<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120</id><updated>2024-09-11T08:12:13.642+08:00</updated><category term="malaysia"/><category term="me"/><category term="blogs"/><category term="poems"/><category term="ponder"/><category term="religion"/><category term="early days"/><category term="family"/><category term="race"/><title type='text'>My Moments Diary</title><subtitle type='html'>My life and experiences as I see it</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>24</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-3821397327967047966</id><published>2013-02-21T21:40:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2013-02-21T21:40:31.958+08:00</updated><title type='text'>Cherish what you have </title><content type='html'>&lt;div xmlns=&#39;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#39;&gt;Story Of Regret (Must Read)&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
There was this guy who believed very much in true love and decided to take his time to wait for his right girl to appear. He believed that there would definitely be someone special out there for him, but none came. Every year at Christmas, his ex-girlfriend would return from Vancouver to look him up. He was aware that she still held some hope of re-kindling the past romance with him. He did not wish to mislead her in any way. So he would always get one of his girl friends to pose as his steady whenever she came back. That went on for several years and each year, the guy would get a different girl to pose as his romantic interest.&lt;br/&gt;
So whenever the ex-girlfriend came to visit him, she would be led into believing that it was all over between her and the guy. The girl took all those rather well, often trying to casually tease him about his different girlfriends, or so, as it seemed! In fact, the girl often wept in secret whenever she saw him with another girl, but she was too proud to admit it. Still, every Christmas, she returned, hoping to re-kindle some form of romance. But each time, she returned to Vancouver feeling disappointed.&lt;br/&gt;
Finally she decided that she could not play that game any longer. Therefore, she confronted him and professed that after all those years, he was still the only man that she had ever loved. Although the guy knew of her feelings for him, he was still taken back and have never expected her to react that way. He always thought that she would slowly forget about him over time and come to terms that it was all over between them. Although he was touched by her undying love for him and wanted so much to accept her again, he remembered why he rejected her in the first place-she was not the one he wanted. So he hardened his heart and turned her down cruelly. Since then, three years have passed and the girl never return anymore. They never even wrote to each other. The guy went on with his life… still searching for the one but somehow deep inside him, he missed the girl.&lt;br/&gt;
On the Christmas of 1995, he went to his friend’s party alone. “Hey, how come all alone this year? Where are all your girlfriends? What happened to that Vancouver babe who joins you every Christmas?”, asked one of his friend. He felt warm and comforted by his friend’s queries about her, still he just surged on.&lt;br/&gt;
Then, he came upon one of his many girlfriends whom he once requested to pose as his steady. He wanted so much to ignore her ….. not that he was impolite, but because at that moment, he just didn’t feel comfortable with those girlfriends anymore. It was almost like he was being judged by them. The girl saw him and shouted across the floor for him. Unable to avoid her, he went up to acknowledge her.&lt;br/&gt;
“Hi… how are you? Enjoying the party?” the girl asked.&lt;br/&gt;
“Sure… yeah!”, he replied.&lt;br/&gt;
She was slightly tipsy… must be from the whiskey on her hand. She continued, “Why…? Don’t you need someone to pose as your girlfriend this year?” Then he answered, “No, there is no need for that anymore…”&lt;br/&gt;
Before he can continue, he was interrupted, “Oh yes! Must have found a girlfriend! You haven’t been searching for one for the past years, right?” The man looked up, as if he has struck gold, his face beamed and looked directly at the drunken girl. He replied, “Yes… you are right! I haven’t been looking for anyone for the past years.”&lt;br/&gt;
With that, the man darted across the floor and out the door, leaving the lady in much bewilderment. He finally realized that he has already found his dream girl, and she was… the Vancouver girl all along! The drunken lady has said something that awoken him.&lt;br/&gt;
All along he has found his girl. That was why he did not bother to look further when he realized she was not coming back. It was not any specific girl he was seeking! It was perfection that he wanted, and yes… perfection! Relationship is something both parties should work on. Realizing that he had let away someone so important in his life, he decided to call her immediately. His whole mind was flooded with fear. He was afraid that she might have found someone new or no longer had the same feelings anymore… For once, he felt the fear of losing someone.&lt;br/&gt;
As it was Christmas eve, the line was quite hard to get through, especially an overseas call. He tried again and again, never giving up. Finally, he got through…. precisely at 1200 midnight. He confessed his love for her and the girl was moved to tears. It seemed that she never got over him! Even after so long, she was still waiting for him, never giving up.&lt;br/&gt;
He was so excited to meet her and to begin his new chapter of their lives. He decided to fly to Vancouver to join her. It was the happiest time of their lives! But their happy time was short-lived. Two days before he was supposed to fly to Vancouver, he received a call from her father. She had a head-on car collision with a drunken driver. She passed away after 6 hours in a coma.&lt;br/&gt;
The guy was devastated, as it was a complete loss. Why did fate played such cruel games with him? He cursed the heaven for taking her away from him, denying even one last look at her! How cruel he cursed! How he damned the Gods…!! How he hated himself… for taking so long to realize his mistake!! That was in 1996.&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
Moral: Treasure what you have… Time is too slow for those who wait, Too swift for those who fear, Too long for those who grief, Too short for those who rejoice, But for those who love… Time is Eternity. For all you out there with someone special in your heart, cherish that person, cherish every moment that you spend together that special someone, for in life, anything can happen anytime. You may painfully regret, only to realize that it is too late.&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
- One LoVe Is All We NeeD ღ&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p style=&#39;font-size: xx-small&#39; align=&#39;right&#39;&gt;posted from &lt;a href=&#39;https://market.android.com/details?id=pl.przemelek.android.blogger&#39;&gt;Bloggeroid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/3821397327967047966/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2013/02/cherish-what-you-have.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3821397327967047966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3821397327967047966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2013/02/cherish-what-you-have.html' title='Cherish what you have '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-8055990111072041930</id><published>2012-10-16T02:15:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2012-10-16T02:15:19.681+08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdtVw13Y2MvSz8ZGtoV91pD2KSzXKyKO5ItEHWyByQEXYR9EZlZt3wDw2g_w3WE6vnQwIE2E5vkDl75uSB99XWsyhGYyTPZ9Oteea1kA6KhYSK4FW_obJDsltnk-MY6SDoGhDU7E4ZGG4/s1600/253134_363177603763528_599403046_n.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdtVw13Y2MvSz8ZGtoV91pD2KSzXKyKO5ItEHWyByQEXYR9EZlZt3wDw2g_w3WE6vnQwIE2E5vkDl75uSB99XWsyhGYyTPZ9Oteea1kA6KhYSK4FW_obJDsltnk-MY6SDoGhDU7E4ZGG4/s320/253134_363177603763528_599403046_n.jpg&quot; width=&quot;247&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/1271415292383991064/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2012/10/hero.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/1271415292383991064'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/1271415292383991064'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2012/10/hero.html' title='hero'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdtVw13Y2MvSz8ZGtoV91pD2KSzXKyKO5ItEHWyByQEXYR9EZlZt3wDw2g_w3WE6vnQwIE2E5vkDl75uSB99XWsyhGYyTPZ9Oteea1kA6KhYSK4FW_obJDsltnk-MY6SDoGhDU7E4ZGG4/s72-c/253134_363177603763528_599403046_n.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-2956672615922531228</id><published>2012-10-16T02:12:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2012-10-16T02:12:28.451+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="poems"/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmXo6ImONkF31B7PqOzV69z9aHq_CWnalByAWWImOWOgMuPL8ML55DvxlBiSXiV3Kh79rxCBAF8fDFql4tIYwYVsTwVyltMhCz0nISlJYABcPrfhoHSnjTew9H3syVNX3AITTC0EuobQI/s1600/friendship_09.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmXo6ImONkF31B7PqOzV69z9aHq_CWnalByAWWImOWOgMuPL8ML55DvxlBiSXiV3Kh79rxCBAF8fDFql4tIYwYVsTwVyltMhCz0nISlJYABcPrfhoHSnjTew9H3syVNX3AITTC0EuobQI/s320/friendship_09.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Lord is with you wherever you go&lt;br&gt;He is with you always although you may not know&lt;br&gt;He searches your heart for the honesty within&lt;br&gt;He wishes to help you be freed from your sins&lt;br&gt;Although things may seem to be falling apart&lt;br&gt;The Lord is with you always within your broken heart&lt;br&gt;He has been with you always waiting for you to hear his voice&lt;br&gt;He has been calling you waiting for you to make a choice&lt;br&gt;His love for you is generous, merciful, patient and kind&lt;br&gt;He longs for you trust in Him and peace you will finally find&lt;br&gt;You have been searching for many long and sorrowful years &lt;br&gt;The Lord has been with you He has wiped away all of your tears&lt;br&gt;He is there deep within your soul waiting for you to pray&lt;br&gt;To be honest and truthful in everything that you say&lt;br&gt;Kneel down to pray for forgiveness and repent for your sins&lt;br&gt;Pray that you may learn to forgive and trust again&lt;br&gt;The Lord will be with you He will hold your hand&lt;br&gt;He will be beside you helping you to stand&lt;br&gt;Let the Lord guide you in all that you do&lt;br&gt;Keep Him in your life remain honest and true&lt;br&gt;He waits for you to join Him the choice is up to you&lt;br&gt;He waits for you to join Him and kneel at the pew&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/2705728829656412649/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/12/jesus-waits-for-you.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/2705728829656412649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/2705728829656412649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/12/jesus-waits-for-you.html' title='Jesus waits for you'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-1127079094955576612</id><published>2010-11-24T00:32:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T00:32:33.376+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ponder"/><title type='text'>inspire me</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnRdfAyXtROLG3d5N0o1yBO7b8uAIUF1Cdt6lAHP3M4Z7trg_jU7ma6vRgvB8qmY290tqonzgBfPD_cPL16obI8_beHNCOsJDYl0fuT6ZY_dRcM5rZzKQefjG_tzZU16zjr1rdB64rtk/s1600/8775.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;214&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnRdfAyXtROLG3d5N0o1yBO7b8uAIUF1Cdt6lAHP3M4Z7trg_jU7ma6vRgvB8qmY290tqonzgBfPD_cPL16obI8_beHNCOsJDYl0fuT6ZY_dRcM5rZzKQefjG_tzZU16zjr1rdB64rtk/s320/8775.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/1127079094955576612/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/inspire-me.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/1127079094955576612'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/1127079094955576612'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/inspire-me.html' title='inspire me'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnRdfAyXtROLG3d5N0o1yBO7b8uAIUF1Cdt6lAHP3M4Z7trg_jU7ma6vRgvB8qmY290tqonzgBfPD_cPL16obI8_beHNCOsJDYl0fuT6ZY_dRcM5rZzKQefjG_tzZU16zjr1rdB64rtk/s72-c/8775.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-4833579298289446585</id><published>2010-11-24T00:31:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T00:31:30.885+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="me"/><title type='text'>My dislkes</title><content type='html'>Well... let me see.. there is a number of things I dislike. First and foremost, I don&#39;t like liars and hypocrisy. I am honest and I like people to be that way too. I dun like untidiness or a messy person. I also dun like unfaithfulness. Hmmm.... I dun like careless and impatient drivers. Safety on the road is important. Dun you love your life. Slow and steady wins the race... rite....:-) I dun like to condemn and I would not like to be condemn too. We must not judge a book by it&#39;s cover. Everyone deserves to have their own way of life. I am not&amp;nbsp;judgmental&amp;nbsp;and I dun like people who are&amp;nbsp;judgmental. God made each one of us unique and He loves us all the same.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKuveCRk4bsV30YEgQ619l8ZqGQuFIXZaYv8U10aiP5vR1Nj2Ee74ZdRtgSddvfB7SKM4773uug-rSiKMUlcSVX5qEC-r_Hk6cWOxRzT6tuPo1Ii7xQbltL4OYSQR49h6rOIvhBg-pO5A/s1600/8751.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKuveCRk4bsV30YEgQ619l8ZqGQuFIXZaYv8U10aiP5vR1Nj2Ee74ZdRtgSddvfB7SKM4773uug-rSiKMUlcSVX5qEC-r_Hk6cWOxRzT6tuPo1Ii7xQbltL4OYSQR49h6rOIvhBg-pO5A/s320/8751.jpg&quot; width=&quot;238&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/4833579298289446585/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-dislkes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/4833579298289446585'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/4833579298289446585'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-dislkes.html' title='My dislkes'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKuveCRk4bsV30YEgQ619l8ZqGQuFIXZaYv8U10aiP5vR1Nj2Ee74ZdRtgSddvfB7SKM4773uug-rSiKMUlcSVX5qEC-r_Hk6cWOxRzT6tuPo1Ii7xQbltL4OYSQR49h6rOIvhBg-pO5A/s72-c/8751.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-55741847059661370</id><published>2010-11-22T15:14:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-22T15:14:42.800+08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sacred Heart of Jesus: Sacred Heart of Jesus</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://sacredheartjesus.blogspot.com/2010/09/sacred-heart-of-jesus.html?spref=bl&quot;&gt;Sacred Heart of Jesus: Sacred Heart of Jesus&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/55741847059661370/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/sacred-heart-of-jesus-sacred-heart-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/55741847059661370'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/55741847059661370'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/sacred-heart-of-jesus-sacred-heart-of.html' title='Sacred Heart of Jesus: Sacred Heart of Jesus'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-7297405269233679127</id><published>2010-11-21T00:07:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-21T00:07:38.946+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="me"/><title type='text'>my Likes</title><content type='html'>Hmmmm... let&#39;s see what I like. First and foremost I like to read, mostly novels. My favourite authors are&amp;nbsp;Danielle&amp;nbsp;Steel and Sidney Sheldon. I have read a number of books. Currently I am reading this book given to me by my brother. The title is I can&#39;t do it all. It is interesting to know what we need and what we don&#39;t need.&lt;br /&gt;
I also like cooking. That is my&amp;nbsp;favorite&amp;nbsp;pass time. Now I am the cook at home. I cook everyday. I like experimenting and creating new dishes with my family as the guinea pig... ha ha.. I am an expert in making Sugee Cake, the&amp;nbsp;Eurasian&amp;nbsp;style.&lt;br /&gt;
I also like poems and poetry. I have a huge collection and I will add them as I go on blogging.&lt;br /&gt;
Next, I like is playing&amp;nbsp;Facebook&amp;nbsp;games. I am just a mania in that.&lt;br /&gt;
Travelling is&amp;nbsp;OK&amp;nbsp;but sometimes it just takes the strain in me.&lt;br /&gt;
My other&amp;nbsp;favorite&amp;nbsp;is playing scrabble and doing&amp;nbsp;crossword&amp;nbsp;puzzles.&lt;br /&gt;
Music... hmmm it is&amp;nbsp;OK&amp;nbsp;if it is country and western. I am not a fan of movies but I do watch them especially on the box.&lt;br /&gt;
I like helping people and making friends but am always the black sheep in this as I chose the wrong friends. &amp;nbsp;I have a great number of &amp;nbsp;friends. I have young and old friends. To me, age is not a barrier in friendship. I accept everyone as they are. I don&#39;t look for status or wealth in friendship as everyone is God&#39;s children. Age, creed and status is not in my book of friendship.&lt;br /&gt;
I also like doing voluntary work for an organization or a church.&lt;br /&gt;
