<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},feature_flags:["soft_nav"],distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1386092497",accountID:"4015753",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"UAYGVFFWCxABVllbBgQOU1UH",licenseKey:"NRJS-7d9c53af9425c732ede",applicationID:"1289159516",browserID:"1386092497"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.319.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e={8122(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>s});var n=r(944);function s(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),i=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let o in i)if(void 0!==e[o])try{if(null===e[o]){r[o]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[o])&&Array.isArray(t[o])?r[o]=Array.from(new Set([...e[o],...t[o]])):e[o]instanceof Map||e[o]instanceof Set||e[o]instanceof Date||e[o]instanceof RegExp?r[o]=e[o]:"object"==typeof e[o]&&null!==t[o]&&"object"==typeof t[o]?r[o]=s(e[o],t[o]):r[o]=e[o]}catch(e){r[o]||(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{f:()=>o});var n=r(384),s=r(8122);const i={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0};function o(e){try{return!!e.licenseKey&&!!e.errorBeacon&&!!e.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}r.d(t,["D",0,e=>(0,s.a)(e,i)])},7699(e,t,r){"use strict";var n=r(860);const s={[n.K7.logging]:!0,[n.K7.genericEvents]:!0,[n.K7.jserrors]:!0,[n.K7.ajax]:!0};r.d(t,["It",0,1e6,"KC",0,s,"qh",0,"SESSION_ERROR"])},9324(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,["A",0,"@newrelic/rrweb","x",0,"1.319.0"])},981(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,["R",0,{AJAX:"AjaxRequest",PA:"PageAction",UA:"UserAction",BP:"BrowserPerformance",WS:"WebSocket",SPV:"SecurityPolicyViolation",JSE:"JavaScriptError",LOG:"Log",PVE:"PageView",PVT:"PageViewTiming",SR:"SessionReplay",ST:"SessionTrace",BI:"BrowserInteraction"}])},6154(e,t,r){"use strict";var n=r(1863);const s="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=s?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=Boolean("hidden"===o?.document?.visibilityState),c=""+o?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(o.navigator?.userAgent),u=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=(()=>{const e=o.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),f=Date.now()-(0,n.t)();r.d(t,["OF",0,d,"RI",0,s,"WN",0,f,"bv",0,i,"gm",0,o,"lR",0,l,"m",0,c,"mw",0,a,"sb",0,u,"zk",0,()=>{const e=o?.performance?.getEntriesByType?.("navigation")?.[0];if(e&&e.responseStart>0&&e.responseStart<o.performance.now())return e}])},7295(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>o,gX:()=>s,iW:()=>i});var n=[];function s(e){if(!e||i(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;if("*"===n[0].hostname)return!1;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if(r.hostname.test(e.hostname)&&r.pathname.test(e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function i(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function o(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;if("*"===r)return void(n=[{hostname:"*"}]);0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const s=r.indexOf("/");let i,o;s>0?(i=r.substring(0,s),o=r.substring(s)):(i=r,o="*");let[c]=i.split(":");n.push({hostname:a(c),pathname:a(o,!0)})}}function a(e,t=!1){const r=e.replace(/[.+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g,e=>"\\"+e).replace(/\*/g,".*?");return new RegExp((t?"^":"")+r+"$")}},3241(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6154);function s(e={}){try{n.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("newrelic",{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}},1687(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>a,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>c});var n=r(3241),s=r(3606),i=r(860),o=r(2646);function a(e,t){if(!e)return;const r={staged:!1,priority:i.P3[t]||0};e.runtime.drainRegistry.get(t)||e.runtime.drainRegistry.set(t,r)}function c(e,t){if(!e)return;const r=e.runtime.drainRegistry;r&&(r.get(t)&&r.delete(t),l(e,t,!1),r.size&&u(e))}function d(e,t="feature",r=!1){if(e){if(!e.runtime.drainRegistry.get(t)||r)return l(e,t);e.runtime.drainRegistry.get(t).staged=!0,u(e)}}function u(e){if(!e)return;const t=Array.from(e.runtime.drainRegistry);t.every(([e,t])=>t.staged)&&(t.sort((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority),t.forEach(([t])=>{e.runtime.drainRegistry.delete(t),l(e,t)}))}function l(e,t,r=!0){if(!e)return;const i=e.ee,a=s.i.handlers;if(i&&!i.aborted&&i.backlog&&a){if((0,n.W)({type:"lifecycle",name:"drain",feature:t}),r){const e=i.backlog[t],r=a[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)f(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach(([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach(t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0].context()instanceof o.y&&!t[0].listeners(e).includes(t[1])&&t[0].on(e,t[1])})})}}i.isolatedBacklog||delete a[t],i.backlog[t]=null,i.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach(t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],s=e[3],i=e[2];n.apply(s,i)}})}},7836(e,t,r){"use strict";var n=r(384),s=r(8990),i=r(2646),o=r(5607);const a="nr@context:".concat(o.W),c=function e(t,r){var n={},o={},u={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&d.initializedAgents?.[r]?.runtime.isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var s=0;s<r.length;s++)r[s]===t&&r.splice(s,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,s,i){!1!==i&&(i=!0);if(c.aborted&&!s)return;t&&i&&t.emit(e,r,n);var a=h(n);g(e).forEach(e=>{e.apply(a,r)});var d=v()[o[e]];d&&d.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach(([e,n])=>{o[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])})},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach(e=>{delete f.backlog[e]})},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[o[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof i.y?e:e?(0,s.I)(e,a,()=>new i.y(a)):new i.y(a)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=c),r.d(t,["P",0,a,"ee",0,c])},2646(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>s});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function s(e,t,r,s,i){i?(i.buffer([e],s),i.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],s),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>i});var n=r(9908);i.on=o;var s=i.handlers={};function i(e,t,r,i){o(i||n.d,s,e,t,r)}function o(e,t,r,s,i){i||(i="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var o=t[i]=t[i]||{};(o[r]=o[r]||[]).push([e,s])}},3878(e,t,r){"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function s(e,t,r=!1,s){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,s))}function i(e,t,r=!1,s){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,s))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>i,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>s})},5607(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=(0,r(9566).bz)();r.d(t,["W",0,n])},9566(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>o,ZF:()=>a,bz:()=>i,el:()=>c});var n=r(6154);function s(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function i(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".split("").map(e=>"x"===e?s(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&s()|8).toString(16):e).join("")}function o(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const o=[];for(var a=0;a<e;a++)o.push(s(r,i++).toString(16));return o.join("")}function a(){return o(16)}function c(){return o(32)}},2614(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,["BB",0,18e5,"Wt",0,"NRBA_SESSION::","g",0,{OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2},"iL",0,{SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},"tS",0,{STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},"wk",0,144e5])},733(e,t,r){"use strict";function n(e,t){return function(e){let t=2166136261;for(let r=0;r<e.length;r++)t^=e.charCodeAt(r),t=Math.imul(t,16777619);return(t>>>0).toString(16).padStart(8,"0")}("".concat(String(e),":").concat(String(t)))}r.d(t,{Y:()=>n})},1863(e,t,r){"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},9119(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>i});var n=/([^?#]*)[^#]*(#[^?]*|$).*/,s=/([^?#]*)().*/;function i(e,t){return e?e.replace(t?n:s,"$1$2"):e}},7485(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>s});var n=r(6154);function s(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},7866(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,["Nc",0,/^\s*at Function code \(Function code:\d+:\d+\)\s*/i,"cn",0,/^\s*(?:([^@]*)(?:\(.*?\))?@)?((?:file|http|https|chrome|safari-extension).*?):(\d+)(?::(\d+))?\s*$/i,"fL",0,/^\s*at .+ \(eval at \S+ \((?:(?:file|http|https):[^)]+)?\)(?:, [^:]*:\d+:\d+)?\)$/i,"h3",0,/function (.+?)\s*\(/,"hB",0,/^\s*at (?:((?:\[object object\])?(?:[^(]*\([^)]*\))*[^()]*(?: \[as \S+\])?) )?\(?((?:file|http|https|chrome-extension):.*?)?:(\d+)(?::(\d+))?\)?\s*$/i])},944(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>s});var n=r(3241);function s(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&(console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t),(0,n.W)({drained:null,type:"data",name:"warn",feature:"warn",data:{code:e,secondary:t}}))}},8990(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>s});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function s(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var s=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:s,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),s}catch(e){}return e[t]=s,s}},6389(e,t,r){"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let s;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===s&&(e.apply(this,r),s=setTimeout(()=>{s=clearTimeout(s)},t)),n||(clearTimeout(s),s=setTimeout(()=>{e.apply(this,r)},t))}}function s(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>s,s:()=>n})},1910(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>i});var n=r(944);const s=new Map;function i(...e){return e.every(e=>{if(s.has(e))return s.get(e);const t="function"==typeof e?e.toString():"",r=t.includes("[native code]"),i=t.includes("nrWrapper");return r||i||(0,n.R)(64,e?.name||t),s.set(e,r),r})}},3304(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>s});var n=r(7836);function s(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,(()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}})())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},7508(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{AZ:()=>g,Qr:()=>b,QL:()=>m});var n=r(6154),s=r(1863),i=r(9119),o=r(7866);class a{dom=new c;performance=new c;constructor(e){this.url=e}get script(){const e=Math.max(this.dom.start,this.performance.end);return{start:e,end:Math.max(this.dom.end,this.performance.end,e)}}}class c{start=0;end=0;value=void 0}let d;try{d=g(m())[0]}catch(e){d=g(e)[0]}const u=e=>"script"===e.initiatorType||["link","fetch"].includes(e.initiatorType)&&e.name.endsWith(".js"),l=new Map;let f=[];function h(e){return l.get(e)}function p(e){const t=h(e);if(t)return t;const r=new a(e);if(l.set(e,r),l.size>1e3){const e=l.keys().next().value;l.delete(e)}return r}if(n.gm.MutationObserver&&n.gm.document){new MutationObserver(e=>{e.forEach(e=>{e.addedNodes.forEach(e=>{if("SCRIPT"===e.nodeName&&e.src){const t=p((0,i.L)(e.src));t.dom.start=(0,s.t)(),t.dom.value=e;const r=()=>{t.dom.end=(0,s.t)()};["load","error"].forEach(t=>e.addEventListener(t,r,{once:!0}))}})})}).observe(n.gm.document,{childList:!0,subtree:!0})}if(n.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource")){new PerformanceObserver(e=>{e.getEntries().filter(u).forEach(e=>{const t=p((0,i.L)(e.name));t.performance.start=Math.floor(e.startTime),t.performance.end=Math.floor(e.responseEnd),t.performance.value=e;const r=[];f.forEach(({test:t,addedAt:n},i)=>{(t(e)||(0,s.t)()-n>1e4)&&r.push(i)}),f=f.filter((e,t)=>!r.includes(t))})}).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}function g(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return[];const t=new Set,r=e.split("\n");for(const e of r){const r=e.match(o.cn)||e.match(o.hB)||e.match(o.fL);if(r&&r[2])t.add((0,i.L)(r[2]));else{const r=e.match(/\(([^)]+\.js):\d+:\d+\)/)||e.match(/^\s+at\s+([^\s(]+\.js):\d+:\d+/);r&&r[1]&&t.add((0,i.L)(r[1]))}}return[...t]}function m(){let e;try{const t=Error.stackTraceLimit;Error.stackTraceLimit=50,e=(new Error).stack,Error.stackTraceLimit=t}catch(t){e=(new Error).stack}return e}function v(e,t){return(0,i.L)(e.name)===t}function y(e,t){e.fetchStart=Math.floor(t.startTime),e.fetchEnd=Math.floor(t.responseEnd),e.asset=t.name,e.type=t.initiatorType}function b(){const e={registeredAt:(0,s.t)(),reportedAt:void 0,fetchStart:0,fetchEnd:0,scriptStart:0,scriptEnd:0,asset:void 0,type:"unknown"},t=m();if(!t)return e;const r=n.gm.performance?.getEntriesByType("navigation")?.[0]?.name||"";try{const o=g(t),a=(o.length>1?o.filter(e=>d!==e):o)[0];if(!a)return e;if(r.includes(a))return e.asset=(0,i.L)(r),e.type="inline",e;e.correlation=h(a);const c=e.correlation?.performance.value||performance.getEntriesByType("resource").find(e=>v(e,a));c?y(e,c):function(e){if(!e||!n.gm.document)return!1;try{const t=n.gm.document.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"][as="script"]');for(const r of t)if((0,i.L)(r.href)===e)return!0}catch(e){}return!1}(a)&&(e.asset=a,e.type="preload",f.push({addedAt:(0,s.t)(),test:t=>!!v(t,a)&&(y(e,t),!0)})),Object.defineProperty(e,"scriptStart",{get:()=>e.correlation?.script.start||e.fetchEnd}),Object.defineProperty(e,"scriptEnd",{get:()=>e.correlation?.script.end||e.registeredAt})}catch(e){}return e}},5732(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{$5:()=>d,B5:()=>c,Ms:()=>s,Ux:()=>o,YA:()=>a,yx:()=>i});var n=r(7508);function s(e,t){if(!e||!t?.init.api.register.enabled)return[];const r=t.runtime.registeredEntities;return r?.filter(t=>String(t.metadata.target.id)===String(e)).map(e=>e.metadata.target)||[]}function i(e,t){if(!e||!t?.init.api.register.enabled)return[];const r=t.runtime.registeredEntities;return r?.filter(t=>t.metadata.timings?.asset?.endsWith(e)).map(e=>e.metadata.target)||[]}function o(e,t){if(!u(t))return{};const r=t.agentRef.runtime.appMetadata.agents[0].entityGuid;return e?e.attributes:{"entity.guid":r,appId:t.agentRef.info.applicationID}}function a(e,t){return c(e,t)?{"child.id":e.id,"child.type":e.type,...o(void 0,t)}:{}}function c(e,t){return!!e&&!!u(t)&&t.agentRef.init.api.register.duplicate_data_to_container}function d(e){if(!e?.init.api.register.enabled||!e?.runtime?.registeredEntities?.length)return[void 0];const t=[];try{var r=(0,n.AZ)((0,n.QL)());let s=r.length-1;for(;r[s];)t.push(...i(r[s--],e))}catch(e){}return t.length||t.push(void 0),t}function u(e){return 2===e?.harvestEndpointVersion}r.d(t,["fQ",0,{MFE:"MFE",BA:"BA"}])},5289(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,Qr:()=>c,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878),s=r(6389);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();const r=(0,s.J)(e),o=setInterval(()=>{i()&&(clearInterval(o),r())},500);(0,n.sp)("load",r,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}function c(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("popstate",e)}},384(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{Zm:()=>c,bQ:()=>u,dV:()=>d,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),s=r(1863),i=r(944),o=r(1910);const a={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function c(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function d(){let e=c();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate||n.gm.setInterval,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket},(0,o.i)(...Object.values(e.o))),e}function u(e,t){let r=c();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,s.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t,2===Object.keys(r.initializedAgents).length&&(0,i.R)(69)}function l(){return function(){let e=c();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:a.beacon,errorBeacon:a.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=c();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),d(),function(){let e=c();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),c()}r.d(t,["NT",0,a])},2843(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{G:()=>i,u:()=>s});var n=r(3878);function s(e,t=!1,r,s){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)},r,s)}function i(e,t,r){(0,n.sp)("pagehide",e,t,r)}},8139(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),s=r(3434),i=r(8990),o=r(6154);const a={},c=o.gm.XMLHttpRequest,d="addEventListener",u="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(a[t.debugId]++)return t;a[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,s.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[d,u],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(o.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(o.gm,f)),t.on(d+"-start",function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)&&"newrelic"!==e[0]){var s=(0,i.I)(n,l,function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=e[1]=s}}),t.on(u+"-start",function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]}),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,d);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>d});var n=r(7836),s=r(5607),i=r(5732);const o="nr@original:".concat(s.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,c=!1;function d(e,t,r){return e||(e=n.ee),s.inPlace=function(e,t,r,n,i,o){r||(r="");const a="-"===r.charAt(0);for(let c=0;c<t.length;c++){const d=t[c],u=e[d];l(u)||(e[d]=s(u,a?d+r:r,n,d,i,o))}},s.flag=o,s;function s(t,n,s,c,f,h){return l(t)?t:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach(function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})}),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,l,p;let g,m;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],m=h?(0,i.$5)(r):[void 0],l="function"==typeof s?s(o,a):s||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,c],l],e)}d(n+"start",[o,a,c,m],l,f);const v=performance.now();let y;try{return p=t.apply(a,o),y=performance.now(),p}catch(e){throw y=performance.now(),d(n+"err",[o,a,e,m],l,f),g=e,g}finally{const e=y-v,t={start:v,end:y,duration:e,isLongTask:e>=50,methodName:c,thrownError:g};t.isLongTask&&d("long-task",[t,a,m],l,f),d(n+"end",[o,a,p,m],l,f)}}}function d(r,n,s,i){if(!c||t){var o=c;c=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,s,t,i)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,s],e)}c=o}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function l(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}r.d(t,["Jt",0,o])},9300(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.ajax;r.d(t,["TZ",0,n,"f5",0,"ajaxRequest.id","mo",0,{NONE:"none",FAILURES:"failures",ALL:"all"}])},3333(e,t,r){"use strict";var n=r(981);const s=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=[n.R.PA,n.R.UA,n.R.BP];r.d(t,["$v",0,{RESOURCES:"experimental.resources",REGISTER:"register"},"TZ",0,s,"Zp",0,["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],"kd",0,i,"qN",0,["focus","blur"]])},6774(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.jserrors;r.d(t,["T",0,n])},993(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.logging;r.d(t,["A$",0,{OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},"TZ",0,n,"p_",0,{ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"}])},3785(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>d});var n=r(9908),s=r(1863),i=r(860),o=r(3969),a=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=a.p_.INFO,d=!0,u,l=(0,s.t)()){(0,n.p)(o.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,i.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)("log",[l,t,r,c,d,u],void 0,i.K7.logging,e)}function d(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(a.p_).some(t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim())}},3969(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.metrics;r.d(t,["TZ",0,n,"XG",0,"storeEventMetrics","xV",0,"storeSupportabilityMetrics"])},6630(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent;r.d(t,["T",0,n])},782(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming;r.d(t,["T",0,n])},6344(e,t,r){"use strict";var n=r(2614);const s=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,i={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0};r.d(t,["Qb",0,{API:"api",RESUME:"resume",SWITCH_TO_FULL:"switchToFull",INITIALIZE:"initialize",PRELOAD:"preload"},"TZ",0,s,"Vh",0,"errorDuringReplay","_s",0,{DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},"bc",0,{RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},"yP",0,i])},5270(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>o,SR:()=>i,rF:()=>a});var n=r(384),s=r(7767);function i(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,s.V)(e)&&!0===e?.session_trace.enabled}function o(e){return!0===e?.session_replay.preload&&i(e)}function a(e,t){try{if("string"==typeof t?.type){if("password"===t.type.toLowerCase())return"*".repeat(e?.length||0);if(void 0!==t?.dataset?.nrUnmask||t?.classList?.contains("nr-unmask"))return e}}catch(e){}return"string"==typeof e?e.replace(/[\S]/g,"*"):"*".repeat(e?.length||0)}},3738(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,s="-start",i="-end",o="fn"+s,a="fn"+i;r.d(t,["He",0,"bstResource","Kp",0,i,"Lc",0,a,"Rz",0,"pushState","TZ",0,n,"bD",0,"resource","bc",0,{CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Trace is not allowed and will not be started"},RESET:{message:"Session was reset"},SESSION_CHANGED:{message:"Session identifier changed unexpectedly"}},"d3",0,s,"uP",0,o])},3962(e,t,r){"use strict";const n=r(860).K7.softNav;r.d(t,["O2",0,{INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},"OV",0,"popstate","Qu",0,{INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},"TZ",0,n,"ih",0,{IP:"in progress",PF:"pending finish",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"},"pP",0,"initialPageLoad","tC",0,["click","keydown","submit"]])},4234(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(1687);class s{constructor(e,t){this.agentRef=e,this.ee=e?.ee,this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,n.x3)(this.agentRef,this.featureName)}}},7767(e,t,r){"use strict";var n=r(6154);r.d(t,["V",0,e=>n.RI&&!0===e?.privacy.cookies_enabled])},8362(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>i});var n=r(9566),s=r(1741);class i extends s.W{agentIdentifier=(0,n.LA)(16)}},1741(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>i});var n=r(944),s=r(4261);class i{#e(e,...t){if(this[e]!==i.prototype[e])return this[e](...t);(0,n.R)(35,e)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e(s.hG,e,t)}register(e){return this.#e(s.eY,e)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e(s.fF,e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e(s.Fw,e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e(s.cD,e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e(s.o5,e,t)}setUserId(e,t=!1){return this.#e(s.Dl,e,t)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e(s.nb,e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e(s.bt,e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e(s.k6,e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e(s.BL,e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(s.CH)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(s.Tb)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e(s.U2,e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e(s.PA,e)}interaction(e){return this.#e(s.dT,e)}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e(s.Wb,e,t,r)}measure(e,t){return this.#e(s.V1,e,t)}consent(e){return this.#e(s.Pv,e)}}},4261(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,["BL",0,"finished","CH",0,"recordReplay","Dl",0,"setUserId","Fw",0,"setPageViewName","PA",0,"setCurrentRouteName","Pv",0,"consent","Tb",0,"pauseReplay","U2",0,"addToTrace","V1",0,"measure","Wb",0,"wrapLogger","bt",0,"setErrorHandler","cD",0,"setCustomAttribute","dT",0,"interaction","eY",0,"register","fF",0,"recordCustomEvent","hG",0,"addPageAction","hw",0,"api-ixn-","k6",0,"addRelease","nb",0,"setApplicationVersion","o5",0,"noticeError"])},1738(e,t,r){"use strict";r.d(t,{U:()=>l,Y:()=>u});var n=r(3241),s=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(944),a=r(3969),c=r(8362),d=r(860);function u(e,t,r,i){const u=i||r;!u||u[e]&&u[e]!