Thought yard

“The Intelligent Green: Exploring the Hidden Potential of Plants in Healing, Innovation, and Sustainability”

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Mon, 20 Oct 2025 16:44:00 +0000

In a world driven by rapid technological evolution, artificial intelligence, and digital transformation, one of humanity’s greatest teachers continues to stand quietly in the background—rooted in silence, yet rich in wisdom. Plants, often perceived as passive life forms limited to photosynthesis, are now emerging at the forefront of conversations relating to healing, innovation, environmental sustainability, and even robotics.

In the very first article on this website, we tried to convey the importance and necessity of natural resources, especially nature. Today, we are back to provide you with an insightful piece of information about plants—as teachers who impart various lessons and guide us in multiple fields, whether in medicine, therapy, or modern innovations like robotics and artificial intelligence. Let’s dive together into the ocean of knowledge with Hungry Researcher to understand exactly what plant therapy is.

Plant Therapy

Plant Therapy, also known as Horticultural Therapy, is a therapeutic practice that uses plants, gardening activities, and interaction with nature to improve physical, emotional, and mental well-being. It is based on the deep and universal human connection with nature, often referred to as “biophilia.” Plants behave like personal therapists—without charging a fee—and sometimes, they even help generate revenue. They are therapists who guide you while also offering rewards for engagement.

In the modern era, the increasing and often unnecessary use of technology disrupts daily routines and contributes to various lifestyle disorders. In response to these growing concerns, plant therapy emerges as a blessing. Studies show that engaging in gardening or spending time in natural environments can reduce anxiety, stress, fear, and even thoughts that may lead to serious offenses, such as suicide or criminal behavior.

In psychological practice, plants have been widely used to calm the mind and address the root causes of psychosomatic symptoms. They help reduce depressive thoughts and negative cognitive influences.

For individuals with developmental challenges, gardening with flowers is highly beneficial. Cases of autism and ADHD show significant improvements with plant therapy, as it enhances focus, supports sensory integration, and promotes cognitive and emotional growth. Gardening also stimulates memory recall, reduces loneliness, and helps maintain motor skills. For elderly individuals with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, it can be particularly therapeutic.

There are numerous real-life examples demonstrating that plant therapy is not limited to gardening or caring for plants. It is an invisible therapist that guides us toward better health and well-being.

The Symphony of Green: Plants and Music

We all know that plants are living beings. But do they communicate? Do they respond to our actions and stimuli? If they are alive, can they perceive our messages? These questions often intrigue curious minds. The simple and solid answer is yes—they do sense our messages. Research shows that plants exhibit different reactions to different genres of music. Certain types of music, especially classical or soothing instrumental pieces, can positively influence plant growth. Vibrations from sound waves may stimulate cell growth, enzyme activity, and nutrient absorption.

On the other hand, heavy metal or loud rock music can sometimes slow growth or stress plants. Harsh, unpleasant sounds—like traffic noise, fireworks, and other disturbances—can negatively affect plant health.

It is important to remember that the relationship with plants should be mutual. We cannot always expect benefits without considering their well-being. Plants thrive in harmony and balance, and they have been rightly referred to as a symbol of calm and healthy relationships.

Interestingly, this idea has inspired a new genre of music: music from plants. Using sensors, plant bio-signals can be converted into sound or music (biofeedback). Each leaf movement, change in moisture, or electrical signal can become a note. This technique has been widely used in art, meditation, and therapeutic practices, enhancing relaxation, reducing stress, and promoting mental well-being.

Plant Robotics: Where Nature Gently Guides Technology

Plant robotics is a fascinating field that takes quiet inspiration from the way plants live and grow. Instead of relying on fast, forceful movements like animals or machines, these robots borrow their wisdom from nature’s soft and steady strategies—like the way roots gently explore the soil or vines carefully wrap around a support. Scientists observe how plants respond to light, moisture, touch, and gravity, and use these behaviors to design gentle, adaptive robots that can move slowly through difficult environments without causing damage. Some innovations even combine living plants with robotic systems, allowing plant signals to guide robotic movement, as seen in experimental projects like Elowan, a plant-powered robot that moves toward light. By blending biology and engineering, plant robotics opens possibilities for eco-friendly exploration, sustainable technology, and even machines that grow and adapt just like living organisms—showing us that the future of innovation may be calm, green, and deeply inspired by nature.

Plant and innovation

Plant innovation is emerging as a powerful force in shaping a sustainable and future-ready world. While plants have traditionally been appreciated for their role in providing food, oxygen, and herbal remedies, today they are at the center of groundbreaking scientific and technological advancements. Researchers, environmentalists, and technologists are now exploring how plant intelligence, adaptability, and resilience can inspire new solutions to global challenges such as climate change, pollution, and resource scarcity.

From engineering climate-resistant crops to designing plant-based medicines and renewable biomaterials, plant innovation is transforming agriculture, healthcare, and industry. Concepts like plant-inspired robotics, music-responsive growth, and eco-therapies are expanding our understanding of how deeply plants influence human life and technological development. This evolving field represents a conscious shift toward harmonizing modern progress with ecological wisdom. By learning from plant behavior and harnessing their natural potential, humanity is crafting a greener, smarter, and more compassionate future.

Biomimicry in this case standout to be the best ideas to utilise. Biomimicry is the practice of learning from and emulating nature’s strategies, designs, and systems to solve human problems sustainably. In simple terms: It means “imitating nature’s brilliance to create better solutions.”

Example:

Velcro was inspired by the tiny hooks on burr seeds that stick to animal fur.

Bullet trains in Japan were redesigned based on the beak shape of a kingfisher bird to reduce noise and improve speed and efficiency.

Self-cleaning paints and surfaces are inspired by the lotus leaf, which repels water and dirt.

Plant medicine

Plant medicine, deeply rooted in Ayurveda and herbal traditions, represents one of the oldest and most trusted systems of natural healing. In Ayurveda, plants are considered living reservoirs of prana (life force), each with unique properties that help balance the body's doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Herbal remedies derived from leaves, roots, seeds, and bark, such as Ashwagandha for stress relief, Neem for detoxification, and Tulsi for immunity, remain central to preventive and curative care. Modern phytotherapy now validates this traditional wisdom by isolating powerful bioactive compounds like alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics, many of which form the basis of pharmaceutical drugs. From the pain-relieving qualities of willow bark (source of aspirin) to the cardiotonic effects of digitalis derived from foxglove, plant-based medicine continues to bridge ancient knowledge with modern science. As global interest shifts toward holistic wellness and eco-conscious living, Ayurveda and herbal healing stand out as gentle, effective, and sustainable approaches to restoring physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

Being a student of Ayurveda I promise I will provide elaborate discussion on plant medicine in very detailed format.

Hungry and Foolish

From Lucid Dreams to Cinematic Genius: Christopher Nolan’s Inception

noreply@blogger.com (Dibya) — Tue, 20 May 2025 17:32:00 +0000

The relation between reality and dreams has always been blur and exciting for everyone. Sometimes, we are fascinated by a dream world, while at other times, we are scared of it. Dreams have conserved many unsolved and unanswered questions for thousands of years. Christopher Nolan is considerably a magnificent science teacher who perform his practical classes in grand budget and highly magnificent way possible. Here we are going to touch the lucid dream pool with simple way possible.

One of the finest directors of all time, with a super-calculative and visionary mind, immense knowledge, and a deep understanding of physics and human psychology — even that would be an understatement when describing the legendary Hollywood director Christopher Nolan.

The movie we are about to discuss is Inception, directed and written by Christopher Nolan, starring some of the finest actors like Leonardo DiCaprio, Cillian Murphy, and many more.

The central theme of this film revolves around a mysterious, fascinating, and intellectually stimulating concept: lucid dreaming. A lucid dream is a state where the dreamer becomes aware that they are dreaming and can often control the content and direction of the dream.

Sounds interesting? Let’s dive deeper into this concept and also explore how one can learn to experience lucid dreaming.

What is dream?

According to Acharya Vagbhata, Swapna (dream) is a state of mind in which all the indriyas (sensory organs) are disconnected from the external environment and relieved of their duties, while the mind remains active and continues its function. In this state, the mind experiences the illusory content of dreams.

From a modern perspective, dreams are considered "a state of consciousness that involves sensory, cognitive, and emotional experiences occurring during sleep."

In Ayurveda, Swapna is classified into seven categories:

1. Drista – dreams based on things seen

2. Sruta – based on things heard

3. Anubhuta – based on past experiences

4. Prarthita – based on desires

5. Kalpita – purely imaginary dreams

6. Bhabik – predictive or prophetic dreams

7. Doshaja – dreams arising due to imbalances in bodily humors (doshas)

The state of lucid dreaming may fall under the category of Kalpita Swapna, as it is described as a dream that is entirely imaginary and consciously influenced by the dreamer.

Lucid dreaming

A lucid dream is a dream in which the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming and can often exert control over the dream’s content. Lucid dreams are like clay toys — we can mold them into anything our imagination desires. We can become our favorite superhero, fly through the skies, reach out and pick fruits from distant trees, perform acts of telekinesis and telepathy, and even experience what feels like time travel — all within a limited span of dream time.

Lucid dreaming creates a unique dimension where one can learn and practice different skills, overcome nightmares, or simply enjoy surreal and exciting experiences. However, it can sometimes take a confusing turn, turning into a trap-like condition where one finds it difficult to distinguish dreams from reality.

While lucid dreaming has many benefits, frequent and prolonged lucid dreaming may come with certain drawbacks. In some cases, it has been associated with anxiety, stress, and even symptoms of depression. Some individuals may become so addicted to the lucid dream state that they prefer it over reality, wanting to remain in that dimension for as long as possible. This, understandably, can have a negative impact on a person’s mental well-being.

Fortunately, such extreme cases are rare, but they do highlight the importance of balance when exploring the fascinating world of lucid dreaming.

Reality of lucid dreaming and in movies

Christopher Nolan is truly a masterclass director when it comes to science fiction movies — whether it's Tenet, Inception, or the magnificent masterpiece Interstellar. He has a unique ability to blend the rules of the practical world into finer, mind-bending concepts that often leave us in a state of awe.

Let’s first discuss some of the fictional elements introduced in Inception for the sake of storytelling. In the movie, a machine is used to interconnect the dreams of participants who are dreaming simultaneously — a concept that is, as of now, scientifically impossible. The blending of dreams between different individuals does not happen in reality. They also use a drug to induce sleep and another to extend the dreaming time — again, a fictional element, as we currently have no way to control the exact timing or duration of lucid dreams.

However, the movie cleverly integrates several authentic concepts of lucid dreaming. In a lucid dream, you can shape the environment, build anything, modify reality, and blur the line between what is possible and what is not. The film portrays this beautifully. One realistic concept shown is the sudden awakening when a person experiences a sudden jerk — something many people encounter in real life as they wake from a dream.

Another interesting aspect the movie highlights is that we don’t have full control over our dreams, just like we don’t always have control over our thoughts. This is symbolized by the unintentional appearance of Cobb’s wife in his dreams, driven by his subconscious mind.

If we start diving deep into the movie and its layered concepts, we might as well find ourselves lost in an entirely different dimension — just like the characters in Inception.

The mechanism of lucid dreaming

Lucid dreaming is one of those wild experiences where you suddenly realize — wait, this is a dream — and you don’t wake up. You stay in the dream, fully aware, and sometimes even in control. It feels surreal, like you're walking through your own movie with the power to direct it.

But what’s going on in your brain during all this?

Normally, when we dream (especially in REM sleep), the part of the brain responsible for logic and self-awareness — the prefrontal cortex — kind of takes a back seat. That’s why our dreams can be totally bizarre and we don’t question them. Flying? Talking to animals? All normal when you’re asleep.

But in a lucid dream, that logical part of your brain actually lights back up — just enough for you to realize you're dreaming. You're still deep in REM, but a part of you wakes up inside the dream. It's like having one foot in reality and one foot in your dream world.

Some people train themselves to do this. They keep dream journals, practice “reality checks” (like looking at their hands or clocks during the day), and even use techniques like waking up briefly in the night and going back to sleep with the intention to become lucid. With practice, the brain starts catching on — and one night, you'll look around in a dream and realize, this isn’t real… but I am here.

Scientifically, lucid dreamers often show more gamma brainwave activity — linked with awareness and conscious thinking — even while they’re still dreaming. It’s like the brain gets a moment of clarity in the middle of the chaos.

For more such information stay tuned with Hungry Researcher

Hungry and Foolish

"When the Light Emits Darkness: The Untold Story of Jadugoda"

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Mon, 19 May 2025 14:05:00 +0000

In odisha a proverb is very common in locals that " Deepa tala Andhara " .The actual meaning of the phrase is: darkness surrounds the base of the light source. The very source that brings prosperity, awakening, and a path to follow often ends up shrouded in darkness—filled with sorrowful stories of struggle and hardship.Here, we present the story of Jadugoda, the first village in India to supply uranium—an essential element in making India a clean, self-sufficient, and energy-efficient nation.

On May 18, 1974, India became the sixth country to conduct a nuclear test. “The Buddha has smiled,” said Dr. Raja Ramanna, the director of India’s nuclear program, as he informed then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the successful test. With this, India joined an elite group of nuclear-capable nations.To conduct such a nuclear test, a continuous supply of energy is required, and that energy void was filled by uranium. When uranium atoms disintegrate or decay, they release a massive amount of energy. The project was named "Smiling Buddha", a clear and transparent message to the world that India's nuclear activities were intended solely for peaceful purposes and national development.

The news spread rapidly across India, filling the nation with pride and excitement. However, one place—Jadugoda—was about to face the hidden consequences of that achievement. As the primary source of uranium, Jadugoda, which supplied the very foundation of India’s developmental ambitions, soon became a land overshadowed by hazards, health crises, and environmental struggles caused by reckless mining practices.

Story of uranium exploration:

Back in time, Jadugoda had a mysterious banyan tree that emitted a faint, glowing light and stood at an important location in the village. Villagers believed that this unusual phenomenon was the result of paranormal activity. According to local folklore, any pregnant woman who passed by the tree would be cursed by the spirit residing in it. As a result, many experienced miscarriages or gave birth to children with severe disabilities and dysfunctions.