That is about it.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/7297405269233679127/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-likes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/7297405269233679127'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/7297405269233679127'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-likes.html' title='my Likes'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-3770648023274184653</id><published>2010-11-19T20:08:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-19T20:08:30.070+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="religion"/><title type='text'>I am a Catholic</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;b&gt;Catholic Church&lt;/b&gt;, also known as the &lt;b&gt;Roman Catholic Church&lt;/b&gt;, is the world&#39;s largest &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&quot;&gt;Christian&lt;/a&gt; church, claiming more than a billion members.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Zenit-0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Its leader is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope&quot;&gt;Pope&lt;/a&gt;. The Church defines its mission as spreading the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_news_(Christianity)&quot;&gt;gospel&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ&quot;&gt;Jesus Christ&lt;/a&gt;, administering the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;sacraments&lt;/a&gt; and exercising charity. &lt;p&gt;The Catholic Church is one of the oldest continuous religious institutions in the world and has played a prominent role in the history of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_civilisation&quot;&gt;Western civilisation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-O.27CollinsPref-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; It teaches that it was founded by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ&quot;&gt;Jesus Christ&lt;/a&gt;, that its &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)&quot;&gt;bishops&lt;/a&gt; are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_succession&quot;&gt;successors&lt;/a&gt; of his &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostle_(Christian)&quot;&gt;apostles&lt;/a&gt;, and that the Pope as the successor of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter_the_Apostle&quot;&gt;St. Peter&lt;/a&gt; possesses a universal &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primacy_of_the_Roman_Pontiff&quot;&gt;primacy&lt;/a&gt;. As such, Catholic doctrine proclaims the Catholic Church to be the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_true_faith&quot;&gt;one true Church&lt;/a&gt; of Christ. It also claims the power to define its doctrines &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church&quot;&gt;infallibly&lt;/a&gt; through the guidance of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Spirit&quot;&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Church teaches that in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;Eucharist&lt;/a&gt; bread and wine are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transubstantiation&quot;&gt;transubstantiated&lt;/a&gt; into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Presence&quot;&gt;body and blood of Christ&lt;/a&gt;. Other distinctive doctrines include&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory&quot;&gt;Purgatory&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_infallibility&quot;&gt;Papal infallibility&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_conception&quot;&gt;immaculate conception&lt;/a&gt; and bodily &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary&quot;&gt;assumption&lt;/a&gt; into heaven of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary_(Roman_Catholic)&quot;&gt;Mary&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Our Doctrine&lt;/u&gt; &lt;p&gt;. &lt;p&gt;The Catholic Church holds that there is one eternal God, who exists as a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perichoresis&quot;&gt;mutual indwelling&lt;/a&gt; of three persons: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Father#Christianity&quot;&gt;God the Father&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Son&quot;&gt;God the Son&lt;/a&gt;; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Spirit&quot;&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;/a&gt;, which make up the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity&quot;&gt;Trinity&lt;/a&gt;. Catholic belief holds that the Church &quot;... is the continuing presence of Jesus on earth.&quot;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck131-185&quot;&gt;[183]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; To Catholics, the term &quot;Church&quot; refers to the people of God, who abide in Christ and who, &quot;... nourished with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_Christ&quot;&gt;Body of Christ&lt;/a&gt;, become the Body of Christ.&quot;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-186&quot;&gt;[184]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Catholics profess that this Church is the Catholic Church, which is described in the Creed as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One,_Holy,_Catholic,_and_Apostolic_Church&quot;&gt;One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_true_faith&quot;&gt;true Church&lt;/a&gt;of Christ. In the papal encyclical &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi&quot;&gt;Mystici Corporis Christi&lt;/a&gt;, the Catholic Church is further described as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystical_Body_of_Christ&quot;&gt;Mystical Body of Christ&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BentoXVI-51-11052007_(frag).jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/BentoXVI-51-11052007_%28frag%29.jpg/220px-BentoXVI-51-11052007_%28frag%29.jpg&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; height=&quot;291&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BentoXVI-51-11052007_(frag).jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI&quot;&gt;Pope Benedict XVI&lt;/a&gt; celebrates Holy Mass at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonization&quot;&gt;canonization&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frei_Galv%C3%A3o&quot;&gt;Frei Galvão&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo&quot;&gt;São Paulo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil&quot;&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt; on 11 May 2007 &lt;p&gt;The Church teaches that the fullness of the &quot;means of salvation&quot; exists only in the Catholic Church but acknowledges that the Holy Spirit can make use of Christian communities separated from itself to bring people to salvation. It teaches that anyone who is saved is saved indirectly through the Church if the person has invincible ignorance of the Catholic Church and its teachings (as a result of parentage or culture, for example), yet follows the morals God has dictated in his heart and would, therefore, join the Church if he understood its necessity.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-LumenG3-187&quot;&gt;[185]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; It teaches that Catholics are called by the Holy Spirit to work for unity among all Christians.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-LumenG3-187&quot;&gt;[185]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;According to its doctrine, the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft98-10&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament&quot;&gt;New Testament&lt;/a&gt; records the activities and teaching of Christ&#39;s appointment of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Apostles&quot;&gt;twelve Apostles&lt;/a&gt; and giving them authority to continue his work.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft98-10&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Church teaches that Jesus designated Simon Peter as the leader of the apostles by proclaiming &quot;upon this rock I will build my church ...I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven ...&quot;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-LumenG3-187&quot;&gt;[185]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Church teaches that the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, in an event known as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecost&quot;&gt;Pentecost&lt;/a&gt;, signaled the beginning of the public ministry of the Church. All duly consecrated bishops since then are considered the successors to the apostles,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-OneFaith46-12&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and they hand on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Tradition&quot;&gt;Sacred Tradition&lt;/a&gt; received from the apostles.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-188&quot;&gt;[186]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent&quot;&gt;Council of Trent&lt;/a&gt;, Christ instituted &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;seven sacraments&lt;/a&gt; and entrusted them to the Church.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-189&quot;&gt;[187]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; These are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism&quot;&gt;Baptism&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation&quot;&gt;Confirmation&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist&quot;&gt;Eucharist&lt;/a&gt;, Reconciliation (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penance&quot;&gt;Penance&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick&quot;&gt;Anointing of the Sick&lt;/a&gt; (formerly Extreme Unction or the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Rites&quot;&gt;Last Rites&lt;/a&gt;&quot;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Orders&quot;&gt;Holy Orders&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_marriage&quot;&gt;Holy Matrimony&lt;/a&gt;. Sacraments are important visible rituals that Catholics see as signs of God&#39;s presence and effective channels of God&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_grace&quot;&gt;grace&lt;/a&gt; to all those who receive them with the proper disposition (&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_opere_operato&quot;&gt;ex opere operato&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-190&quot;&gt;[188]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Catholics believe that Christ is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah&quot;&gt;Messiah&lt;/a&gt; of the Old Testament&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_and_Messianic_prophecy&quot;&gt;Messianic prophecies&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft71-191&quot;&gt;[189]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In an event known as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)&quot;&gt;Incarnation&lt;/a&gt;, the Church teaches that, through the power of the Holy Spirit, God became united with human nature when Christ was conceived in the womb of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary&quot;&gt;Blessed Virgin Mary&lt;/a&gt;. Christ is believed, therefore, to be both fully divine and fully human. It is taught that Christ&#39;s mission on earth included giving people his teachings and providing his example for them to follow as recorded in the four Gospels.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-McGrath-192&quot;&gt;[190]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prayers and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_devotions&quot;&gt;devotions&lt;/a&gt; to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary_(Roman_Catholic)&quot;&gt;Blessed Virgin Mary&lt;/a&gt; are part of Catholic piety but are distinct from the worship of God.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-193&quot;&gt;[191]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Church holds Mary, as&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_virginity&quot;&gt;Perpetual Virgin&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theotokos&quot;&gt;Mother of God&lt;/a&gt;, in special regard. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_doctrines_of_the_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;Catholic beliefs concerning Mary&lt;/a&gt; include her &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Conception&quot;&gt;Immaculate Conception&lt;/a&gt; without the stain of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin&quot;&gt;original sin&lt;/a&gt; and bodily &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary&quot;&gt;Assumption&lt;/a&gt; into heaven at the end of her life, both of which have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_infallibility&quot;&gt;infallibly&lt;/a&gt; defined as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma&quot;&gt;dogma&lt;/a&gt;, by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX&quot;&gt;Pope Pius IX&lt;/a&gt; in 1854 and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII&quot;&gt;Pope Pius XII&lt;/a&gt; in 1950 respectively.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Barry.2C_p._106-194&quot;&gt;[192]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Mariology&quot;&gt;Mariology&lt;/a&gt; deals not only with her life but also her veneration in daily life, prayer and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Marian_art&quot;&gt;Marian art&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Marian_music&quot;&gt;music&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Marian_architecture&quot;&gt;architecture&lt;/a&gt;. Several liturgical Marian feasts are celebrated throughout the Church Year and she is honored with many titles such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven&quot;&gt;Queen of Heaven&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI&quot;&gt;Pope Paul VI&lt;/a&gt; called her &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_of_the_Church&quot;&gt;Mother of the Church&lt;/a&gt;, because by giving birth to Christ, she is considered to be the spiritual mother to each member of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_Christ&quot;&gt;Body of Christ&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Barry.2C_p._106-194&quot;&gt;[192]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Because of her influential role in the life of Jesus, prayers and devotions, such as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosary&quot;&gt;Rosary&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail_Mary&quot;&gt;Hail Mary&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salve_Regina&quot;&gt;Salve Regina&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorare&quot;&gt;Memorare&lt;/a&gt; are common Catholic practices.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-195&quot;&gt;[193]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Church has affirmed the credibility of certain &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_apparitions&quot;&gt;Marian apparitions&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes&quot;&gt;Our Lady of Lourdes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima&quot;&gt;Fátima&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe&quot;&gt;Guadalupe&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-196&quot;&gt;[194]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Pilgrimages to these sites are popular Catholic devotions.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-197&quot;&gt;[195]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Falling into sin is considered the opposite to following Christ, weakening a person&#39;s resemblance to God and turning their soul away from his love. Sins range from the less serious &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venial_sin&quot;&gt;venial sins&lt;/a&gt; to more serious &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortal_sin&quot;&gt;mortal sins&lt;/a&gt; that end a person&#39;s relationship with God.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-198&quot;&gt;[196]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Church teaches that through the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)&quot;&gt;passion&lt;/a&gt; (suffering) of Christ and his &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus&quot;&gt;crucifixion&lt;/a&gt;, all people have an opportunity for forgiveness and freedom from sin, and so can be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity&quot;&gt;reconciled to God&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-199&quot;&gt;[197]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus&quot;&gt;Resurrection of Jesus&lt;/a&gt;, according to Catholic belief, gained for humans a possible spiritual immortality previously denied to them because of original sin.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck113-200&quot;&gt;[198]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; By reconciling with God and following Christ&#39;s words and deeds, the Church believes one can enter the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_God&quot;&gt;Kingdom of God&lt;/a&gt;, which is the &quot;... reign of God over people&#39;s hearts and lives&quot;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-OneFaith26-201&quot;&gt;[199]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Catholics believe that they receive the Holy Spirit through the sacrament of Confirmation and that the grace received at baptism is strengthened,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck230-202&quot;&gt;[200]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; To be properly confirmed, Catholics must be in a state of grace, which means they cannot be conscious of having committed an unconfessed mortal sin.