==c.d.prototype[e]||(u[e]=function(){(0,s.p)(a.xV,["API/"+e+"/called"],void 0,d.K7.metrics,r.ee),(0,n.W)({drained:!!r.runtime?.activatedFeatures,type:"data",name:"api",feature:"api-"+e,data:{}});try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){(0,o.R)(23,e)}})}function l(e,t,r,n,o){const a=e.info;null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:a.jsAttributes[t]=r,(o||null===r)&&(0,s.p)("api-"+n,[(0,i.t)(),t,r],void 0,"session",e.ee)}},8374(e,t,r){r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860(e,t,r){"use strict";const n="events",s="jserrors",i="browser/blobs",o="browser/logs",a={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:s,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations"},c={[a.pageViewEvent]:1,[a.pageViewTiming]:2,[a.metrics]:3,[a.jserrors]:4,[a.softNav]:5,[a.ajax]:6,[a.sessionTrace]:7,[a.sessionReplay]:8,[a.logging]:9,[a.genericEvents]:10},d={[a.pageViewEvent]:"rum",[a.pageViewTiming]:n,[a.ajax]:n,[a.softNav]:n,[a.metrics]:s,[a.jserrors]:s,[a.sessionTrace]:i,[a.sessionReplay]:i,[a.logging]:o,[a.genericEvents]:"ins"};r.d(t,["$J",0,d,"K7",0,a,"P3",0,c,"XX",0,s,"Yy",0,o,"df",0,i])}};const t={};function r(n){const s=t[n];if(void 0!==s)return s.exports;const i=t[n]={exports:{}};return e[n](i,i.exports,r),i.exports}r.m=e,r.d=(e,t)=>{if(Array.isArray(t))for(var n=0;n<t.length;){var s=t[n++],i=t[n++];r.o(e,s)?0===i&&n++:0===i?Object.defineProperty(e,s,{enumerable:!0,value:t[n++]}):Object.defineProperty(e,s,{enumerable:!0,get:i})}else for(var s in t)r.o(t,s)&&!r.o(e,s)&&Object.defineProperty(e,s,{enumerable:!0,get:t[s]})},r.f={},r.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(r.f).reduce((t,n)=>(r.f[n](e,t),t),[])),r.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.319.0.min.js"),r.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),(()=>{const e={},t="NRBA-1.319.0.PROD:";r.l=(n,s,i,o)=>{if(e[n])return void e[n].push(s);let a,c;if(void 0!==i){const e=document.getElementsByTagName("script");for(var d=0;d<e.length;d++){const r=e[d];if(r.getAttribute("src")==n||r.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+i){a=r;break}}}if(!a){c=!0;var u={478:"sha512-dq8MCH0pxylfoPrUdvWgvfnUaUooTXrYyd67BT880/uJdIonQ6k0/BvrkhnRPc9cPaKh+Hlzi6r4/OYNeCFAEw==",249:"sha512-7wrk3j5JzTYr39CrfsZFRxV3PvNq8HYEAaqxXhor6GI99tX7scYsyWh+TmH1gUywzjeqxZeddmG6fSsCWSL1GA==",212:"sha512-WyFOCOq79iASoGDVkGHlLI2F+4aUnJHxUppxunzIdO9/rJRSwR49QRJbq26sHcY3RIVESwv34MVkSK4giih2lQ=="};a=document.createElement("script"),a.charset="utf-8",r.nc&&a.setAttribute("nonce",r.nc),a.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+i),a.src=n,0!==a.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(a.crossOrigin="anonymous"),u[o]&&(a.integrity=u[o])}e[n]=[s];const l=(t,r)=>{a.onerror=a.onload=null,clearTimeout(f);const s=e[n];if(delete e[n],a.parentNode?.removeChild(a),s?.forEach(e=>e(r)),t)return t(r)},f=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:a}),12e4);a.onerror=l.bind(null,a.onerror),a.onload=l.bind(null,a.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(a)}})(),r.r=e=>{Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},r.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{const e={38:0,788:0};r.f.j=(t,n)=>{let s=r.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==s)if(s)n.push(s[2]);else{const i=new Promise((r,n)=>s=e[t]=[r,n]);n.push(s[2]=i);const o=r.p+r.u(t),a=new Error,c=n=>{if(r.o(e,t)&&(s=e[t],0!==s&&(e[t]=void 0),s)){const e=n&&("load"===n.type?"missing":n.type),r=n&&n.target&&n.target.src;a.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed: ("+e+": "+r+")",a.name="ChunkLoadError",a.type=e,a.request=r,s[1](a)}};r.l(o,c,"chunk-"+t,t)}};const t=(t,n)=>{let[s,i,o]=n;var a,c,d=0;if(s.some(t=>0!==e[t])){for(a in i)r.o(i,a)&&(r.m[a]=i[a]);if(o)o(r)}for(t&&t(n);d<s.length;d++)c=s[d],r.o(e,c)&&e[c]&&e[c][0](),e[c]=0},n=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.319.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.319.0.PROD"]||[];n.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),n.push=t.bind(null,n.push.bind(n))})(),(()=>{"use strict";r(8374);var e=r(8362),t=r(860);const n=Object.values(t.K7);var s=r(384),i=r(1741);var o=r(2555),a=r(3333),c=r(9300);const d=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var u=r(2614),l=r(944),f=r(8122);const h="[data-nr-mask]",p=e=>(0,f.a)(e,(()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{register:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,capture_payloads:c.mo.NONE},api:{register:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(a.$v.REGISTER)||e.experimental.register},set enabled(t){e.experimental.register=t},duplicate_data_to_container:!1}},browser_consent_mode:{enabled:!1},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1,capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(a.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:u.wk,inactiveMs:u.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){d(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(h):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=h:(0,l.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){d(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,l.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,l.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]},web_sockets:{enabled:!1}}})());var g=r(6154),m=r(9324);let v=0;const y={buildEnv:"PROD",distMethod:"CDN",version:m.x,originTime:g.WN},b={consented:!1},E={activatedFeatures:void 0,appMetadata:{},configured:!1,get consented(){return this.session?.state?.consent||b.consented},set consented(e){b.consented=e},customTransaction:void 0,denyList:[],disabled:!1,drainRegistry:new Map,harvester:void 0,isolatedBacklog:!1,isRecording:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,obfuscator:void 0,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,registeredEntities:[],jsAttributesMetadata:{bytes:0},get harvestCount(){return++v}};var w=r(7836),R=r(3241);const A={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0};function T(e,t={},n,a){let{init:c,info:d,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:h=!0}=t;if(!d){const e=(0,s.pV)();c=e.init,d=e.info,u=e.loader_config}var m;e.init=p(c||{}),e.loader_config=(m=u||{},(0,f.a)(m,A)),d.jsAttributes??={},g.bv&&(d.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),e.info=(0,o.D)(d);const v=e.init;e.runtime??=(e=>{const t=(0,f.a)(e,E),r=Object.keys(y).reduce((e,t)=>(e[t]={value:y[t],writable:!1,configurable:!0,enumerable:!0},e),{});return Object.defineProperties(t,r)})(l),v.proxy.assets&&(e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e})(v.proxy.assets),e.runtime.configured||(Object.defineProperty(e,"beacons",{get:()=>[e.info.beacon,e.info.errorBeacon,e.init.proxy.assets,e.init.proxy.beacon].filter(Boolean)}),Object.defineProperty(e.runtime,"denyList",{get:()=>[...e.init.ajax.deny_list||[],...e.init.ajax.block_internal?e.beacons:[]]}),e.runtime.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,function(e){const t=(0,s.pV)();Object.getOwnPropertyNames(i.W.prototype).forEach(r=>{const n=i.W.prototype[r];if("function"!=typeof n||"constructor"===n)return;let s=t[r];e[r]&&!1!==e.exposed&&"micro-agent"!==e.runtime?.loaderType&&(t[r]=(...t)=>{const n=e[r](...t);return s?s(...t):n})})}(e),e.runtime.loaderType=n,e.ee=w.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),e.exposed=h,(0,R.W)({drained:!!e.runtime.activatedFeatures,type:"lifecycle",name:"initialize",feature:void 0,data:e.config}),e.runtime.configured=!0)}var x=r(9908),S=r(1863),O=r(4261),_=r(1738);var N=r(1687),P=r(4234),L=r(5289),k=r(5270),C=r(7767),j=r(6389),I=r(7699);const D=new WeakSet;class M extends P.W{constructor(e,t){super(e,t),this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.loadedSuccessfully=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=new Promise(e=>{this.loadedSuccessfully=e}),this.deferred=Promise.resolve(),!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart?this.deferred=new Promise((t,r)=>{this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,j.J)(()=>{(0,N.Ak)(e,this.featureName),t()}))}):(0,N.Ak)(e,t)}importAggregator(e,t,n={}){if(this.featAggregate)return;const s=async()=>{if(await this.deferred,this.#t(e),!(0,o.f)(e.info))return(0,l.R)(43),e.ee.abort(),void this.loadedSuccessfully(!1);let s;try{if((0,C.V)(e.init)){const{setupAgentSession:t}=await r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8766));s=t(e)}}catch(e){(0,l.R)(20,e),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[e]),(0,x.p)(I.qh,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}try{if(!this.#r(this.featureName,s,e.init))return(0,N.Ze)(this.agentRef,this.featureName),void this.loadedSuccessfully(!1);const{Aggregate:r}=await t();this.featAggregate=new r(e,n),e.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),this.loadedSuccessfully(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.R)(34,e),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,N.Ze)(this.agentRef,this.featureName,!0),this.loadedSuccessfully(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};g.RI?(0,L.GG)(()=>s(),!0):s()}#r(e,r,n){if(this.blocked)return!1;switch(e){case t.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,k.SR)(n)&&!!r;case t.K7.sessionTrace:return!!r;default:return!0}}#t(e){if(!D.has(e)&&(D.add(e),!(0,o.f)(e.info))){const t=(0,s.pV)();let r={...t.info?.jsAttributes};try{r={...r,...e.info?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}T(e,{...t,info:{...t.info,jsAttributes:r},runtime:e.runtime},e.runtime.loaderType)}}}var B=r(6630);class H extends M{static featureName=B.T;constructor(e){var t;super(e,B.T),this.setupInspectionEvents(),t=e,(0,_.Y)(O.Fw,function(e,r){"string"==typeof e&&("/"!==e.charAt(0)&&(e="/"+e),t.runtime.customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+e,(0,x.p)("api-"+O.Fw,[(0,S.t)()],void 0,void 0,t.ee))},t),this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,5839)))}setupInspectionEvents(){const e=(e,t)=>{e&&(0,R.W)({timeStamp:e.timeStamp,loaded:"complete"===e.target.readyState,type:"window",name:t,data:e.target.location+""})};(0,L.sB)(t=>{e(t,"DOMContentLoaded")}),(0,L.GG)(t=>{e(t,"load")}),(0,L.Qr)(t=>{e(t,"navigate")}),this.ee.on(u.tS.UPDATE,(e,t)=>{(0,R.W)({type:"lifecycle",name:"session",data:t})})}}class W extends e.d{constructor(e){var t;(super(),g.gm)?(this.features={},(0,s.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(H),T(this,e,e.loaderType||"agent"),t=this,(0,_.Y)(O.cD,function(e,r,n=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof r)||null===r)return(0,_.U)(t,e,r,O.cD,n);(0,l.R)(40,typeof r)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},t),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.Dl,function(t,r=!1){if("string"!=typeof t&&null!==t)return void(0,l.R)(41,typeof t);const n=e.info.jsAttributes["enduser.id"];r&&null!=n&&n!==t?(0,x.p)("api-setUserIdAndResetSession",[t],void 0,"session",e.ee):(0,_.U)(e,"enduser.id",t,O.Dl,!0)},e)}(this),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.nb,function(t){if("string"==typeof t||null===t)return(0,_.U)(e,"application.version",t,O.nb,!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof t)},e)}(this),function(e){(0,_.Y)("start",function(){e.ee.emit("manual-start-all")},e)}(this),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.Pv,function(t=!0){if("boolean"==typeof t){if((0,x.p)("api-"+O.Pv,[t],void 0,"session",e.ee),e.runtime.consented=t,t){const t=e.features.page_view_event;t.onAggregateImported.then(e=>{const r=t.featAggregate;e&&!r.sentRum&&r.sendRum()})}}else(0,l.R)(65,typeof t)},e)}(this),this.run()):(0,l.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}get api(){return this}run(){try{const e=function(e){const t={};return n.forEach(r=>{t[r]=!!e[r]?.enabled}),t}(this.init),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort((e,r)=>t.P3[e.featureName]-t.P3[r.featureName]),r.forEach(r=>{if(!e[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==t.K7.pageViewEvent)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case t.K7.ajax:return[t.K7.jserrors];case t.K7.sessionTrace:return[t.K7.ajax,t.K7.pageViewEvent];case t.K7.sessionReplay:return[t.K7.sessionTrace];case t.K7.pageViewTiming:return[t.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter(e=>!(e in this.features));n.length>0&&(0,l.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)})}catch(e){(0,l.R)(22,e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const t=(0,s.Zm)();delete t.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return t.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}var K=r(2843),F=r(782);class U extends M{static featureName=F.T;constructor(e){super(e,F.T),g.RI&&((0,K.u)(()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,F.T,this.ee),!0),(0,K.G)(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,F.T,this.ee)),this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,9917))))}}var V=r(3969);class z extends M{static featureName=V.TZ;constructor(e){super(e,V.TZ),this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,6555)))}}var G=r(6774),q=r(3878),Y=r(3304);class Z{constructor(e,t,r,n,s){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,Y.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=s}}function Q(e){return ee(e)?e:new Z(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic,e?.cause)}function X(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(!e?.reason)return;if(ee(e.reason)){try{e.reason.message.startsWith(t)||(e.reason.message=t+e.reason.message)}catch(e){}return Q(e.reason)}const r=Q(e.reason);return(r.message||"").startsWith(t)||(r.message=t+r.message),r}function J(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new Z(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic,e.cause);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return ee(e.error)?e.error:Q(e)}function ee(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}function te(e,r,n,s,i=(0,S.t)()){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,x.p)("err",[e,i,!1,r,n.runtime.isRecording,void 0,s],void 0,t.K7.jserrors,n.ee),(0,x.p)("uaErr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee)}var re=r(5732),ne=r(993),se=r(3785);function ie(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=ne.p_.INFO}={},n,s,i=(0,S.t)()){(0,se.R)(n.ee,e,t,r,!1,s,i)}function oe(e,r,n,s,i=(0,S.t)()){(0,x.p)("api-"+O.hG,[i,e,r,s],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee)}function ae(e,r,n,s,i=(0,S.t)()){const{start:o,end:a,customAttributes:c}=r||{},d={customAttributes:c||{}};if("object"!=typeof d.customAttributes||"string"!=typeof e||0===e.length)return void(0,l.R)(57);const u=(e,t)=>null==e?t:"number"==typeof e?e:e instanceof PerformanceMark?e.startTime:Number.NaN;if(d.start=u(o,0),d.end=u(a,i),Number.isNaN(d.start)||Number.isNaN(d.end))(0,l.R)(57);else{if(d.duration=d.end-d.start,!(d.duration<0))return(0,x.p)("api-"+O.V1,[d,e,s],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee),d;(0,l.R)(58)}}function ce(e,r={},n,s,i=(0,S.t)()){(0,x.p)("api-"+O.fF,[i,e,r,s],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee)}var de=r(7508);const ue=(e,t)=>e?.nrMfeId===t.id&&(!e?.nrMfeObserved||e?.nrMfeObserved===t.instance),le=e=>{try{return g.gm.CSS.escape(e)}catch(t){return e}},fe=(e,t={})=>{const r=t.id,n=t.instance;if(!e||!r||!n)return!1;try{let r=1===e.nodeType?e:e.parentElement;for(;r?.tagName;){if(ue(r.dataset,t))return r.dataset.nrMfeObserved=n,!0;r=r.parentNode}}catch(e){}return!1},he=(e,t)=>{const r=g.gm.document?.querySelectorAll('[data-nr-mfe-id="'.concat(le(e.id),'"]')),n=(Array.from(r)||[]).find(t=>ue(t.dataset,e));let s=!!n;s&&(n.dataset.nrMfeObserved??=e.instance);const i=new g.gm.MutationObserver(r=>{r.forEach(r=>{r.addedNodes.forEach(r=>{const n=1===r.nodeType?r:null;!s&&ue(n?.dataset,e)&&(i.disconnect(),i.observe(n,{childList:!0,subtree:!0}),s=!0,n.dataset.nrMfeObserved=e.instance),(e=>{try{return e?.textContent?.trim()||["img","video","canvas","svg"].includes(e?.nodeName?.toLowerCase())}catch(e){return!1}})(r)&&(s||fe(r,e))&&t(r,i)})})});return i.observe(n||g.gm.document,{childList:!0,subtree:!0}),i},pe=(e,t,r)=>{try{const n=new g.gm.PerformanceObserver(e=>{e.getEntries().forEach(r)});return n.observe(t),e.push(n),n}catch(e){return null}};function ge(e,t){let r,n;const s=e=>null==e?e:e-(t?.scriptStart||t?.registeredAt||0),i={fcp:{get value(){return s(r)}},lcp:{get value(){return s(n)}},cls:{value:void 0},inp:{value:void 0},disconnect:()=>{}};if(!(e&&g.RI&&g.gm.MutationObserver&&g.gm.PerformanceObserver))return i;const o=[];setTimeout(()=>{r||i.disconnect()},1e4);const a=()=>{r??=(0,S.t)(),n??=(0,S.t)(),i.cls.value??=0},c=g.gm.document?.querySelectorAll('[data-nr-mfe-id="'.concat(le(e.id),'"]'));Array.from(c||[]).some(t=>ue(t.dataset,e))&&a();const d=he(e,(e,t)=>{a(),t.disconnect()});o.push(d);let u=0,l=null;const f=new Set;try{l=new g.gm.ResizeObserver(e=>{e.forEach(e=>{try{const t=e.contentRect.width*e.contentRect.height;t>u&&(u=t,n=(0,S.t)()),l.unobserve(e.target)}catch(e){}})})}catch(e){}const h=he(e,e=>{if(a(),l)try{const t=1===e.nodeType?e:e.parentElement;t&&!f.has(t)&&(f.add(t),"IMG"===t.tagName?t.complete?l.observe(t):t.addEventListener("load",()=>{l.observe(t)},{once:!0}):"VIDEO"===t.tagName?t.readyState>=2?l.observe(t):t.addEventListener("loadeddata",()=>{l.observe(t)},{once:!0}):l.observe(t))}catch(e){}});l&&o.push(l),o.push(h),pe(o,{type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0},t=>{t.hadRecentInput||(t.sources||[]).some(r=>!!fe(r.node,e)&&(a(),i.cls.value+=t.value,!0))}),pe(o,{type:"event",buffered:!0,durationThreshold:40},t=>{t.interactionId&&fe(t.target,e)&&(void 0===i.inp.value||t.duration>i.inp.value)&&(a(),i.inp.value=t.duration)});const p=["pointerdown","keydown"],m=()=>{p.forEach(e=>{g.gm.removeEventListener(e,v,{passive:!0})})};i.disconnect=()=>{o.forEach(e=>{try{e?.disconnect()}catch(e){}}),m(),["visibilitychange","pagehide"].forEach(e=>{g.gm.removeEventListener(e,i.disconnect,{once:!0,passive:!0})})};const v=t=>{fe(t?.target,e)&&((()=>{try{h?.disconnect(),l?.disconnect()}catch(e){}})(),m())};return p.forEach(e=>{g.gm.addEventListener(e,v,{passive:!0})}),["visibilitychange","pagehide"].forEach(e=>{g.gm.addEventListener(e,i.disconnect,{once:!0,passive:!0})}),i}var me=r(9566);const ve=["name","id","type"],ye=new Map([[oe,"addPageAction"],[ie,"log"],[ae,"measure"],[te,"noticeError"],[ce,"recordCustomEvent"]]),be={experimental:(0,j.J)(()=>(0,l.R)(54,"newrelic.register")),disabled:(0,j.J)(()=>(0,l.R)(55)),invalidTarget:(0,j.J)(e=>(0,l.R)(48,e)),deregistered:(0,j.J)(()=>(0,l.R)(68))};function Ee(e){(0,_.Y)(O.eY,function(t){return we(e,t)},e)}function we(e,r){be.experimental(),r||={},r.instance=(0,me.LA)(8),r.type=re.fQ.MFE,r.licenseKey||=e.info.licenseKey,r.blocked=!1,("object"!=typeof r.tags||null===r.tags||Array.isArray(r.tags))&&(r.tags={}),r.parent??={get id(){return e.runtime.appMetadata.agents[0].entityGuid},type:re.fQ.BA};const n=(0,de.Qr)(),s=ge(r,n),i={};Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,"attributes")||Object.defineProperty(r,"attributes",{get:()=>({...i,"source.id":r.id,"source.name":r.name,"source.type":r.type,"parent.type":r.parent?.type||re.fQ.BA,"parent.id":r.parent?.id})}),Object.entries(r.tags).forEach(([e,t])=>{ve.includes(e)||(i["source.".concat(e)]=t)});let o=()=>{};const a=e.runtime.registeredEntities,c=e=>{r.blocked=!0,o=e};function d(e){return"string"==typeof e&&!!e.trim()&&e.trim().length<501}e.init.api.register.enabled||c(be.disabled),d(r.id)&&d(r.name)||c(()=>be.invalidTarget(r));const u={addPageAction:(t,n={})=>g(oe,[t,{...i,...n},e],r),deregister:()=>{h(),c(be.deregistered)},log:(t,n={})=>g(ie,[t,{...n,customAttributes:{...i,...n.customAttributes||{}}},e],r),measure:(t,n={})=>g(ae,[t,{...n,customAttributes:{...i,...n.customAttributes||{}}},e],r),noticeError:(t,n={})=>g(te,[t,{...i,...n},e],r),recordCustomEvent:(t,n={})=>g(ce,[t,{...i,...n},e],r),setApplicationVersion:e=>p("application.version",e),setCustomAttribute:(e,t)=>p(e,t),setUserId:e=>p("enduser.id",e),metadata:{get customAttributes(){return i},target:r,timings:n,vitals:s}},f=()=>(r.blocked&&o(),r.blocked);function h(){if(n.reportedAt)return;n.reportedAt=(0,S.t)(),s.disconnect(),n.fcp=s.fcp,n.lcp=s.lcp,n.cls=s.cls,n.inp=s.inp;const e=n.fetchEnd-n.fetchStart,t=n.scriptEnd-n.scriptStart,r={assetUrl:n.asset,assetType:n.type,timeAlive:n.reportedAt-n.registeredAt,timeToBeRequested:n.fetchStart,timeToExecute:t,timeToFetch:e,timeToLoad:e+t,timeToRegister:n.registeredAt,...s.fcp.value>=0&&{"nr.vitals.fcp.value":s.fcp.value},...s.lcp.value>=0&&{"nr.vitals.lcp.value":s.lcp.value},...s.cls.value>=0&&{"nr.vitals.cls.value":s.cls.value},...s.inp.value>=0&&{"nr.vitals.inp.value":s.inp.value}};u.recordCustomEvent("MicroFrontEndTiming",r)}f()||(a.push(u),(0,K.G)(h));const p=(e,t)=>{f()||(i[e]=t)},g=(r,n,s)=>{if(f()&&r!==we)return;const i=(0,S.t)(),o=ye.get(r)||"unknown";(0,x.p)(V.xV,["API/register/".concat(o,"/called")],void 0,t.K7.metrics,e.ee);try{return r(...n,s,i)}catch(e){(0,l.R)(50,e)}};return u}class Re extends M{static featureName=G.T;constructor(e){var t;super(e,G.T),t=e,(0,_.Y)(O.o5,(e,r)=>te(e,r,t),t),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.bt,function(t){e.runtime.onerror=t},e)}(e),function(e){let t=0;(0,_.Y)(O.k6,function(e,r){++t>10||(this.runtime.releaseIds[e.slice(-200)]=(""+r).slice(-200))},e)}(e),Ee(e);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(t,r)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[Q(t),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},e.runtime.isRecording,r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),g.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",t=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[X(t),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},e.runtime.isRecording],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},(0,q.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),g.gm.addEventListener("error",t=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[J(t),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},e.runtime.isRecording],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},(0,q.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,9377)))}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var Ae=r(8990);let Te=1;function xe(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===g.gm?0:(0,Ae.I)(e,"nr@id",function(){return Te++})}function Se(e){if("string"==typeof e)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,Y.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var Oe=r(8139),_e=r(3434);const Ne={},Pe=["open","send","setRequestHeader"];function Le(e,t){var r=e||w.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||w.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===g.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(Ne[n.debugId]++)return n;Ne[n.debugId]=1,(0,Oe.u)(r);var s=(0,_e.YM)(n),i=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest,o=g.gm.MutationObserver,a=g.gm.Promise,c=g.gm.setInterval,d="readystatechange",u=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],f=[],h=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(e){const r=new i(e),o=n.context(r);o.targets=(0,re.$5)(t);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],o),r.addEventListener(d,(a=o,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!a.resolved&&(a.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),s.inPlace(e,u,"fn-",E)}),(0,q.jT)(!1))}catch(e){(0,l.R)(15,e);try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}var a;return r};function p(e,t){s.