These eerie stories spread to neighboring areas and eventually caught the attention of the government. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the area around the tree was highly rich in uranium.

Following this revelation, Jadugoda, located in the Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, about 35 km from Jamshedpur, became the first site for uranium mining in India.

The Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), a public sector undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy, was established for uranium mining and processing. Founded in 1967, the corporation took charge of mining and milling uranium ore, with its headquarters set up in Jadugoda itself.

Problems of Jadugoda:

Jadugoda is a beautiful land, blessed with natural scenery—lush forests and picturesque river landscapes. It has been home to the tribal communities of Jharkhand for generations.

However, after the establishment of UCIL (Uranium Corporation of India Limited), many forest areas were cleared for factory construction and mining operations. Uranium mining in this region takes place deep underground, often over 100 meters and sometimes even beyond 500 meters below the earth's surface. While deep mining may reduce direct exposure to radioactive substances, the major concern lies in the solid radioactive waste, which is left over after uranium is processed. This waste is dumped into open fields known as tailing ponds, which pose serious environmental and health hazards.

Over time, this radioactive waste contaminates nearby water sources used by both humans and animals. Additionally, the transportation of uranium—often carried out in uncovered and unprotected vehicles without proper safety protocols—leads to the release of radioactive particles into the air. As a result, the air, soil, and water around Jadugoda have become heavily contaminated.

This radioactive exposure has led to widespread health issues among the local population, including skin diseases, gastric problems, respiratory ailments, and most notably, pregnancy-related complications. Many women have reported repeated miscarriages, and a significant number of children are born with birth defects, brain damage, and other organ malfunctions.

The village has been severely affected by these issues. However, instead of taking responsibility, the company often blames the locals, citing poor hygiene practices and unhealthy food habits as the cause of their suffering.

Although a hospital has been set up to provide healthcare facilities, it lacks even basic medical infrastructure. As a result, most patients are referred to other hospitals outside the region.

Uranium poisoning in brief

Uranium mining can have significant environmental impacts, including dust, radon gas, and water contamination.

Occupational exposure to radiation, especially in underground mining, can pose health risks to miners.

Proper dust suppression and ventilation are crucial for worker safety and environmental protection.

Conclusion:

India has become a nuclear superpower, but it has betrayed the very source that made it possible. Those of us who live far from nuclear exposure can never truly understand the struggles faced by the people who are its victims. The government should be aware of these issues and ensure that such situations are not repeated in the future. It must also work actively on preventive measures.

We are deeply grateful to KK Create and Kavya Karnatac for bringing attention to this issue through their video.

Stay tuned with Hungry Researcher for more such information:-

Hungry and Foolish

Development on the graveyard of Biodiversity

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Sat, 19 Apr 2025 10:29:00 +0000

When need converts into greed then nature's treasure turned into a clearance sale."who cares , let the forest fall and rivers choke " . It is just nature and just smoke and when the last leaf turns to dust we will print it in gold and in greed we trust.

The world stands at a critical cross roads as we witness an alarming and accelerating loss of biodiversity. An extinction crisis unfolding silently across every continent and ocean.

Preventive majors in concern to protect our biodiversity :

This includes establishing protected area, addressing invasive species, and promoting biodiversity friendly practices across various sectors.
These efforts are supported international agreements.

CBD (Convention on biological diversity) : Adopted in 1992 at earth Summit in Rio de Janerio. lead to the Aichi biodiversity targets and now the Kunming - montreal Global biodiversity framework. (2022-2030)
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) :

controls international trade of endangered plants and animals.

prevents over exploitation.
UNESCO world heritage sites - recognize and protects natural sites with outstanding biodiversity value.
SDGs ( sustainable Development Goals):
Goal 14 (Life Below water) and Goal 15 life on land address biodiversity.
promote habitat conservation resources use.

Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community of living thing like plants, animals and microorganisms that interact with each other and with their non-living environment like air, water and soil in a specific area.

* Everything in an ecosystem is connected :-

In Our biosphere immense diversity exist if an alien from a distant galaxy were to visit our planet earth, meant thing that wild amaze and baffle him would most probable be enormous diversity of life here.
Even for humans the rich diversity of living beings or organism never ceases to astonish and fascinate us.
And you know what, it has taken millions of years evolution do accumulate this rich diversity in nature but we could lose all the wealth in less than two centuries if present rates of species continues.
Recently net loss is very high. There were many deforestation drivers as

felling of eucalyptus plantation.
land allocation under right of forest dwellness (ROFR) Act.
urban expansion and real estate development.

Importance of biodiversity :-

Healthy communities are sustained by well functioning ecosystem which provide artificial services such as clean air fresh water, natural medicine and food security.
Forest absorb over 2.6 billion tones of CO2 annually ,contributing to climate regulation and reducing the incidence of disease linked to pollution.
we were never give attention to that every plant, animal and a insect has a role to balancing nature, keeping the environment healthy.
loss of diversity eventually threatens other species we do not impact directly because of their interconnectedness, as species are threatened by changes in available resources.
Actually we can't tell or Summarize this thing that how ecosystem and biodiversity are important for us.

Anthropogenic impact:

The biological wealth of our planet has been declining rapidly and accusing finger is clearly pointing to human activities.

The major causes are habitat loss and fragmentation , over exploitation alien species invasion and co extinction. Human activities is changing Earth's atmosphere very badly. when climate change affects an environment so much that it is unable to sustain organism.

Activists:

There are many people who have dedicated thier lives to protecting the environment and advocating for sustainable practices. These amazing people are known as environmental activists.

In India, medhapatkar known for her role in narmada bachao Andolan.
Sundar lal Bahuguna a leaders-chipko movement.
Amrita devi Bishnoi was a prominent figure in bishnoi Community, known for her courageous act if sacrificing her life to protect khejri trees in khejarli village in Rajasthan.
A Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg known world wide for her powerful advocacy against climate change. She gave direct impactful speech and criticized world leaders for their inaction and emphasized the urgency of limiting global warming and preserving biodiversity.

Telengana deforestation:

Telangana has experienced notable deforestation in recent years -

Forest cover loss (2021-2023) - A/C to ISFR telengana Forest cover decreased by approx. 100 square km b/w 2021 and 2023.

Total forest area is approx. 66 lakh acres which is about 24% of States land area.

Recently, as you have heard about deforestation developments in telengana . Kancha gachibowli's forest is home to over 237 birds species, including migratory birds and supports various animal such as spotted deer, wild bears and tortoises. That action severely impacted local wildlife, notably peacocks where many peacocks crying out as bulldozers cleared approximately 400 areas of forest.

Lastly by completing this topic which can't be complete ever I want to tell that we all have a moral duty to care for our nature and biodiversity then pass on our biological legacy to future generation.

"Nature's biological library is burning even before we catalogued the titles of all books stocked there."

Read again above line and please save the nature , don't affect this by any harmful activity.

Nidhi Lohiya

HMPV : A brief description

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Mon, 03 Feb 2025 17:05:00 +0000

Once again there is news from China about the spread of a virus, HMPV. When the other countries are seeing the Flu season this year, China is seeing a bad HMPV season . Few cases have already seen in India, but the biggest fear among people now is whether this will turn into the sequel to Covid-19 and are we going to see the same disturbing scenarios like in COVID time ? So the one definite answer to all these questions is a clear "No" .

HMPV (Human Meta Pneumo Virus) though sounds scary, it is just a local respiratory virus , not a virus like Covid and it's not like it has come from outside or from China . It has been around us for decades. It is being circulated in India for many years . Often HMPV is considered as "Anonymous Virus " that means people who are infected with this doesn't even know that they have it, dismissing their symptoms as cold or flu. This HMPV has not been hidden but it has been active in every season and people have already developed a immunity against it.

Now let's dig more into this mystifying HMPV exploring it's discovery, virology, life cycle, behavioural changes, transmission and any future prediction of its outbreak.

HMPV was first discovered 24 years ago i.e in 2001 by researchers in the Netherlands, led by Dr. Bernadette van der Hoogen and her team at the Erasmus Medical Center. They were just analyzing the stored samples from children with unexplained respiratory infections . These children presented symptoms similar to those caused by RSV (Respinratory syncytial Virus) but tests for RSV and other known respiratory viruses came back negative. Then cell culture analysis, electron microscopy, genetic sequencing, serological evidences confirmed that the previously unrecognized Virus is a new human pathogen and they named it HMPV. Though HMPV and AMPV (Avian Meta Pneumo Virus) share a common ancestor till it is unproven that HMPV might have originated from a zoonotic event (transmission from animals to humans) in the distance past.

HMPV is now exclusively a human virus in its current form. It is mainly affecting the young children, elderly and individuals having compromised immune system. According to Paul Hunter, a professor at University of East Anglia in the UK , almost every child under the age of 5 has already had HMPV infection at least once and after that they often get reinfections throughout their life.

Discussing about the structure of HMPV, it is negative sense single stranded RNA virus surrounded by a lipid bilayer and its size ranges from 150-600 nm in diameter having F- protein (Fusion protein), G-protein (Attachment / Glyco Protein) and SH protein (small Hydrophobic protein) on its surface. Its lifecycle follows the typical replication process of the paramyxoviridae family. Though some behavioural changes have already been observed, the occuring mutations mainly influence how well the virus avoids that pre-existing immunity so that it will be more effective in its new Form.

The main transmission media of HMPV is respiratory droplets. Also can spread via contaminated surfaces and close contact with infected individuals causing cough, Fever, sore throat and runny nose typically 4-6 days after the exposure. In some cases sever respiratory illness like bronchitis, pneumonia are also seen.

Now the question is "Is there any Future prediction for the outbreak of HMPV ?So talking about this as the future outbreak generally depends upon the population immunity, health care access and co-circulating viruses, As long as the healthcare system is fully prepared, HMPV infection can be highly manageable. However increased global awareness, improved diagnostic tools and potential vaccines would help mitigate severe impacts of HMPV.

Thank you so much for reading this blog . Stay tuned with Hungry Researchers for more such captivating articles.

MAY THE FORCE BE WITH YOU.

- Bhagyashree Mohapatra

Condition of medical working hours in India

noreply@blogger.com (Dibya) — Fri, 23 Aug 2024 18:36:00 +0000

There is a fixed working hour in every profession People work overtime when work load is more or they have any target to achieve, but this is not true for one of the most reputed profession of our country "THE DOCTORS". Their working hours are not fixed they work like animals, remain available 24×7 for everyone,get scolded by their senior doctors, bitten up and threatened by patient's attendants .Not proper working environment and no safety at all.

Anonymous working hour of Resident doctors.

Anonymous working hour of Resident doctors are very inhuman deed.Resident doctors works for 24 hrs,36 hrs continuous duty without any proper Break they don't get time to do their personal stuffs Even they are sleep deprived with maximal sleep of 3-4 hrs.

They don't get any proper leave not even on Sunday and public holidays Clinical branches like medicine, surgery, obg, paediatrics , orthopaedics are the most hectic branches. You have to work even on Sundays, 24 hours shifts and night shifts are there.

First year residents have emergency duty of 12 hours straight.OPD duty of 3+2 hours daily. Sometimes the ending shift of Emergency and next OPD are on consecutive days hence they get few hours of sleep inadequate for the person.

The working hours are otherwise fine officially but the senior PGs would call the First year residents at any hour of the day irrespective of their duties to check on their patients. Rules and regulations capping residents’ working hours are a joke in India, and usually they are only followed on paper. Residents are completely helpless, and have no way to protest other than quitting the residency. So, most residents get through their first year by hook or by crook, waiting for the day when a new batch of first year residents will arrive to take their place!

As per the directives of the Honourable Supreme Court in its judgment dated,25.9.87, in writ petition No. 348-352 of 1985, all the State Governments, Medical Institutions and Universities are required to amend their rules and regulations to introduce a uniform residency scheme by 1993

“A uniform practice has to be evolved so that the discipline would be introduced. We accordingly allow the present arrangement to continue for a period of five years . upto 1992 inclusive. For admission beginning from 1993 there would be only onepattern. All Universities and institutions shall take timely steps to bring about such amendments as may be necessary to bring statutes, regulations, and rules obtaining in their respective institutions in accord with this direction before the end of 1991 so that there may be no scope for raising of any dispute in regard to the matter.The uniform pattern has to be implemented for 1993. It is proper that one uniform system is brought into vogue throughout the country.”

These irregular posting of doctors is risking health and life of patients. So it should be ammended n duty hrs of doctors is to be made fixed.if it is not any emergency condition Pg sheat should be increased to lessen the burden on junior doctors.

Conclusion

An average medical post graduate aspirant spend their 15-16 hours of a day at least for an year on study to get a single pg seat. Is this all they deserve, a disrespect. Of those sleepless nights ,cutoff from social life, not available for their own family, in return they are getting murdered and bitten up. Every profession is equal doctors should also be given proper holidays working hours and safety . Before anything else they are also human and most important they are serving the nation and saving our lives so please save them .They are doing their duty so let's do ours .

- Pooja Sharma

MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS : A MUST DONE PROCEDURE FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Sun, 18 Aug 2024 16:25:00 +0000

What is the first thing comes to your mind whenever you hear the cases of Sexual Assault? May be deep grief and sympathy for the survivor or intense anger and hatred towards the accused. In a world of 8.1 billion population where every 73 seconds produce a victim (can be Female, male, transgender or any person with disability) in these cases the must done procedure is finding the culprits guilty and bringing justice to victim. And I must say in this context medical examinations play a very important role by collecting necessary evidences against the defendant and also providing proper healthcare treatment to the victim.

So in this blog we will learn about :

Medical examinations performed in sexual assault cases
Laws regarding checkups
Banned Checkups
Role of Ayurveda
Conclusion

First and foremost let's discuss about the medical examinations. So the most obvious and accurate way to determine whether a person has been sexually assaulted or not is through medical examination, by a registered medical practitioner. It not only provides the required medical treatment and psychological support to the survivor but also helps to collect proper evidence for further legal proceedings. Several kinds of medical tests are present some may differ according to gender and age.

Physical Examination:

The doctor checks for any physical injuries on body especially in genital area which may include cuts, bruises or bleeding.