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; They must also have prepared spiritually for the sacrament, chosen a sponsor for spiritual support, and selected a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint&quot;&gt;saint&lt;/a&gt; to be their special patron and intercessor.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck230-202&quot;&gt;[200]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In the Eastern Catholic Churches, baptism, including infant baptism, is immediately followed by Confirmation—referred to as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrismation&quot;&gt;Chrismation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-204&quot;&gt;[202]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;—and the reception of the Eucharist.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;After baptism, Catholics may obtain forgiveness for subsequent sins through the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church)&quot;&gt;sacrament of penance&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck242-205&quot;&gt;[203]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In this sacrament, an individual confesses his sins to a priest, who then offers advice and imposes a particular penance to be performed. The priest administers &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolution&quot;&gt;absolution&lt;/a&gt;, formally forgiving the person of his sins.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft344-206&quot;&gt;[204]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The priest is forbidden—under penalty of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication&quot;&gt;excommunication&lt;/a&gt;—to reveal any sin or disclosure heard under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_of_confession&quot;&gt;seal of confession&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-207&quot;&gt;[205]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; An &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulgence&quot;&gt;indulgence&lt;/a&gt; may be granted by the church after the sinner has confessed and received absolution for their sins. An indugence is believed to effect a partial or full remission (known as a plenary indulgence) of the temporal punishment still due for them in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory&quot;&gt;Purgatory&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-208&quot;&gt;[206]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Church teaches that, immediately after death, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul&quot;&gt;soul&lt;/a&gt; of each person will receive a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particular_judgment&quot;&gt;particular judgment&lt;/a&gt; from God, based on the deeds of that individual&#39;s earthly life.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; This teaching also attests to another day when Christ will sit in a universal judgment of all mankind. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Judgment&quot;&gt;final judgment&lt;/a&gt;, according to Church teaching, will bring an end to human history and mark the beginning of a new and better heaven and earth ruled by God in righteousness.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The basis on which each person&#39;s soul is judged is detailed in the Gospel of Matthew, which lists &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_of_Mercy&quot;&gt;works of mercy&lt;/a&gt; to be performed even to people considered &quot;the least&quot;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Matthew25-209&quot;&gt;[207]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Emphasis is upon Christ&#39;s words that &quot;Not everyone who says to me, &#39;Lord, Lord,&#39; shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven&quot;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck397-210&quot;&gt;[208]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;According to the Catechism, &quot;The Last Judgement will reveal even to its furthest consequences the good each person has done or failed to do during his earthly life.&quot;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck397-210&quot;&gt;[208]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Depending on the judgement rendered, a soul may enter one of three states of afterlife. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven#In_Roman_Catholicism&quot;&gt;Heaven&lt;/a&gt; is a time of glorious union with God and a life of unspeakable joy that lasts forever.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory&quot;&gt;Purgatory&lt;/a&gt; is a temporary condition for the purification of souls who, although saved, are not free enough from sin to enter directly into heaven.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Souls in purgatory may be aided in reaching heaven by the prayers of the faithful on earth and by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercession_of_saints&quot;&gt;intercession of saints&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-211&quot;&gt;[209]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Finally, those who chose to live a sinful and selfish life, did not repent, and fully intended to persist in their ways are sent to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_in_Christian_beliefs#Roman_Catholicism&quot;&gt;hell&lt;/a&gt;, an everlasting separation from God.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Church teaches that no one is condemned to hell without having freely decided to reject God.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; No one is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination&quot;&gt;predestined&lt;/a&gt; to hell and no one can determine whether anyone else has been condemned.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-203&quot;&gt;[201]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Catholicism teaches that through God&#39;s mercy a person can repent at any point before death and be saved.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Luke23-212&quot;&gt;[210]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Some Catholic theologians have speculated that the souls of unbaptised infants who die in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin&quot;&gt;original sin&lt;/a&gt; are assigned to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo&quot;&gt;limbo&lt;/a&gt; although this is not an official doctrine of the Church.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-213&quot;&gt;[211]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Catholic beliefs are summarized in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed&quot;&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;/a&gt; and detailed in the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;Catechism of the Catholic Church&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-cat-214&quot;&gt;[212]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-215&quot;&gt;[213]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Based on the promises of Christ in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel&quot;&gt;Gospels&lt;/a&gt;, the Church believes that it is continually guided by the Holy Spirit and so protected &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church&quot;&gt;infallibly&lt;/a&gt; from falling into doctrinal error.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-LumenG3-187&quot;&gt;[185]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Catholic Church teaches that the Holy Spirit reveals God&#39;s truth through &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible&quot;&gt;Sacred Scripture&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Tradition&quot;&gt;Sacred Tradition&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magisterium&quot;&gt;Magisterium&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Sacred Scripture consists of the 73 book &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible#Christian_canons&quot;&gt;Catholic Bible&lt;/a&gt;. This is made up of the 46 books found in the ancient Greek version of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testament&quot;&gt;Old Testament&lt;/a&gt;—known as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint&quot;&gt;Septuagint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck21-216&quot;&gt;[214]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;—and the 27 &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament&quot;&gt;New Testament&lt;/a&gt; writings first found in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus&quot;&gt;Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209&lt;/a&gt; and listed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria&quot;&gt;Athanasius&lt;/a&gt;&#39; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_letter&quot;&gt;Thirty-Ninth Festal Letter&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck23-217&quot;&gt;[215]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-218&quot;&gt;[note 4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sacred Tradition consists of those teachings believed by the Church to have been handed down since the time of the Apostles.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck16-219&quot;&gt;[216]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition are collectively known as the &quot;deposit of faith&quot; (&lt;i&gt;depositum fidei&lt;/i&gt;). These are in turn interpreted by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magisterium&quot;&gt;Magisterium&lt;/a&gt; (from &lt;i&gt;magister&lt;/i&gt;, Latin for &quot;teacher&quot;), the Church&#39;s teaching authority, which is exercised by the pope and the College of Bishops in union with the pope.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Schreck30-220&quot;&gt;[217]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Traditions of worship&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Differing liturgical traditions, or rites, exist throughout the Catholic Church, reflecting historical and cultural diversity rather than differences in beliefs.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-221&quot;&gt;[218]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The most commonly used liturgy is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Rite&quot;&gt;Roman Rite&lt;/a&gt;, but even in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Rite&quot;&gt;Latin Catholic Church&lt;/a&gt; a few other &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites&quot;&gt;rites&lt;/a&gt; are in use, and the Eastern Catholic Churches have distinct rites. Two forms of the Roman Rite are authorized at present: that of the post-1969 editions of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Missal&quot;&gt;Roman Missal&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI&quot;&gt;Mass of Paul VI&lt;/a&gt;), which is now the ordinary form of the rite and is celebrated mostly in the vernacular, i.e., the language of the people; and that of the 1962 edition (the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentine_Mass&quot;&gt;Tridentine Mass&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;), now an&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_form_of_the_Roman_Rite&quot;&gt;extraordinary form&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft326-222&quot;&gt;[219]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-223&quot;&gt;[note 5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;In the United States, certain &quot;Anglican Use&quot; parishes use a variation of the Roman rite that retains many aspects of the Anglican liturgical rites.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-224&quot;&gt;[note 6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Implementation is still awaited of the authorization granted in 2009 for the creation wherever appropriate of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanorum_Coetibus&quot;&gt;ordinariates&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism&quot;&gt;Anglicans&lt;/a&gt; who enter into communion with the Church and who may then use a rite that incorporates elements of Anglican tradition.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-225&quot;&gt;[220]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Other Western rites (non-Roman) include the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite&quot;&gt;Ambrosian Rite&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite&quot;&gt;Mozarabic Rite&lt;/a&gt;. The rites used by the Eastern Catholic Churches include the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_rite&quot;&gt;Byzantine rite&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite&quot;&gt;Alexandrian&lt;/a&gt; or Coptic rite, the&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Syrian_Rite&quot;&gt;Syriac rite&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_rite&quot;&gt;Armenian rite&lt;/a&gt;, the Maronite rite, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldean_rite&quot;&gt;Chaldean rite&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;The Eucharist, or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)&quot;&gt;Mass&lt;/a&gt;, is the center of Catholic worship.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-226&quot;&gt;[221]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_of_Institution&quot;&gt;Words of Institution&lt;/a&gt; for this sacrament are drawn from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels&quot;&gt;Gospels&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians&quot;&gt;Pauline letter&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-wordsinstit-227&quot;&gt;[222]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Catholics believe that at each Mass, the bread and wine are supernaturally &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transubstantiation&quot;&gt;transubstantiated&lt;/a&gt; into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Presence&quot;&gt;body and blood of Christ&lt;/a&gt;. The Church teaches that Christ established a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenant&quot;&gt;New Covenant&lt;/a&gt; with humanity through the institution of the Eucharist at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Supper&quot;&gt;Last Supper&lt;/a&gt;. Because the Church teaches that Christ is present in the Eucharist,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft326-222&quot;&gt;[219]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; there are strict rules about its celebration and reception. Catholics must abstain from eating for at least an hour before receiving Communion.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft331-228&quot;&gt;[223]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Those who are conscious of being in a state of mortal sin are forbidden from this sacrament unless they have received absolution through the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament_of_Reconciliation&quot;&gt;sacrament of Reconciliation&lt;/a&gt; (Penance).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Kreeft331-228&quot;&gt;[223]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Catholics are not permitted to receive communion in Protestant churches because of their different beliefs and practices regarding Holy Orders and the Eucharist.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-229&quot;&gt;[224]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Likewise, Protestants are not permitted to receive Communion in the Catholic Churc&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/3770648023274184653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/i-am-catholic.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3770648023274184653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3770648023274184653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/i-am-catholic.html' title='I am a Catholic'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-4016756754491189942</id><published>2010-11-19T20:00:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-19T20:00:20.671+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="race"/><title type='text'>I am a Eurasian</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;I a a Eurasian which means I am multi racial. I dun know from what origin&amp;nbsp; they is so many mixed blood in my family. I remember my dad told us that we are descendants of Scottish, Indonesian and burmese blood. On my mother’s side, it is Portuguese and Chinese.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;History of Eurasians in Malaysia&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Eurasians of British Malaya and North Borneo (corresponding to modern day Malaysia) were classified as &#39;Eurasians&#39; by the British colonial administration in the 1920s. Prior to this the Eurasians were referred to either as Anglo-Indians (for those with British or Irish surnames), Dutch Burghers (for those with Dutch or German surnames) or Portuguese Descendants or Mestizos (for those with Portuguese and French surnames). The Malays just labelled all Eurasians as &quot;Serani&quot; which originally meant Christians. The fact that the Portuguese Mestizos of Malacca refer to their patois as &quot;Kristang&quot; (Christian tongue) is an affirmation of what the Malays were calling them by the 18th century. Originally, in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Malays called the Portuguese &quot;Feringgi&quot; which has a common origin with the Thai word, &quot;Farang&quot; which today refers to European foreigners. In the British colonial era (lasting from 1786 to 1957), the English-speaking Anglo-Indians were at the top of the Eurasian hierarchy, followed by the Dutch Burghers and then only by the Portuguese Descendants. The Anglo-Indians came over with the British East India Company and later with the British colonial administration as soldiers and low level civil servants. The Dutch Burghers were the descendants of European employees of the Dutch East India Company married to Portuguese Mestizos or Asians. The Portuguese Descendants were the result of marriages of Portuguese adventurers/colonists and Asians.