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(i,h),h.prototype=i.prototype,s.inPlace(h.prototype,Pe,"-xhr-",E),n.on("send-xhr-start",function(e,t){p(e,t),function(e){f.push(e),o&&(m?m.then(b):c?c(b):(v=-v,y.data=v))}(t)}),n.on("open-xhr-start",p),o){var m=a&&a.resolve();if(!c&&!a){var v=1,y=document.createTextNode(v);new o(b).observe(y,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||b()});function b(){for(var e=0;e<f.length;e++)p(0,f[e]);f.length&&(f=[])}function E(e,t){return t}return n}var ke="fetch-",Ce=ke+"body-",je=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Ie=g.gm.Request,De=g.gm.Response,Me="prototype";const Be={};function He(e,t){const r=function(e){return(e||w.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Ie&&De&&g.gm.fetch))return r;if(Be[r.debugId]++)return r;function n(e,n,s){var i=e[n];"function"==typeof i&&(e[n]=function(){var e=[...arguments];const n={},o=(0,re.$5)(t);var a;r.emit(s+"before-start",[e],n),n[w.P]&&n[w.P].dt&&(a=n[w.P].dt);var c=i.apply(this,e);return r.emit(s+"start",[e,a],c),c.then(function(e){return r.emit(s+"end",[null,e,o],c),e},function(e){throw r.emit(s+"end",[e,void 0,o],c),e})})}return Be[r.debugId]=1,je.forEach(e=>{n(Ie[Me],e,Ce),n(De[Me],e,Ce)}),n(g.gm,"fetch",ke),r.on(ke+"end",function(e,t,n){var s=this;if(s.targets=n||[void 0],t){var i=t.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(s.rxSize=i),r.emit(ke+"done",[null,t],s)}else r.emit(ke+"done",[e],s)}),r}var We=r(7485);class Ke{constructor(e){this.agentRef=e}generateTracePayload(e){const t=this.agentRef.loader_config;if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e)||!t)return null;var r=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,n=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,s=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!r||!n)return null;var i=(0,me.ZF)(),o=(0,me.el)(),a=Date.now(),c={spanId:i,traceId:o,timestamp:a};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(c.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(i,o),c.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(i,a,r,n,s)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(c.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(i,o,a,r,n,s)),c}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,s){return s+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,s,i){if(!("function"==typeof g.gm?.btoa))return null;var o={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:s,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return i&&n!==i&&(o.d.tk=i),btoa((0,Y.A)(o))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing?.enabled&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1;const r=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;if(e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r?.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var s=(0,We.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===s.hostname&&e.protocol===s.protocol&&e.port===s.port){t=!0;break}}return t}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var Fe=r(7295);function Ue(e){return"string"==typeof e?e:e instanceof(0,s.dV)().o.REQ?e.url:g.gm?.URL&&e instanceof URL?e.href:void 0}var Ve=["load","error","abort","timeout"],ze=Ve.length,Ge=(0,s.dV)().o.REQ,qe=(0,s.dV)().o.XHR;const Ye="X-NewRelic-App-Data",Ze="internal-error";class Qe extends M{static featureName=c.TZ;constructor(e){super(e,c.TZ),this.dt=new Ke(e),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};g.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach(r=>{if(r.initiatorType in e&&0!==r.responseStatus){const n={status:r.responseStatus},s={rxSize:r.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(r.duration),cbTime:0};Xe(n,r.name),this.handler("xhr",[n,s,r.startTime,r.responseEnd,e[r.initiatorType]],void 0,t.K7.ajax)}})}catch(e){}He(this.ee,e),Le(this.ee,e),function(e,r,n,s){const i=[c.mo.ALL,c.mo.FAILURES].includes(e.init.ajax?.capture_payloads);function o(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=T,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.latestLongtaskEnd=0,e.addEventListener("load",function(r){_(t,e)},(0,q.jT)(!1)),g.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded},(0,q.jT)(!1))}function a(e){this.params={method:e[0]},Xe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function d(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var n=s.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var i=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),i=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),i=!0),i&&(this.dt=n)}}function u(e,t){i&&e.length>=2&&(this.requestHeaders??={},this.requestHeaders[e[0].toLowerCase()]=e[1])}function l(e,t){var n=this.metrics,s=e[0],i=this;if(n&&s){var o=Se(s);o&&(n.txSize=o)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.requestBody=s,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||i.loadCaptureCalled||(i.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||i.called===i.totalCbs&&(i.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof i.end)&&i.end(t)}catch(e){try{r.emit(Ze,[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var a=0;a<ze;a++)t.addEventListener(Ve[a],this.listener,(0,q.jT)(!1))}function f(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function h(e,t){var r=""+xe(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function p(e,t){var r=""+xe(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function m(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function v(e,t){t instanceof qe&&"load"===e[0]&&r.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function y(e,t){t instanceof qe&&"load"===e[0]&&r.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function b(e,t,r){t instanceof qe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function E(e,t){this.xhrCbStart&&r.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,t],t)}function w(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&g.RI&&(t=""+g.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:g.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,We.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var n=s.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n&&(n.newrelicHeader||n.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)a(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);else{var i={};for(var o in r)i[o]=r[o];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),a(i.headers,n)&&(this.dt=n),e.length>1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}}function a(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function R(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t;let[r,n={}]=e;Xe(this,Ue(r));const s=(""+(r&&r instanceof Ge&&r.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=Se(n.body||r?.body)||0;try{var o=n.headers||r?.headers;if(i&&o)if(this.requestHeaders??={},o instanceof Headers)o.forEach(function(e,t){this.requestHeaders[t.toLowerCase()]=e}.bind(this));else if("object"==typeof o)for(var a in o)this.requestHeaders[a.toLowerCase()]=o[a]}catch(e){}this.requestBody=n.body||r?.body}function A(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,Fe.iW)(this.params))return;this.params.status=t?t.status:0;const n=()=>{const e=+this.rxSize,t=null==this.rxSize||isNaN(e)?void 0:e,r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:t,duration:this.endTime-this.startTime},n=[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"];this.targets.forEach(e=>O(n,this,e))};t&&i?t.clone().text().then(e=>{this.responseBody=e,this.rxSize&&"0"!==this.rxSize&&0!==this.rxSize||void 0===e||0===this.params.status||(this.rxSize=Se(e)),t?.headers&&(this.responseHeaders={},t.headers.forEach(function(e,t){this.responseHeaders[t.toLowerCase()]=e}.bind(this)))}).catch(e=>{r.emit(Ze,[e])}).finally(()=>{n()}):n()}function T(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(this.ended)return;this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<ze;t++)e.removeEventListener(Ve[t],this.listener,!1);if(t.aborted)return;if((0,Fe.iW)(t))return;if(n.duration=this.endTime-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):_(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,i){try{this.responseBody=e.responseText}catch(t){this.responseBody=e.response}if((!n.rxSize||0===n.rxSize)&&void 0!==this.responseBody&&0!==t.status){const e=Se(this.responseBody);void 0!==e&&(n.rxSize=e)}try{this.responseHeaders=function(e){const t={};return e?(e.split("\r\n").forEach(function(e){const r=e.indexOf(": ");if(r>0){const n=e.substring(0,r),s=e.substring(r+2);t[n.toLowerCase()]=s}}),t):t}(e.getAllResponseHeaders())}catch(e){r.emit(Ze,[e])}}const s=[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"];this.targets.forEach(e=>O(s,this,e))}function O(e,r,s){n("xhr",[...e,s],r,t.K7.ajax)}function _(e,n){e.params.status=n.status;var s=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?Se(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?Se(e.responseText):void 0}(n,e.lastSize);if(void 0!==s&&0!==n.status&&(e.metrics.rxSize=s),e.sameOrigin&&n.getAllResponseHeaders().indexOf(Ye)>=0){var i=n.getResponseHeader(Ye);i&&((0,x.p)("sm",["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,t.K7.metrics,r),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}r.on("new-xhr",o),r.on("open-xhr-start",a),r.on("open-xhr-end",d),r.on("send-xhr-start",l),r.on("setRequestHeader-xhr-start",u),r.on("xhr-cb-time",f),r.on("xhr-load-added",h),r.on("xhr-load-removed",p),r.on("xhr-resolved",m),r.on("addEventListener-end",v),r.on("removeEventListener-end",y),r.on("fn-end",E),r.on("fetch-before-start",w),r.on("fetch-start",R),r.on("fn-start",b),r.on("fetch-done",A)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,3845)))}}function Xe(e,t){var r=(0,We.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const $e={},Je=["pushState","replaceState"];function et(e){const t=function(e){return(e||w.ee).get("history")}(e);return!g.RI||$e[t.debugId]++||($e[t.debugId]=1,(0,_e.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,Je,"-")),t}var tt=r(3738);function rt(e){(0,_.Y)(O.BL,function(r=Date.now()){const n=r-g.WN;n<0&&(0,l.R)(62,r),(0,x.p)(V.XG,[O.BL,{time:n}],void 0,t.K7.metrics,e.ee),e.addToTrace({name:O.BL,start:r,origin:"nr"}),(0,x.p)("api-"+O.hG,[n,O.BL],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,e.ee)},e)}const{He:nt,bD:st,d3:it,Kp:ot,TZ:at,Lc:ct,uP:dt,Rz:ut}=tt;class lt extends M{static featureName=at;constructor(e){var n;super(e,at),n=e,(0,_.Y)(O.U2,function(e){if(!(e&&"object"==typeof e&&e.name&&e.start))return;const r={n:e.name,s:e.start-g.WN,e:(e.end||e.start)-g.WN,o:e.origin||"",t:"api"};r.s<0||r.e<0||r.e<r.s?(0,l.R)(61,{start:r.s,end:r.e}):(0,x.p)("bstApi",[r],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,n.ee)},n),rt(e);if(!(0,C.V)(e.init))return void this.deregisterDrain();const s=this.ee;let i;et(s),this.eventsEE=(0,Oe.u)(s),this.eventsEE.on(dt,function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()}),this.eventsEE.on(ct,function(e,r){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,s)}),s.on(ut+it,function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),s.on(ut+ot,function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,s)});try{i=new PerformanceObserver(e=>{const r=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(nt,[r],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,s)}),i.observe({type:st,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,6974)),{resourceObserver:i})}}var ft=r(733),ht=r(6344);class pt extends M{static featureName=ht.TZ;#s;recorder;constructor(e){var n;let s;super(e,ht.TZ),n=e,(0,_.Y)(O.CH,function(){(0,x.p)(O.CH,[],void 0,t.K7.sessionReplay,n.ee)},n),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.Tb,function(){(0,x.p)(O.Tb,[],void 0,t.K7.sessionReplay,e.ee)},e)}(e);const i="".concat(u.Wt).concat((0,ft.Y)(e.info.licenseKey,e.info.applicationID));try{s=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(i))}catch(e){}(0,k.SR)(e.init)&&this.ee.on(O.CH,()=>this.#i()),this.#o(s)&&this.importRecorder().then(e=>{e.startRecording(ht.Qb.PRELOAD,s?.sessionReplayMode)}),this.importAggregator(this.agentRef,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,6167)),this),this.ee.on("err",e=>{this.blocked||this.agentRef.runtime.isRecording&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(ht.Vh,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})}#o(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===u.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===u.g.ERROR)||(0,k.Aw)(this.agentRef.init)}importRecorder(){return this.recorder?Promise.resolve(this.recorder):(this.#s??=Promise.all([r.e(478),r.e(249)]).then(r.bind(r,4866)).then(({Recorder:e})=>(this.recorder=new e(this),this.recorder)).catch(e=>{throw this.ee.emit("internal-error",[e]),this.blocked=!0,e}),this.#s)}#i(){this.blocked||(this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==u.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(u.g.FULL,!0,ht.Qb.API):this.importRecorder().then(()=>{this.recorder.startRecording(ht.Qb.API,u.g.FULL)}))}}var gt=r(3962);class mt extends M{static featureName=gt.TZ;constructor(e){if(super(e,gt.TZ),function(e){const r=e.ee.get("tracer");function n(){}(0,_.Y)(O.dT,function(e){return(new n).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})},e);const s=n.prototype={createTracer:function(n,s){var i={},o=this,a="function"==typeof s;return(0,x.p)(V.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,t.K7.metrics,e.ee),function(){if(r.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,S.t)(),o,a],i),a)try{return s.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw r.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],i),t}finally{r.emit("fn-end",[(0,S.t)()],i)}}}};["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach(r=>{_.Y.apply(this,[r,function(){return(0,x.p)(O.hw+r,[performance.now(),...arguments],this,t.K7.softNav,e.ee),this},e,s])}),(0,_.Y)(O.PA,function(){(0,x.p)(O.hw+"routeName",[performance.now(),...arguments],void 0,t.K7.softNav,e.ee)},e)}(e),!g.RI||!(0,s.dV)().o.MO)return;const n=et(this.ee);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}gt.tC.forEach(e=>{(0,q.sp)(e,e=>{c(e)},!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)});const i=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);n.on("pushState-end",i),n.on("replaceState-end",i),(0,q.sp)(gt.OV,e=>{c(e),(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let o=!1;const a=new((0,s.dV)().o.MO)((e,t)=>{o||(o=!0,requestAnimationFrame(()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o=!1}))}),c=(0,j.s)(e=>{"loading"!==document.readyState&&((0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),a.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0}))},100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),a.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,4393)),{domObserver:a})}}var vt=r(9119),yt=r(981);const bt={},Et=new Set;function wt(e){return"string"==typeof e?{type:"string",size:(new TextEncoder).encode(e).length}:e instanceof ArrayBuffer?{type:"ArrayBuffer",size:e.byteLength}:e instanceof Blob?{type:"Blob",size:e.size}:e instanceof DataView?{type:"DataView",size:e.byteLength}:ArrayBuffer.isView(e)?{type:"TypedArray",size:e.byteLength}:{type:"unknown",size:0}}class Rt{constructor(e,t){this.timestamp=(0,S.t)(),this.currentUrl=(0,vt.L)(window.location.href),this.socketId=(0,me.LA)(8),this.requestedUrl=(0,vt.L)(e),this.requestedProtocols=Array.isArray(t)?t.join(","):t||"",this.openedAt=void 0,this.protocol=void 0,this.extensions=void 0,this.binaryType=void 0,this.messageOrigin=void 0,this.messageCount=0,this.messageBytes=0,this.messageBytesMin=0,this.messageBytesMax=0,this.messageTypes=void 0,this.sendCount=0,this.sendBytes=0,this.sendBytesMin=0,this.sendBytesMax=0,this.sendTypes=void 0,this.closedAt=void 0,this.closeCode=void 0,this.closeReason="unknown",this.closeWasClean=void 0,this.connectedDuration=0,this.hasErrors=void 0}}class At extends M{static featureName=a.TZ;constructor(e){super(e,a.TZ);const n=e.init.feature_flags.includes("websockets")||e.init.web_sockets?.enabled,i=!e.init.feature_flags.includes("no_spv"),o=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.performance.resources.enabled,e.init.user_actions.enabled,n,i];var c;let d;if(c=e,(0,_.Y)(O.hG,(e,t)=>oe(e,t,c),c),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.fF,(t,r)=>ce(t,r,e),e)}(e),rt(e),Ee(e),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.V1,(t,r)=>ae(t,r,e),e)}(e),this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController,this.abortHandler=()=>{this.removeOnAbort.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0},n){const u=function(e,t){if(!(0,s.dV)().o.WS)return e;const r=e.get("websockets");if(bt[r.debugId]++)return r;bt[r.debugId]=1,(0,K.G)(()=>{const e=(0,S.t)();Et.forEach(t=>{t.nrData.closedAt=e,t.nrData.closeCode=1001,t.nrData.closeReason="Page navigating away",t.nrData.closeWasClean=!1,t.nrData.openedAt&&(t.nrData.connectedDuration=e-t.nrData.openedAt),r.emit("ws",[t.nrData,t.targets],t)})});class n extends WebSocket{static name=yt.R.WS;static toString(){return"function WebSocket() { [native code] }"}toString(){return"[object WebSocket]"}get[Symbol.toStringTag](){return n.name}#a(e){(e.__newrelic??={}).socketId=this.nrData.socketId,this.nrData.hasErrors??=!0}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.nrData=new Rt(e[0],e[1]),this.targets=(0,re.$5)(t),this.addEventListener("open",()=>{this.nrData.openedAt=(0,S.t)(),["protocol","extensions","binaryType"].forEach(e=>{this.nrData[e]=this[e]}),Et.add(this)}),this.addEventListener("message",e=>{const{type:t,size:r}=wt(e.data);this.nrData.messageOrigin??=(0,vt.L)(e.origin),this.nrData.messageCount++,this.nrData.messageBytes+=r,this.nrData.messageBytesMin=Math.min(this.nrData.messageBytesMin||1/0,r),this.nrData.messageBytesMax=Math.max(this.nrData.messageBytesMax,r),(this.nrData.messageTypes??"").includes(t)||(this.nrData.messageTypes=this.nrData.messageTypes?"".concat(this.nrData.messageTypes,",").concat(t):t)}),this.addEventListener("close",e=>{this.nrData.closedAt=(0,S.t)(),this.nrData.closeCode=e.code,e.reason&&(this.nrData.closeReason=e.reason),this.nrData.closeWasClean=e.wasClean,this.nrData.connectedDuration=this.nrData.closedAt-this.nrData.openedAt,Et.delete(this),r.emit("ws",[this.nrData,this.targets],this)})}addEventListener(e,t,...r){const n=this,s="function"==typeof t?function(...e){try{return t.apply(this,e)}catch(e){throw n.#a(e),e}}:t?.handleEvent?{handleEvent:function(...e){try{return t.handleEvent.apply(t,e)}catch(e){throw n.#a(e),e}}}:t;return super.addEventListener(e,s,...r)}send(e){if(this.readyState===WebSocket.OPEN){const{type:t,size:r}=wt(e);this.nrData.sendCount++,this.nrData.sendBytes+=r,this.nrData.sendBytesMin=Math.min(this.nrData.sendBytesMin||1/0,r),this.nrData.sendBytesMax=Math.max(this.nrData.sendBytesMax,r),(this.nrData.sendTypes??"").includes(t)||(this.nrData.sendTypes=this.nrData.sendTypes?"".concat(this.nrData.sendTypes,",").concat(t):t)}try{return super.send(e)}catch(e){throw this.#a(e),e}}close(...e){try{super.close(...e)}catch(e){throw this.#a(e),e}}}return g.gm.WebSocket=n,r}(this.ee,e);u.on("ws",(e,t)=>{(0,x.p)("ws-complete",[e,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})}if(i&&g.gm.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",e=>{(0,x.p)("spv",[e],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)},(0,q.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort.signal)),g.RI){if(He(this.ee,e),Le(this.ee,e),d=et(this.ee),e.init.user_actions.enabled){function l(t){const r=(0,We.D)(t);return e.beacons.includes(r.hostname+":"+r.port)}function f(){d.emit("navChange")}a.Zp.forEach(e=>(0,q.sp)(e,e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),!0)),a.qN.forEach(e=>{const t=(0,j.s)(e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},500,{leading:!0});(0,q.sp)(e,t)}),g.gm.addEventListener("error",()=>{(0,x.p)("uaErr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)},(0,q.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort.signal)),this.ee.on("open-xhr-start",(e,r)=>{l(e[1])||r.addEventListener("readystatechange",()=>{2===r.readyState&&(0,x.p)("uaXhr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)},(0,q.jT)(void 0,this.removeOnAbort.signal))}),this.ee.on("fetch-start",e=>{e.length>=1&&!l(Ue(e[0]))&&(0,x.p)("uaXhr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)}),d.on("pushState-end",f),d.on("replaceState-end",f),window.addEventListener("hashchange",f,(0,q.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",f,(0,q.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort.signal))}if(e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&g.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource")){new PerformanceObserver(e=>{e.getEntries().forEach(e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})}).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}}o.some(e=>e)?this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8019))):this.deregisterDrain()}}var Tt=r(2646);const xt=new Map;function St(e,t,r,n,s=!0,i){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const o=function(e){return(e||w.ee).get("logger")}(e),a=(0,_e.YM)(o,void 0,i),c=new Tt.y(w.P);c.level=n.level,c.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,c.autoCaptured=s;const d=t[r]?.[_e.Jt]||t[r];return xt.set(d,c),a.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",()=>xt.get(d),void 0,!0),o}var Ot=r(1910);class _t extends M{static featureName=ne.TZ;constructor(e){var t;super(e,ne.TZ),t=e,(0,_.Y)("log",(e,r)=>ie(e,r,t),t),function(e){(0,_.Y)(O.Wb,(t,r,{customAttributes:n={},level:s=ne.p_.INFO}={})=>{St(e.ee,t,r,{customAttributes:n,level:s},!1,e)},e)}(e),Ee(e);const n=this.ee;["log","error","warn","info","debug","trace"].forEach(t=>{(0,Ot.i)(g.gm.console[t]),St(n,g.gm.console,t,{level:"log"===t?"info":t},void 0,e)}),this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",function([e],t,r,s=[]){const{level:i,customAttributes:o,autoCaptured:a}=this;s.forEach(t=>{(0,se.R)(n,e,o,i,a,t)})}),this.importAggregator(e,()=>r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,5288)))}}new W({features:[Qe,H,U,lt,pt,z,Re,At,_t,mt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
  <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="brcbtbhpmq1wi5r01io58a9ox64p8b" />
  <style>
    .gta-home2021-banner--title,.gta-trending-recent--title{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:transparent;text-underline-offset:2px}@media (max-width:768px){.gta-home2021-banner--left.image,.gta-home2021-banner--left.video{width:100%}.gta-home2021-banner--right,.gta-home2021-banner--right.image{padding:20px;transition:none}}#primary-nav a{color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.1em;text-decoration:none;transition:none}.gta-home2021-banner--eyebrow{font-size:.875rem;margin:0;padding-bottom:15px}.gta-home2021-banner--title{font-size:2.625rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1em;padding-bottom:25px;transition:none!important}.gta-home2021-banner--title a{transition:none!important;color:#fff}.gta-home2021-banner--byline,.gta-home2021-banner--eyebrow{letter-spacing:.05em;line-height:1.67em;text-transform:uppercase;transition:none}.gta-home2021-banner--cta,.gta-trending-recent--link,.gta-trending-recent--link .gta-trending-recent--mobile-topic,.gta-trending-recent--link .gta-trending-recent--topic{transition:none!important}.gta-home2021-banner--cta{border-bottom:2px solid transparent;display:inline-block;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;line-height:1.22em;padding-bottom:0;text-transform:uppercase}.gta-trending-recent--title{color:#000;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3em;margin-top:30px;padding-right:15px;transition:none!important}.gta-site-nav--row{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:space-between;max-width:1510px;padding:0}.gta-site-nav--branding{flex:1 1 auto;order:1;padding:.5rem}.gta-site-nav--search{display:block;height:inherit;margin-left:auto!important;order:3;padding:0;position:relative;text-align:center;width:inherit}.gta-trending-recent--topic{font-size:.75rem;left:7px;line-height:2.16em;padding:5px 14px 6px;position:absolute;top:-7px}
    .gta-site-nav--branding img {
      width: 240px !important;
    }
  </style>
  <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />

<!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
<script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer>
	var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer";
	var dataLayer = dataLayer || [];

	const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_debugmode         = false;
	const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_callbacktime      = 100;
	const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_readerlocation    = 150;
	const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_contentelementid  = "content";
	const gtm4wp_scrollerscript_scannertime       = 60;
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
	<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v25.5) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ -->
	<title>Atlantic Council - Shaping the global future together</title>
	<meta name="description" content="The Atlantic Council is a nonpartisan organization that galvanizes US global leadership and engagement in partnership with allies and partners." />
	<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/" />
	<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
	<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
	<meta property="og:title" content="Atlantic Council - Shaping the global future together" />
	<meta property="og:description" content="Shaping the global future together. Renewing the Atlantic Community for global challenges." />
	<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/" />
	<meta property="og:site_name" content="Atlantic Council" />
	<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/AtlanticCouncil/" />
	<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2026-07-31T16:40:09+00:00" />
	<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AC.jpeg" />
	<meta property="og:image:width" content="1450" />
	<meta property="og:image:height" content="656" />
	<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" />
	<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
	<meta name="twitter:description" content="Working together to secure the future. Renewing the Atlantic Community for global challenges." />
	<meta name="twitter:site" content="@atlanticcouncil" />
	<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/","url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/","name":"Atlantic Council - Shaping the global future together","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#organization"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AC.jpeg","datePublished":"2021-10-07T00:00:37+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-31T16:40:09+00:00","description":"The Atlantic Council is a nonpartisan organization that galvanizes US global leadership and engagement in partnership with allies and partners.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AC.jpeg","contentUrl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AC.jpeg","width":1450,"height":656},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#website","url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/","name":"Atlantic Council","description":"Shaping the global future together","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#organization","name":"Atlantic Council","url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AC_Logo_Headshot-e1715182079594.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AC_Logo_Headshot-e1715182079594.jpg","width":599,"height":799,"caption":"Atlantic Council"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/AtlanticCouncil/","https://x.com/atlanticcouncil","https://www.youtube.com/atlanticcouncil","https://www.linkedin.com/company/atlantic-council/","https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAU03VJkK7En6dvY720","https://www.instagram.com/atlanticcouncil/"]}]}</script>
	<!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->