Sample Collection :

It must be done within 72 hour of unwanted sexual practice. Sexual assault Evidence kit, also called as "Rape kit" is generally used to collect swabs from genital area, mouth, anus (it reported) and other parts of the body where DNA might be found.

Also the victim's clothes, pubic hair, head hair, nails are collected to examine the presence of semen, blood, saliva or any other matted materials which is highly required for identification of accused by DNA profiling.

Photographic Documentation :

Any visible injuries on body are cleanly photographed for evidence.

STD Screening:

Tests for STD like HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea etc. are done.

Toxicology Screening:

If drug facilitated assault is suspected blood and urine tests may be conducted to check for the presence of drugs or alcohol.

Pregnancy Test:

It is done only to check if the victim is pregnant which can be a crucial evidence in some cases.

Psychological Assessment:

A psychological assessment is must for assessing the emotional and psychological impact of the assault. It is recommended to support the victim's mental and emotional well-being especially in children as they may face difficulty in expressing their experience.

Specialized Approach:

In case of children, all the tests to be done must be conducted with extra care as they can retraumatize the child. Also Forensic interviewing often conducted in children especially trained professionals in a child freiendly manner.

LAWS REGARDING CHECK-UPS :-

Many countries including India have specific laws and regulations that mandate medical checkups and Forensic examinations in cases of sexual assault. The consent from the victim or their guardian (in case of minors) before conducting any part of the examination is a must done procedure.

The laws are generally designed to protect the rights, privacy and dignity of the victim ensuring that they get proper medical care. Now let's discuss more about these guidelines.

1. Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860

Section 164A:

This section considers that the medical examination should be conducted by a registered medical practitioner within 24 Hours of police receiving information about the offence. Further a report should be prepared including the details of the examination.

2. Code of Criminal Procedure (CAPL) 1973

Section 164;

It allows for the recording of victim's statement including details from the medical examination. which can be used as evidence during the trial.

3. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Pocso) Act, 2012

Section 27:

It considers that the medical examinations should be done by a registered medical practitioner preferably of the same sex as the child in the presence of a parent or guardian.

Section 19 and 21:

This section deals with reporting of sexual offences against children emphasizing the importance of timely and legal intervention

4. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013

Amendments to section 375 and 376 1PC :

It brought significant changes to the laws concerning sexual assault, expanding the definition of rape and strengthening the legal framework.

Section 357c CRPC:

It mandates that all hospitals, public or private, must provide first aid medical treatment without any delay to victims and must immediately inform the police.

5. Medical Examination Guidelines

In 2014, the ministry of Health and Family welfare issued guidelines outlining the procedures for conducting medical examinations, collecting Forensic evidences while ensuring the dignity and rights of victims during the whole process.

*You will be amazed to know that in certain countries like US, free medical treatment is provided in private or public hospitals in cases of sexual assault under the Federal Law, 1994. Charging even a penny will be punishable.

BANNED CHECK-UPS:

With advancement of modern medical science some outdated and unethical medical practices ane banned due to the violation of privacy and dignity of the survivor. Certain tests are as follows:

1. Two-Fingers Test:

It involves a doctor inserting two fingers into victim's vagina to check the laxity of vaginal muscles for determining whether or not she had been engaged in sexual intercourse previously. Having no scientific basis this test is banned in several South-Asian countries, some due to its highly invasive and retraumatizing nature.

2. Forced Gynecological Exams :

It is highly criticized in various countries like Brazil, Mexico etc. for involving forced gynecological exams conducted without the consent of the victim.

3. Hymen-Repair Surgery :

While this is extremely condemned in Middle Eastern and South Asian countries. some still support Hymenoplasty or Hymen-Repair surgery due to kind of cultural pressures related to purity or Virginity.

However, all the medical examinations should be more evidence based, ethical and victim-centered along with a commitment of Scientific accuracy.

ROLE OF AYURVEDA :-

While modern medical examinations for sexual assault are mainly focused on collecting Forensic evidences (like DNA samples, documenting injuries etc) Ayurveda emphasizes more on holistic health including physical, mental and emotional well-being.You can say it is more focused on recovery and healing which is equally important.

Ayurveda is centered around restoring balance in the body and mind after trauma. This may include:

Panchakarma Procedures like (oil massage), shirodhara ( oil dropping on the forehead) and shehana (internal and external oleation) for calming the nervous system.

Topical applications of healing herbs, for any physical injuries.

Since trauma often leads to vata imbalance (linked to fear, anxiety and instability), grounding practices and warm and nourishing food would be recommended.

Herbs like ashwagandha, brahmi etc. manage stress, anxiety and depression.

Sattvavajaya Chikitsa is done for psychological well-being through spiritual practices.

Meditation and Pranayama are some of the best techniques for calming the mind and promoting mental clarity.

CONCLUSION:-

As sexual assault is becoming a major issue now-a-days, each and every individual of this world should aware about these cases. It not only brings physical, mental, and behavioural changes to the survivor but also left some untreatable scars behind. So providing compassionate medical care with consideration of the survivor's helps to rebuild boundaries and consent should be the utmost priority of a medical practitioner. Every step taken with compassion, patience and respect helps rebuild the power, trust and control after a profound violation. Actually it's the survivor's right to be treated with dignity.

Thank you so much for reading this blog . Stay tuned with hungry researchers for more such interesting articles.

"May the Force be with you"

- Bhagyashree Mohapatra

SIR CV RAMAN: Messenger from heaven for the scientific society of India

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Thu, 29 Feb 2024 15:37:00 +0000

It is an absolute matter of pride, when your country name praised loud in the greatest stage of world. The happiness multiplied many times when you are leading the world from the front as a path finder. Sir CV Raman is one of those who raises the level of Triranga many times with his magnificent achievements.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman also known as C.V.Raman was born on 7th November 1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Madras Presidency of British India in a Brahmin family.He was the first Asian to setup a milestone in the history of physics by getting Noble prize in Physics.He was a very sassy child, completed his secondary and higher secondary education from Saint Aloysius Anglo Indian High school at the age of 13 and topped the bachelors degree examination at very young age of 16 from the University of Madras with honours in physics from Presidency College simultaneously published his research paper in 1906 on diffraction of life and published his second paper in same journal in 1907 on surface tension on liquid.

After completing his master is he was invited to join Indian finance service in Kolkata as assistant accounting general . He had not any PhD degree still he was appointed as palit professor in University of Calcutta.In 1921 he visited oxford to deliver a lecture at the Congress of University of the British Empire he hade earned quiet a reputation by then and his host were Noble laureate JJ Thomson and lord rutherford.

While traveling to the Europe he observed blue color of Mediterranean sea,he was aware with the Rayleigh Experiments but not totally agree,so while returning he used Polaroid Nicol prism and concluded that it's not just the reflection of sky on the sea it is the diffraction of light from the subatomic particles of an element which give it a specific color.He published his journal on Nature . On 28 February 1928 today this day is celebrated as national science day, due to his discovery of Raman effect British government honoured him with the title of Sir CV Raman in 1929 later on that effect is known as Raman effect and for this he was awarded by noble prize In 1930 and Bharat Ratna by Indian government.

His discovery had a great contribution in the field of quantum mechanics, chemistry and medical also .Raman effect used in detecting bomb and illegal substances,in detection of cancerous cell in brain .one of hismost famous statement is I AM THE MASTER OF MY FAILURE,IF I NEVER FAIL HOW WILL I EVER LEARN and he really proved this.

Sir CV Raman did his maximum work during the time when India was ruled by the British, despite a lack of exposure and infrastructure, he managed to achieve great heights barefoot. He was a very down-to-earth person, and his love for his country can be seen in his attire. In his lifetime, he was associated with many prestigious institutes like IISC, Bangalore. Under his guidance, many budding scientists blossomed and filled the scientific world with their sweet fragrances. Vikram Sarabhai and Homi Bhabha also belonged to that garden. stay tuned with Hungry Researcher for more such information.

Pooja Sharma

"The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

But I have promises to keep,

and miles to go before I sleep."

- Robert Frost

Agni: a tale of fire in reference to Ayurveda

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Tue, 27 Feb 2024 02:31:00 +0000

Introduction

Acharya Karma-Marichi of natural and distorted Pitta said that the fire that resides under the Pitta in the body, being angry or not angry (healthy), is the one who performs auspicious and inauspicious actions in the body, such digestion of food, non-digestion, seeing with eyes., not seeing,temperature being normal in the body, presence of natural colors (forms)like Gaura-Krishna in the body and presence of unnatural (unnatural)colors, bravery (valour), fear (fear), anger, joy, attachment.Fire is represented by Agni in the living body. Physical fire cooks burns transform the structure of matter changes the properties of matter in the physical world Agni present in the body in the form of pitta digest ingested food help in absorption of digestive materials and transform digestive food into body entities.

Synonyms of Agni: Tejas / Teja / Tejo Bhuta / Tejo Mahabhuta / Tejo MahabhutaVahni/Agni Tatva/anala

AGNI IN NATURE

वायोः अग्नि ः

Agni or fire is created from vayu (air). There is chronology of formation of the five elements in nature according to Indian philosophical books.According to this the first element to be formed this Aakash or space orsky or ether.

Thus the whole creation take place from shunya that is zero or empty space from Aakash vayu is created.Vayu will have components of Aakash it's predecessor in it. Vayu will create Agni fire this Agni will have the components of its parents that is vayu and Akash from Agni jala or water is created.

Vayu has gati movements and we have seen that movements can produce heat of fire. This is to tell that movement create hit or fire when we rub two things against each other we cause movement of friction and this internal produces heat or fire.

PROPERTIES OF AGNI

Tej or Agni has the properties of Roop( sight,vision) and perspective is anatural property of agni Sparsh is inherited from its predecessor vayu. Thus we tell that vayu manufactures Agni and leaves its component in agni.Anything which processes the property of roop and sparsha is said to be agni On the other hand it also true that anything which has roop and sparsh quality embedded in it /them poses agni or tej in them.

The sign of (existence) of Teja or Agni Tatva (Fire factor) is the presence of Ushnata (Heat) i.e. Heat explains the presence of fire. The Ushnata is naturally present in Agni. Thus when we experience heat on touch we immediately imagine or get the knowledge of Agni.

CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF AGNI

The conversion of food substances are different levels in various ways till they ultimately become tissue of body is brought about by Agni. It means without Agni there is no tissue building no life. Living body is a product of Nutrition the human body is made up those dhaatu and Mala ,which is known as sharir dravya where is the source for the substances which are the external ones. Since the tissues of body are not exactly similar to the substances the later must be converted in such a manner that they are absorbed into the system to reach every cells of the body and that they become completely mast with the body tissue.

TYPES OF AGNI

In Ayurveda there are 13 types of Agni classified into the following threelarge groups.

1-JATHRAGNI

2 BHUTAGNI-5

3-DHATVAGNI-7

1-JATHRAGNI

Digestive fire is called Jathara Agni and it is the most important compared to all other Agnis. It mainly resides around the navel between the stomachand intestines. This fire digests food very quickly with its heat. This fire breaks whatever we eat into small pieces and makes them suitable for the body. Jathra Agni helps in keeping all the other Agnis active. The first change in the food we eat is done by the digestive fire. After that it further changes into other forms. To perform all these tasks, it is very importantfor Agni to be in a balanced state. There can be four stages of gastritis.

There are four variations in digestive fire

Vishamagni: This type of Agni changes between digesting food quickly and slowly. When this Agni is affected by the Vata Dosha, it creates different types of udargata roga.

Tikshnagni: Tikshnagni means very quick/very sharp/very fast. Tikshnagni is a state of very quick digestion of food, regardless of the type of food. Acharya Shushrut states that when the power of digestion is increasedfrom normal to above normal, food digests very quickly and produces hunger or the desire for food. When food is digested, the throat, the mouth cavity and the lips become dry with a burning sensation. This condition is known as “Bhasmak Roga” according to Ayurveda.

Samagni: The Samagni digests and assimilates food properly at the proper time. This thus increases the quality of the Dhatus (supportive tissues ofthe body). Persons having Samagni are always hale and healthy.

Mandagni: “Mand” means slow. The meaning of the Mandagni is slow digestive power or digestive capacity. Those who are having Mandagni eat very little and are unable to digest the smallest amount of food. Dhanvantri

says that Agni digests the least amount of food in the greatest amount of

time.

2-BHUTAGNI

Bhutagni is the one that is present in a basic element (Bhutas). There are five Agnis in each of the five basic elements, namely – Parthiva (earth), Apya (water), Tejas (Agni), Vayavya (vayu) and Nabhasa (akash).Each and every cell in our body is composed of the five mahabhutas orfive basic elements. Naturally, each cell (dhatu paramanu) consists of these five Bhutagni also. All the nutrients in this world that we eat also consist of the same five basic elements with their respective Agni or bioenergies. Thus, they are completely similar with respect to the five basic elements with their Bhutagni in our body cells as well in all the outside nutrient, that we ingest for the nutrition of our body. Acharya Charak has mentioned that the five Bhutagni digest their own part of the element present in the food materials. After the digestion of food by the Bhutagni, digested materials containing the elements and qualities similar to each bhutas nourish their own specific bhautika elements of the body (Cha. Chi.15/13, 14).[21] These Bhutagnis act after the Jatharagni present in the stomach and duodenum, acting on the food and causing their disintegration. In the modern physiological perspective, the action of Jatharagni can be equated with the digestion in the stomach and duodenum, and the action of the Bhutagni can be equated with the conversion of digested materials in the liver.

3-DHATVAGNI

Dhatu meaning Tissue and Agni meaning Fire.Thus Dhatvagni means the fire which is located inside the tissue. This fire acts on the nutritive part they receive and convert them into finer components.

The components thus formed after the action of Dhatvagni on the food (incirculation) help in the formation of the same tissue, nourishes the next tissue in sequence, produce energy and tissue toxins or waste components which are meant to be expelled.

Thus, Dhatvagnis are the functional or physiological fire's related to the 7 dhatu's or tissues of the body and denotes regular operations taking place at the cellular level.