&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/4016756754491189942/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/i-am-eurasian.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/4016756754491189942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/4016756754491189942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/i-am-eurasian.html' title='I am a Eurasian'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-5398265640006475266</id><published>2010-11-19T02:44:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-19T02:44:44.361+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="blogs"/><title type='text'>Wisdom of Mother Theresa</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;“Don’t search for Jesus in far lands–he is not there. He is close to you; he is with you. Just keep the lam&lt;img alt=&quot;imagesCAQ477T0&quot; class=&quot;alignright size-full wp-image-825&quot; height=&quot;203&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.catholicscomehome.org/wp-content/videos/imagesCAQ477T0.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-width: initial; float: right; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;imagesCAQ477T0&quot; width=&quot;177&quot; /&gt;p burning and you will always see him. Keep on filling the lamp with all these little drops of love, and you will see how sweet is the Lord you love.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;“Breathe in me, O Holy Spirit, that my thoughts may all be holy. Act in me, O Holy Spirit, that my work, too, may be holy. Draw my heart, O Holy Spirit, that I love but what is holy. Strengthen me, O Holy Spirit, to defend all that is holy. Guard me then, O Holy Spirit, that I always may be holy. Amen.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;Blessed Mother Teresa, pray for us.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/5398265640006475266/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/wisdom-of-mother-theresa.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/5398265640006475266'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/5398265640006475266'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/wisdom-of-mother-theresa.html' title='Wisdom of Mother Theresa'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-1317085490137703018</id><published>2010-11-18T22:44:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T22:44:09.016+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="malaysia"/><title type='text'>overview of malaysia</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Malaysia &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; height=&quot;63&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.png/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.png&quot; width=&quot;85&quot; height=&quot;67&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Flag&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motto&quot;&gt;Motto&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&quot;Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Unity Is Strength&quot; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem&quot;&gt;Anthem&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negaraku&quot;&gt;Negaraku&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (My Country) &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Malaysia in &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ASEAN&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg/250px-Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg.png&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;205&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;b&gt;Malaysia&lt;/b&gt; in &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN&quot;&gt;ASEAN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/small&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(political)&quot;&gt;Capital&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#endnote_capital&quot;&gt;[a]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya&quot;&gt;Putrajaya&lt;/a&gt; (administrative centre)&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;img title=&quot;show location on an interactive map&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Erioll_world.svg/18px-Erioll_world.svg.png&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Malaysia&amp;amp;params=3_08_N_101_42_E_type:country&quot;&gt;3°08′N 101°42′E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt; &lt;p&gt;Largest city&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_language&quot;&gt;Official language(s)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_language&quot;&gt;Bahasa Malaysia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#endnote_language&quot;&gt;[b]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular&quot;&gt;Vernacular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language&quot;&gt;Malay&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language&quot;&gt;English&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin&quot;&gt;Mandarin&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese&quot;&gt;Cantonese&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language&quot;&gt;Tamil&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group&quot;&gt;Ethnic groups&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;50.4% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Malay&quot;&gt;Malay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;23.7% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese&quot;&gt;Chinese&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; 7.1% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Indian&quot;&gt;Indian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;11.0% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples&quot;&gt;Indigenous&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; 7.8% Other &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonym&quot;&gt;Demonym&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Malaysian&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government&quot;&gt;Government&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_monarchy&quot;&gt;Federal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy&quot;&gt;constitutional&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_monarchy&quot;&gt;elective monarchy&lt;/a&gt; and&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy&quot;&gt;parliamentary democracy&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong&quot;&gt;Yang di-Pertuan Agong&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizan_Zainal_Abidin_of_Terengganu&quot;&gt;Mizan Zainal Abidin&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Prime Minister&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Tun_Razak&quot;&gt;Najib Tun Razak&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Deputy Prime Minister&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin&quot;&gt;Muhyiddin Yassin&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence&quot;&gt;Independence&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;From the United Kingdom (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya&quot;&gt;Malaya&lt;/a&gt;only)&lt;br&gt;31 August 1957&amp;nbsp; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;Federation (with&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak&quot;&gt;Sarawak&lt;/a&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore&quot;&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#endnote_Singapore&quot;&gt;[c]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;16 September 1963&amp;nbsp; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area&quot;&gt;Area&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;Total&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B11_m%C2%B2&quot;&gt;329,847 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area&quot;&gt;66th&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;127,354 &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_mile&quot;&gt;sq mi&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_water_area&quot;&gt;Water (%)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;0.3 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population&quot;&gt;Population&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;2010 estimate&lt;br&gt;28,250,000&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-statistics-3&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population&quot;&gt;43rd&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;2000 census&lt;br&gt;24,821,286&amp;nbsp; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density&quot;&gt;Density&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;85.8/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density&quot;&gt;114th&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;222.3/sq mi &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product&quot;&gt;GDP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity&quot;&gt;PPP&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;2010 estimate &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;Total&lt;br&gt;$403.042 billion&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-imf2-4&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita&quot;&gt;Per capita&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;$14,275.371&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-imf2-4&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product&quot;&gt;GDP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (nominal)&lt;br&gt;2010 estimate &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;Total&lt;br&gt;$213.065 billion&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-imf2-4&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita&quot;&gt;Per capita&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;$7,546.559&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-imf2-4&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient&quot;&gt;Gini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2002&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;46.1 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality&quot;&gt;36&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index&quot;&gt;HDI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2010)&lt;br&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;increase&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png&quot; width=&quot;11&quot; height=&quot;11&quot;&gt; 0.744&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-HDI-5&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (high) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index&quot;&gt;57th&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency&quot;&gt;Currency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit&quot;&gt;Ringgit&lt;/a&gt; (RM) (&lt;code&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217&quot;&gt;MYR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone&quot;&gt;Time zone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Standard_Time&quot;&gt;MST&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time&quot;&gt;UTC&lt;/a&gt;+8) &lt;p&gt; - &lt;br&gt;Summer (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time&quot;&gt;DST&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;Not observed (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time&quot;&gt;UTC&lt;/a&gt;+8) &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_date&quot;&gt;Date formats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;dd-mm-yyyy &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic&quot;&gt;Drives on the&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Left &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain&quot;&gt;Internet TLD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.my&quot;&gt;.my&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes&quot;&gt;Calling code&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2B60&quot;&gt;+60&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#ref_capital&quot;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; a. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt; is the capital city and is home to the legislative branch of the Federal government. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya&quot;&gt;Putrajaya&lt;/a&gt;is the primary seat of the federal government where the executive and judicial branches are located.&lt;/small&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#ref_language&quot;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; b. The current terminology as per government policy is&lt;i&gt;Bahasa Malaysia&lt;/i&gt; (literally Malaysian language)&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-6&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; but legislation continues to refer to the official language as &lt;i&gt;Bahasa Melayu&lt;/i&gt; (literally Malay language). English may continue to be used for some official purposes under the National Language Act 1967.&lt;/small&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#ref_Singapore&quot;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; c. Singapore became an independent country on 9 August 1965&lt;/small&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/1317085490137703018/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/overview-of-malaysia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/1317085490137703018'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/1317085490137703018'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/overview-of-malaysia.html' title='overview of malaysia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-7100764372020320408</id><published>2010-11-18T22:41:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T22:41:09.564+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="malaysia"/><title type='text'>religion and language of malaysia</title><content type='html'>&lt;h5&gt;Religion&lt;/h5&gt; &lt;p&gt;Main article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Religion in Malaysia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Around-Kota-Bharu-(19).jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;The wooden Kampung Laut mosque with its minaret and an onion-shaped dome on its tiled roof.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Around-Kota-Bharu-%2819%29.jpg/220px-Around-Kota-Bharu-%2819%29.jpg&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; height=&quot;146&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Around-Kota-Bharu-(19).jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung_Laut_Mosque&quot;&gt;Kampung Laut Mosque&lt;/a&gt; in Tumpat is one of the oldest mosques in Malaysia, dating to early 18th century &lt;p&gt;The Malaysian constitution guarantees &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_religion&quot;&gt;freedom of religion&lt;/a&gt;, although &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam&quot;&gt;Islam&lt;/a&gt; is the largest and official religion of Malaysia. According to the Population and Housing Census 2000 figures, approximately 60.4% of the population practiced &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam&quot;&gt;Islam&lt;/a&gt;; 19.2% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism&quot;&gt;Buddhism&lt;/a&gt;; 9.1% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&quot;&gt;Christianity&lt;/a&gt;; 6.3% &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism&quot;&gt;Hinduism&lt;/a&gt;; and 2.6% practice &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism&quot;&gt;Confucianism&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism&quot;&gt;Taoism&lt;/a&gt; and other traditional &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion&quot;&gt;Chinese religions&lt;/a&gt;. The remainder was accounted for by other faiths, including &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism&quot;&gt;animism&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_religion&quot;&gt;folk religion&lt;/a&gt;, and&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism&quot;&gt;Sikhism&lt;/a&gt; while 0.9% either reported having no religion or did not provide any information.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-138&quot;&gt;[139]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Census_2000-139&quot;&gt;[140]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;All &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_(ethnic_group)&quot;&gt;ethnic Malays&lt;/a&gt; are considered Muslim by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_160_of_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Article 160&lt;/a&gt; of the Constitution.