<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//unpkg.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//player.vimeo.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//translate.google.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Atlantic Council &raquo; Feed" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Atlantic Council &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/comments/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2F&#038;format=xml" />
<style id='wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css' type='text/css'>
img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
</style>
<style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-library-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}

/*# sourceURL=wp-block-library-inline-css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-button-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-button__link{align-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:100%;text-align:center;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-button__link.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-button__link.alignright{text-align:right}:where(.wp-block-button__link){border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}.wp-block-button[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button__link{text-decoration:inherit}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-width{max-width:none}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-width .wp-block-button__link{width:100%}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-font-size .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-25{width:calc(25% - var(--wp--style--block-gap, .5em)*.75)}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-50{width:calc(50% - var(--wp--style--block-gap, .5em)*.5)}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-75{width:calc(75% - var(--wp--style--block-gap, .5em)*.25)}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-100{flex-basis:100%;width:100%}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-25{width:25%}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-50{width:50%}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-75{width:75%}.wp-block-button.is-style-squared,.wp-block-button__link.wp-block-button.is-style-squared{border-radius:0}.wp-block-button.no-border-radius,.wp-block-button__link.no-border-radius{border-radius:0!important}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link){border:2px solid;padding:.667em 1.333em}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color)){color:currentColor}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-background)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background)){background-color:initial;background-image:none}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/button/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-heading-inline-css' type='text/css'>
h1:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h2:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h3:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h4:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h5:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h6:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}h1.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h1.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h2.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h2.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h3.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h3.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h4.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h4.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h5.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h5.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h6.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h6.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]){rotate:180deg}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/heading/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-media-text-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-media-text{box-sizing:border-box;
  /*!rtl:begin:ignore*/direction:ltr;
  /*!rtl:end:ignore*/display:grid;grid-template-columns:50% 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto}.wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right{grid-template-columns:1fr 50%}.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-top>.wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-top>.wp-block-media-text__media{align-self:start}.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-center>.wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-center>.wp-block-media-text__media,.wp-block-media-text>.wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text>.wp-block-media-text__media{align-self:center}.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-bottom>.wp-block-media-text__content,.wp-block-media-text.is-vertically-aligned-bottom>.wp-block-media-text__media{align-self:end}.wp-block-media-text>.wp-block-media-text__media{
  /*!rtl:begin:ignore*/grid-column:1;grid-row:1;
  /*!rtl:end:ignore*/margin:0}.wp-block-media-text>.wp-block-media-text__content{direction:ltr;
  /*!rtl:begin:ignore*/grid-column:2;grid-row:1;
  /*!rtl:end:ignore*/padding:0 8%;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right>.wp-block-media-text__media{
  /*!rtl:begin:ignore*/grid-column:2;grid-row:1
  /*!rtl:end:ignore*/}.wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right>.wp-block-media-text__content{
  /*!rtl:begin:ignore*/grid-column:1;grid-row:1
  /*!rtl:end:ignore*/}.wp-block-media-text__media a{display:block}.wp-block-media-text__media img,.wp-block-media-text__media video{height:auto;max-width:unset;vertical-align:middle;width:100%}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill>.wp-block-media-text__media{background-size:cover;height:100%;min-height:250px}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill>.wp-block-media-text__media>a{display:block;height:100%}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill>.wp-block-media-text__media img{height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill-element>.wp-block-media-text__media{height:100%;min-height:250px;position:relative}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill-element>.wp-block-media-text__media>a{display:block;height:100%}.wp-block-media-text.is-image-fill-element>.wp-block-media-text__media img{height:100%;object-fit:cover;position:absolute;width:100%}@media (max-width:600px){.wp-block-media-text.is-stacked-on-mobile{grid-template-columns:100%!important}.wp-block-media-text.is-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-media-text__media{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}.wp-block-media-text.is-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-media-text__content{grid-column:1;grid-row:2}}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/media-text/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-buttons-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-buttons{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical{flex-direction:column}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button{display:inline-block;margin:0}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-left{justify-content:flex-start}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-left.is-vertical{align-items:flex-start}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-center{justify-content:center}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-center.is-vertical{align-items:center}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-right{justify-content:flex-end}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-right.is-vertical{align-items:flex-end}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-buttons:not(.is-content-justification-space-between,.is-content-justification-right,.is-content-justification-left,.is-content-justification-center) .wp-block-button.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%}.wp-block-buttons[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button,.wp-block-buttons[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button__link{text-decoration:inherit}.wp-block-buttons.has-custom-font-size .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit}.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button__link{width:100%}.wp-block-button.aligncenter{text-align:center}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/buttons/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-columns-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-columns{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap!important}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}}.wp-block-columns{align-items:normal!important}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-top{align-items:flex-start}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-center{align-items:center}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-items:flex-end}@media (max-width:781px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:100%!important}}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1}.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0}}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0}:where(.wp-block-columns){margin-bottom:1.75em}:where(.wp-block-columns.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-column{flex-grow:1;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{align-self:flex-start}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center{align-self:center}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-self:flex-end}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-stretch{align-self:stretch}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{width:100%}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/columns/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-embed-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-embed.alignleft,.wp-block-embed.alignright,.wp-block[data-align=left]>[data-type="core/embed"],.wp-block[data-align=right]>[data-type="core/embed"]{max-width:360px;width:100%}.wp-block-embed.alignleft .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block-embed.alignright .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block[data-align=left]>[data-type="core/embed"] .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block[data-align=right]>[data-type="core/embed"] .wp-block-embed__wrapper{min-width:280px}.wp-block-cover .wp-block-embed{min-height:240px;min-width:320px}.wp-block-embed{overflow-wrap:break-word}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-block-embed iframe{max-width:100%}.wp-block-embed__wrapper{position:relative}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{content:"";display:block;padding-top:50%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio iframe{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-21-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:42.85%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-18-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:50%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-16-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:56.25%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-4-3 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:75%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-1-1 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:100%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-9-16 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:177.77%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-1-2 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:200%}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/embed/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-group-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-group{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/group/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id='wp-block-paragraph-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg}
/*# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/blocks/paragraph/style.min.css */
</style>

<style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */
</style>
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,0) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
</style>

<link id="cookie-notice-front-css" rel="preload" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/css/front.min.css?ver=2.5.7" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><link id="plyr-css" rel="preload" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/css/plyr.min.css?ver=3.7.8" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><link id="wplyr-css" rel="preload" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/css/wplyr.css?ver=1.3.0" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><style id='wplyr-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root { --plyr-color-main: #fca311; }
/*# sourceURL=wplyr-inline-css */
</style>
<link id="content-visibility-public-css" rel="preload" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/content-visibility/includes/public/content-visibility-public.css?ver=6.9.1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><link id="typekit-css" rel="preload" href="https://use.typekit.net/ndq7mul.css" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><link id="roboto-slab-css" rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Slab:400,700&#038;display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><link id="main-styles-css" rel="preload" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/styles/main.css?ver=174845645642603" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><style id='ultimate-ada-translator-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.ultimate-ada-translator {
	box-sizing: border-box;
	direction: ltr;
	display: inline-flex;
	position: relative;
	vertical-align: middle;
}

html.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl {
	direction: rtl;
}

/* Preserve the selected direction when original content hard-codes it. */
body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content * {
	direction: ltr !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content [style*="text-align: right"],
body.ultimate-ada-translator-ltr .site-content [style*="text-align:right"] {
	text-align: left !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content * {
	direction: rtl !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content [style*="text-align: left"],
body.ultimate-ada-translator-rtl .site-content [style*="text-align:left"] {
	text-align: right !important;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator *,
.ultimate-ada-translator *::before,
.ultimate-ada-translator *::after {
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator .notranslate {
	translate: no;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger {
	align-items: center;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	border-radius: 999px;
	color: #fff;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: inline-flex;
	height: 2.25rem;
	justify-content: center;
	line-height: 1;
	padding: 0;
	position: relative;
	width: 2.25rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:hover,
.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__trigger {
	background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__close:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__tab:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__search:focus,
.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__reset:focus-visible,
.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button:focus-visible {
	outline: 3px solid #99cfff;
	outline-offset: 2px;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__icon {
	display: block;
	height: 1.5625rem;
	transform: none;
	width: 1.5625rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip {
	background: #1f2933;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #fff;
	font-size: 0.75rem;
	left: 50%;
	line-height: 1.2;
	opacity: 0;
	padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
	pointer-events: none;
	position: absolute;
	top: calc(100% + 0.45rem);
	transform: translateX(-50%);
	transition: opacity 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s ease;
	visibility: hidden;
	white-space: nowrap;
	z-index: 4;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:hover .ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip,
.ultimate-ada-translator__trigger:focus-visible .ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip {
	opacity: 1;
	visibility: visible;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__backdrop {
	background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.48);
	border: 0;
	cursor: default;
	inset: 0;
	opacity: 0;
	padding: 0;
	pointer-events: none;
	position: fixed;
	transition: opacity 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s ease;
	visibility: hidden;
	z-index: 999990;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
	background: #fff;
	border: 1px solid #d8dee6;
	border-radius: 8px;
	box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.32);
	color: #17202a;
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
	gap: 0.875rem;
	left: 50%;
	max-height: min(34rem, calc(100vh - 3rem));
	max-width: min(92vw, 28rem);
	min-width: min(92vw, 20rem);
	opacity: 0;
	overflow: hidden;
	padding: 1rem;
	pointer-events: none;
	position: fixed;
	top: 50%;
	transform: translate(-50%, -48%);
	transition: opacity 0.16s ease, transform 0.16s ease, visibility 0.16s ease;
	visibility: hidden;
	width: 28rem;
	z-index: 1000000;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__backdrop,
.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
	opacity: 1;
	pointer-events: auto;
	visibility: visible;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator[data-open="true"] .ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
	transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__panel-header {
	align-items: flex-start;
	display: flex;
	gap: 0.75rem;
	justify-content: space-between;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tabs {
	align-items: stretch;
	background: #eef2f7;
	border-radius: 6px;
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
	gap: 0;
	min-height: 2.75rem;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab {
	appearance: none;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	border-radius: 0;
	color: #334155;
	cursor: pointer;
	font: inherit;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.2;
	margin: 0;
	min-height: 2.75rem;
	padding: 0.75rem 0.875rem;
	text-align: center;
	transition: background 0.16s ease, color 0.16s ease;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab.is-active {
	background: #fff;
	color: #0f172a;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel[hidden] {
	display: none !important;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel {
	display: flex;
	flex: 1 1 auto;
	flex-direction: column;
	gap: 0.75rem;
	min-height: 0;
	overflow-y: auto;
	padding-right: 0.25rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__title {
	color: #0f172a;
	font-size: 0.875rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.3;
	margin: 0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__copy,
.ultimate-ada-translator__status,
.ultimate-ada-translator__empty {
	color: #475569;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	line-height: 1.4;
	margin: 0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__close {
	align-items: center;
	background: transparent;
	border: 0;
	border-radius: 999px;
	color: #334155;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: inline-flex;
	height: 2rem;
	justify-content: center;
	line-height: 1;
	margin: -0.375rem -0.375rem 0 0;
	padding: 0;
	width: 2rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__close:hover {
	background: #e2e8f0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__close svg {
	display: block;
	height: 1.125rem;
	width: 1.125rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__field {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.375rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy {
	color: #475569;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	line-height: 1.45;
	margin: 0;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__label {
	color: inherit;
	font-size: 0.875rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.3;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__search,
.ultimate-ada-translator__select {
	appearance: none;
	background-color: #fff;
	border: 1px solid #94a3b8;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #1f2933;
	font: inherit;
	line-height: 1.4;
	min-height: 2.35rem;
	padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
	width: 100%;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__select {
	display: none;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__reset {
	background-color: transparent;
	border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #0f172a;
	cursor: pointer;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	line-height: 1.2;
	min-height: 2.125rem;
	padding: 0.45rem 0.625rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__reset:hover {
	background-color: #005ea8;
	border-color: #005ea8;
	color: #fff;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-options {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.5rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button {
	align-items: center;
	background: #f8fafc;
	border: 1px solid #d8dee6;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #0f172a;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: flex;
	font: inherit;
	font-size: 0.8125rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	justify-content: flex-start;
	line-height: 1.3;
	min-height: 2.5rem;
	padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
	text-align: left;
	transition: background 0.16s ease, border-color 0.16s ease, color 0.16s ease;
	width: 100%;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button:hover,
.ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button.is-active {
	background: #e0f2fe;
	border-color: #0284c7;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__list {
	display: grid;
	gap: 0.375rem;
	max-height: min(16rem, calc(100vh - 18rem));
	overflow: auto;
	padding-right: 0.25rem;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button {
	align-items: center;
	background: #f8fafc;
	border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
	border-radius: 4px;
	color: #0f172a;
	cursor: pointer;
	display: flex;
	font: inherit;
	gap: 0.5rem;
	justify-content: space-between;
	line-height: 1.25;
	min-height: 2.25rem;
	padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem;
	text-align: left;
	width: 100%;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button:hover,
.ultimate-ada-translator__language-button.is-active {
	background: #e0f2fe;
	border-color: #0284c7;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator__language-code {
	color: #64748b;
	font-size: 0.6875rem;
	font-weight: 700;
	letter-spacing: 0.04em;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator--menu {
	min-width: 0;
	width: auto;
}

#primary-nav .ultimate-ada-translator--menu {
	margin-top: -10px;
}

.ultimate-ada-translator-menu-item {
	position: relative;
}

#ultimate_ada_translate_element,
.skiptranslate iframe,
iframe.goog-te-banner-frame,
.goog-te-banner-frame,
.VIpgJd-ZVi9od-ORHb-OEVmcd {
	display: none !important;
	visibility: hidden !important;
}

body {
	top: 0 !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-lightbox-open {
	overflow: hidden;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast * {
	background-color: #000 !important;
	border-color: #fff !important;
	color: #fff !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast a {
	color: #ff0 !important;
	text-decoration: underline !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast img {
	filter: grayscale(100%);
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-links a {
	background: #ff0 !important;
	color: #111827 !important;
	padding: 0 2px;
	text-decoration: underline !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia button,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia input,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia select,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia textarea,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia p,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia li,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia span,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia a,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h1,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h2,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h3,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h4,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h5,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia h6 {
	font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;
	letter-spacing: 0.03em !important;
	word-spacing: 0.08em !important;
}

body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion *,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion *::before,
body.ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion *::after {
	animation: none !important;
	scroll-behavior: auto !important;
	transition: none !important;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
	.ultimate-ada-translator__panel {
		border-radius: 8px;
		max-height: calc(100vh - 2rem);
		min-width: calc(100vw - 2rem);
		width: calc(100vw - 2rem);
	}

	.ultimate-ada-translator__list {
		max-height: calc(100vh - 19rem);
	}

	.ultimate-ada-translator__tab {
		font-size: 0.75rem;
		padding: 0.75rem 0.5rem;
	}
}
/*# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='fwdu3dcar-css' href='https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/fwdu3dcar/css/fwdu3dcar.css?ver=2.0' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link id="ac-algolia-search-css-css" rel="preload" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/ac-algolia-search/build/ac-algolia-search.css?ver=02e60a05c99daf57937d" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><script type="text/javascript" id="cookie-notice-front-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var cnArgs = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"1061ea5262","hideEffect":"fade","position":"bottom","onScroll":false,"onScrollOffset":100,"onClick":false,"cookieName":"cookie_notice_accepted","cookieTime":2592000,"cookieTimeRejected":2592000,"globalCookie":false,"redirection":false,"cache":false,"revokeCookies":false,"revokeCookiesOpt":"automatic"};

//# sourceURL=cookie-notice-front-js-before
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/js/front.min.js?ver=2.5.7" id="cookie-notice-front-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/tooltips-pro/js/qtip3/jquery.qtip.js?ver=6.9.1" id="qtip2js-js"></script>
<script async type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/analytics-talk-content-tracking.js?ver=1.21.1" id="gtm4wp-scroll-tracking-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/442023" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.9.1" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/' />
  <script type="text/javascript">
    _linkedin_partner_id = "1698650";
    window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || [];
    window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);
  </script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
    var b = document.createElement("script");
    b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true;
    b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";
    s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})();
  </script>
  <noscript>
    <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=1698650&fmt=gif" />
  </noscript>
<script>
	function expand(param) {
		param.style.display = (param.style.display == "none") ? "block" : "none";
	}
	function read_toggle(id, more, less) {
		el = document.getElementById("readlink" + id);
		el.innerHTML = (el.innerHTML == more) ? less : more;
		expand(document.getElementById("read" + id));
	}
	</script>        <style type="text/css">
					</style>
        	<style type="text/css">
	.tooltips_table .tooltipsall
	{
		border-bottom:none !important;
	}
	.tooltips_table span {
		color: inherit;
	}
	.qtip-content .tooltipsall
	{
		border-bottom:none !important;
		color: inherit !important;
	}
	</style>
		<style type="text/css">
	.tooltipsall:hover {
		color: #f2783e;
	}
	</style>
			<style type="text/css">
			.tooltipsall
			{
		    	border-bottom:2px dotted #888;
			}
		</style>
			<style type="text/css">
			.navitems a
			{
				text-decoration: none !important;
			}
		</style>
		