Dhatvagnis are 7 in number: Rasa Dhatvagni (fire in the plasma tissue) Rakta Dhatvagni (fire in the blood tissue) Mamsa Dhatvagni (fire in the muscle or flesh tissue)

Meda Dhatvagni (fire in the fat or adipose tissue)

Asthi Dhatvagni (fire in the bone tissue) Majja Dhatvagni (fire in the bone

marrow tissue)

Shukra Dhatvagni (fire in the semen or reproductive tissue)

If Jataragni is normally functioning, the Dhatvagnis also function normally in accordance.

If the Jataragni is hyper-active, the Dhatvagnis also will be hyper-active. This leads to tissue depletion (dhatu kshaya).

On the other hand, if the Jataragni is weak the Dhatvagni too will be weak. This depleted Dhatvagni will not be capable enough to metabolize the nutrients available at their disposal. There is an accumulation of unprocessed food (ama), improperly processed and formed dhatu and toxins in the cells of the tissue.

This will cause cellular blocks as the sticky ama cannot be expelled. As a result, the nutrition to the body tissues will reduce leading to weakening of tissue compliance and leading to weakening of tissue compliance and immunity. This leads to formation of various systemic diseases. In this condition the quantity and mass of the tissues will increase (dhatu vriddhi). Dhatu vriddhi and Dhatu kshaya - both are pathological conditions.

In the Dhatu's while the Bhutagnis are involved in digesting and micro-processing the fractions of food which are confined to them, Dhatvagnis are involved in utilizing the food portions in a different way.

With the help of self-generated heat, the Dhatvagnis digest and process themselves in a process called Dhatvagni paka and also on the fractionsprovided after the action of Bhutagnis. This process leads to the formation of 2 fractions i.e. Sara Bhaga or Prasada Bhaga (Nutrient part) and Kitta Bhaga (Tissue Wastes).

The Prasada Bhaga once again gets divided into 3 fragments. The first portion forms the Sthanika Dhatu (Local tissue) or nourishes it. The second portion forms the Poshaka Dhatu (The supporting tissue or tissue responsible in the formation of its subsequent dhatu). The third portion helps in the formation of Upadhatus (sub-tissues).

The Kitta Bhaga gets eliminated as tissue wastes and is finally eliminated from the body after joining the main metabolic wastes of digestion.

During Dhatupaka process heat and energy is liberated which is used for body functions.

Functions:

Dhatvagni when in normal condition helps in the formation of tissues and takes part in their nourishment and maintenance. It also helps in the formation of Upadhatus, heat and energy and causes elimination of tissue toxins

When Disturbed:

When Dhatvagnis get diminished or get sluggish (weak), the dhatu's accumulate along with toxins and cause pathological increase in the Dhatu's (Dhatu Vriddhi). When the Dhatvagnis get increased (vitiated, aggravated), the Dhatu's are burnt and undergo deterioration or get destroyed (Dhatu Kshaya).

Both these conditions lead to the formation of various diseases. Moreover, the tissue toxins are not eliminated, the Upadhatus are not properly formed, the consequent tissues are not properly formed, the consequent tissues are not properly formed and thus the immunity and strength get decreased making one susceptible for a wide array of health issues.

Agni as Pitta?

The origin of Pitta is from "Tapa," which means: (1) combustion/digestion –to give nourishment to the body by digestion of in- gested food, (2) to maintain heat - by means of heat, it maintains the color, lusture, etc. of the body (Su.Su.-21/5).[7]

Now, there is a question as to whether Pitta and Agni are both the same or are different? Does any area exist of Agni without Pitta, or is it that Pitta is Agni? This should be clearly understood. Different views have been suggested regarding Pitta and Agni by different Acharyas. Some Acharyas consider Pitta to be Agni while others speak differently.

According to Acharya Sushruta, there is no existence of any other Agni in the body with- out Pitta, because when there is increased di- gestion and combustion in the body due to Ushna guna of Pitta, the treatment is like Agni (Su. Su. 21/09).[8] Acharya Marichi has also emphasized that the Agni present in the Pitta gives good or bad results when it is nor- mal or vitiated (Cha. Su. 12/11).[2]

Chakrapani has commented on "Pittantargatta," that the function of Pitta in- side the body is not combustion but its work is to provide heat of Agni. Besides this, Acharya Shusrut has described five types of Agnis as the variety of Pitta. Acharya Bhoj also considered Pitta as Agni, digestive fire is Vincluded within Agni, which is specially meant for different enzymatic activities of the body, i.e. pachana, deepan, bhedana, etc. (Chakrapani Tika on Cha.Su.-12/11).[10]

Stay hungry and stay foolish.

Pooja Sharma

Ayurveda and surgery: Just an overview

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Fri, 19 Jan 2024 17:28:00 +0000

Nowadays, surgery has become a common household treatment all over the world. Surgery has come a long way from being a scary experience for people to being the first option they choose. we are now unknown about some information like what is the first surgery conducted and who was responsible for the invention of this new type of treatment.

Medical Science in many terms becomes one of the life saving procedure in this transient world and surgery is the most important and most valuable gift of medical Science for life. Surgery is a medical procedure in which physicaly a practioner reached to the diseased place to dignose or to treat. It involves the cutting of body tissues or organs to treat a disease, injury, or deformity with the help of different instruments, so that in ayurveda Surgery is also called as Shastra karma. In early days surgery was more vulnerable towards body. By the time passed it evolves itshelf in many safety aspects. Invention of many instruments and surgery procedure made surgery more comfortable, risk free and very wide in application.

Importance of Surgery

Surgery is a crucial medical procedure that is utilized to treat various diseases and conditions. The benefits of surgery are numerous and significant. Firstly, surgery can be used to treat life-threatening conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and severe injuries. Secondly, it can enhance the quality of life by treating chronic conditions like arthritis or correcting physical abnormalities. Thirdly, some surgeries can prevent future health problems from developing, such as prophylactic mastectomy. Fourthly, surgery can be used to diagnose certain conditions like cancer or tumors. Lastly, surgical procedures often involve research and development, leading to advancements in medical knowledge and technology. In conclusion, surgery plays a vital role in modern medicine and is an essential tool for treating a wide range of conditions and improving patient outcomes.

Some examples surgery

There are various types of surgery, including:

1. General Surgery: This type of surgery involves procedures that treat a wide range of conditions, such as appendicitis, hernias, and gallbladder problems.

2. Orthopedic Surgery: This type of surgery deals with the musculoskeletal system, including bones, muscles, joints, and ligaments. Common orthopedic procedures include joint replacements, fracture repairs, and spine surgeries.

3. Neurosurgery: This type of surgery focuses on the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurosurgeons perform procedures such as brain tumor removals, spinal cord surgeries, and deep brain stimulation for conditions like Parkinson's disease.

4. Cardiothoracic Surgery: This type of surgery deals with the heart, lungs, and other organs in the chest. Common procedures include coronary artery bypass surgery, heart valve repair or replacement, and lung cancer surgeries.

5. Plastic Surgery: This type of surgery involves procedures that alter or improve the appearance of a person's body. Examples include breast augmentation, facelifts, and liposuction.

6. Gynecological Surgery: This type of surgery involves procedures that treat conditions related to the female reproductive system, such as hysterectomies and ovarian cyst removals.

7. Urological Surgery: This type of surgery deals with conditions related to the urinary tract and male reproductive system. Common procedures include kidney stone removals, prostate surgeries, and bladder cancer surgeries.

8. Ophthalmic Surgery: This type of surgery focuses on the eyes and includes procedures like cataract surgery and corneal transplants.

Sushruta

You will feel proud after listening the fact that Surgery was originated from India itshelf . Maharsi Sushruta was the person who introduced surgery to medical treatment. The actual meaning of word sushruta is famous or renowned, as per his name he gained maximum popularity through surgery. In past times it was very common to cut someones nose and ear as a result of punishment, Maharsi Sushruta refurbished them with the help of skin from forehead and here comes the invention of plastic surgery. He used wine as anesthesia, leeches as anticoagulant. He invented many instruments for surgery that they have still major relevance in modern days. In sushruta Samhita there are more than 300 major surgery procedures described thoroughly.

Here are some categoration of surgery by Sushruta:

Chinna - Complete severance of a part or whole of a limb

Bhinna - Deep injury to some hollow region by a long piercing object

Viddha Prana - Puncturing a structure without a hollow

Kshata - Uneven injuries with signs of both Chinna and Bhinna, i.e., laceration

Pichchita - Crushed injury due to a fall or blow

Ghrsta - Superficial abrasion of the skin.

we will discuss more about Sushruta and Samhita in coming blogs. This is absolutely not sufficient amount of information about Sushruta and his copendium.

Revival of Ayurvedic surgery

The revival of Ayurvedic surgery (Shalya Tantra / Shalakya Tantra) began around two decades before the establishment of CCIM in 1971. Banaras Hindu University (BHU) played a significant role in this revival by teaching both western medicine and Ayurveda under the same roof at the Institute of Medical Sciences. Prof. KN Udupa and Prof. PJ Deshpande, who were products of earlier Ayurveda College that awarded AMS degrees in BHU, were pioneers in shaping this unique institute. Although they were from the stream of Ayurveda, they received surgical training from the University of Michigan, USA and Vienna Academy of Medicine, Austria respectively. These universities welcomed them and trained them well in surgery. These teachers later even trained the students of initial batches of MBBS in BHU. This environment allowed many Ayurveda Vaidyas to learn modern surgery under the direct supervision and training of these professors and also from the professors of western surgery in the 1950s and 60s. Many of these trained Vaidyas dispersed across India and started teaching surgery in various Ayurveda colleges. Therefore, most established surgeons from Ayurveda have their connections with BHU either directly or indirectly. Another stream of Ayurveda Vaidyas who acquired western surgical skills was from Maharashtra, primarily from Pune.

This blog is not enough to describe surgery, ayurved and Sushruta. I will definitely post a series of content about it. If you have any suggestions regarding this topic you can contact me through hungryresearcher50@gmail.com . Stay tuned with Hungry Researcher for more such blogs.

Hungry and Foolish

Karl Landsteiner: Pioneering Immunologist and Discoverer of Blood Groups

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 02:57:00 +0000

Introduction:

In the annals of medical science, there are certain individuals whose groundbreaking discoveries have forever transformed our understanding of the human body. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian immunologist and pathologist, stands among these illustrious figures. His revolutionary work in the early 20th century not only laid the foundation for modern transfusion medicine but also earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930. Landsteiner's most notable achievement was the discovery of blood groups, a pivotal breakthrough that has saved countless lives and continues to shape medical practices to this day.

Early Life and Education:

Karl Landsteiner was born on June 14, 1868, in Baden bei Wien, Austria. He came from a family with a strong scientific background, as his father was a renowned journalist and his mother was the daughter of a physician. Fascinated by the natural world from an early age, Landsteiner pursued his academic interests at the University of Vienna, where he studied medicine and graduated in 1891. He subsequently trained in pathology and worked under prominent physicians, honing his skills and laying the groundwork for his future contributions to the field of immunology.

The Discovery of Blood Groups:

In the early 1900s, blood transfusions were becoming increasingly common as a medical procedure. However, there were frequent instances of severe adverse reactions, sometimes leading to death. Landsteiner was determined to uncover the underlying cause of these reactions and find a solution to prevent them. Through meticulous experimentation and observation, he made a seminal breakthrough in 1901 when he identified and classified the ABO blood groups.

Landsteiner discovered that blood cells from different individuals could agglutinate or clump together when mixed, but only when certain combinations were present. He identified the presence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which he named A and B. Landsteiner's research revealed that individuals could possess either type A antigens, type B antigens, both (type AB), or neither (type O). This groundbreaking finding led to the establishment of the ABO blood typing system, which forms the basis for blood transfusion compatibility and forensic investigations to this day.

Significance and Impact:

Landsteiner's discovery of the ABO blood groups was a monumental achievement that revolutionized medical practices worldwide. By identifying the compatibility of different blood types, doctors could now perform safer and more successful blood transfusions. This breakthrough not only saved countless lives on the operating table but also provided a profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune responses.

Landsteiner's work also had profound implications for forensic science. Blood typing became an essential tool in criminal investigations, as it allowed for the identification of suspects and the exclusion of innocent individuals based on blood stains left at crime scenes. This application of Landsteiner's research played a crucial role in many high-profile criminal cases, cementing the significance of his contribution beyond the medical field.

Beyond Blood Groups: Rh Factor and Other Contributions:

Landsteiner's influence extended far beyond the realm of blood groups. In 1937, he made another groundbreaking discovery when he identified the Rh factor, an additional antigen found on red blood cells. This finding further expanded our understanding of blood transfusion compatibility and played a vital role in preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn, a condition in which a mother's immune system attacks the red blood cells of her Rh-positive fetus.

Apart from his work on blood groups and the Rh factor, Landsteiner made several other notable contributions to immunology. He conducted extensive research on the immune response to diseases such as polio and syphilis, advancing our understanding of these conditions and paving the way for future treatments and vaccines. His investigations into the mechanism of autoimmune diseases and the role of antibodies in immunity also laid the foundation for further research in these areas.

Legacy and Recognition:

Karl Landsteiner's groundbreaking discoveries and contributions to medical science earned him numerous accolades and honors. In 1930, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries of the ABO blood groups and the Rh factor, recognizing the immense impact of his research. Landsteiner's work not only transformed transfusion medicine but also paved the way for the field of immunology as a whole, establishing him as one of the founding fathers of modern immunology.

Today, Landsteiner's name is synonymous with the life-saving practice of blood transfusion. His work continues to shape medical education, with students around the world learning about the ABO blood groups and the importance of matching blood types to ensure safe transfusions. The impact of Landsteiner's research extends far beyond his own lifetime, as his discoveries have become an integral part of medical practice and have undoubtedly saved countless lives.

Conclusion:

Karl Landsteiner's discoveries in the field of immunology, particularly his identification of blood groups, have had an indelible impact on medical science. Through his meticulous research and groundbreaking insights, Landsteiner not only revolutionized blood transfusion practices but also laid the foundation for the field of immunology as a whole. His work continues to shape medical education and has become an integral part of medical practice, ensuring safer transfusions and aiding forensic investigations. Karl Landsteiner's contributions to the scientific community will forever be remembered as a testament to human curiosity, perseverance, and the pursuit of knowledge for the betterment of humanity.