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-140&quot;&gt;[141]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Statistics from the 2000 Census indicate that 75.9% of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese&quot;&gt;Malaysian Chinese&lt;/a&gt;identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Taoism (10.6%) and Christianity (9.6%), along with small &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people&quot;&gt;Hui-Muslim&lt;/a&gt; populations in areas like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang&quot;&gt;Penang&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Census_2000-139&quot;&gt;[140]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The majority of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Indians&quot;&gt;Malaysian Indians&lt;/a&gt; follow Hinduism (84.5%), with a significant minority identifying as Christians (7.7%), Muslims (3.8%), over 150,000 &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh&quot;&gt;Sikhs&lt;/a&gt;, and 1,000 &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain&quot;&gt;Jains&lt;/a&gt;. Christianity is the predominant religion of the non-Malay &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputra&quot;&gt;Bumiputra&lt;/a&gt; community (50.1%) with an additional 36.3% identifying as Muslims and 7.3% follow &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_religion&quot;&gt;folk religion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Census_2000-139&quot;&gt;[140]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims&quot;&gt;Muslims&lt;/a&gt; are obliged to follow the decisions of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syariah_Court&quot;&gt;Syariah&lt;/a&gt; courts in matters concerning their religion. The Islamic judges are expected to follow the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi%60i&quot;&gt;Shafi`i&lt;/a&gt; legal school of Islam, which is the main &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madh%27hab&quot;&gt;madh&#39;hab&lt;/a&gt; of Malaysia.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-141&quot;&gt;[142]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The jurisdiction of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia&quot;&gt;Shariah&lt;/a&gt; courts is limited only to Muslims in matters such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage&quot;&gt;marriage&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance&quot;&gt;inheritance&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce&quot;&gt;divorce&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy&quot;&gt;apostasy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_conversion&quot;&gt;religious conversion&lt;/a&gt;, and custody among others. No other criminal or civil offences are under the jurisdiction of the Shariah courts, which have a similar hierarchy to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Civil Courts&lt;/a&gt;. Despite being the supreme courts of the land, the Civil Courts (including the Federal Court) do not hear matters related to Islamic practices.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-142&quot;&gt;[143]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;h5&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]Language&lt;/h5&gt; &lt;p&gt;Main article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Languages of Malaysia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;The official language of Malaysia is known as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_language&quot;&gt;Bahasa Malaysia&lt;/a&gt;, a standardised form of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language&quot;&gt;Malay language&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CONSTITUTION_152-143&quot;&gt;[144]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; English was, for a protracted period, the de facto, administrative language of Malaysia, though its status was later rescinded. English remains an active &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language&quot;&gt;second language&lt;/a&gt; in many areas of Malaysian society and is compulsory, serving as the medium of instruction for Maths and Sciences in all public schools.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-144&quot;&gt;[145]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-145&quot;&gt;[146]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_English&quot;&gt;Malaysian English&lt;/a&gt;, also known as Malaysian Standard English (MySE), is a form of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language&quot;&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; derived from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English&quot;&gt;British English&lt;/a&gt;, although there is little official use of the term, except with relation to education. Malaysian English also sees wide use in business, along with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manglish&quot;&gt;Manglish&lt;/a&gt;, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language&quot;&gt;Malay&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language&quot;&gt;Chinese&lt;/a&gt; dialect and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language&quot;&gt;Tamil&lt;/a&gt; influences. Most Malaysians are conversant in English, although some are only fluent in the Manglish form. The Malaysian government officially discourages the use of Manglish.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-146&quot;&gt;[147]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Citizens of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau&quot;&gt;Minangkabau&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugis&quot;&gt;Bugis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_people&quot;&gt;Javanese&lt;/a&gt; origins, who can be classified &quot;Malay&quot; under constitutional definitions may also speak their respective ancestral tongues. &lt;p&gt;Many other languages exist in Malaysia, which contains speakers of 137 living languages.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-147&quot;&gt;[148]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Peninsular Malaysia contains speakers of 41 of these languages.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-148&quot;&gt;[149]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The native tribes of East Malaysia have their own languages which are related to, but easily distinguishable from, Malay. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iban_language&quot;&gt;Iban&lt;/a&gt; is the main tribal language in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak&quot;&gt;Sarawak&lt;/a&gt; while &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusunic_languages&quot;&gt;Dusunic languages&lt;/a&gt; are spoken by the natives in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-149&quot;&gt;[150]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Chinese Malaysians mostly speak Chinese dialects from the southern provinces of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China&quot;&gt;China&lt;/a&gt;. The more common dialects in Peninsular Malaysia are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese&quot;&gt;Cantonese&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_language&quot;&gt;Mandarin&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien&quot;&gt;Hokkien&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese&quot;&gt;Hakka&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainanese&quot;&gt;Hainanese&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuzchou_dialect&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;Fuzhou&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language&quot;&gt;Tamil&lt;/a&gt; is used predominantly by Malaysian Tamils who form a majority of Malaysian Indians. Malaysian Tamil is significant dialect which is different from Tamil spoken in India with many loan words from Malay has entered into the vocabulary of Malaysian Tamil.Other south Asian languages are also widely spoken in Malaysia.Thai is spoken by Malaysian which are of Thai descent and by others who live near the Malaysia-Thai border.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; A small number of Malaysians have &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_race&quot;&gt;caucasian&lt;/a&gt; ancestry and speak &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language&quot;&gt;creole languages&lt;/a&gt;, such as the Portugese based &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages#Southeast_Asia&quot;&gt;Malaccan Creoles&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-150&quot;&gt;[151]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and the Spanish based &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavacano_language&quot;&gt;Chavacano language&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-151&quot;&gt;[152]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;h5&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]Education&lt;/h5&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/7100764372020320408/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/religion-and-language-of-malaysia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/7100764372020320408'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/7100764372020320408'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/religion-and-language-of-malaysia.html' title='religion and language of malaysia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-4067699776990751508</id><published>2010-11-18T22:39:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T22:39:52.159+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="malaysia"/><title type='text'>Demographics malaysia</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Malaysia&#39;s population comprises many ethnic groups. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)&quot;&gt;Malays&lt;/a&gt; make up the majority of the population at 50.4%; and other &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputra&quot;&gt;bumiputra&lt;/a&gt;11%&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; of the population. According to constitutional definition, Malays are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim&quot;&gt;Muslims&lt;/a&gt; who practice Malay customs (&lt;i&gt;adat&lt;/i&gt;) and culture. Malays play a dominant role politically. Bumiputra status is also accorded to certain non-Malay &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples&quot;&gt;indigenous peoples&lt;/a&gt;, including ethnic&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_people&quot;&gt;Thais&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people&quot;&gt;Khmers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_people&quot;&gt;Chams&lt;/a&gt; and the natives of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak&quot;&gt;Sarawak&lt;/a&gt;. Non-Malay bumiputra make up more than half of Sarawak&#39;s population (of which 30% are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iban_people&quot;&gt;Ibans&lt;/a&gt;), and close to 60% of Sabah&#39;s population (of which 18% are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadazan-Dusun&quot;&gt;Kadazan-Dusuns&lt;/a&gt;, and 17% are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajau&quot;&gt;Bajaus&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; There also exist &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples&quot;&gt;aboriginal&lt;/a&gt; groups in much smaller numbers on the peninsula, where they are collectively known as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Asli&quot;&gt;Orang Asli&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-126&quot;&gt;[127]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Many tribes, both on the peninsula and in Borneo, were traditionally nomadic or semi-nomadic hunter—gatherers. Laws over who gets Bumiputra status vary between states.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-127&quot;&gt;[128]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Various other minorities who lack Bumiputra status have established themselves in Malaysia, for a variety of reasons. 23.7% of the population are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese&quot;&gt;Malaysians of Chinese descent&lt;/a&gt;, while &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Indian&quot;&gt;Malaysians of Indian descent&lt;/a&gt; comprise 7.1% of the population.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese&quot;&gt;Malaysian Chinese&lt;/a&gt; have historically been dominant in the Malaysian business and commerce community, and form the majority of the population of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang&quot;&gt;Penang&lt;/a&gt;. Indians began migrating to Malaysia in the early 19th century.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-128&quot;&gt;[129]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The majority of the Indian community are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_people&quot;&gt;Tamils&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Barbara-129&quot;&gt;[130]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Many Europeans and Middle Easterners assimilated through inter-marriage into the Christian and Muslim communities respectively. Most &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_(mixed_ancestry)&quot;&gt;Eurasian&lt;/a&gt; Malaysians trace their ancestry to British, Dutch or Portuguese colonists. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_citizenship&quot;&gt;Malaysian citizenship&lt;/a&gt; is usually granted by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_soli&quot;&gt;lex soli&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-130&quot;&gt;[131]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Citizenship in the states of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak&quot;&gt;Sarawak&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Malaysian Borneo&lt;/a&gt; are distinct from citizenship in Peninsular Malaysia for immigration purposes. Every citizen is issued a biometric smart chip &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_document&quot;&gt;identity card&lt;/a&gt;, known as &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyKad&quot;&gt;MyKad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-131&quot;&gt;[132]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;The population distribution is highly uneven, due to the population concentrated in Peninsular Malaysia.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-132&quot;&gt;[133]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; About 20million residents of the approximately 28million live on the peninsula.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 70% of the population is urban.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Due to the rise in labour intensive industries,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-133&quot;&gt;[134]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Malaysia is estimated to have over 3 million migrant workers, which is about 10% of the Malaysian population.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-134&quot;&gt;[135]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Sabah based NGOs estimate that out of the 3 million population, 2 million are illegal immigrants.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-135&quot;&gt;[136]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additionally, according to the &lt;i&gt;World Refugee Survey 2008&lt;/i&gt;, published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Malaysia hosts a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 155,700. Of this population, approximately 70,500 refugees and asylum seekers are from the Philippines, 69,700 from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma&quot;&gt;Burma&lt;/a&gt;, and 21,800 from Indonesia.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-136&quot;&gt;[137]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants named Malaysia as one of the Ten Worst Places for Refugees on account of the country&#39;s discriminatory practices toward refugees. Malaysian officials are reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia employs &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELA_Corps&quot;&gt;RELA&lt;/a&gt;, a volunteer militia, to enforce its immigration law.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-136&quot;&gt;[137]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population&quot;&gt;Largest Cities of Malaysia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-137&quot;&gt;[138]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_largest_cities&quot;&gt;view&lt;/a&gt; • &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_largest_cities&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/a&gt; • &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_largest_cities&amp;amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;City&lt;br&gt;State/Territory&lt;br&gt;Population&lt;br&gt;City&lt;br&gt;State/Territory&lt;br&gt;Population &lt;p&gt;1&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subang_Jaya&quot;&gt;Subang Jaya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;1,553,589&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KL-Skyline_Night_HDR.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Kuala Lumpur&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/KL-Skyline_Night_HDR.JPG/100px-KL-Skyline_Night_HDR.JPG&quot; width=&quot;100&quot; height=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Subang-night-view.