<!-- Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
<!-- GTM Container placement set to automatic -->
<script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer>
	var dataLayer_content = {"pageTitle":"Atlantic Council - Shaping the global future together","pagePostType":"frontpage","pagePostType2":"single-page","pagePostAuthor":"kmiho","pagePostDate":"October 6, 2021","pagePostDateYear":2021,"pagePostDateMonth":10,"pagePostDateDay":6,"pagePostDateDayName":"Wednesday","pagePostDateHour":20,"pagePostDateMinute":0,"pagePostDateIso":"2021-10-06T20:00:37-04:00","pagePostDateUnix":1633550437,"pagePostTerms":{"meta":{"banner_title":"The 2021 Economic Scorecard: How China stacks up with the US and its allies","banner_summary":"Our new study reveals that China is conflicted—slowly opening up its economy in some areas while swiftly retrenching in others.","banner_link_text":"Read our Big Story","banner_link":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/content-series\/the-big-story\/the-2021-economic-scorecard-how-china-stacks-up-with-the-us-and-its-allies\/","featured_callouts_0_banner":"Economy","featured_callouts_0_image":441268,"featured_callouts_0_title":"China Pathfinder: Annual Scorecard","featured_callouts_0_description":"Experts dive into a fundamental question: Is China becoming more, or less, like other open-market economies?","featured_callouts_0_link_text":"Read more","featured_callouts_0_link":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/in-depth-research-reports\/report\/china-pathfinder-2021\/","featured_callouts_1_banner":"Trade","featured_callouts_1_image":441813,"featured_callouts_1_title":"How trade could transform US-India ties","featured_callouts_1_description":"Washington and New Delhi need a joint vision for a deeper, broader, and more integrated economic relationship.","featured_callouts_1_link_text":"Read more","featured_callouts_1_link":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/how-trade-could-transform-us-india-ties\/","featured_callouts_2_banner":"Afghanistan","featured_callouts_2_image":441476,"featured_callouts_2_title":"How a misguided Vietnam analogy sealed the Afghanistan disaster","featured_callouts_2_description":"During Afghanistan, the Vietnam analogy said a lot about the state of mind of those using it—a state of mind that ultimately led policymakers to make decisions based on a faulty view of the war.","featured_callouts_2_link_text":"Read more","featured_callouts_2_link":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/how-a-misguided-vietnam-analogy-sealed-the-afghanistan-disaster\/","featured_callouts":4,"featured_callouts_3_banner":"Japan","featured_callouts_3_image":441077,"featured_callouts_3_title":"Kishidanomics: Investing in Japan’s green, digital future","featured_callouts_3_description":"Newly minted Prime Minister Fumio Kishida is hoping to kickstart a \"virtuous cycle of growth\" with public and private investment.","featured_callouts_3_link_text":"Read more","featured_callouts_3_link":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/kishidanomics-investing-in-japans-green-digital-future\/","selectedTooltipStyle":"","tooltipsforforms":"","disable_to_this_page":"","remove_tooltips_style_js_from_this_page":"","disable_specific_tooltips_to_this_page":"","delay_execution_of_tooltip_in_page":"","enable_advance_tooltip_shortcode":"no","toolstipssynonyms":"","toolstipsfullvideourl":"","toolstipsyoutubevideo":"","toolstipsyoutubeheight":"","toolstipsyoutubewidth":"","toolstipbulletscreentag":"","promote_content":0,"custom_buttons":"","custom_twitter_message":"","theme":"dark","eyebrow":"Middle East","title":"10 questions (and expert answers) about the deal to disarm Hamas","byline":"","content":"Atlantic Council experts weigh in on the newly announced agreement, which could lead to the disarmament of the Gaza-based terrorist group.","link":"a:3:{s:5:\"title\";s:9:\"Read more\";s:3:\"url\";s:103:\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/dispatches\/questions-and-expert-answers-about-the-deal-to-disarm-hamas\/\";s:6:\"target\";s:0:\"\";}","media_type":"image","image":938270,"trending_and_recent":4,"trending_and_recent_0_topic":"Technology","trending_and_recent_0_image":937305,"trending_and_recent_0_title":"How will Trump’s new science strategy change US research?","trending_and_recent_0_link":"a:3:{s:5:\"title\";s:59:\"How will Trump’s new science strategy change US research?\";s:3:\"url\";s:99:\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/dispatches\/how-will-trumps-new-science-strategy-change-us-research\/\";s:6:\"target\";s:0:\"\";}","trending_and_recent_1_topic":"Middle East","trending_and_recent_1_image":936654,"trending_and_recent_1_title":"With a Saudi deal, the US begins ‘Plan C’ for nonproliferation in the Middle East","trending_and_recent_1_link":"a:3:{s:5:\"title\";s:85:\"With a Saudi deal, the US begins ‘Plan C’ for nonproliferation in the Middle East\";s:3:\"url\";s:122:\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/dispatches\/with-a-saudi-deal-the-us-begins-plan-c-for-nonproliferation-in-the-middle-east\/\";s:6:\"target\";s:0:\"\";}","trending_and_recent_2_topic":"Economics & Business","trending_and_recent_2_image":936555,"trending_and_recent_2_title":"Mapping US investment in Latin America and the Caribbean","trending_and_recent_2_link":"a:3:{s:5:\"title\";s:56:\"Mapping US investment in Latin America and the Caribbean\";s:3:\"url\";s:122:\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/in-depth-research-reports\/report\/mapping-us-investment-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/\";s:6:\"target\";s:0:\"\";}","trending_and_recent_3_topic":"Artificial Intelligence","trending_and_recent_3_image":937673,"trending_and_recent_3_title":"The Fable 5 shutdown and the troubling precedent it sets for AI policy","trending_and_recent_3_link":"a:3:{s:5:\"title\";s:70:\"The Fable 5 shutdown and the troubling precedent it sets for AI policy\";s:3:\"url\";s:114:\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/dispatches\/the-fable-5-shutdown-and-the-troubling-precedent-it-sets-for-ai-policy\/\";s:6:\"target\";s:0:\"\";}","video":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hVdSGwryPvk","style":"full","media_position":"left","title_size":"small","content_size":"medium","footnotes":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0}},"postID":442023,"postFormat":"standard"};
	dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content );
</script>
<script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer>
(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WDZXTM6');
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager for WordPress by gtm4wp.com -->
		<script>
		(function(h,o,t,j,a,r){
			h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)};
			h._hjSettings={hjid:3116116,hjsv:5};
			a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
			r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1;
			r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv;
			a.appendChild(r);
		})(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv=');
		</script>
		<!-- YouTube Feeds CSS -->
<style type="text/css">
[id^=sb_youtube_].sb_youtube .sby_ls_message { font-size: 15px !important; }
</style>
<style>.wp-block-gallery.is-cropped .blocks-gallery-item picture{height:100%;width:100%;}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/favicon-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/favicon-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/favicon-300x300.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/favicon-300x300.png" />
<style type="text/css">

*[id^='readlink'] {
 font-weight: normal;
 color: #000000;
 background: #ffffff;
 padding: 0px;
 border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;
 -webkit-box-shadow: none !important;
 box-shadow: none !important;
 -webkit-transition: none !important;
}

*[id^='readlink']:hover {
 font-weight: normal;
 color: #191919;
 padding: 0px;
 border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;
}

*[id^='readlink']:focus {
 outline: none;
 color: #000000;
}

</style>
		<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
			.page-id-907101 .site-content {
	background-color: #000;
}
.page-id-907101 .gta-site-banner {
	min-height: 350px;
}
#sby_feed_57 .sby_meta {
    /* Your custom styles here */
	font-size: 18px;
}

/* ===================================================
   Smash Balloon YouTube Feed Meta Styling
   Page: /war-with-iran/ (page-id-909354)
   =================================================== */

body.page-id-909354 .sby_meta {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #4a4a4a;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}

/* Links inside the meta area */
body.page-id-909354 .sby_meta a {
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: inherit;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #c62828;
    text-decoration: none;
}

body.page-id-909354 .sby_meta a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    color: #8e1c1c;
}

/* Optional: target specific meta components if present */
body.page-id-909354 .sby_meta .sby_date,
body.page-id-909354 .sby_meta .sby_views,
body.page-id-909354 .sby_meta .sby_author {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #666;
}
/* IMF WB Week 2026 Thai Themed background */
body.page-id-628120::before,
body.page-id-628120::after {
    content: "";
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 280px;
    height: 100%;
    background-repeat: repeat-y;
    background-size: 280px 280px;
    opacity: 0.09;
    z-index: -1;
    pointer-events: none;
}
body.page-id-628120::before {
    left: 0;
    background-image: url("https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/IMFWBWeek_Logo_Thailand_Color_Pattern.png");
}
body.page-id-628120::after {
    right: 0;
    background-image: url("https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/IMFWBWeek_Logo_Thailand_Color_Pattern.png");
}		</style>
		<style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fdcfc74e{justify-content:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7{flex-wrap:nowrap;}
/*# sourceURL=core-block-supports-inline-css */
</style>

</head>

<body class="home wp-singular page-template page-template-pages page-template-home-2021 page-template-pageshome-2021-php page page-id-442023 wp-theme-atlantic-council cookies-not-set group-blog">
  <div id="acShareMenu" popover hidden>
  <section class="popover-content">
    <div class="popover-header">
      <h5 class="popover-title">Share</h5>
      <button type="text" class="popover-close" aria-labelledby="sr-close" title="Close" popovertarget="acShareMenu" popovertargetaction="close">
        <span id="sr-close" hidden>Close</span>
        <svg aria-hidden="true" class="symbol-xmark"><use xlink:href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=174845645642603#xmark"></use></svg>
      </button>
    </div>
    <a href="mailto:?subject=Atlantic%20Council%20&#8211;%20Shaping%20the%20global%20future%20together&#038;body=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/"
  title="Share by Email"
  data-share-link="email"
  class="e-share-link">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" class="symbol-envelope">
      <use xlink:href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=174845645642603?ver=174845645642603#envelope"></use>
  </svg>
  Mail
</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2F"
  title="Share on Facebook"
  data-share-link="facebook"
  onclick="window.open(this.href,'targetWindow', 'toolbar=no, location=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=yes, resizable=yes, width=800px, height=600px'); return false;"
  class="e-share-link">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" class="symbol-facebook">
    <use xlink:href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=174845645642603?ver=174845645642603#facebook"></use>
  </svg>
  Facebook
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2F&#038;text=Atlantic+Council+%26%238211%3B+Shaping+the+global+future+together"
  title="Share on Twitter"
  data-share-link="twitter"
  onclick="window.open(this.href,'targetWindow', 'toolbar=no, location=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=yes, resizable=yes, width=800px, height=600px'); return false;"
  class="e-share-link">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" class="symbol-twitter">
    <use xlink:href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=174845645642603?ver=174845645642603#twitter"></use>
  </svg>
  Twitter / X
</a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/&#038;text=Atlantic+Council+%26%238211%3B+Shaping+the+global+future+together%20%5Bhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/%5D"
  title="Share on LinkedIn"
  data-share-link="linkedin"
  onclick="window.open(this.href,'targetWindow', 'toolbar=no, location=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=yes, resizable=yes, width=800px, height=600px'); return false;"
  class="e-share-link">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" class="symbol-linkedin">
    <use xlink:href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=174845645642603?ver=174845645642603#linkedin"></use>
  </svg>
  LinkedIn
</a>
  </section>
</div>
  <div id="page" class="site">

    <header id="masthead" class="gta-site-header" role="banner">
      <nav id="site-nav" class="gta-site-nav" role="navigation">
        <div class="gta-site-nav--row">
          <div class="gta-site-nav--branding">
            <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/" rel="home" class="gta-site-nav--logo">
                              <img src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/AC-logo-light.svg" alt="Atlantic Council Logo" width="240" height="34" fetchpriority="high">
                          </a>
          </div>
          <ul id="primary-nav" class="menu"><li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Insight</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Issue briefs and reports</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021-03-03T180700Z_2075616308_MT1SIPA000JD7O9L_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1024x683.jpg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">Issue briefs and reports</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">Our programs and centers deliver in-depth, highly relevant issue briefs and reports that break new ground, shift opinions, and set agendas on public policy, with a focus on advancing debates by integrating foundational research and analysis with concrete policy solutions.</p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/fastthinking/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Fast Thinking</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/fastthinking/"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2014-03-12T000000Z_549186714_GM1EA3C1A3O01_RTRMADP_3_MALAYSIA-AIRLINES-1024x681.jpg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">Fast Thinking</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">When major global news breaks, the Atlantic Council’s experts have you covered—delivering their sharpest rapid insight and forward-looking analysis direct to your inbox.</p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="/dispatches"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Dispatches</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="/dispatches"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dispatches-logo-menu.svg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">Dispatches</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">Reports from the front lines of global policy—by the experts shaping it. </p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/inflection-points/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Inflection Points</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/inflection-points/"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/1989-11-10T120000Z_692258117_RP1DRILKGPAB_RTRMADP_3_ANNIVERSARY-WALL-2-1024x777.jpg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">Inflection Points</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">A weekly column by Atlantic Council President and CEO Frederick Kempe, Inflection Points focuses on the global challenges facing the United States and how to best address them.</p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/ukrainealert/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">UkraineAlert</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/ukrainealert/"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/thumb-UkraineAlert-Unsplash-Silver-Ringvee-hZvVWVhk3g.jpg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">UkraineAlert</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">UkraineAlert is a comprehensive online publication that provides regular news and analysis on developments in Ukraine’s politics, economy, civil society, and culture. UkraineAlert sources analysis and commentary from a wide-array of thought-leaders, politicians, experts, and activists from Ukraine and the global community.</p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/menasource/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">MENASource</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/menasource/"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gulf-1.jpg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">MENASource</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">MENASource offers the latest news from across the Middle East, combined with commentary by contributors, interviews with emerging players, multi-media content, and independent analysis from fellows and staff.</p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/econographics/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Econographics</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><div class="menu-highlight"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/econographics/"><div class="menu-highlight--img" style="background-image: url( https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MicrosoftTeams-image-25-1024x683.jpg)"></div><h4 class="menu-highlight--title">Econographics</h4><p class="menu-highlight--content">Econographics provides an in-depth look at trends in the global economy utilizing state-of-the-art data visualization tools.</p></a></div></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">More sections</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/africasource/">AfricaSource</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/energysource/">EnergySource</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/geotech-cues/">GeoTech Cues</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/turkeysource/">TurkeySource</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Events</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Upcoming events</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/acfrontpage/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">AC Front Page</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/galas-and-flagships/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Galas and flagship events</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.tv/">ACTV</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Issues</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/politics-diplomacy/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Politics & Diplomacy</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/politics-diplomacy/">All Politics & Diplomacy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/corruption/">Corruption</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/democratic-transitions/">Democratic Transitions</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/elections/">Elections</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/politics-diplomacy/freedom-and-prosperity/">Freedom and Prosperity</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/international-norms/">International Norms</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/media/">Media</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/political-reform/">Political Reform</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/rule-of-law/">Rule of Law</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/international-organizations/">International Organizations</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/united-nations/">United Nations</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/security-defense/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Security & Defense</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/security-defense/">All Security & Defense</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/arms-control/">Arms Control</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/conflict/">Conflict</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/defense-industry/">Defense Industry</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/defense-policy/">Defense Policy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/defense-technologies/">Defense Technologies</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/extremism/">Extremism</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/intelligence/">Intelligence</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/national-security/">National Security</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/nato/">NATO</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/non-traditional-threats/">Non-Traditional Threats</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/security-defense/nuclear-deterrence/">Nuclear Deterrence</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/nuclear-nonproliferation/">Nuclear Nonproliferation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/peacekeeping-and-peacebuilding/">Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/security-partnerships/">Security Partnerships</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/terrorism/">Terrorism</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/economy-business/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Economy & Business</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/economy-business/">All Economy & Business</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/digital-currencies/">Digital Currencies</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/digital-policy/">Digital Policy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/dollar-dominance/">Dollar Dominance</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issues"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/financial-crimes-illicit-trade/">Financial Crimes &amp; Illicit Trade</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/financial-regulation/">Financial Regulation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/fiscal-and-structural-reform/">Fiscal and Structural Reform</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/financial-sanctions-and-economic-coercion/">Financial Sanctions and Economic Coercion</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/g20/">G20</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/inclusive-growth/">Inclusive Growth</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/international-financial-institutions/">International Financial Institutions</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/macroeconomics/">Macroeconomics</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/positive-economic-statecraft/">Positive Economic Statecraft</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/trade-and-tariffs/">Trade & Tariffs</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Energy & Environment</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/">All Energy & Environment</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/climate-change-climate-action/">Climate Change & Climate Action</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/critical-minerals/">Critical Minerals</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-markets-governance/">Energy Markets & Governance</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-transitions/">Energy Transitions</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/geopolitics-energy-security/">Geopolitics & Energy Security</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/energy-environment/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/nuclear-energy/">Nuclear Energy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/oil-and-gas/">Oil & Gas</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/renewables-advanced-energy/">Renewables & Advanced Energy</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience-society/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Resilience & Society</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience-society/">All Resilience & Society</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/civil-society/">Civil Society</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/coronavirus/">Coronavirus</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/education/">Education</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/human-rights/">Human Rights</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/migration/">Migration</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/nationalism/">Nationalism</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/populism/">Populism</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience/">Resilience</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/women/">Women</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/youth/">Youth</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/technology-innovation/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Technology & Innovation</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-issues</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/technology-innovation/">All Technology & Innovation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/artificial-intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/cybersecurity/">Cybersecurity</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/disinformation/">Disinformation</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/drones/">Drones</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/entrepreneurship/">Entrepreneurship</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/internet/">Internet</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/space/">Space</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Regions</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/africa"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Africa</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/africa">All Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/angola/">Angola</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/democratic-repubic-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/east-africa/">East Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/eritrea/">Eritrea</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/ethiopia/">Ethiopia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/morocco/">Morocco</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/north-and-west-africa/">North & West Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/sahel/">Sahel</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/south-central-africa/">South & Central Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/south-africa/">South Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/sudan/">Sudan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/somalia/">Somalia</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/americas/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Americas</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/americas">All Americas</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/united-states-canada/">United States and Canada</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/latin-america/">Latin America</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/brazil/">Brazil</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/caribbean/">Caribbean</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/colombia/">Colombia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/Mexico/">Mexico</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/central-america/">Central America</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/venezuela/">Venezuela</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/europe-eurasia"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Europe & Eurasia</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/europe-eurasia">All Europe & Eurasia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/european-union/">European Union</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/balkans/">The Balkans</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/belarus/">Belarus</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/the-caucasus/">The Caucasus</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/france/">France</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/germany/">Germany</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/greenland/">Greenland</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/italy/">Italy</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/moldova/">Moldova</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/northern-europe/">Northern Europe</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/poland/">Poland</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/russia/">Russia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/turkey/">Turkey</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/united-kingdom/">United Kingdom</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/indo-pacific/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Indo-Pacific</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/indo-pacific">All Indo-Pacific</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/australia/">Australia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/bangladesh/">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/china/">China</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/india/">India</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/japan/">Japan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/korea/">Korea</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/taiwan/">Taiwan</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/middle-east/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Middle East</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><span class="menu-depth-1--sub-menu-title">Sub-regions</span><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/middle-east">All Middle East</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/the-gulf/">The Gulf</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/north-africa/">North Africa</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/iran/">Iran</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/iraq/">Iraq</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/israel/">Israel</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/lebanon/">Lebanon</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/libya/">Libya</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/saudi-arabia/">Saudi Arabia</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/syria/">Syria</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/yemen/">Yemen</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">Experts</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/people/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Find an expert</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/media#contact"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Request a media interview</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#">About</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Programs</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/adrienne-arsht-latin-america-center/">Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/africa-center/">Africa Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/atlantic-council-turkey-program/">Atlantic Council Turkey Program</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/climate-resilience-center/">Climate Resilience Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/cyber-statecraft-initiative/">Cyber Statecraft Initiative</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab/">Digital Forensic Research Lab</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/eurasia-center/">Eurasia Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/europe-center/">Europe Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/freedom-and-prosperity-center/">Freedom and Prosperity Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geoeconomics-center/">GeoEconomics Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geotech-center/">GeoTech Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/global-china-hub/">Global China Hub</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/global-energy-center/">Global Energy Center</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/millennium-leadership-program/">Millennium Leadership Program</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/middle-east-programs/">Rafik Hariri Center & Middle East programs</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/scowcroft-center-for-strategy-and-security/">Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security</a></li>
	</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/visiting-atlantic-council/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Visit or contact us</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">About the Atlantic Council</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/get-involved/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Get involved</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/leadership-and-governance/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Leadership & governance</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/media/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">For media</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="#colophon"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Subscribe by email</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/careers/"><span class="menu-depth-1-inner-span">Find job opportunities</span><div class="menu-depth-1-hover"></div></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/donate/">Donate</a></li>
<li class="menu-depth-0  menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ultimate-ada-translator-menu-item">	<div class="ultimate-ada-translator ultimate-ada-translator--menu notranslate" data-ultimate-ada-translator data-source-language="en" data-source-google-code="en" data-default-language="en" data-selected-language="en" data-open="false" data-active-tab="language" translate="no">
		<button
			class="ultimate-ada-translator__trigger"
			data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger
			type="button"
			aria-expanded="false"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-1-panel"
			aria-label="Open language translator"
		>
			<span class="ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Translate</span>
			<svg class="ultimate-ada-translator__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 96 85" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
				<path d="M26 0h4v1h-4zM25 1h6v1h-6zM24 2h8v11h-8zM3 13h52v1h-52zM1 14h56v1h-56zM0 15h58v2h-58zM0 17h59v1h-59zM0 18h58v1h-58zM1 19h57v1h-57zM2 20h55v1h-55zM43 21h9v1h-9zM43 22h8v1h-8zM42 23h9v1h-9zM42 24h8v1h-8zM41 25h9v2h-9zM13 27h5v1h-5zM41 27h8v1h-8zM67 27h5v1h-5zM40 28h9v1h-9zM66 28h7v1h-7zM12 28h7v2h-7zM65 29h8v1h-8zM12 30h8v1h-8zM39 29h9v2h-9zM65 30h9v2h-9zM12 31h9v2h-9zM38 31h9v2h-9zM64 32h10v1h-10zM13 33h9v1h-9zM37 33h9v1h-9zM64 33h11v1h-11zM13 34h10v1h-10zM36 34h10v1h-10zM63 34h12v1h-12zM14 35h10v1h-10zM36 35h9v1h-9zM63 35h13v1h-13zM15 36h9v1h-9zM35 36h9v1h-9zM62 36h14v1h-14zM15 37h10v1h-10zM34 37h10v1h-10zM62 37h15v1h-15zM16 38h10v1h-10zM33 38h10v1h-10zM61 38h16v1h-16zM17 39h10v1h-10zM32 39h10v1h-10zM18 40h10v1h-10zM31 40h11v1h-11zM61 39h17v2h-17zM18 41h11v1h-11zM31 41h10v1h-10zM60 41h9v1h-9zM19 42h21v1h-21zM60 42h8v1h-8zM70 41h9v2h-9zM20 43h19v1h-19zM59 43h9v1h-9zM71 43h8v1h-8zM21 44h17v1h-17zM59 44h8v1h-8zM71 44h9v1h-9zM22 45h15v1h-15zM58 45h9v1h-9zM72 45h8v1h-8zM23 46h13v1h-13zM58 46h8v1h-8zM72 46h9v1h-9zM23 47h14v1h-14zM73 47h8v1h-8zM22 48h17v1h-17zM57 47h9v2h-9zM73 48h9v1h-9zM20 49h20v1h-20zM74 49h8v1h-8zM19 50h23v1h-23zM56 49h9v2h-9zM17 51h28v1h-28zM56 51h8v1h-8zM74 50h9v2h-9zM15 52h15v1h-15zM31 52h16v1h-16zM55 52h9v1h-9zM75 52h8v1h-8zM13 53h15v1h-15zM32 53h17v1h-17zM55 53h8v1h-8zM75 53h9v1h-9zM11 54h16v1h-16zM34 54h17v1h-17zM54 54h9v1h-9zM76 54h8v1h-8zM9 55h16v1h-16zM35 55h27v1h-27zM76 55h9v1h-9zM7 56h17v1h-17zM37 56h25v1h-25zM77 56h8v1h-8zM6 57h16v1h-16zM39 57h23v1h-23zM77 57h9v1h-9zM6 58h14v1h-14zM41 58h20v1h-20zM78 58h8v1h-8zM5 59h13v1h-13zM43 59h18v1h-18zM78 59h9v1h-9zM5 60h11v1h-11zM45 60h15v1h-15zM79 60h8v1h-8zM6 61h8v1h-8zM48 61h12v1h-12zM7 62h6v1h-6zM79 61h9v2h-9zM8 63h2v1h-2zM50 62h9v2h-9zM80 63h8v1h-8zM50 64h39v1h-39zM49 65h40v1h-40zM49 66h41v1h-41zM48 67h42v1h-42zM48 68h43v2h-43zM47 70h45v2h-45zM46 72h9v1h-9zM84 72h8v1h-8zM46 73h8v1h-8zM84 73h9v1h-9zM45 74h9v1h-9zM85 74h8v1h-8zM45 75h8v1h-8zM85 75h9v1h-9zM86 76h8v1h-8zM44 76h9v2h-9zM86 77h9v1h-9zM44 78h8v1h-8zM87 78h8v1h-8zM43 79h9v1h-9zM87 79h9v2h-9zM43 80h8v2h-8zM43 82h7v1h-7zM88 81h8v2h-8zM44 83h6v1h-6zM89 83h6v1h-6zM45 84h4v1h-4zM90 84h4v1h-4z"></path>
			</svg>
		</button>