Prayag Ranjan Sahoo

Astang Ayurved:Branches of Ayurveda

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Thu, 29 Jun 2023 10:52:00 +0000

Ayurveda treatment procedure which was developed thousand years ago, the whole meaning of ayurved is knowledge of life. To simplify the treatment, Ayurved is divided into 8 branches. Let's discuss the classification in ayurved.

Before entering into the main discussion we should gather some knowledge of Ayurved. In this blog we will come across many slokas so calm your heart and enjoy the discussion with all senses.

हिता हितं सुखं दुःखं आयुतस्य हिता हितं

मानं च तत् च यक्त्रोक्तं आयुर्वेद स उचते .

The shastra in which there is description about the 4 types of Ayu that is Hitayu, Ahitayu, sukhayu, Dukhayu is called ayurved. It was believed that ayurved was descended from heaven. It is meant for the treatment of people from various diseases and help to fulfil one of the greatest aims in life i.e. long and healthy life.

आयु: काम्य मानेन धर्मार्थ सुख साधनम् , आयुर्वेद उपदेशेषु बिधेय परमादर.

Dharm, Money, desire and moksha are four important aspects and aim in human life to achieve these things a man should have long and healthy life and ayurved's advice are the important requirement for a long and healthy life. In my blog named 'Medical science from Acharya' I explained about the origin and the greatness of ayurved. A thousand years ago we are more developed than the modern world without having modern instruments. We mastered the art of medicine and surgery. What is the purpose of ayurved?

स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ रक्षण°, आतुरस्य बिकार प्रसमन° च.

The purpose of any medical procedure is to treat the patient when they are affected by disease but here ayurved purpose is something different, the main and first purpose of Ayurved is to protect the healthy life of patient, then after if the patient became affected then it apply its next rule that is the treatment of the victim. From the first purpose of ayurved we can conclude that prevention is better than cure. To simplify ayyrved and to emphasise on special zones ayurveda shastra classified into 8 branches.

काय बाल ग्रह ऊर्ध्वान्ग शल्य दम्ष्टा जरा वूषान्

अष्टावन्गानि तस्याहुश्चिकित्सा येषु संश्रिता .

Kaya(general medicine), Bala or kaumara bhaiya(paediatrics), Graha(psychology), shalakya, Shalya(surgery), Jara or Rasayan, Agadatantra, Vajikarana Tantra( Reproductive Medicine) are the divisions in which Ayurved was divided. Let's discuss one by one about all the divisions.

Kaya chikitsa

Kaya means body, so the general treatment through medication of the body is called kaya chikitsa. This includes treatment through general medicines of metabolic error and systematic error. The meaning of the word Kaya is antaragni also. The agni which regulates all body functions including metabolism and other energy conversion reactions is called Kaya. The balanced state of agni controls all body functions smoothly but the deviated state creates many diseases. So the treatment or the procedure to balance the state of agnis is called kaya chikitsa. Maharsi Charaka is the most famous personality in Kaya chikitsa. Charaka is also known as the father of medicine.

Bala chikitsa Or kaumarabhritya

The meaning of Bala or koumara in Sanskrit is children here children refers to the individuals under the age of 16. Maharsi Kashyap's copendium regarded as the greatest samhita in Kaumarabhritya branch. It can be related to the modern paediatrics department of allopathy. It deals with in depth knowledge about nourishment of children, breast feeding of mother, child health after delivery also deals with the diseases occuring in children.

Graha chikitsa

Graha chikitsa deals with the diseases which do not have certain obvious cause of the disease. In simplified version it is the ayurvedic psychology which focuses mainly on psychological and psychiatric aspect if health and well-being.Graha chikitsa is also called manas chikitsa because it's treatment directly affects to the mind. Graha chikitsa heals disease from its root. The treatment includes meditation, yoga, massage, shirodhara and panchakarma.

Urdhwanga chikitsa or shalakya tantra

Urdhwanga word consists of two words Urdha and Anga, it means the body parts above the clavicle bone are called as Urdhwanga. The treatment of Urdhwanga is called Urdhwanga chikitsa or shalakya tantra. It includes organs like eyes, nose, ears, lip, central nervous system, skull, throat, brain etc. This branch is further divided into different departments like netra chikitsa, karna chikitsa etc. There are clear references from sushruta samhita in urdhwanga chikitsa.

Shalya tantra

Shalya tantra or we can say surgery originated in ancient India. Ancient Indian sage Maharsi Sushruta recognized globally as father surgery. When in Western surgery became popular at that time rhinoplasty was practised in India. Shalya tantra deals with the surgical aspect of treatment. In some cases when Kaya chikitsa fail doctors advices to shalya department. Shalya tantra is regarded as one of the best department in ayurved. Shalya tantra also introduced many instruments, shastras, alkalis that were used in surgery. Shusrut samhita explains more than 300 type of operations, 42 types surgeries with 125 types devices.

Damstra chikitsa Or Agada tantra

Agada tantra in Ayuved is same as modern toxicology department. In early time before modernization people regularly came across many poisonous thing trough dog and snake like animal biting or through any food. To regulate the poisonous activity in our body and to use poison in treatment purpose agada tantra department was introduced. It includes poisons like swabhabik visa(natural poison), kritrim visha(artificial) and samayog vishas(combination of poison). A school of toxicology was established by vridha kashyapa. Ayurved always try to ensure balanced body composition and Damstra chikitsa ensures it.

Jara chikitsa Or Rasayan chikitsa

Jara chikitsa mainly focuses on youth to keep their period long, healthy, juvinating and fruitful. Jara chikitsa in others can be called an anti-ageing method, the process through which ageing can be prevented, intelligence can be improved and long lasting immunity can be achieved is called jara chikitsa. It can be achieved by Ausasadh rasayan, Ahara rasayan and Achara rasayan.

Vrsha Or vajikarana chikitsa

With the advancement of environment and irregular lifestyle many sexual diseases and sterility are increasing day by day, to counter the problems there are sufficient treatments present under the branch vrsha chikitsa. In vajikarana it include treatment for virility, potency, strength, excitability, techniques, regimen, diet, herbal medicines, and treatments to take care of reproductive organs, and diseases such as sexual dysfunctions, infertility, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction.

Stay tuned with hungry researcher for more such interesting topics.

Hungry and Foolish

Curie Family: Richest Family in terms of Nobel Medals

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Thu, 08 Jun 2023 18:17:00 +0000

In this series of Nobel Prize discussions we are adding a new article today. Here we are going to discuss a rich family not in terms of wealth and land but in terms of knowledge, achievement and their contribution to the society. Let’s start the discussion.

The family about whom we are talking is none other than the Curie family. This prestigious family has 5 Nobel laureates. They had succeeded in Nobel physics, Nobel Chemistry, even the Nobel peace Prize also. Here are the names of the member of the family two times Nobel laureate and renowned scientist Marie Curie, her husband French physicist Pierre Curie, their elder daughter and son in law Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie, younger daughter and son in law Ève Curie and Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr.. Let’s discuss them one by one.

Coming to the most famous and relatively major member of the Curie family Marie Curie, her real name is Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie she preserved her parenthood name after her marriage also. She was a two time Nobel Prize winner. She was the first woman to win the Nobel, first scientist who won Nobel in two different branches, first laureate to win Nobel twice. In her first Nobel she shared the Nobel with her husband Pierre Curie and physicist Henri Becquerel for the research on Radioactivity, term radioactivity also coined by Madam Curie. They are the first couple who jointly won the Nobel Prize. After the death of Pierre Curie, Marie carried their research work single handedly; she won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of two elements Polonium and Radium. Her research eventually leads her into becoming a diseased person. Maximum exposure to radioactive substances caused aplastic anaemia eventually leading to death. Pierre Curie was a magnificent physicist that he spread his researches in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. He was the inventor of piezoelectric quartz electrometers. He is popularly known for Radioactivity, Curie’s law, Curie's principle, Curie constant, Curie temperature and Curie-Weiss law. Both the Curies experienced radium burns, both accidentally and voluntarily and were exposed to extensive doses of radiation while conducting their research.

Next couple is Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie; they hyphenated their surnames after their marriage. Irène was a chemist, physicist and politician. Marie Curie developed a mobile radio active emitter for the immediate X-ray of war injuries, Irene assisted her mother as a nurse in the war field, and here she gathered much scientific and medical knowledge. Frederic was appointed as the assistant of Marie Curie in Radium Institute. He fell in love with her daughter and they married in 1926. They both believe in anti war and peace ideologies. Irene delivered many speeches for world peace and she was also a front line feminist who fought for the involvement of women in scientific research institutes. They won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of Induced radioactivity. They were the second couple to win a Nobel jointly like their parents. They also chose the same fortune and death like their parents. Irene’s death happened due to leukaemia which was due to accidental exposure to radioactive polonium. Frederic’s death was due to liver problems and the reasons were over exposure to radioactive substances. Five Nobel medals from one family made them the record holder of a rare record. That record is still alive.

This Does not end the Curie family’s magnificent legacy but here changes their categories. After the interesting scientific ride in the article, here started the story of Curie family’s literature and administration journey. The next couple is their youngest daughter and son in law. Ève Denise Curie Labouisse, younger daughter of the Curie couple did not know her father, who passed away in a street accident. After his death Marie was forced for the upbringing of their children herself. In later life Eve confessed that she lacked sufficient attention from her mother which led to their strong bond between them in her teens. She was more attracted to literature than science and maths. She was an author, journalist and war reporter. She was famous for his book Madam Curie and Journey among warriors. Her husband Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr. completes the legacy of five winners from one family. He was the executive director of UNICEF when UNICEF won the Nobel peace Prize. He was also the representative of UNICEF to collect the medal. Eve also worked for UNICEF and she was often called “the first lady of UNICEF”. Stay tuned with hungry researcher for more such information.

Hungry and Foolish

Nobel Prize winners From India

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Tue, 06 Jun 2023 18:23:00 +0000

A person or organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Prize laureate. Let’s know about the Indian whom World recognized as Nobel Laureates, who brightens the sky with their knowledge, thoughts and researches.

Rabindranath Tagore (1913)

Rabindranath Tagore is widely famous for many reasons but he is famous among the Indians irrespective of ages as the writer of our national anthem. Rabindranath Tagore a Bengali poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter never failed to proud us as an Indian in several global stages. He was also a freedom fighter; despite his political arguments with Mahatma Gandhi they had mutual respect between them. He won Nobel Prize in 1913 in the category of literature for timeless book Gitanjali (Song offerings). A devotional book consists of 157 poems translated in English in 1912. Nobel committee quoted "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West" The Nobel committee recognized him as "an author who, in conformity with the express wording of Alfred Nobel's last will and testament, had during the current year, written the finest poems «of an idealistic tendency."

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1930)

He was the first Nobel laureate from Asia in the branch of science; he studied and developed his knowledge in India despite less exposure and facilities in his time when people used to travel to foreign countries for higher studies. He performed an important role in most of the scientific development in pre and post independent India. He ignited the fire of science in many students through IACS and Raman Research centre. He also founded Indian Academy of Sciences. He successfully mentored hundreds of successful scientist during his life time. He was the first person to receive the highest civilian award of India that is Bharat Ratna. Among all of his achievements he was mostly famous for his study in the field of scattering. He used to measure his readings with spectrograph which was developed by him. He and his student K. S. Krishnan discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, the deflected light changes its wavelength and frequency. This phenomenon, a hitherto unknown type of scattering of light, which they called "modified scattering”, was subsequently termed the Raman Effect or Raman scattering. Raman Effect was discovered on 28^th February 1928, to remember this day and in the honour of CV Raman government announced this day as National science day.

Har Gobind Khorana (1968)

He was not awarded for India province because he shift to America and got the citizenship of America. Har Gobind Khorana an Indian American biochemist shared Nobel Prize with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley in the category of physiology or medicine for the discovery of order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell and control the cell's synthesis of proteins. He was born in Raipur, Punjab in British India and then shifted to England in 1945 for the study of organic chemistry with Government India Scholarship.

Teresa Bojaxhiu, M.C. (1979)

She was popularly known by the name Mother Teresa because of her charitable works. Her case is just opposite to the case of Har Gobind Khorana, he born in India then shifted to America where is Mother Teresa born in other country then shifted to India. Mother Teresa an Albanian-Indian nun was popular for her Missionaries of Charity. Her charity manages home for the victims who are dying in AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. He arranges food and medical facilities for poor people. According to the writer of her biography she was worshiped like deity in Calcutta by some People. She won 1979 Nobel Peace Prize for his charitable works.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983)

Indian – American theoretical physicist Subramanyan Chandrasekhar won Nobel laureate title in 1983 for the discovery and the theory of evolution of stars. In his theory he basically described about the fate and fortune of star. His theory was discarded and disrespected by several scientist in earlier time but after some years his theory accepted by everyone. Stephen hawking in his book of a brief history of time he mentioned about Chandrasekhar and his theory. He spent his professional life in America from 1953 to 1995.

Amartya Sen (1998)

Economist and philosopher Amartya Sen is the reason for many economical development in India in terms of Economics education and interest of students towards Economics. Since 1972 he has taught and worked in the United Kingdom and the United States. Sen has made contributions to welfare economics, social choice theory, economic and social justice, economic theories of famines, decision theory, development economics, public health, and measures of well-being of countries. Still now he is teaching in Harvard University at the age of 89 years. He won 1998 Nobel Economics science for the contribution to well fare Economics.

Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (2009)

Venki Ramakrishnan an Indian- British-American structural biologist shared his Nobel Prize with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for research on the structure and function of ribosomes. He was born in a Tamil speaking scientist family. His parents were also renowned scientists; from there he gained inspiration for research. He also served as 62^nd president of Royal society 2015 to 2020.

Kailash Satyrthi

A Modern Indian social reformer Kailash Satyrthi saved around 86,000 children from child labour and also a great supporter of Education for everyone. He is also the founder of several organisations like Bachpan Bachao Andolan, Global March against Child Labour, Global Campaign for Education, Kailash Satyarthi Children's Foundation, and Bal Ashram Trust. He is the co-recipient of Nobel peace prize along with Malala Yousafzai in 2014.

Abhijit Banerjee

Abhijit Banerjee won Nobel Prize for experimental approach to alleviating global poverty in 2019. He shared Nobel Prize with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer. He and his wife Esther Duflo are the 6^th couple who jointly won Nobel Prize.