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Subang Jaya&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Subang-night-view.jpg/100px-Subang-night-view.jpg&quot; width=&quot;100&quot; height=&quot;75&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subang_Jaya&quot;&gt;Subang Jaya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;8&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuching&quot;&gt;Kuching&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak&quot;&gt;Sarawak&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;658,549 &lt;p&gt;2&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;1,475,337&lt;br&gt;9&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petaling_Jaya&quot;&gt;Petaling Jaya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;638,516 &lt;p&gt;3&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang&quot;&gt;Klang&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;1,113,851&lt;br&gt;10&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu&quot;&gt;Kota Kinabalu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;604,078 &lt;p&gt;4&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru&quot;&gt;Johor Bahru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor&quot;&gt;Johor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;916,409&lt;br&gt;11&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_Sembilan_Cheras&quot;&gt;Batu Sembilan Cheras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;601,534 &lt;p&gt;5&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampang_Jaya&quot;&gt;Ampang Jaya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;804,901&lt;br&gt;12&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandakan&quot;&gt;Sandakan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;501,195 &lt;p&gt;6&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh&quot;&gt;Ipoh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak&quot;&gt;Perak&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;704,572&lt;br&gt;13&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajang-Sungai_Chua&quot;&gt;Kajang-Sungai Chua&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;448,243 &lt;p&gt;7&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam&quot;&gt;Shah Alam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;671,282&lt;br&gt;14&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seremban&quot;&gt;Seremban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan&quot;&gt;Negeri Sembilan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;439,296    </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/4067699776990751508/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/demographics-malaysia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/4067699776990751508'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/4067699776990751508'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/demographics-malaysia.html' title='Demographics malaysia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-5619964322761665596</id><published>2010-11-18T22:37:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T22:37:45.083+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="malaysia"/><title type='text'>culture of malaysia</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Malaysia is a multi—ethnic, multicultural and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that lived there, along with the&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_people&quot;&gt;Malays&lt;/a&gt; who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_culture&quot;&gt;Chinese&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Culture&quot;&gt;Indian&lt;/a&gt; culture, dating back to when trade began in the area. Other cultures that heavily influenced the culture of Malaysia include &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_culture&quot;&gt;Persian&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_culture&quot;&gt;Arabic&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_culture&quot;&gt;British&lt;/a&gt; culture. Due to the political structure of the government coupled with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)&quot;&gt;social contract&lt;/a&gt; theory, there has been minimal &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilation&quot;&gt;cultural assimilation&lt;/a&gt; of ethnic minorities in Malaya and Malaysia.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-163&quot;&gt;[164]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;In 1971 the government created a &quot;National Cultural Policy&quot;. This policy defined Malaysian culture, stating that it must be based off the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in Malaysian culture.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Papers-164&quot;&gt;[165]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; It also promoted the Malay language above others.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Cinema-165&quot;&gt;[166]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Papers-164&quot;&gt;[165]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia. The two countries share a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items. However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia&#39;s national anthem. Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-AsiaTimes-166&quot;&gt;[167]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Malaysian government and the Indonesian government have met to diffuse some of the tensions resulting from the overlaps in culture.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-167&quot;&gt;[168]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Feelings are not as strong in Malaysia, where most recognise that many cultural values are shared.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-AsiaTimes-166&quot;&gt;[167]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/5619964322761665596/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/culture-of-malaysia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/5619964322761665596'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/5619964322761665596'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/culture-of-malaysia.html' title='culture of malaysia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-3829112448293776513</id><published>2010-11-18T22:36:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T22:36:27.810+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="malaysia"/><title type='text'>History of Malaysia and Politics</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Evidence of human habitation in Malaysia dates back 40,000 years.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-26&quot;&gt;[27]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The first inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula were most probably &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negritos&quot;&gt;Negritos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-27&quot;&gt;[28]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Malay Peninsula was known to ancient Indians as&lt;i&gt;Suvarnadvipa&lt;/i&gt; or the &quot;Golden Peninsula&quot;, and was shown on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy&quot;&gt;Ptolemy&lt;/a&gt;&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_world_map&quot;&gt;map&lt;/a&gt; as the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Chersonese&quot;&gt;Golden Khersonese&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. Traders and settlers from India and China arrived as early as the first century of the common era, establishing trading ports and towns in the area in the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. Both had a strong influence on the local culture. In the early centuries of the first millennium, the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the Indian religions of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism&quot;&gt;Hinduism&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism&quot;&gt;Buddhism&lt;/a&gt;. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit&quot;&gt;Sanskrit&lt;/a&gt; writing system was used as early as the 4th century.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-28&quot;&gt;[29]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Between the 7th and the 13th century, much of Peninsular Malaysia was under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivijaya&quot;&gt;Srivijaya&lt;/a&gt; empire, which was centered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang&quot;&gt;Palembang&lt;/a&gt; on the island of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra&quot;&gt;Sumatra&lt;/a&gt;. After the fall of Srivijaya, the Java-based &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit&quot;&gt;Majapahit&lt;/a&gt; empire had influence over most of Peninsular Malaysia and the Malay Archipelago.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-USA-29&quot;&gt;[30]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In the early 15th century, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara&quot;&gt;Parameswara&lt;/a&gt;, a prince of the former Srivijayan empire, established a dynasty and founded what would become the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate&quot;&gt;Malacca Sultanate&lt;/a&gt;, commonly considered the first independent state in the peninsula.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-BBCchinesediaspora-30&quot;&gt;[31]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Parameswara became a Muslim, and due to the fact that Malacca was under a Muslim Prince, the conversion of Malays to Islam accelerated in the 15th century.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Malacca was an important commercial centre during this time, attracting trade from around the region.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first colonial claim occurred in 1511, when Malacca was conquered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, who established a colony there.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; This colony was later captured by the Dutch, before being turned over to the British in 1795.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-USA-29&quot;&gt;[30]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire&quot;&gt;British Empire&lt;/a&gt; set foot on the Malay Peninsula in 1786, with the lease of the island of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang&quot;&gt;Penang&lt;/a&gt; to the British &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company&quot;&gt;East India Company&lt;/a&gt; by the sultan of Kedah,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-31&quot;&gt;[32]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; which was followed by the occupation of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore&quot;&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-32&quot;&gt;[33]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In 1824, the British took control of Malacca following the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824&quot;&gt;Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824&lt;/a&gt; which divided the Malay Archipelago between Britain and the Netherlands, with Malaya in the British zone. By 1826 the British controlled Penang, Malacca, Singapore and the island of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan&quot;&gt;Labuan&lt;/a&gt;, which they established as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories&quot;&gt;crown colony&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlements&quot;&gt;Straits Settlements&lt;/a&gt;. By the turn of the 20th century, the states of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang&quot;&gt;Pahang&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor&quot;&gt;Selangor&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak&quot;&gt;Perak&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan&quot;&gt;Negeri Sembilan&lt;/a&gt;, known together as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_States&quot;&gt;Federated Malay States&lt;/a&gt;, had British &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resident_(title)&quot;&gt;Residents&lt;/a&gt; appointed to advise the Malay rulers, whom the rulers were bound by treaty to defer to.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-33&quot;&gt;[34]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The remaining five states in the peninsula, known as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States&quot;&gt;Unfederated Malay States&lt;/a&gt;, while not directly under rule from London, also accepted British advisers around the turn of the 20th century. Development on the Peninsula and Borneo were generally separate until the 19th century.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-USA-29&quot;&gt;[30]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Sabah was governed as the crown colony of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo&quot;&gt;British North Borneo&lt;/a&gt;. In 1842, Sarawak was ceded by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Brunei&quot;&gt;Sultan of Brunei&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brooke&quot;&gt;James Brooke&lt;/a&gt;, whose successors ruled as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Rajahs&quot;&gt;White Rajahs&lt;/a&gt; over an independent &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sarawak&quot;&gt;kingdom&lt;/a&gt; until 1946, when it became a British colony. &lt;p&gt;During World War II, the Japanese army &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Invasion_of_Malaya&quot;&gt;invaded&lt;/a&gt; and subsequently occupied Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore for over three years. During this time, ethnic tensions were raised and nationalism grew.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-34&quot;&gt;[35]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; After Malaysia was reconquered by Allied Forces, popular support for independence grew.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-35&quot;&gt;[36]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Post-war British plans to unite the administration of Malaya under a single crown colony called the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Union&quot;&gt;Malayan Union&lt;/a&gt; met with strong opposition from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)&quot;&gt;Malays&lt;/a&gt;, who opposed the weakening of the Malay rulers and the granting of citizenship to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese&quot;&gt;ethnic Chinese&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-36&quot;&gt;[37]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Malayan Union, established in 1946 and consisting of all the British possessions in the Malay peninsula with the exception of Singapore, was dissolved in 1948 and replaced by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya&quot;&gt;Federation of Malaya&lt;/a&gt;, which restored the autonomy of the rulers of the Malay states under British protection. During this time, rebels under the leadership of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party&quot;&gt;Malayan Communist Party&lt;/a&gt; launched guerrilla operations designed to force the British out of Malaya. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Emergency&quot;&gt;Malayan Emergency&lt;/a&gt;, as it was known, lasted from 1948 to 1960, and involved a long anti-insurgency campaign by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations&quot;&gt;Commonwealth&lt;/a&gt; troops in Malaya. In 1963, Malaya along with the then British crown colonies of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, federated to form Malaysia. The proposed date for the formation of Malaysia was 31 August 1963, however, the date was delayed until 16 September 1963 due to opposition from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno&quot;&gt;Sukarno&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party&quot;&gt;Sarawak United Peoples&#39; Party&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-37&quot;&gt;[38]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dataran_Merdeka.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;An ornate fountain at left with steps leading up to a wall with some of Malaysia&#39;s state flags on it.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dataran_Merdeka.jpg/220px-Dataran_Merdeka.jpg&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; height=&quot;165&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dataran_Merdeka.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Merdeka&quot;&gt;Dataran Merdeka&lt;/a&gt; (Independence Square) in Kuala Lumpur, where Malaysians celebrate Independence Day on 31 August each year &lt;p&gt;In its initial period, independence brought heightened tensions including a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_confrontation&quot;&gt;conflict with Indonesia&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Konfrontasi&lt;/i&gt;) over the formation of Malaysia, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore&quot;&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt;&#39;s eventual exit in 1965,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-38&quot;&gt;[39]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-TIME_Art-39&quot;&gt;[40]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and racial strife in the form of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_May_Incident&quot;&gt;13 May race riots&lt;/a&gt; in 1969.