		<button
			class="ultimate-ada-translator__backdrop"
			data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop
			type="button"
			aria-label="Close language translator"
			hidden
		></button>

		<div
			class="ultimate-ada-translator__panel"
			data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel
			id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-panel"
			role="dialog"
			aria-modal="true"
			aria-label="Language translator"
			hidden
		>
			<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__panel-header">
				<div>
					<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__title">Translate this site</p>
					<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__copy">Translate the page or open accessibility tools from the same menu.</p>
				</div>
				<button
					class="ultimate-ada-translator__close"
					data-ultimate-ada-translator-close
					type="button"
					aria-label="Close language translator"
				>
					<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
						<path d="M18 6 6 18"></path>
						<path d="m6 6 12 12"></path>
					</svg>
				</button>
			</div>
			<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__tabs" role="tablist" aria-label="Translate and accessibility tools">
				<button
					id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-tab-language"
					class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab is-active"
					data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab="language"
					type="button"
					role="tab"
					aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-1-panel-language"
					aria-selected="true"
				>
					Translate				</button>
				<button
					id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-tab-accessibility"
					class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab"
					data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab="accessibility"
					type="button"
					role="tab"
					aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-1-panel-accessibility"
					aria-selected="false"
					tabindex="-1"
				>
					Accessibility				</button>
			</div>

			<div
				id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-panel-language"
				class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel"
				data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel="language"
				role="tabpanel"
				aria-labelledby="ultimate-ada-translator-1-tab-language"
			>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy">Choose a language for this page.</p>
				<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__field">
					<label class="ultimate-ada-translator__label" for="ultimate-ada-translator-1-search">
						Search languages					</label>
					<input
						class="ultimate-ada-translator__search"
						data-ultimate-ada-translator-search
						id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-search"
						type="search"
						autocomplete="off"
						spellcheck="false"
						placeholder="Search language..."
						aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-1-list"
					/>
				</div>

				<select class="ultimate-ada-translator__select" data-ultimate-ada-translator-select id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-select" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">
											<option
							value="en"
							data-google-code="en"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="en English"
							 selected='selected'						>
							English						</option>
											<option
							value="zh"
							data-google-code="zh-CN"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zh 中文 zh-CN Chinese Mandarin Simplified Chinese"
													>
							中文						</option>
											<option
							value="hi"
							data-google-code="hi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hi हिन्दी Hindi"
													>
							हिन्दी						</option>
											<option
							value="es"
							data-google-code="es"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="es Español Spanish Castilian"
													>
							Español						</option>
											<option
							value="fr"
							data-google-code="fr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fr Français French"
													>
							Français						</option>
											<option
							value="ar"
							data-google-code="ar"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ar العربية Arabic"
													>
							العربية						</option>
											<option
							value="bn"
							data-google-code="bn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bn বাংলা Bengali Bangla"
													>
							বাংলা						</option>
											<option
							value="ru"
							data-google-code="ru"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ru Русский Russian"
													>
							Русский						</option>
											<option
							value="pt"
							data-google-code="pt"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pt Português Portuguese"
													>
							Português						</option>
											<option
							value="ur"
							data-google-code="ur"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ur اردو Urdu"
													>
							اردو						</option>
											<option
							value="id"
							data-google-code="id"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="id Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian"
													>
							Bahasa Indonesia						</option>
											<option
							value="de"
							data-google-code="de"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="de Deutsch German"
													>
							Deutsch						</option>
											<option
							value="ja"
							data-google-code="ja"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ja 日本語 Japanese"
													>
							日本語						</option>
											<option
							value="sw"
							data-google-code="sw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sw Kiswahili Swahili"
													>
							Kiswahili						</option>
											<option
							value="mr"
							data-google-code="mr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mr मराठी Marathi"
													>
							मराठी						</option>
											<option
							value="te"
							data-google-code="te"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="te తెలుగు Telugu"
													>
							తెలుగు						</option>
											<option
							value="tr"
							data-google-code="tr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tr Türkçe Turkish"
													>
							Türkçe						</option>
											<option
							value="ta"
							data-google-code="ta"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ta தமிழ் Tamil"
													>
							தமிழ்						</option>
											<option
							value="vi"
							data-google-code="vi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="vi Tiếng Việt Vietnamese"
													>
							Tiếng Việt						</option>
											<option
							value="ko"
							data-google-code="ko"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ko 한국어 Korean"
													>
							한국어						</option>
											<option
							value="it"
							data-google-code="it"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="it Italiano Italian"
													>
							Italiano						</option>
											<option
							value="th"
							data-google-code="th"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="th ไทย Thai"
													>
							ไทย						</option>
											<option
							value="gu"
							data-google-code="gu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="gu ગુજરાતી Gujarati"
													>
							ગુજરાતી						</option>
											<option
							value="pl"
							data-google-code="pl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pl Polski Polish"
													>
							Polski						</option>
											<option
							value="uk"
							data-google-code="uk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="uk Українська Ukrainian"
													>
							Українська						</option>
											<option
							value="ml"
							data-google-code="ml"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ml മലയാളം Malayalam"
													>
							മലയാളം						</option>
											<option
							value="kn"
							data-google-code="kn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kn ಕನ್ನಡ Kannada"
													>
							ಕನ್ನಡ						</option>
											<option
							value="or"
							data-google-code="or"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="or ଓଡ଼ିଆ Odia Oriya"
													>
							ଓଡ଼ିଆ						</option>
											<option
							value="my"
							data-google-code="my"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="my မြန်မာစာ Myanmar Burmese"
													>
							မြန်မာစာ						</option>
											<option
							value="fa"
							data-google-code="fa"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="fa فارسی Persian Farsi"
													>
							فارسی						</option>
											<option
							value="ro"
							data-google-code="ro"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ro Română Romanian"
													>
							Română						</option>
											<option
							value="nl"
							data-google-code="nl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="nl Nederlands Dutch"
													>
							Nederlands						</option>
											<option
							value="el"
							data-google-code="el"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="el Ελληνικά Greek"
													>
							Ελληνικά						</option>
											<option
							value="hu"
							data-google-code="hu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hu Magyar Hungarian"
													>
							Magyar						</option>
											<option
							value="cs"
							data-google-code="cs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="cs Čeština Czech"
													>
							Čeština						</option>
											<option
							value="sv"
							data-google-code="sv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sv Svenska Swedish"
													>
							Svenska						</option>
											<option
							value="az"
							data-google-code="az"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="az Azərbaycanca Azerbaijani Azeri"
													>
							Azərbaycanca						</option>
											<option
							value="pa"
							data-google-code="pa"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Punjabi Panjabi"
													>
							ਪੰਜਾਬੀ						</option>
											<option
							value="ps"
							data-google-code="ps"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ps پښتو Pashto Pushto"
													>
							پښتو						</option>
											<option
							value="sd"
							data-google-code="sd"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="sd سنڌي Sindhi"
													>
							سنڌي						</option>
											<option
							value="ku"
							data-google-code="ku"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ku Kurdî Kurdish"
													>
							Kurdî						</option>
											<option
							value="ha"
							data-google-code="ha"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ha Hausa"
													>
							Hausa						</option>
											<option
							value="yo"
							data-google-code="yo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="yo Yorùbá Yoruba"
													>
							Yorùbá						</option>
											<option
							value="ig"
							data-google-code="ig"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ig Igbo"
													>
							Igbo						</option>
											<option
							value="am"
							data-google-code="am"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="am አማርኛ Amharic"
													>
							አማርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="om"
							data-google-code="om"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="om Afaan Oromoo Oromo"
													>
							Afaan Oromoo						</option>
											<option
							value="so"
							data-google-code="so"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="so Soomaali Somali"
													>
							Soomaali						</option>
											<option
							value="ne"
							data-google-code="ne"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ne नेपाली Nepali"
													>
							नेपाली						</option>
											<option
							value="si"
							data-google-code="si"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="si සිංහල Sinhala Sinhalese"
													>
							සිංහල						</option>
											<option
							value="km"
							data-google-code="km"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="km ភាសាខ្មែរ Khmer Cambodian"
													>
							ភាសាខ្មែរ						</option>
											<option
							value="lo"
							data-google-code="lo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lo ລາວ Lao Laotian"
													>
							ລາວ						</option>
											<option
							value="ms"
							data-google-code="ms"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ms Bahasa Melayu Malay"
													>
							Bahasa Melayu						</option>
											<option
							value="fil"
							data-google-code="tl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fil Filipino tl Tagalog"
													>
							Filipino						</option>
											<option
							value="jv"
							data-google-code="jv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="jv Basa Jawa Javanese"
													>
							Basa Jawa						</option>
											<option
							value="su"
							data-google-code="su"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="su Basa Sunda Sundanese"
													>
							Basa Sunda						</option>
											<option
							value="ceb"
							data-google-code="ceb"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ceb Cebuano"
													>
							Cebuano						</option>
											<option
							value="mg"
							data-google-code="mg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mg Malagasy"
													>
							Malagasy						</option>
											<option
							value="ny"
							data-google-code="ny"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ny Chichewa Nyanja"
													>
							Chichewa						</option>
											<option
							value="rw"
							data-google-code="rw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="rw Kinyarwanda Rwanda"
													>
							Kinyarwanda						</option>
											<option
							value="zu"
							data-google-code="zu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zu isiZulu Zulu"
													>
							isiZulu						</option>
											<option
							value="xh"
							data-google-code="xh"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="xh isiXhosa Xhosa"
													>
							isiXhosa						</option>
											<option
							value="af"
							data-google-code="af"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="af Afrikaans"
													>
							Afrikaans						</option>
											<option
							value="st"
							data-google-code="st"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="st Sesotho Southern Sotho"
													>
							Sesotho						</option>
											<option
							value="tn"
							data-google-code="tn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tn Setswana Tswana"
													>
							Setswana						</option>
											<option
							value="sn"
							data-google-code="sn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sn chiShona Shona"
													>
							chiShona						</option>
											<option
							value="ff"
							data-google-code="ff"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ff Fulfulde Fula Fulani"
													>
							Fulfulde						</option>
											<option
							value="wo"
							data-google-code="wo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="wo Wolof"
													>
							Wolof						</option>
											<option
							value="bm"
							data-google-code="bm"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bm Bamanankan Bambara"
													>
							Bamanankan						</option>
											<option
							value="ln"
							data-google-code="ln"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ln Lingála Lingala"
													>
							Lingála						</option>
											<option
							value="ak"
							data-google-code="ak"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ak Akan Twi"
													>
							Akan						</option>
											<option
							value="ee"
							data-google-code="ee"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ee Eʋegbe Ewe"
													>
							Eʋegbe						</option>
											<option
							value="ti"
							data-google-code="ti"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ti ትግርኛ Tigrinya"
													>
							ትግርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="he"
							data-google-code="he"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="he עברית Hebrew"
													>
							עברית						</option>
											<option
							value="hy"
							data-google-code="hy"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hy Հայերեն Armenian"
													>
							Հայերեն						</option>
											<option
							value="ka"
							data-google-code="ka"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ka ქართული Georgian"
													>
							ქართული						</option>
											<option
							value="kk"
							data-google-code="kk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kk Қазақ тілі Kazakh"
													>
							Қазақ тілі						</option>
											<option
							value="uz"
							data-google-code="uz"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="uz Oʻzbekcha Uzbek"
													>
							Oʻzbekcha						</option>
											<option
							value="ug"
							data-google-code="ug"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ug ئۇيغۇرچە Uyghur Uighur"
													>
							ئۇيغۇرچە						</option>
											<option
							value="tk"
							data-google-code="tk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tk Türkmençe Turkmen"
													>
							Türkmençe						</option>
											<option
							value="ky"
							data-google-code="ky"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ky Кыргызча Kyrgyz Kirghiz"
													>
							Кыргызча						</option>
											<option
							value="tg"
							data-google-code="tg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tg Тоҷикӣ Tajik"
													>
							Тоҷикӣ						</option>
											<option
							value="mn"
							data-google-code="mn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mn Монгол Mongolian"
													>
							Монгол						</option>
											<option
							value="bg"
							data-google-code="bg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bg Български Bulgarian"
													>
							Български						</option>
											<option
							value="sr"
							data-google-code="sr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sr Српски Serbian"
													>
							Српски						</option>
											<option
							value="hr"
							data-google-code="hr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hr Hrvatski Croatian"
													>
							Hrvatski						</option>
											<option
							value="bs"
							data-google-code="bs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bs Bosanski Bosnian"
													>
							Bosanski						</option>
											<option
							value="sk"
							data-google-code="sk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sk Slovenčina Slovak"
													>
							Slovenčina						</option>
											<option
							value="sl"
							data-google-code="sl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sl Slovenščina Slovenian"
													>
							Slovenščina						</option>
											<option
							value="lt"
							data-google-code="lt"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lt Lietuvių Lithuanian"
													>
							Lietuvių						</option>
											<option
							value="lv"
							data-google-code="lv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lv Latviešu Latvian"
													>
							Latviešu						</option>
											<option
							value="et"
							data-google-code="et"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="et Eesti Estonian"
													>
							Eesti						</option>
											<option
							value="fi"
							data-google-code="fi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fi Suomi Finnish"
													>
							Suomi						</option>
											<option
							value="da"
							data-google-code="da"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="da Dansk Danish"
													>
							Dansk						</option>
											<option
							value="no"
							data-google-code="no"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="no Norsk Norwegian"
													>
							Norsk						</option>
											<option
							value="ca"
							data-google-code="ca"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ca Català Catalan"
													>
							Català						</option>
											<option
							value="eu"
							data-google-code="eu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="eu Euskara Basque"
													>
							Euskara						</option>
											<option
							value="gl"
							data-google-code="gl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="gl Galego Galician"
													>
							Galego						</option>
											<option
							value="sq"
							data-google-code="sq"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sq Shqip Albanian"
													>
							Shqip						</option>
											<option
							value="mk"
							data-google-code="mk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mk Македонски Macedonian"
													>
							Македонски						</option>
											<option
							value="ht"
							data-google-code="ht"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ht Kreyòl ayisyen Haitian Creole Creole"
													>
							Kreyòl ayisyen						</option>
									</select>