Many Indian also got nominated for Nobel Prize but unfortunately they got rejected for some resons. Despite Nobel Prize being the greatest prize in world but it failed to measure the knowledge of many Indian. There contribution towards their fields will remember him always.

Hungry and Foolish

Answers covered for the questions:

Why national science day is observed?
Who is the first from India to win Nobel prize for science?
How many Indians won Nobel?
First Indian to win Nobel Economics?
Who is the first to win Nobel Prize from India?
Which Nobel Prize did V Ramakrishnan win?
Which 2 Indian scientists won Nobel Prize in physics?
Why did C.V. Raman get a Nobel Prize?
Why did Tagore get the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize: Greatest award in the world

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Mon, 05 Jun 2023 10:58:00 +0000

Every year during the month of September and October there are similar news headlines in the every corner of world that is the declaration of nominations and announcement of winners for Nobel Prize for that year. This news creates immense excitement in the world irrespective of age and country. Let’s discus about the award and the scientist whom world announced as the ‘Merchant of death’.

Overview

Let’s start the article with the ending line of first paragraph, for that we should have little knowledge about scientist Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born on 21 October 1833 into an engineering family in Stockholm, Sweden. He was a chemist, engineer, and industrialist, his maximum wealth was because of his 355 inventions. He had the expertise in making of smoke less explosives; he served his works to armed forces. Despite all of his inventions he was very much popular for his inventions of Dynamite. In those days dynamites were used in wars that results many deaths and injuries. Once he was astonished by reading his own death in a French news paper headlined as ‘The merchant of Death is dead’, actually it was Alfred's brother Ludvig who had died; the obituary was eight years premature. The article disconcerted Nobel and made him apprehensive about how he would be remembered. This article changed Nobel’s heart and forced him to work for humanity. In his will paper he mentioned about the award. The awards are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind."

Facts related to Nobel Prize

Presented by

Ø Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences)

Ø Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute (Physiology or Medicine)

Ø Swedish Academy (Literature)

Ø Norwegian Nobel Committee (Peace)

In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) funded the establishment of the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

Till now Nobel Prize awarded 615 times to 989 laureates and 27 organizations.

The prize money varies from year to year but it can be divided for only three people.

Only Nobel peace prize awarded in different country as per Alfred Nobel’s will.

This was awarded in 5 categories (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace) till 1968 then Economics science was included in this list.

Red Cross is the only organization which was awarded as 3 times for Nobel Prize.

Every year Nobel Prize awarded on 10th of December to remember the death anniversary of Nobel.

Alfred Nobel’s will

On 10 December 1896, Alfred Nobel died due to cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63 years. He wrote several wills during his lifetime. In his last will he described about the Nobel Prize. He wanted to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. He strictly wanted that Nobel peace prize would be given by Norwegian committee. Alfred Nobel donated his 94% of assets to create fund for Nobel Prize. The Nobel committees were made after the will was passed. The executors of the will, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of the fortune and to organize the awarding of prizes.

Nobel Prize is awarded in only six categories despite this Nobel Prize is unequivocally the best prize till now. Nobel laureates are getting a different level of respect and love from people all over the world. From making explosive for army to change of thought about world and humanity creates the most prestigious in the world, the award still now serving its purpose. The Journey of 123 years of Nobel Prize faced several controversies and criticism also, despite that it maintains its legacy in many terms, Nobel Prize also helping in the process of creating interest towards science and scientific researches in the world. Stay tuned with hungry researcher for more such scientific knowledge.

Hungry and Foolish

Answer covered for the question:

What was Nobel famous for?
What are the 7 Nobel Prizes?
Who started Nobel Prize?
On which day Nobel Prize is given?
Which country awarded Nobel Prize?
What is the highest award in the world?
How much money do you get for winning the Nobel Prize ?
How many Nobel Prize categories are there?

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Sun, 21 May 2023 08:34:00 +0000

Science is not for sale, it is for public service. This is the ideology of Sir J.c. Bose. Magnificent scientist with hundreds of discoveries and invention but had only one patent with his name. A strong opponent of patent system sir J.c. Bose did not care about his fame anytime.

Under the British rule India lost their many gems that can brightens the darkness, in the dark sky of British company some stars able to find their places successfully, Sir J.c. Bose is one of them. In the previous blog we had discussed about him that despite having a Natural science background how he was obsessed with modern physics and their calculation. Here we have the opportunity to discuss about his life, researches, achievements and ethics. Let’s experience his grace through his stories.

Early life

Sir J.C Bose was born in a Bengali kayasta family in Munsi ganj, Bengal presidency (presently in Bangladesh). His father was front worker of Brahma samaj and worked as civil servant with the title Deputy Magistrate and Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) in several places. Sending child to English medium school was a sign of aristocrat family in those days. Although that his father sent him to village vernacular school. He explained somewhere that the school did not have the discrimination mind set. A Muslim boy and a fisherman’s boy were his playmates, after the school his mother used to feed them all without any discrimination although she was an orthodox old fashioned lady. Due to this environment he was totally unaware of class system and confliction between Hindu and Muslim. He developed the love for nature from childhood and gathered many curiosities about nature. When he asked his father about his queries, his father used to tell that, he should find his own answers after completing the studies.

Education and qualification

Bose joined Hare school, followed by St. Xavier School for English learning. He passed the entrance of St. Xavier College, Kolkata. Here he met Jesuit Father Eugene Lafont, who played a significant role in developing his interest in natural sciences. He received BA from University of Calcutta. He wants to be a civil servant under British rule but his father wanted to build him as a scholar who would rule nobody but himself. He went to University of London to learn medicine but his health did not support his ambitions. Through some recommendation he got admission in Cambridge University to study natural science. Lord Rayleigh, Michael Foster, James Dewar, Francis Darwin, Francis Balfour, and Sidney Vines were his teachers who flourished his path for future.

Achievements

After graduating in science, he returned to India and was appointed professor of physical science at Presidency College, Calcutta. He builds his own school associated with a lab where he used to teach students science and performed many experiments in front of them to create interest towards science. In his laboratory he performed experiments and wrote letter to different eminent scientist. He was the first to tell that plants also have feelings and they give reaction to external stimuli. His curiosity towards physics leads him into new branch of science that is biophysics, so field of researches are Botany, Physics and Biophysics for him. Naming galvanometer as eye and wires as optic nerve implies his love towards biology. He was one of the pioneer researchers of Radio, He made different parts of radio, and he was the first to invent wireless transmission. Italian scientist Guglielmo Marconi taking information from Bose’s work he made commercial telegraphy of radio waves. Bose showed how the millimetre range wavelength microwaves could travel through the human body (of Lieutenant Governor Sir William Mackenzie), and over a distance 23 metres through two intervening walls where they trigger apparatus he had set up to ring a bell and ignited gunpowder in a closed room. Despite his ground breaking researches on wireless transmission Marconi got the Nobel Prize for wireless transmission. Nobelurate Sir Nevill Mott said Bose was about 60 years ahead of his time and had rightly predicted use of N-type and P-type semiconductors in the future. Response in the Living and Non-living and The Nervous Mechanism of Plant these two books of Bose considered to be greatest in the history of plant science.

Scientific ethics and Racism he faced

He was totally influenced by the ancient scientific development of India. He believed science should not be use for any commercial profit; this is only the service to people. He was a strong opposite to patent system. He had only one patent in his name for crescograph that also only due to the peer pressure. In a interview in Europe he refused to register his name in patent for wireless transmission telling Science is not for sale.

Despite his valuable research work on wireless transmission and semiconductor he was not able to got Nobel Prize because of the racism faced at that time for being Indian. He faced racism in his job while working as professor in presidency college, with his salary being much lower than that of British counterparts. Bose registered his protest by teaching without taking any salary for three years. After that they gave regular post with arrear of 3 year full salary.

He is considered as the father of science in Indian subcontinent for promoting science through his Bose institute. He served the institute as director till his death. He was knighted in 1917 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920. The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden was named after him. Stay tuned with hungry researcher for more such information.

Hungry and Foolish

Answers covered for the questions:

who is J C Bose ?
Was JC Bose nominated for Nobel Prize?
Which instrument is invented by JC Bose?
Who is the Father of 5G?
Who is the Father of science in India?
Why did not Bose get Nobel Prize?

Journey from other to another

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Fri, 19 May 2023 16:33:00 +0000

We all know science is a vast area contains many branches and much information. Now days a serious problem arises that is sticking to the own branch. Another problem is lack of curiosity which is very much danger for the scientific temperament. In this blog we are going to discus about some scientists who creates his own path in science due to their curiosity and enthusiasm.

From last 3 to 4 blogs we are discussing about ancient science and scientists here we are taking a bow to discuss about modern scientific era. Before I publish the history of that era I decided to discus about this interesting topic. Let’s find out what is the reason behind them that they did scientific research? The answer is quite obvious that is curiosity and enthusiasm. In earlier blog we had discussed about Hurdles in the path of science but missed a serious topic that is lacking of curiosity in upcoming generation. In history many inventions occurred due to the curiosity of scientist for example staring at the wave created in a pond Marconi invented radio wave transmission. Here we are going to discuss about scientists who did work in other field despite his different educational background.

The first scientist about whom we are going to discus is Satyendra nath bose . He was a famous Indian mathematicians and physicist. He graduates in mathematics honours from Presidency College, and then after he had done his M.sc. from Ashutosh Mukherjee's newly formed Science College. Despite his mathematics background he changed his path from mathematics to physics. He was co-discoverer of Bose-Einstein condensate. He also derived Planck's quantum radiation law in a paper without reference to classical physics. He also discovered Boson and referred as the father of God’s particle. He was awarded by the second highest civilian award of India Padma bibhusan. He was also a fellow of Royal society.

You must think SN Bose graduates from mixed mathematics, so how can he change his path? But next scientist about whom we are going to discuss he was a botanist but he had major contributions in physics also. He was none other than world famous botanist and physicist Jagdish Candra Bose. He was the first to tell that plants also have feelings and they give reaction to external stimuli. His curiosity towards physics leads him into new branch of science that is biophysics, so field of researches are Botany, Physics and Biophysics. He was the first to recognise and work on 5g wave. He invented crescograph for measuring growth in plant growth. Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose is the father of modern science in the Indian subcontinent. Despite his contributions and break throughs on wireless connectivity, the Nobel Prize in physics for wireless was awarded to Guglielmo Marconi in 1909. He was also a fellow of Royal society.

If I asked you who is the father of science? Then your answer must be different but the scientist whom I admire the most is Galileo Galilei. You must know his fight against church and struggle to unveil truth. He was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer but do you know about his qualifications? His father had sent him for medical degree but his immense love and curiosity towards physics lead him to different path. He left without finishing his degree. Seeing his contribution towards physics no one can say he had no qualification in physics.

Who is the father of biology and zoology? The answer is Aristotle. This answer may be surprising for some of you, but he was a pure scientist despite he was famous for his philosophy and political knowledge. His qualifications are in natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology and the arts. Despite he was a renowned philosopher his contribution towards science is phenomenal.

Phenomenal physicist who worked in different field of physics, inventor of compound microscope, first person to see cell for the first time, described many microorganisms but qualifications are very much different from his work. Apparently Hooke never took a bachelor's degree. The only Oxford degree associated with his name is the Master of Arts, to which he was nominated in 1663. Meanwhile, Oxford had given him more than a thousand degrees could match. His works were covered in architecture, astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, naval technology, and physics.

Can you believe a person with no formal education can publish different works on physics? Michael Faraday was that scientist about whom we are talking. He studied electromagnetism and electrochemistry and was completely self-taught. Being born the third of four children of a blacksmith just outside of London, England, he had no formal schooling beyond basic reading, writing, and math, and never went to college. He worked in a book binding factory and got curious towards physics during that time. Later he was appointed as assistant in a lab.

In this blog we discussed how curiosity and hunger for knowledge pull someone into different path eventually to different state and into a new successful life. Stay tuned with hungry researcher we are starting a new and exciting journey of modern science.

Hungry And Foolish

Chemical achievements in ancient India

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Thu, 18 May 2023 13:00:00 +0000

Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the nature, interaction, involvement of elements and compounds. We know who is the father of chemistry? Who gave which law of chemistry? But do we know about the magnificent achievement of ancient Indians in the field of chemistry?

We use chemical laws in our daily life be it washing a dirty shirt or preparing a glass of lemonade. Chemistry is associated with us in every second of life even when we are not doing anything. The whole living world survives in a simple chemical reaction that is photosynthesis. Chemical reactions govern our body functions. Chemistry is the reason for many natural phenomena. Building home to destruction of mountains with bombards use chemistry. Ok till now we have discussed the importance of chemistry, let’s have look at our ancient phenomenal works of chemistry in those days. Panch dhatu vishist natraj idol, asta dhatu vishist Nilachakra situated above srimandir indicates the use of metals in ancient India but before using metal in anything metal needs to be purifying from their ore; from this fact we can conclude that ancient Indians knew how to purify metal. Another example is rust free Iron pillar of Delhi which stands since thousands year: from which we can conclude that they knew about the stainless mechanisms. The used for temple making was another magnificent example of chemical solution. Let’s discuss about some Alchemist of ancient India.

A famous novel named THE ALCHEMIST showed that alchemy was the person who converts lead into gold. Ok this is only in story but do you know an Indian scientist did that in past which we call today is gold plating. The scientist we are talking he is none other than Acharya Nagarjuna. He was budhist monk and marvellous inventor of his time. He had done many experiments in his lab or Rasashala. He invented many techniques metallurgical purification. He formulated many formulas for conversion of a metal from their base metal. He prepared a elixir which can increase lifespan. He was the first to distillate alcohol. In his book Rasaratnakara he properly described about metallurgical process. The description of metals was described in Vedas also. Many European and Arabic scientist and philosophers recognize his woks and praised him.