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Race_war-40&quot;&gt;[41]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; After the riots, the controversial &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy&quot;&gt;New Economic Policy&lt;/a&gt; was launched by Prime Minister &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak&quot;&gt;Tun Abdul Razak&lt;/a&gt;, trying to increase the share of the economy held by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputra&quot;&gt;bumiputra&lt;/a&gt;. Malaysia has since maintained a delicate ethno-political balance, with a system of government that has attempted to combine overall economic development with political and economic policies that promote equitable participation of all races.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-New_Economic_Policy-41&quot;&gt;[42]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Under the premiership of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_bin_Mohamad&quot;&gt;Mahathir bin Mohamad&lt;/a&gt;, Malaysia experienced a period of rapid economic growth and urbanization from the 1980s.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-42&quot;&gt;[43]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The period saw a shift from an agriculture-based economy to one based on manufacturing and industry in areas such as computers and consumer electronics. It was during this period too, that the physical landscape of Malaysia changed with the emergence of numerous mega-projects. Notable amongst these were the construction of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas_Towers&quot;&gt;Petronas Towers&lt;/a&gt; (at the time, the tallest building in the world, and remains the world&#39;s tallest twin building), &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur International Airport&lt;/a&gt; (KLIA), the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-South_Expressway,_Malaysia&quot;&gt;North-South Expressway&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepang_International_Circuit&quot;&gt;Sepang International Circuit&lt;/a&gt;, the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC), the Bakun hydroelectric dam, and&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya&quot;&gt;Putrajaya&lt;/a&gt;, the new federal administrative capital. In the late 1990s, Malaysia was shaken by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Asian_Financial_Crisis&quot;&gt;Asian financial crisis&lt;/a&gt; as well as political unrest caused by the sacking of the deputy prime minister Dato&#39; Seri &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim&quot;&gt;Anwar Ibrahim&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-43&quot;&gt;[44]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In November 2007, Malaysia was rocked by two anti-government rallies. They were precipitated by allegations of corruption and discrepancies in the Malaysian election system that heavily favoured the ruling political party, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barisan_Nasional&quot;&gt;Barisan Nasional&lt;/a&gt;, which had been in power since Malaysia achieved its independence in 1957.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-44&quot;&gt;[45]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;h4&gt;Politics&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;p&gt;Main article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Politics of Malaysia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MalaysianParliament.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;A photo showing the Malaysian Parliament building along with 2 white arches in diagonal position front of the building.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/MalaysianParliament.jpg/200px-MalaysianParliament.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;150&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MalaysianParliament.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Houses_of_Parliament&quot;&gt;Malaysian Houses of Parliament&lt;/a&gt;is the building where the Malaysian Parliament assembles. &lt;p&gt;Malaysia is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation&quot;&gt;federal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy&quot;&gt;constitutional&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_monarchy&quot;&gt;elective monarchy&lt;/a&gt;. The federal head of state of Malaysia is the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong&quot;&gt;Yang di-Pertuan Agong&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, commonly referred to as the &quot;King of Malaysia&quot;. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term by and from amongst the nine hereditary &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Ruler&quot;&gt;rulers&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_states&quot;&gt;Malay states&lt;/a&gt;; the other four states, which have titular Governors, do not participate in the selection.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-45&quot;&gt;[46]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The position has to date been, by informal agreement, systematically rotated between the nine; the order was originally based on seniority. The system of government in Malaysia is closely modelled on that of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_system&quot;&gt;Westminster&lt;/a&gt; parliamentary system, a legacy of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire&quot;&gt;British colonial rule&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-FITA-10&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures. The bicameral &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;parliament&lt;/a&gt; consists of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_house&quot;&gt;lower house&lt;/a&gt;, the House of Representatives or &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat&quot;&gt;Dewan Rakyat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (literally the &quot;Chamber of the People&quot;) and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_house&quot;&gt;upper house&lt;/a&gt;, the Senate or &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara&quot;&gt;Dewan Negara&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (literally the &quot;Chamber of the Nation&quot;).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-46&quot;&gt;[47]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-autogenerated1-47&quot;&gt;[48]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-autogenerated1-47&quot;&gt;[48]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The 222-member House of Representatives is elected for a maximum term of five years from single-member constituencies, which are defined based on population. All 70 Senators sit for three-year terms; 26 are elected by the 13 state assemblies, with the remaining 44 appointed by the king upon the Prime Minster&#39;s recommendation.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The parliament follows a multi-party system and the governing body is elected through a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-past-the-post&quot;&gt;first-past-the-post&lt;/a&gt; system. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has been governed by a multi-party coalition known as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barisan_Nasional&quot;&gt;Barisan Nasional&lt;/a&gt; (formerly known as the Alliance Party).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Besides the Parliament at the federal level, each state has a unicameral &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly&quot;&gt;State Legislative Assembly&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language&quot;&gt;Malay&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;i&gt;Dewan Undangan Negeri&lt;/i&gt;) whose members are elected from single-member constituencies. State governments are led by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri_Besar&quot;&gt;Chief Ministers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Menteri Besar&lt;/i&gt; in Malay states, or &lt;i&gt;Ketua Menteri&lt;/i&gt; in states without hereditary rulers), who are state assembly members from the majority party in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly&quot;&gt;State Legislative Assembly&lt;/a&gt;. In each of the states with a hereditary ruler, the Chief Minister is required to be a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)&quot;&gt;Malay&lt;/a&gt;, appointed by the Sultan upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-48&quot;&gt;[49]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Parliamentary &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia&quot;&gt;elections&lt;/a&gt; are held at least once every five years, with the last general election being in March 2008.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Registered voters of age 21 and above may vote for the members of the House of Representatives and, in most of the states, for the state legislative chamber. Voting is not mandatory.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-49&quot;&gt;[50]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;an official photo of current prime minister Najib Tun Razak.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak.JPG/160px-Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak.JPG&quot; width=&quot;160&quot; height=&quot;193&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dato_Sri_Mohd_Najib_Tun_Razak.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;p&gt;Current Prime Minister of Malaysia, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Tun_Razak&quot;&gt;Najib Tun Razak&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_branch&quot;&gt;Executive&lt;/a&gt; power is vested in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Cabinet&lt;/a&gt;, led by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Prime Minister&lt;/a&gt;; the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Constitution&lt;/a&gt; stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the lower house of&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;parliament&lt;/a&gt; who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commands a majority in parliament.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-50&quot;&gt;[51]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of Parliament and is responsible to that body.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-51&quot;&gt;[52]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;judiciary&lt;/a&gt; of Malaysia is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislature,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-52&quot;&gt;[53]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; although supporters of the government hold many judicial positions.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Huffington-53&quot;&gt;[54]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The highest body in the judicial system is the Federal Courts. Underneath these courts, there are two high courts, one for Peninsular Malaysia and one for East Malaysia.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Malaysia&#39;s legal system&lt;/a&gt; is based upon &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_law&quot;&gt;English Common Law&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Separate from the civil courts of Malaysia are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia&quot;&gt;Sharia courts&lt;/a&gt;, which decide on cases which involve Malaysian Muslims.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-54&quot;&gt;[55]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Sharia courts run parallel to the normal court system, and are undergoing reforms that include the first ever appointment of female judges.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-55&quot;&gt;[56]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party&quot;&gt;Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party&lt;/a&gt; (PAS) has championed the founding of a purely Islamic state in Malaysia and has debated if the country should become a an Islamic state.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-56&quot;&gt;[57]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Some state governments controlled by the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, including that of Terengganu, have passed Islamic laws, but these have not gone into effect due to opposition from the federal government.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-57&quot;&gt;[58]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Race is a significant force in Malaysian politics, and many Malaysian political parties are ethnically based.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Actions such as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy&quot;&gt;New Economic Policy&lt;/a&gt; (NEP)&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-New_Economic_Policy-41&quot;&gt;[42]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Development_Policy&quot;&gt;National Development Policy&lt;/a&gt; (NDP) which superseded it, were implemented to advance the standing of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)&quot;&gt;Bumiputera&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-58&quot;&gt;[59]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; These policies provide preferential treatment to Malays over non-Malays in employment, education, scholarships, business, and access to cheaper housing and assisted savings. While it improved the economic position of Bumiputras, it is a source of resentment amongst others.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-59&quot;&gt;[60]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/3829112448293776513/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/history-of-malaysia-and-politics.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3829112448293776513'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3829112448293776513'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/history-of-malaysia-and-politics.html' title='History of Malaysia and Politics'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-3515892157429718498</id><published>2010-11-18T22:33:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T22:33:23.538+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="malaysia"/><title type='text'>My Country Malaysia</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Malaysia&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp; is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation&quot;&gt;federal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy&quot;&gt;constitutional monarchy&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia&quot;&gt;Southeast Asia&lt;/a&gt;. It consists of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;thirteen states and three federal territories&lt;/a&gt; and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-Article_1._Constitution_of_Malaysia-7&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The country is separated by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea&quot;&gt;South China Sea&lt;/a&gt; into two regions, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Peninsular Malaysia&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Malaysian Borneo&lt;/a&gt; (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Malaysia shares land borders with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand&quot;&gt;Thailand&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia&quot;&gt;Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei&quot;&gt;Brunei&lt;/a&gt;, and also has maritime boundaries with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore&quot;&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam&quot;&gt;Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines&quot;&gt;Philippines&lt;/a&gt;. The capital city is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur&quot;&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/a&gt;, while &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya&quot;&gt;Putrajaya&lt;/a&gt; is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-statistics-3&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;p&gt;Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire&quot;&gt;British Empire&lt;/a&gt;. The first British territories were known as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlements&quot;&gt;Straits Settlements&lt;/a&gt;. Peninsular Malaysia, then known as Malaya, was first unified under the commonwealth in 1946, before becoming the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya&quot;&gt;Federation of Malaya&lt;/a&gt; in 1948. In 1963, Malaya united with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah&quot;&gt;Sabah&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak&quot;&gt;Sarawak&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore&quot;&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt; to form modern Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation, and became an independent city state. Since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for the first 50 years of independence.