGoogleCode) {
		var select = getTranslateSelect();
		var match;
		var parts;

		if (select && select.value) {
			return select.value;
		}

		match = document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;\s*)googtrans=([^;]+)/);

		if (!match) {
			return sourceGoogleCode || 'en';
		}

		parts = decodeURIComponent(match[1]).split('/');

		return parts[2] || sourceGoogleCode || 'en';
	}

	function waitForTranslateSelect(callback, attempts) {
		var maxAttempts = 60;
		var currentAttempts = attempts || 0;
		var select = getTranslateSelect();

		if (select) {
			callback(select);
			return;
		}

		if (currentAttempts >= maxAttempts) {
			return;
		}

		window.setTimeout(function () {
			waitForTranslateSelect(callback, currentAttempts + 1);
		}, 250);
	}

	function reloadCurrentUrl() {
		window.location.assign(window.location.origin + window.location.pathname + window.location.search);
	}

	function applyWebsiteTranslation(language, root) {
		var googleCode = language.googleCode;
		var sourceValue = root.getAttribute('data-source-language') || root.getAttribute('data-default-language') || 'en';
		var sourceGoogleCode = root.getAttribute('data-source-google-code') || sourceValue;

		if (language.value === sourceValue || googleCode === sourceGoogleCode) {
			restoreDocumentLanguageState();
			clearGoogleTranslateState();

			waitForTranslateSelect(function (select) {
				select.value = '';
				select.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true, cancelable: true}));
			});

			reloadCurrentUrl();
			return;
		}

		waitForTranslateSelect(function (select) {
			var optionExists = Array.prototype.some.call(select.options, function (option) {
				return option.value === googleCode;
			});

			persistGoogleTranslateState(googleCode, sourceGoogleCode);

			if (optionExists) {
				select.value = googleCode;
				select.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true, cancelable: true}));

				window.setTimeout(function () {
					if (getCurrentGoogleCode(sourceGoogleCode) === googleCode) {
						applyDocumentLanguageState(language);
					} else {
						reloadCurrentUrl();
					}
				}, 2200);
			} else {
				reloadCurrentUrl();
			}

			setPanelState(root, false);
		});
	}

	function initTranslator(root) {
		var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');
		var panel = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel]');
		var backdrop = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop]');
		var closeButton = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-close]');
		var tabButtons = root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab]');
		var search = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-search]');
		var select = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-select]');
		var list = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-list]');
		var empty = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-empty]');
		var reset = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-reset]');
		var status = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-status]');
		var accessibilityControls = root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility]');
		var defaultValue = root.getAttribute('data-default-language') || 'en';
		var sourceGoogleCode = root.getAttribute('data-source-google-code') || defaultValue;
		var currentGoogleCode;
		var currentLanguage;
		var selectedValue;
		var languages;

		if (root.getAttribute(readyAttribute) === 'true' || !trigger || !panel || !backdrop || !closeButton || !search || !select || !list || !reset) {
			return;
		}

		root.setAttribute(readyAttribute, 'true');
		panel.hidden = true;
		backdrop.hidden = true;
		syncTranslatorTabs(root);
		languages = getLanguages(select);
		currentGoogleCode = getCurrentGoogleCode(sourceGoogleCode);
		currentLanguage = findLanguageByGoogleCode(languages, currentGoogleCode);
		selectedValue = currentLanguage ? currentLanguage.value : defaultValue;

		if (currentLanguage && currentLanguage.value !== defaultValue) {
			applyDocumentLanguageState(currentLanguage);
		} else {
			restoreDocumentLanguageState();
		}

		renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
		updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue);
		syncAccessibilityButtons(root);

		trigger.addEventListener('click', function () {
			var isOpen = root.getAttribute('data-open') === 'true';

			if (!isOpen) {
				setActiveTab(root, 'language');
			}

			setPanelState(root, !isOpen);

			if (!isOpen) {
				window.setTimeout(function () {
					focusActiveTabControl(root);
				}, 0);
			}
		});

		backdrop.addEventListener('click', function () {
			setPanelState(root, false);
			trigger.focus();
		});