An art which is restricted to certain operations, drugs, and compound medicines, most of which are taken from plants. Its principles restore the health of those who were ill beyond hope, and give back youth to fading old age..." is called Rasayan and Acharya Nagarjuna is called the father of rasayan. Using rasayan a different department of Ayurved was established that is Rasashastra. Rasendra Mangala, Rasa Hridaya Tantra, Rasarnava, Rasa Prakasha Sudhakara, Rasendra Chudamani, Rasa Ratna Samuccaya etc were considered to be important texts of Rasashastra. Rasashastra can be compared with modern Pharmaceutical department. It deals with the preparation and validation of ayurvedic medicines. Shodhan is one of the methods to eliminate toxicity from any metal likewise different procedures are also described in this. Medicines can be derived from three substances i.e. from animals, from plants or from minerals. The extraction and preparation of different type of medicines are described in these books. Due to lack of preservation these priceless procedures got destroyed, for example Rasendra mangala originally contains 8 chapters but we have only 4 chapters as manuscripts.

Agadatantra deals with various natural and artificial toxic substances and poisons in detail along with their antedotes , the signs and symptoms and also the management of poisoning resulting from the bites of snakes, insects, spiders, rodents etc as well as from the combinations of various other poisons &fatal doses of various poisons. It can be compared to modern toxicology department. This department also deals with medicine validation and medical ethics. Rishi Kashyapa is considered as the father of agadatantra. This science prepares many toxic substances from plants as well as animals. It is also a magnificent example of uses of chemistry in ancient India.

What do you think? Structure of atom and behaviour of atom or subatomic particles is under which branch of science? As I am a student I can conclude that it is included in both Physics and Chemistry. Do you who were the first to describe about these? He is Acharya Kanada,. Acharya kanad belong to different branch of chemistry that is subatomic particle. Point to be noted here that his real name was not kanad but after his interest in subatomic particle his name was changed to kanad. He explained atomic structure very descriptively much before the discovery of cathode ray. He also identified proton and neutron. His Research was so accurate that on the basis of his reading he also explained the behaviour and combination of atom. His research works was not only limited to subatomic particle. He gave laws of motion which are still similar to Newton’s laws of motion.

Hungry and Foolish

Star's stories on palm leaves

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Mon, 15 May 2023 11:58:00 +0000

We know that mathematics is the language of physics in many senses. In ancient days mathematics was a sub branch under astronomy. Astronomy deals with outer earth and movement of planets, today what we call it as space science. Space science in ancient India was much developed without telescope and satellite or spaceships. Let’s see who carried these developments in their shoulders.

Mathematics and India relation is like birds and their nests. We can say this fact with confidence with some magnificent examples of modern mathematician who enlightened infinity darkness with their scientific results they are Ramanujan, C.R Rao, K.S Chandrasekharan and many more. As I mentioned mathematics is an integral part of astronomy, so ancient Indian mathematicians were also very good space scientist. In this field no one in the world was advanced than India in that time. Many civilisations became great following Indian theories.

In my first or second blog I mentioned that science relates its branch with every subject even arts subjects. Today I am discussing help of mathematics in the field of astronomy, which is purely not an arts subject but considered as an arts subject. With the help of mathematics and without the help of computer ancient sages measured planet distance, size, radius of planetary path, time period of rotation etc. Astronomy finds its way in mathematics and mathematics finds its application in astronomy. Applying trigonometry, area, circumference, theorems ancient scientists found many knowledge about universe.

From the title of the topic we can deduce the fact that before the discovery of paper Indians use palm leaves to write anything, we can relate it with our ‘Jataka’ which were made according to our birth date and time. Let’s find out more such information about past time which is use still now. Our old records which we call ‘Pothi’ had many advanced information about space science in poems or stories. For example, the earth is round was mentioned in many spiritual poems, moon surface is black and consist of rocks which we found after NASA’s research that were already described in scriptures, the zodiac signs are based on the arrangement of stars. Here we can discus much more this type of information but let’s come to some information of scientists in ancient India who were involved in this journey.

Do you know what is first artificial satellite made by ISRO? The answer is ARYABHAT which was named in tribute for the great wisdom of ancient India. Here comes our first scientist of our story, who creates the compendium named ‘Aryabhatiya’ in which he described all his readings and theories of astronomy. He was first to describe that earth also rotates in his own axis. He gave the actual readings of date and time of solar and lunar eclipses. He also describes about the luminosity. An interesting writing in Rig ved about solar eclipse is quoted here:-

"O Sun! When you are blocked by the one whom you gifted your own light (moon), and then earth gets scared by sudden darkness."

Here we can mark the writing that in rig ved it was said that moon did not have its own light, and the eclipses are due to the cosmological phenomenon when moon comes in front of sun. Aryabhata also gave the heliocentric model of solar system. He developed many instruments which helped him to calculate the actual distance of planets and planetary motion. His mathematical knowledge was so vast that his theories, readings, table enlighten many further mathematician knowledge. He was first to calculate the value of pie to two decimal and he knows that pie is an irrational number. If we discuss his contributions in the field of astronomy and mathematics then a book of thousand pages can be written.

Everyone knows who gave the digit Zero. But do you know who made popular the use and equation of zero, here comes our next scientist named Brahmagupt. His calculation and observations elaborate the story and future of zero. His contribution towards mathematics was more than contribution towards astronomy but he described the most important law of physics. He was the first to describe about Gravitational force, in his book he introduced gravity as GURUTWAKARSHAN and wrote its significance. He described many observation and theories of Aryabhata in mathematical way. He also used to calculate celestial distances, lunar eclipse duration and date, angle of inclination between celestial bodies and its significances. He was the first to describe that lunar is partially bright and also gave reason for that. He gave new insights to the algebra, geometry and trigonometry. Many formula and equations derived in recent years were already given by him. His works and books were described by bhaskara II. He was the gem of mathematics. The historian of science George Sarton called Brahmagupta "one of the greatest scientists of his race and the greatest of his time." His writings on later stages translated to Arabic languages and create new relation called Hindu-Arabic relation or Indo-Arabic relation.

Do you know what is the most famous system and from where modern numerals derived? The answer is Hindu-Arabic decimal system. Bhaskara I was the first to introduce this decimal system later on translation into Arabic texture it gained many fame and got popular worldwide. He also wrote two books on astronomy ‘Mahabhaskariya’ and ‘Laghubhaskariya’. He was the great mathematician in his time. He introduced many formulas, tables, short formulas in mathematics. He also had a keen interest in astronomy. He described longitudes of planets, the conjunctions among the planets and stars, solar and lunar eclipses, and rising and setting of planets. Another scientist also had name Bhaskara to avoid confusion we named him bhaskara II. Bhaskara II carried Brahmagupta’s works into next level. He was the first to calculate the very approximate value of earth’s rotation around the sun that is 365.2588 which was only 3.5 minute differ from current reading. His astronomical text ‘shidhanta shiromani’ was written in two parts the first on astronomy and second part on sphere. He discovers the path of planets, true longitudes calculate lunar eclipses, planetary mean motion, astronomical instruments, calculate seasons. He also had vast knowledge about engineering. For the great achievement and knowledge of bhaskara II ISRO launched a satellite on his name.

We discussed the season calculations were made by bhaskara II but what about weather forecasting? Here comes our meteorologist Varahamihira. He was among the navaratnas in king vikramaditya’s kingdom. His works were discovered from his book ‘Brihat samhita’. In his book he wrote about architecture, temples, planetary motions, eclipses, timekeeping, astrology, seasons, cloud formation, rainfall, agriculture, mathematics, gemology, perfumes and many other topics. His readings and weather predictions are too much accurate. His other works were based on astronomy, cloud formation, wind movement, effect of sun and moon on weather, planetary motion. He also guessed the presence of water on mars which were later confirmed by NASA and ISRO. In brihat samhita he described the possibility presence of water and iron on mars. He also learned Greek language and praised them for being well trained in science.

While discussing about next scientist I feel pleasure and proud same time because he is from my native state that is Odisha. He is none other than pathani samanta. His real name was Mahamahopadhyaya Chandrasekhara Singha Harichandana Mahapatra Samanta. He was not from ancient India but his works were remarkable at that time. His readings and calculation were a bit different from ancient readings. . He used to measure the height of any object with a Bamboo from a far distance. He was the first to calculate the transit of Venus. He wrote the book Sidhant Darpan. He also invented Sundial which gave the correct time at any instant of time when there is sun present. Astronomers and astrophysicists both in India and beyond have praised his work, earning him the moniker "Indian Tycho." He was the last torch bearer of the Indian traditional astronomy.

After reading the whole blog we can definitely say that these ancient scientist proved that why our civilisation is most advanced. Everyone may think that India is surrounded by superstitions and illogical rituals but these scientists prove all wrong. Our temples also bears science and the written information on stones are proving of that. Surya mandir situated in Puri district is one of the magnificent examples of scientific use. The analogy of clock and the wheels of surya mandir is one of the examples. Stay tuned with hungry researcher for more such information.

Hungry and foolish

Medical science from Acharyas

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Sat, 13 Aug 2022 12:30:00 +0000

Medical science is one of the best branches of science. It is very similar and important as a mother. In our childhood when we got harmed or faced some injury and we were crying, mother was there who calmed us with her sweet lies that nothing was happened. Medical science is doing the same role indirectly telling nothing was happened I am here to treat you. Ok this is fine, but medical science from acharya, it seems like have some ancient India connection. Let’s know the reality.

Everyone in western countries believes that India is a land of magic. They may say it with some sarcastic reason or about the stories of they heard about India but I believe the real magic is our ancient knowledge or our Vedic knowledge which create the first civilisation and the most advanced civilisation at that time. If we discus about people, some people thought that India is covered with superstitions and fear for science they should know about the advanced scientific society of India. Today we are discussing about one of the most important parts of science that is medical science.

Coming in to the discussion of term acharya,they were the sages who spent their life in forest or mountain and teaching their students at Gurukul. I will prove in this article that science is not distinct from nature. Today’s story is based on some Guru and Sishya relation in ancient days where you can relate it with the topic ‘Hurdles of science’.

The frst scientist of our story is well known and prominent star of medical galaxy, his works defines his personality and his curiosity and knowledge of science. He is none other than Acharya Charak. You must have heard the word Baidya in some historic movies; they are the doctors in locality who treat people to get rid of disease. Sage Atreya who was guru of Charak was doctor in his time. He was the official physician of king Nagnajit of Gandhar kingdom. From six disciple of Atreya punarvasu one named Agnivesh wrote first compendium of Ayurveda that is Agnivesh samhita which was then rewritten by Charak and named Charak samhita. Charak samhita with some modification of Dhrdhabala considered as the most important book in ayurveda still now.

Coming into Acharya Charak’s contribution to medicine and human body, he was considered as the first anatomist of human body. His research works and results have pure analogy with modern day’s science. He said that heart is the main and important centre of our body which regulates the blood and nutrient supply. He believed that if any channels of heart are blocked then the man will suffer with certain disease. He also believed human body is fit and healthy until some foreign particle comes in or the constitution of body gets disturbed. He was aware of bacteria and other microorganisms even without microscopes. Despite knowing about bacteria he ignored because he knows if man is living in natural habitats and work according to nature then he will never encounter with bacteria. This fact seems very true for me because our body is fully developed to detect and kill microorganisms if our body constitution is balanced, let’s take the example of HCl, HCl filled in different part of body, bacteria will be killed if HCl present in optimum amount. Body regulates much these types of mechanisms. Acharya Charak was first who made the statement Prevention is better than cure. He also gave advice to further physicians, He stressed if a doctor is unable to enter the body of patient with the lamp of knowledge then he will never treat the person. The doctor should be aware of environment, nature and behaviour of body. Charak classified Ayurveda into 7 branches, they are

1. Shailya Chikitsa- Surgery

2. Shaakalya Chikitsa- Head, eye and throat medicine

3. Kaaya Chikitsa- Mental Health

4. Kaumarbhrtya Chikitsa- Pediatrics

5. Aganda Tantra- Toxicology

6. Raasayana Tantra-Pharmacology

7. Vaajikarana Tantra- Reproductive Medicine.

Here comes the entry of second scientist of our story from first branch of ayurveda that is surgery. In general everyone thought that ayurveda is the science of parts of trees which are used as medicine, but the surgery development under ayurveda is totally remarkable and have pure analogy with today’s surgery. Acharya Sushrut, author of compendium Sushrut samhita which is the strongest pillar of surgery, it contains name of diseases and their treatment but the most interesting part is surgery chapters what makes Sushrut as the father of surgery. This compendium not only contains information of treatment but the actual process of treatment as well as the mindset of doctor. Sage sushrut was a student of Dhanwantari . The common point between Charak and Sushrut was their compendium gone through same scholar for final modification. Students of Sushrut’s were called Saushrutas. In ancient days the minimum eligibility of a surgeon was they must complete six year course of surgery before actual training. After the training they have to take the oath prepared by Sushrut. In that oath they promised not to harm the body of patient.

Let’s discus about the contributions on the field of surgery, in the time of Sushrut nose and ear were cut as punishment for different offences. These punishments directed Sushrut to develop new branch of Ayurved that is surgery. He collects skin from forehead or any suitable part of body then he managed it to join the detached nose and ear. He wrote all his process of surgery in His compendium. He developed certain instruments what are required for surgery have similar analogy with modern day’s Scalpels, scissors, saws, elevators and forceps. Acharya Sushrut’s students go through a process before treatment. The process is as follows; first they collected every information about surgery then they had to perform on animals, if the process and results are satisfied then they are permitted to perform on humans.

Charak samhita, Sushrut samhita and Astang Hriday constitute backbone of ancient Indian medical science which is popularly known as Brihat-trayi. The medical club in Newyork is named Charak club in honour for Acharya charak. The brihat trayi later on translated in Latin and Arabic language and gain many fame.

A point to note here that Acharyas were lived in natural environment with healthy diet and proper meditation and yoga, as a result they were healthy, fit and had maximum life span. What pull them into research of medicine and medical treatment? In that time the whole society is directly or indirectly dependent on Rishis. Here rishi don’t mean they are Brahmans they may be anyone for example king Viswamitra who changed him into a monk. So, when people had some problem they were first to help them. Stay tuned with hungry researcher for further information.

Hungry And Foolish

Ancient days and science relation

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Wed, 10 Aug 2022 11:57:00 +0000

What is science? Is science really needed? How sciences emerge? Or what is the origin of science? So many questions and so many confusions, let’s discuss about these question and feel proud of the answers.