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-state.gov-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The economy of the country has, traditionally, been fuelled by its natural resources, but is now also expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. &lt;p&gt;Malaysia&#39;s head of state is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong&quot;&gt;Yang di-Pertuan Agong&lt;/a&gt;, conventionally referred to as &quot;the Head&quot; or &quot;the Agong&quot;. The Agong is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_monarchy&quot;&gt;elected monarch&lt;/a&gt; chosen from amongst the hereditary rulers of the nine &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_states&quot;&gt;Malay states&lt;/a&gt;. The head of government is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;Prime Minister&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-8&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-9&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The government system is closely modelled on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_system&quot;&gt;Westminster parliamentary system&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-FITA-10&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and the legal system is based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_law&quot;&gt;English Common Law&lt;/a&gt;. Malaysia is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, factors that influence its culture and play a large role in Malaysian politics. &lt;p&gt;Malaysia can claim the southernmost point of continental &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia&quot;&gt;Eurasia&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Piai&quot;&gt;Tanjung Piai&lt;/a&gt;, is located near the equator and has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics&quot;&gt;tropical&lt;/a&gt; climate.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; It has a&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity&quot;&gt;biodiverse&lt;/a&gt; range of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia&quot;&gt;flora and fauna&lt;/a&gt;, and is considered one of the 17 &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megadiverse_countries&quot;&gt;megadiverse countries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia#cite_note-megadiverse-11&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; It is a founding member of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN&quot;&gt;Association of Southeast Asian Nations&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Islamic_Conference&quot;&gt;Organisation of the Islamic Conference&lt;/a&gt;, and a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation&quot;&gt;Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations&quot;&gt;Commonwealth of Nations&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement&quot;&gt;Non-Aligned Movement&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png&quot;&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/3515892157429718498/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-country-malaysia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3515892157429718498'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3515892157429718498'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-country-malaysia.html' title='My Country Malaysia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-7730065909047146837</id><published>2010-11-18T18:18:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T18:18:13.308+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="blogs"/><title type='text'>My other blogs.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;I have 2 other blogs and both are full of good stuff on my likes, poems for one and friendship. Follow my blogs and you will get to know me.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7AnNX-RJH7Yyjl-zuk1lMaJDDdalEEeve7kZ2CSNm9OOwikdJ2jXhK2hMz79i8SxxFbRq-bm7yUOFE_6x6DLX0DBIKrpzUJkfnh1m3zlg2yrn0wsVJeG9wv2ZhJhnpZDhyL0QF7B3iMU/s1600-h/2844159s9rt2oso40%5B3%5D.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: inline&quot; title=&quot;2844159s9rt2oso40&quot; alt=&quot;2844159s9rt2oso40&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWQ8WnK9ybHNCz1NXODu7DdHB08LjTvq6tSyB01HL0yCxJyYglF4nY1jO_pdGUIg3zGppZJgxwTIjMZekWEYyEX-G97a-hPWCp3AHSAuDa3Avm4uG0KftpIxOXrsSVkyuPsmQ8ex-IH2k//?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;311&quot; height=&quot;268&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/7730065909047146837/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-other-blogs.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/7730065909047146837'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/7730065909047146837'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-other-blogs.html' title='My other blogs.'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWQ8WnK9ybHNCz1NXODu7DdHB08LjTvq6tSyB01HL0yCxJyYglF4nY1jO_pdGUIg3zGppZJgxwTIjMZekWEYyEX-G97a-hPWCp3AHSAuDa3Avm4uG0KftpIxOXrsSVkyuPsmQ8ex-IH2k/s72-c/?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-3194300149588669459</id><published>2010-11-18T18:14:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T18:14:57.201+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="poems"/><title type='text'>god bless you</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxRrNs7m_tBtnGfRCSboIeVx9GoAIe8gmD9a6runG96bF5kesk-aiQlKUlZBSolC2FKqCNeUDXqhfqGjxdaHI3exMfbUYlu9qvdAEeV9OfrS0vzRQZ_fgMvifkCf8Oh9yxjFiPbNogkAI/s1600-h/059%5B3%5D.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;display: inline&quot; title=&quot;059&quot; alt=&quot;059&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjSUAp8GHLLmWnPsFVcB1bBAd_1bo_3JeSHM2Aic51dU3RMGFOTXfCxiDnRhkY39GGGNU-IGVSD8fIyrj2M6r5V47eL7wawaS1CqrQEBGly6t038ralFqG-selLRjP9Nfzw3RRVqQtRGI//?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;337&quot; height=&quot;361&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Poems are my favourite and you will see a lot of that… &lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/3194300149588669459/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/god-bless-you.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3194300149588669459'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/3194300149588669459'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/god-bless-you.html' title='god bless you'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjSUAp8GHLLmWnPsFVcB1bBAd_1bo_3JeSHM2Aic51dU3RMGFOTXfCxiDnRhkY39GGGNU-IGVSD8fIyrj2M6r5V47eL7wawaS1CqrQEBGly6t038ralFqG-selLRjP9Nfzw3RRVqQtRGI/s72-c/?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-8319087681143719569</id><published>2010-11-18T18:10:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T18:10:58.149+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ponder"/><title type='text'>Ponder:</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Peeking out from the corner of my desk blotter is a note, slowly yellowing and bent from time. It is a card from my mother, containing only four sentences.&amp;nbsp; In it, she praises my abilities as a writer without qualification.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Each sentence is full with love, offering specific examples of what my pursuit has meant to her and my father.&amp;nbsp; The word &quot;but&quot; never appears on the card, however the word &quot;and&quot; is there almost a half dozen times.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Every time I read it -- which is almost every day --&amp;nbsp; am reminded to ask myself if I am doing the same thing for my daughters. I&#39;ve asked myself how many times I&#39;ve &quot;but-ted&quot; them, and me, out of happiness. I hate to say that it&#39;s more often than I&#39;d like to admit.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Although our eldest daughter usually got all A&#39;s on her report card, there was never a semester when at least one teacher would not suggest that she talked too much in class. I always forgot to ask them if she was making improvement in controlling her behavior, if her comments contributed to the discussion in progress or encouraged a quieter child to talk. Instead, I would come home and greet her with, &quot;Congratulations! Your Dad and I are very proud of your accomplishment, but could you try to tone it down in class?&quot;&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The same was true of our younger daughter. Like her sister, she is a lovely, bright, articulate and friendly child. She also treats the floor of her room and the bathroom as a closet, which has provoked me to say on more than one occasion, &quot;Yes, that project is great, but clean up your room!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I&#39;ve noticed that other parents do the same thing. &quot;Our whole family was together for Christmas, but Kyle skipped out early to play his new computer game.&quot; &quot;The hockey team won, but Mike should have made that last goal.&quot; &quot;Amy&#39;s the homecoming queen, but now she wants $200 to buy a new dress and shoes.&quot; But, but, but.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Instead, what I learned from my mother is that if you really want love to flow to your children, start thinking &quot;and, and, and...&quot; instead.&amp;nbsp; For example: &quot;Our whole family was together for Christmas dinner, and Kyle mastered his new computer game before the night was through.&quot; &quot;The hockey team won, and Mike did his best the whole game.&quot; &quot;Amy&#39;s the homecoming queen, and she&#39;s going to look gorgeous!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The fact is that &quot;but&quot; feels bad -- &quot;and&quot; feels good. And when it comes to our children, feeling good is definitely the way to go. When they feel good about themselves and what they are doing, they do more of it, building their self-confidence, their judgment and their harmonious connections to others. When everything they say, think or do is qualified or put down in some way, their joy sours and their anger soars.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; This is not to say that children don&#39;t need or won&#39;t respond to their parents&#39; expectations. They do and they will, regardless of whether those expectations are good or bad. When those expectations are consistently bright and positive and then are taught, modeled and expressed, amazing things happen. &quot;I see you made a mistake. And I know you are intelligent enough to figure out what you did wrong and make a better decision next time.&quot; Or, &quot;You&#39;ve been spending hours on that project, and I&#39;d love to have you explain it to me.&quot; Or, &quot;We work hard for our money, and I know you can help figure out a way to pay for what you want.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; It&#39;s not enough just to say we love our children. In a time when frustration has grown fierce, we can no longer afford to limit love&#39;s expression. If we want to tone down the sound of violence in our society, we&#39;re going to have to turn up the volume on noticing, praising, guiding and participating in what is right with our children.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &quot;No more buts!&quot; is a clarion call for joy. It&#39;s also a challenge, the opportunity fresh before us every day to put our attention on what is good and promising about our children, and to believe with all our hearts that they will eventually be able to see the same in us and the people with whom they will ultimately live, work and serve.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; And if I ever forget, I have my mother&#39;s note to remind me.&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/8319087681143719569/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/ponder.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/8319087681143719569'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/8319087681143719569'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/ponder.html' title='Ponder:'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-5489710720639979484</id><published>2010-11-18T17:49:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T18:05:05.495+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="family"/><title type='text'>My Dad</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;This is picture of my dad&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_omarLCYV8ZKWZNoAObxatrwgWK2I5WI5A0OyII8l5V0jYxsVhp3XANNDfLvK2KdUH-hZXhxYKruceQp5Vz9VNR32mqcwO9iFpX6fBEnn1RKFhxPTZn41lnnxpsl7Fb_ok1Y-PqwQjnw/s1600-h/883565018993m%5B2%5D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px&quot; title=&quot;883565018993m&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;883565018993m&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_PrT9MYh0_4F2Jd-go8S340B_2U2uzugVFNFpCv42tskdkO5LPAPjrz6l_KBn97RfxGkmKyYBB9_QUGrDQHPU-krRfDQsvv_snT8B4Ykpwmk5xispTv8Amf8Kxz1I4IVuZRzmgTy5pgY//?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;162&quot; height=&quot;244&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;his parents, my granparents&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUbOX4jTTrBuHxcf8LcIMEwIj-YJEzIXrnsxdDgl7p1A28sECMwgYMhgQmuq9y9eduYgH-mmbdOUR7FEqZppvGFH44gAAIe2-MVqC3GeWxBep5ejhl1hFsfPOiiAqEmCuL4Vi7MnuYu8/s1600-h/IMG_0002%5B2%5D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px&quot; title=&quot;IMG_0002&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;IMG_0002&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdO9DsXzBYAzIU5Couiz-FZ0cBmHkD9SCWGbAP93mpZj7WkQ5oSv9utId4CXbsS_bz81f5d_5Vf0tXaiB7AWr1JwtlXfxN5_kO6MHgpXg4ArrZ-EveJaymeh4QQGCXPxRUBva90iYkiLA//?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;244&quot; height=&quot;195&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;his own family&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhniEVJ1_14QH2fIowC6QPv6_0vMwK67MMO9l7L6lmrei7YmQALFDAgmx_s9g29dxIFKSoetqcNVQit0bWExpgduupYynU0kW83n2p9vchNPcrCIQ8_opkOCdtcd_OiGIayJ3uhZLOxY-w/s1600-h/IMG_0001%5B2%5D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px&quot; title=&quot;IMG_0001&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;IMG_0001&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLnYFpCn20Wo79SyCc2nQw5ZDCiqyMOw8XKCgLrFuq5ioXOwnMmY6pt54tAYbxFChiGOmYVcfq8WFQomCei9uFIkO4t9oH-JPjOL0q1Hz2BwLHwBANtkR4VixUbNcQY6q-fgvR4_W6Pxw//?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;244&quot; height=&quot;194&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/5489710720639979484/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-dad.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/5489710720639979484'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/5489710720639979484'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-dad.html' title='My Dad'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_PrT9MYh0_4F2Jd-go8S340B_2U2uzugVFNFpCv42tskdkO5LPAPjrz6l_KBn97RfxGkmKyYBB9_QUGrDQHPU-krRfDQsvv_snT8B4Ykpwmk5xispTv8Amf8Kxz1I4IVuZRzmgTy5pgY/s72-c/?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-8093146574125179524</id><published>2010-11-18T15:37:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T15:37:29.324+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="early days"/><title type='text'>My early days</title><content type='html'>I was &amp;nbsp;a carefree girl. Well.... my early days, I vaguely remember .... I was brought up in Kulim and live in Kuantan for a while. My primary education was at st Anne&#39;s convent Kulim. I was an ardent learner and school was just fun for me. I had a lot of friends as I was very popular in school. I attended a all girl school. Yes... the convent with&amp;nbsp;it&#39;s&amp;nbsp;strict&amp;nbsp;discipline&amp;nbsp;and the nuns of course. I remember one particular nun... she was a tyrant and all of terrified of her. Her name is Sister Adrian. one hell of a person. She was so strict and I remember we can&#39;t be late for&amp;nbsp;catechism&amp;nbsp;class. She would yell her head off. But all in all as I recall this days.... it was long lost memories and I can&#39;t relive it but only can&amp;nbsp;reminisce&amp;nbsp;about it. Oh ya.. It sure was a nice childhood. Back then, I was close with my grandma. Mum and dad was&amp;nbsp;working. I am close with my brother, Gary till this very day as he is&amp;nbsp;second&amp;nbsp;in our family. We used to play and fight together. Ha ha ha. My sister carol , the third in the family. Mum left us when I was 15 years and it was a real trying time for all of us. Dad was always around and he was all to us.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/feeds/8093146574125179524/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-early-days.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/8093146574125179524'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2308173091453008120/posts/default/8093146574125179524'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mymomentsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/11/my-early-days.html' title='My early days'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13870657706629350669</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2308173091453008120.post-931360781695084004</id><published>2010-11-18T12:00:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2010-11-18T12:00:59.488+08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="me"/><title type='text'>Who Am I</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;My name is Lorraine and I am 50 years old. I am a malaysian and  eurasian by race. Was born to a family with lots of love. My dad was a  surveyor and my mum a nurse. They had 8 children and I am the eldest. My  mum passed away when I was 15 years and she died of cancer.in the year  1975. We were brought up by my dad singlehandedly and He was our father,  friend and everything. My Dad passed away in 1995 due to cancer too. I  live now with my sister since I am not married.&lt;br /&gt;
This blog as it goes on will tell more about me and the things I like. This is only an intro into this blog of who AM I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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