		closeButton.addEventListener('click', function () {
			setPanelState(root, false);
			trigger.focus();
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(tabButtons, function (button) {
			button.addEventListener('click', function () {
				setActiveTab(root, button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab') || 'language');
				focusActiveTabControl(root);
			});
		});

		search.addEventListener('input', function () {
			renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
		});

		list.addEventListener('click', function (event) {
			var button = event.target && event.target.closest ? event.target.closest('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-language]') : null;
			var language;

			if (!button) {
				return;
			}

			event.preventDefault();
			language = findLanguage(languages, button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-language'));

			if (!language) {
				return;
			}

			selectedValue = language.value;
			select.value = selectedValue;
			renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
			updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue);
			dispatchLanguageChange(root, selectedValue);
			trackSelectedLanguage(languages, selectedValue);
			if (selectedValue === defaultValue) {
				restoreDocumentLanguageState();
			}
			applyWebsiteTranslation(language, root);
		});

		reset.addEventListener('click', function () {
			selectedValue = defaultValue;
			restoreDocumentLanguageState();
			search.value = '';
			select.value = selectedValue;
			renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
			updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue);
			dispatchLanguageChange(root, selectedValue);
			trackAnalyticsEvent(
				'reset',
				defaultValue,
				(findLanguage(languages, defaultValue) || {label: defaultValue}).label,
				{
					language_code: defaultValue
				},
				false
			);
			applyWebsiteTranslation(findLanguage(languages, defaultValue) || {value: defaultValue, googleCode: sourceGoogleCode, direction: 'ltr', label: defaultValue}, root);
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(accessibilityControls, function (button) {
			button.addEventListener('click', function () {
				updateAccessibilityState(button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility') || '');
			});
		});
	}

	function initAllTranslators() {
		var translators = document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector);

		loadAccessibilityState();
		syncAccessibilityButtons(document);

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(translators, initTranslator);

		if (translators.length) {
			trackTranslatorViewOnce();
		}
	}

	window.addEventListener('pagehide', function () {
		trackDurationEvent('pagehide', true);
	});

	document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', function () {
		if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {
			trackDurationEvent('pagehide', true);
		}
	});

	document.addEventListener('click', function (event) {
		Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'), function (root) {
			if (!root.contains(event.target)) {
				setPanelState(root, false);
			}
		});
	});

	document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) {
		if (event.key !== 'Escape') {
			return;
		}

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'), function (root) {
			var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');

			setPanelState(root, false);

			if (trigger) {
				trigger.focus();
			}
		});
	});

	if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
		document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initAllTranslators);
	} else {
		initAllTranslators();
	}
}());
//# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-js-after
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ultimate-ada-translator-google-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
(function () { var html = document.documentElement; if (html) { html.setAttribute("lang", "en"); } }());
window.ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleInit = function () { if (window.ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleLoaded || !window.google || !window.google.translate) { return; } window.ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleLoaded = true; new window.google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: "en", includedLanguages: "zh-CN,hi,es,fr,ar,bn,ru,pt,ur,id,de,ja,sw,mr,te,tr,ta,vi,ko,it,th,gu,pl,uk,ml,kn,or,my,fa,ro,nl,el,hu,cs,sv,az,pa,ps,sd,ku,ha,yo,ig,am,om,so,ne,si,km,lo,ms,tl,jv,su,ceb,mg,ny,rw,zu,xh,af,st,tn,sn,ff,wo,bm,ln,ak,ee,ti,he,hy,ka,kk,uz,ug,tk,ky,tg,mn,bg,sr,hr,bs,sk,sl,lt,lv,et,fi,da,no,ca,eu,gl,sq,mk,ht", autoDisplay: false }, "ultimate_ada_translate_element"); };
//# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-google-js-before
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleInit" id="ultimate-ada-translator-google-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/fwdu3dcar/js/FWDU3DCar.js?ver=2.0" id="fwdu3dcar-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wdt-custom-avada-js-js-extra">
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var wdt_ajax_object = {"ajaxurl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"};
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