In simple words knowledge of any tool, force, laws, use and anything happening in this universe or in other universe is called science. We cannot predict the origin of science but we can definitely mark the use of science at the evolution of man from their ancestor. In my opinion science had driven the evolution from old age man to modern man. Back in millions year ago when human feel unsafe in open area they used to hide in caves, for further protection they ignite fires outside the cave. They discover fire from the basic principle of science that is mark the strange incident, know about that then use that for own purpose. I hope you must know the story of fire discovery.

In this current blog we are not focusing on evolution but the use and invention of modern science in ancient India. In that time science was more close to nature than in modern days. They used the natural phenomenon and natural force to obtain the result. In ancient days in India there were Gurukulas where Teacher was called Acharya. Acharyas are the man who was expert in meditation and reading scriptures. They are like the store house with full of knowledge. They not only teach students but also learn environment with their mind open. Ancient science in India emerges in those Rishi ashrams.

I am sure that you must know the name of the first satellite of ISRO, which is Aryabhat. This name was given in the honour of one of the oldest scientist of India Aryabhat. Aryabhat was a mathematician and a curious Physicist. He gave the famous digit Zero which fills the measure gaps in number system. He was famous for his calculations of square root and cube root. He also gave the fact that earth rotates in its axis with westward direction, he not only gave the fact but clearly explained it in his book named Aryabhatia. Aryabhat also explained about the heliocentric model.

Next researcher was Brahma Gupt, his calculation were based mainly on zero and modern algebra. His multiplication, division techniques still have many uses. His calculations of lunar and solar eclipse were most accurate in those days. Aryabhat clarifies the reason behind the lunar and solar eclipse. He also stated the fact that moon and other planets emit the light of sun. Another successor of Aryabhat was Bhaskaracharya. He gave the actual structure of Zero. He wrote Mahabhaskiriya which contains 8 chapters dedicated to astronomy and planetary motion. He introduced the concept of longitude and latitude. Bhaskar II was a master of calculus, trigonometry and many mathematic concepts in ancient time. He successfully calculated the period of rotation of earth around sun that is 365.25288 days.

Here comes the discussion of Varahamihir the ancient meteorological scientist who gave the accurate information about weather prediction, climate change, rain fall, and seasonal variation etc. He also gave information about crop development, crop protection, and manufacture of perfume. These all information was properly written on the book named Brihat samhita. In the light of mathematics and astronomy another star emit abundant light, he was none other than Samant Chandra Sekhar popularly known as Pathani samant. He used to measure the height of any object with a Bamboo from a far distance. He was the first to calculate the transit of Venus. He wrote the book Sidhant Darpan. He also invented Sundial which gave the correct time at any instant of time when there is sun present.

Till the discussion we discussed about notable astronomers and famous mathematician. Acharya kanad belong to different branch of physics that is subatomic particle. Point to be noted here that his real name was not kanad but after his interest in subatomic particle his name was changed to kanad. He explained atomic structure very descriptively much before the discovery of cathode ray. He also identified proton and neutron. His Research was so accurate that on the basis of his reading he also explained the behaviour and combination of atom. His research works was not only limited to subatomic particle. He gave laws of motion which are still similar to Newton’s laws of motion.

Ancient India also contributed in Medical science such as Medicine, Ayurveda and surgeries. Acharya Charak still called as the father of Ayurveda. His results effective in recent days also, He found many tips for home remedy. His medication technique was based on leaf, root, and fruit of different plants. He wrote Charak samhita which is the most relevant book in Ayurveda till date. He was the first who emphasized on the fact Prevention is better than cure. Maharshi Shusrut is called the father of surgeries. He first developed the plastic surgery technique. He is famous at that time for plastic surgery and ophthalmic surgery. Like Charak he also wrote a book called Sushrut samhita.

Due to lack of publication, awareness and transportation in that days these priceless Research work was never unveiled in front of world. In later days the translation and re discoveries of these results were recognised by world. I may forget to mention some ancient scientists name in this blog or I left some one’s contribution so I will publish more information about this topic. Stay tuned with Hungry researcher, till then good bye.

Hungry and Foolish

Hurdles in the Path of Science

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Tue, 09 Aug 2022 11:28:00 +0000

Science is helping mankind in many aspects. Science guides world in prosperous way, Science resolves the issues. Even science is conserving nature with its mechanisms. Then, What hurdles science and scientific research? Let’s find out the answer and listen the sad story of science.

Controversies and science went hand in hand with each other in past times. The conservative and religious societies always oppose science, as it is a disease which can create misconception and distance between almighty God and people. This fact cannot be denied that scientists faced lots of trouble and harassment only to uncover the real truth. The story of Galileo is the best evidence for this argument. Despite all those things science made its position in world. In this blog we are going to discuss about the modern hurdles due to civilization and increasing competition among people.

Moving in the lane of memories we would find the story of Alfred Nobel, when there is no motivation, no encourage, almost zero investment towards scientific research Nobel stands out in all to start giving money, encouragement and motivation in terms of prize which is now popularly known as the best award in world. The lack of financial investment in scientific research is the greatest hurdle in the path of science. Universities and academic institution are playing the measure role in scientific research but it was observed that government are showing interest in building new institutes but they are not thinking about the scientific development.

Moving to next reason, we are seeing the intent of parents forcing students to earn money as soon as possible after graduation. Bsc. Degrees are used as the minimum requirement of a student for getting a job. These results are the consequences of increasing competition among students. Everyone wants their child to grow rich quickly; no one wants their child in the field of research. For someone scientific research seems a boring job of observing for hours and for some it is very lengthy process of education from Bsc. to PhD.

As I explained universities played a great role in the progress of science, that not only infrastructures but the professors who taught student their plays key roles. They create unimaginable joy of science in students; they also gave chances for student to work with them with their research work. I think the great scientists who came in our mind right now they all are university professors, for example APJ Abdul Kalam, Professor U.R Rao, Bikram Srabhai, and Physicist Richard Feynman etc. Now these days’ teachers creating alert for research. Academic and social awareness are lacking in case of research. Govt. should focus on to make the profession of scientist more profitable.

I am going to discuss the reason that seems not a hurdle in path of science but it is true. The reason is technology. Technology!, How technology creates hurdle? Technology never creates hurdle but distract scientific studies to materialistic, gone those days when an apple used to tell the law of universe. Now days’ scientific researches made mainly on different materials or artificial things.

Some cumulative reasons I am discussing here, let’s go through it. The limitation for science such as supernatural powers and unbelievable stories of spirit forced us to not believe in science in these fields. Some spiritual controversies also create hurdles in scientific progress. Thanks to many programmes, policies, certain camps and some fellowships that trying to pullback students to the field of scientific research, but that were not enough because these helps were reached to small amount of students. We have to make every institute a better place instead of building new better University. The media and people should give that much respect to scientist they deserve. Stay tuned with Hungry researcher for upcoming post, next post is based on ancient scientific research.

Hungry And Foolish

People’s requirement

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Mon, 08 Aug 2022 12:58:00 +0000

Finding closeness and distance between science and nature is truly a task similar as dividing a hair cell from its width. It means it is not impossible but a work of focus and sincerity .In this blog we will see how much humans dependent on science as well as nature.

For some people nature is a base where we establish our home, we walk, we do our duty, overly for them nature provide us the entire requirement for dwelling and living a great life. For some creative people it is the site of their dream place. They explain the colors as the smiling face nature, the grass land as her dress and the trees as their arms etc. This nature clears the blocks of their mind for some intellectual persons, it calms the mind of some stressed person, and it provides the security for some homeless people.

Same for science as well different type of people thought different things for science. Starting the discussion, for some people science is the creator who creates the materials for living, for some it arranges their daily food, for it the destruction and for some it is ruler. For some people science is the curiosity and question where for some it is the answer of unpredictable question and solution for impossible task. For some people it is close to nature and for some it is too far from nature.

Is science important or nature? Can we live without science? Can we live without nature? These questions seem simply meaningless because if there is life there is nature as well as science. What human need from nature? Is science helping nature or nature helping science? Let’s find out the answers. First of all I want to clear nature do not depend on anything but it is affected by the behavior of certain things. Coming into point nature help science to grow, it is undoubtedly true. Environment is the natural laboratory for a scientist.

How science changed the world? Science develops some magnificent tools which develop the world into a great world. A healthy, a prosperous, luxurious, safety and a coordinated world are made by the help of science. Science made this world to some extent disease free by developing vaccines for dangerous fatal diseases, advancing surgeries day by day. Science made living easier by developing a hand full of accessories. It unwinds complex bundles of questions related to life and nature. Satellite launcher, satellites, sensors, cameras, remotes, desktop etc made our understanding clear. With the help of science we can predict the accurate weather as well as coming storm or flood. Science resolves the issues related with nature such as flood control by building dams, science even made use of it by manufacturing electricity.

If we count the use of science it will take a book consisting of much more pages. Avoiding the parenthood character of nature such as providing base for scientific work let’s discuss the direct contribution. First of all nature is a whole structure and process which governs the living world. We respire with oxygen which was arranged by nature, the body structure of human which is not less than a super developed machine whose co ordinations are that much arranged that no one would think of it. The soil formation, the water conduction, the food supply and air supply all mechanisms that create a life were created by nature.

What nature need from us? Nature wants the support from us, behavior of a helpful partner, a careful user and a worried con-server. We should use nature to a limit but sometimes human exploit nature. It resulted in the climate change, natural calamities which indirectly affect the progress of science. For example storm breaks buildings used for research, space garbage creates trouble for satellites and its reading. I will upload the hurdles created by humans in the progress of science. Stay tuned with hungry researcher. I am also hungry for your suggestions please comment below.

Hungry And Foolish

How fool humans are

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Sun, 31 Jul 2022 11:33:00 +0000

Should we live with nature or with science? This question always annoyed me but it seems like everyone is clear about it that they will live with science because science is more luxurious.

I hope everyone is clear about the title. As I explained it already that science was never considered as a distinct thing from nature but sometimes science hides the consequences of nature’s destruction. Sometimes it behaves like a step child of nature.

For example, Air-conditioner which is one of the greatest inventions of science. It ensures one who uses it never feel hotness of environment and their great productivity but it also denies the fact that if forests are destroyed we will feel hot. Air-conditioner has many more harmful results but we are discussing about the global warming. People should think ‘if we have forests we don’t even need an Air-conditioner. We should focus on natural remedies than use of artificial things which will create more negative impact on nature’.

It was scientifically proven that man living in natural environment is more fit and active than a man living in artificial environment and he has more productive hours. Man living in pure natural environment will lack some modern necessities. He will be more vulnerable towards the natural calamities. He will lack great job opportunities. So man should more focus on the blend of nature and science. After all science is the child of nature. A home with basic necessities of science and covered with plants and some tall trees is a perfect place for living. In this current era, this place is a nightmare.

We are discussing about the wrong decision of humans, adding a point to this discussion we can take the example of use of artificial things which can be avoided for the sake of environmental health. For example use of plates made up of different types of materials which increase the industrial uses. We are totally aware of the hazardous effects of industries. Instead of using these materials we can use the banana leaves which are good for environment and our health. You must think that I am suggesting you to maintain distance from science but you are forgetting that science is incomplete without nature. Banana leaves are scientifically important. According to science eating in banana leaves is more nutritious.

From the beginning of the topic we are scolding science in every way but science also works in favour of environment and helps in protection and prevention. We use certain techniques to reduce global warming, use of electrostatic precipitator, scrubber, use of lead free petrol, finding alternate sources for fuel, polyblend like inventions are some examples of how science protects environment.

Despite useful inventions, we should concern about the dependency of science which destroys our environment. I will describe the scientific method in a descriptive way in my later posts. Stay tuned with Hungry Researcher, till then good bye.

Hungry And Foolish

Gravitation and Science

noreply@blogger.com (Hungry Researcher) — Sun, 31 Jul 2022 03:05:00 +0000

Nature always reserves it’s dignity by helping living world directly or indirectly, be it the conversion of energy or to supply food from sunlight to every member of this living world.

I would like to remember you from previous topic that nature is the most difficult thing to study; it is more difficult than studying a physics book. We can read every line of the book but we cannot learn every secrets of nature in small time span. I am writing this because nature reveals its secrets when any one tries to learn to make use of it. It maintains distance when anyone wants to exploit it.

Let’s not discus about the exploitation, we will discuss in later post. Coming back to topic, today I will show you the magic of nature how something changed from reactant to product. The headlines show the physics link but it reflects the nature’s rule which is the combination of all subjects even arts subjects.

Gravitation seems like the chapter of my physics book whose formula is based on Newton’s calculation but it is denser than the densest liquid. Simple says, Gravitation is the mutual attraction between two bodies which have certain mass. According to Einstein; masses replaces energy of that place which creates certain space, then the body moves in the path it creates. Overall it attracts things, the point to note here that bigger mass attracts smaller mass.

Applying the concept of gravitation it was concluded that earth attracts every material towards itself. Taking advantages of this force science creates many magnificent inventions which are the blessings of nature. Producing electricity in hydroelectric plant, water irrigation in ancient as well as in modern days, paperweight to stable the important papers, sleeping in fixed position, potential energy, kinetic energy etc.

Gravitation has many more application but this article is based on most important aspect that is energy conservation and conversion. In current world the one of the most important thing is electricity. You must surprise to know that gravitation governs most part of electricity production. Gravitation energy converted in to kinetic energy by rotation of turbine then into electric energy. Tidal energy is another application of gravitation, gravitational force of moon creates tides which are used in energy production.

Coming into water irrigation, in ancient days there is no pumps are available so farmers use gravitation energy unknowingly. They used a balance like instrument that has one side empty bucket and another side stone, they make path in field for water movement. This instrument was established near water sources; they dip the empty bucket in water then pull the stone downward and empty the bucket in the path. Let’s discus the modern technique where water is sprinkled from ground to sky and it falls back to ground, here also we use gravitation.

Remember the phrase “BAP BAP HOTA HAI!” Human use science for make life easy but nature helps to sustain living life. Nature also use gravitation, Nature holds the gases which constitute the most important atmosphere. Nature not only create atmosphere but also divides it so nicely that it seems like someone made a filter and certain places for specific work. So, nature and science are co related. Stay tune with hungry researcher for further article.

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