				<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__list" data-ultimate-ada-translator-list id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-list"></div>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__empty" data-ultimate-ada-translator-empty hidden>No matching languages found.</p>
				<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__reset" data-ultimate-ada-translator-reset type="button">
					Reset to English				</button>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__status" data-ultimate-ada-translator-status aria-live="polite">
					Current language: English				</p>
			</div>

			<div
				id="ultimate-ada-translator-1-panel-accessibility"
				class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel"
				data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel="accessibility"
				role="tabpanel"
				aria-labelledby="ultimate-ada-translator-1-tab-accessibility"
				hidden
			>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy">Adjust text size, contrast, link visibility, and motion from the same menu.</p>
				<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-options">
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="zoom" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Text Size: Default</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="contrast" type="button" aria-pressed="false">High Contrast</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="links" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Highlight Links</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="motion" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Reduce Motion</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="dyslexia" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Dyslexia-Friendly Font</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="reset" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Reset Accessibility</button>
				</div>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__status" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility-status aria-live="polite">Accessibility tools are set to default.</p>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
	</li>
</ul>          <button class="gta-site-nav--search j-desktop-menu--button" data-pane="search">
            <img src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/icon-search.svg" alt="Search Icon" width="24" height="24" fetchpriority="high" />
          </button>
          <button class="gta-site-nav--mobile-switch j-mobile-switch" aria-label="Open navigation menu">
            <span></span>
            <span></span>
            <span></span>
          </button>
        </div>
        <div class="gta-mobile-2021">
          <ul id="mobile-nav" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-436537" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-436537"><a href="#">Insight</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-438518" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438518"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/">Issue briefs and reports</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438520"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/fastthinking/">Fast Thinking</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438519" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438519"><a href="/dispatches">Dispatches</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438529" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438529"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/inflection-points/">Inflection Points</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438521" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438521"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/ukrainealert/">UkraineAlert</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438530"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/menasource/">MENASource</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438537" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-438537"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/category/blogs/econographics/">Econographics</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438532" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438532"><a href="#">More sections</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-436538" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-436538"><a href="#">Events</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-438535" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-438535"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/">Upcoming events</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438546" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438546"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/acfrontpage/">AC Front Page</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438548" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438548"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/galas-and-flagships/">Galas and flagship events</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-682223" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-682223"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.tv/">ACTV</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-917381" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-917381"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-436535" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-436535"><a href="#">Issues</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-438562" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438562"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/politics-diplomacy/">Politics &#038; Diplomacy</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438563" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438563"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/security-defense/">Security &#038; Defense</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438564" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438564"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/economy-business/">Economy &#038; Business</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438615"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/">Energy &#038; Environment</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438565" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438565"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/resilience-society/">Resilience &#038; Society</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438568" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438568"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/technology-innovation/">Technology &#038; Innovation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-436536" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-436536"><a href="#">Regions</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-438572" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438572"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/africa">Africa</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438573"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/americas/">Americas</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438574" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438574"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/europe-eurasia">Europe &#038; Eurasia</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438575"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/indo-pacific/">Indo-Pacific</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438576" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438576"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/middle-east/">Middle East</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-436543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-436543"><a href="#">Experts</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-438551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-438551"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/people/">Find an expert</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-438553" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-438553"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/media#contact">Request a media interview</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-436544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-436544"><a href="#">About</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-441846" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441846"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/">Programs</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-441840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441840"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/visiting-atlantic-council/">Visit or contact us</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-441837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441837"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/">About the Atlantic Council</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-622159" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-622159"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/get-involved/">Get involved</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-441838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441838"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/leadership-and-governance/">Leadership &#038; governance</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-441841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441841"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/media/">For media</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-441843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441843"><a href="#colophon">Subscribe by email</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-441845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441845"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/careers/">Find job opportunities</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-441844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-441844"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/donate/">Donate</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-934991" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-934991">	<div class="ultimate-ada-translator ultimate-ada-translator--menu notranslate" data-ultimate-ada-translator data-source-language="en" data-source-google-code="en" data-default-language="en" data-selected-language="en" data-open="false" data-active-tab="language" translate="no">
		<button
			class="ultimate-ada-translator__trigger"
			data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger
			type="button"
			aria-expanded="false"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-2-panel"
			aria-label="Open language translator"
		>
			<span class="ultimate-ada-translator__tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Translate</span>
			<svg class="ultimate-ada-translator__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 96 85" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
				<path d="M26 0h4v1h-4zM25 1h6v1h-6zM24 2h8v11h-8zM3 13h52v1h-52zM1 14h56v1h-56zM0 15h58v2h-58zM0 17h59v1h-59zM0 18h58v1h-58zM1 19h57v1h-57zM2 20h55v1h-55zM43 21h9v1h-9zM43 22h8v1h-8zM42 23h9v1h-9zM42 24h8v1h-8zM41 25h9v2h-9zM13 27h5v1h-5zM41 27h8v1h-8zM67 27h5v1h-5zM40 28h9v1h-9zM66 28h7v1h-7zM12 28h7v2h-7zM65 29h8v1h-8zM12 30h8v1h-8zM39 29h9v2h-9zM65 30h9v2h-9zM12 31h9v2h-9zM38 31h9v2h-9zM64 32h10v1h-10zM13 33h9v1h-9zM37 33h9v1h-9zM64 33h11v1h-11zM13 34h10v1h-10zM36 34h10v1h-10zM63 34h12v1h-12zM14 35h10v1h-10zM36 35h9v1h-9zM63 35h13v1h-13zM15 36h9v1h-9zM35 36h9v1h-9zM62 36h14v1h-14zM15 37h10v1h-10zM34 37h10v1h-10zM62 37h15v1h-15zM16 38h10v1h-10zM33 38h10v1h-10zM61 38h16v1h-16zM17 39h10v1h-10zM32 39h10v1h-10zM18 40h10v1h-10zM31 40h11v1h-11zM61 39h17v2h-17zM18 41h11v1h-11zM31 41h10v1h-10zM60 41h9v1h-9zM19 42h21v1h-21zM60 42h8v1h-8zM70 41h9v2h-9zM20 43h19v1h-19zM59 43h9v1h-9zM71 43h8v1h-8zM21 44h17v1h-17zM59 44h8v1h-8zM71 44h9v1h-9zM22 45h15v1h-15zM58 45h9v1h-9zM72 45h8v1h-8zM23 46h13v1h-13zM58 46h8v1h-8zM72 46h9v1h-9zM23 47h14v1h-14zM73 47h8v1h-8zM22 48h17v1h-17zM57 47h9v2h-9zM73 48h9v1h-9zM20 49h20v1h-20zM74 49h8v1h-8zM19 50h23v1h-23zM56 49h9v2h-9zM17 51h28v1h-28zM56 51h8v1h-8zM74 50h9v2h-9zM15 52h15v1h-15zM31 52h16v1h-16zM55 52h9v1h-9zM75 52h8v1h-8zM13 53h15v1h-15zM32 53h17v1h-17zM55 53h8v1h-8zM75 53h9v1h-9zM11 54h16v1h-16zM34 54h17v1h-17zM54 54h9v1h-9zM76 54h8v1h-8zM9 55h16v1h-16zM35 55h27v1h-27zM76 55h9v1h-9zM7 56h17v1h-17zM37 56h25v1h-25zM77 56h8v1h-8zM6 57h16v1h-16zM39 57h23v1h-23zM77 57h9v1h-9zM6 58h14v1h-14zM41 58h20v1h-20zM78 58h8v1h-8zM5 59h13v1h-13zM43 59h18v1h-18zM78 59h9v1h-9zM5 60h11v1h-11zM45 60h15v1h-15zM79 60h8v1h-8zM6 61h8v1h-8zM48 61h12v1h-12zM7 62h6v1h-6zM79 61h9v2h-9zM8 63h2v1h-2zM50 62h9v2h-9zM80 63h8v1h-8zM50 64h39v1h-39zM49 65h40v1h-40zM49 66h41v1h-41zM48 67h42v1h-42zM48 68h43v2h-43zM47 70h45v2h-45zM46 72h9v1h-9zM84 72h8v1h-8zM46 73h8v1h-8zM84 73h9v1h-9zM45 74h9v1h-9zM85 74h8v1h-8zM45 75h8v1h-8zM85 75h9v1h-9zM86 76h8v1h-8zM44 76h9v2h-9zM86 77h9v1h-9zM44 78h8v1h-8zM87 78h8v1h-8zM43 79h9v1h-9zM87 79h9v2h-9zM43 80h8v2h-8zM43 82h7v1h-7zM88 81h8v2h-8zM44 83h6v1h-6zM89 83h6v1h-6zM45 84h4v1h-4zM90 84h4v1h-4z"></path>
			</svg>
		</button>

		<button
			class="ultimate-ada-translator__backdrop"
			data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop
			type="button"
			aria-label="Close language translator"
			hidden
		></button>

		<div
			class="ultimate-ada-translator__panel"
			data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel
			id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-panel"
			role="dialog"
			aria-modal="true"
			aria-label="Language translator"
			hidden
		>
			<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__panel-header">
				<div>
					<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__title">Translate this site</p>
					<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__copy">Translate the page or open accessibility tools from the same menu.</p>
				</div>
				<button
					class="ultimate-ada-translator__close"
					data-ultimate-ada-translator-close
					type="button"
					aria-label="Close language translator"
				>
					<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
						<path d="M18 6 6 18"></path>
						<path d="m6 6 12 12"></path>
					</svg>
				</button>
			</div>
			<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__tabs" role="tablist" aria-label="Translate and accessibility tools">
				<button
					id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-tab-language"
					class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab is-active"
					data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab="language"
					type="button"
					role="tab"
					aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-2-panel-language"
					aria-selected="true"
				>
					Translate				</button>
				<button
					id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-tab-accessibility"
					class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab"
					data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab="accessibility"
					type="button"
					role="tab"
					aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-2-panel-accessibility"
					aria-selected="false"
					tabindex="-1"
				>
					Accessibility				</button>
			</div>

			<div
				id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-panel-language"
				class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel"
				data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel="language"
				role="tabpanel"
				aria-labelledby="ultimate-ada-translator-2-tab-language"
			>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy">Choose a language for this page.</p>
				<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__field">
					<label class="ultimate-ada-translator__label" for="ultimate-ada-translator-2-search">
						Search languages					</label>
					<input
						class="ultimate-ada-translator__search"
						data-ultimate-ada-translator-search
						id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-search"
						type="search"
						autocomplete="off"
						spellcheck="false"
						placeholder="Search language..."
						aria-controls="ultimate-ada-translator-2-list"
					/>
				</div>

				<select class="ultimate-ada-translator__select" data-ultimate-ada-translator-select id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-select" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">
											<option
							value="en"
							data-google-code="en"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="en English"
							 selected='selected'						>
							English						</option>
											<option
							value="zh"
							data-google-code="zh-CN"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zh 中文 zh-CN Chinese Mandarin Simplified Chinese"
													>
							中文						</option>
											<option
							value="hi"
							data-google-code="hi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hi हिन्दी Hindi"
													>
							हिन्दी						</option>
											<option
							value="es"
							data-google-code="es"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="es Español Spanish Castilian"
													>
							Español						</option>
											<option
							value="fr"
							data-google-code="fr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fr Français French"
													>
							Français						</option>
											<option
							value="ar"
							data-google-code="ar"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ar العربية Arabic"
													>
							العربية						</option>
											<option
							value="bn"
							data-google-code="bn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bn বাংলা Bengali Bangla"
													>
							বাংলা						</option>
											<option
							value="ru"
							data-google-code="ru"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ru Русский Russian"
													>
							Русский						</option>
											<option
							value="pt"
							data-google-code="pt"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pt Português Portuguese"
													>
							Português						</option>
											<option
							value="ur"
							data-google-code="ur"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ur اردو Urdu"
													>
							اردو						</option>
											<option
							value="id"
							data-google-code="id"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="id Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian"
													>
							Bahasa Indonesia						</option>
											<option
							value="de"
							data-google-code="de"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="de Deutsch German"
													>
							Deutsch						</option>
											<option
							value="ja"
							data-google-code="ja"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ja 日本語 Japanese"
													>
							日本語						</option>
											<option
							value="sw"
							data-google-code="sw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sw Kiswahili Swahili"
													>
							Kiswahili						</option>
											<option
							value="mr"
							data-google-code="mr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mr मराठी Marathi"
													>
							मराठी						</option>
											<option
							value="te"
							data-google-code="te"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="te తెలుగు Telugu"
													>
							తెలుగు						</option>
											<option
							value="tr"
							data-google-code="tr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tr Türkçe Turkish"
													>
							Türkçe						</option>
											<option
							value="ta"
							data-google-code="ta"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ta தமிழ் Tamil"
													>
							தமிழ்						</option>
											<option
							value="vi"
							data-google-code="vi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="vi Tiếng Việt Vietnamese"
													>
							Tiếng Việt						</option>
											<option
							value="ko"
							data-google-code="ko"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ko 한국어 Korean"
													>
							한국어						</option>
											<option
							value="it"
							data-google-code="it"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="it Italiano Italian"
													>
							Italiano						</option>
											<option
							value="th"
							data-google-code="th"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="th ไทย Thai"
													>
							ไทย						</option>
											<option
							value="gu"
							data-google-code="gu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="gu ગુજરાતી Gujarati"
													>
							ગુજરાતી						</option>
											<option
							value="pl"
							data-google-code="pl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pl Polski Polish"
													>
							Polski						</option>
											<option
							value="uk"
							data-google-code="uk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="uk Українська Ukrainian"
													>
							Українська						</option>
											<option
							value="ml"
							data-google-code="ml"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ml മലയാളം Malayalam"
													>
							മലയാളം						</option>
											<option
							value="kn"
							data-google-code="kn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kn ಕನ್ನಡ Kannada"
													>
							ಕನ್ನಡ						</option>
											<option
							value="or"
							data-google-code="or"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="or ଓଡ଼ିଆ Odia Oriya"
													>
							ଓଡ଼ିଆ						</option>
											<option
							value="my"
							data-google-code="my"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="my မြန်မာစာ Myanmar Burmese"
													>
							မြန်မာစာ						</option>
											<option
							value="fa"
							data-google-code="fa"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="fa فارسی Persian Farsi"
													>
							فارسی						</option>
											<option
							value="ro"
							data-google-code="ro"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ro Română Romanian"
													>
							Română						</option>
											<option
							value="nl"
							data-google-code="nl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="nl Nederlands Dutch"
													>
							Nederlands						</option>
											<option
							value="el"
							data-google-code="el"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="el Ελληνικά Greek"
													>
							Ελληνικά						</option>
											<option
							value="hu"
							data-google-code="hu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hu Magyar Hungarian"
													>
							Magyar						</option>
											<option
							value="cs"
							data-google-code="cs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="cs Čeština Czech"
													>
							Čeština						</option>
											<option
							value="sv"
							data-google-code="sv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sv Svenska Swedish"
													>
							Svenska						</option>
											<option
							value="az"
							data-google-code="az"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="az Azərbaycanca Azerbaijani Azeri"
													>
							Azərbaycanca						</option>
											<option
							value="pa"
							data-google-code="pa"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Punjabi Panjabi"
													>
							ਪੰਜਾਬੀ						</option>
											<option
							value="ps"
							data-google-code="ps"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ps پښتو Pashto Pushto"
													>
							پښتو						</option>
											<option
							value="sd"
							data-google-code="sd"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="sd سنڌي Sindhi"
													>
							سنڌي						</option>
											<option
							value="ku"
							data-google-code="ku"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ku Kurdî Kurdish"
													>
							Kurdî						</option>
											<option
							value="ha"
							data-google-code="ha"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ha Hausa"
													>
							Hausa						</option>
											<option
							value="yo"
							data-google-code="yo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="yo Yorùbá Yoruba"
													>
							Yorùbá						</option>
											<option
							value="ig"
							data-google-code="ig"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ig Igbo"
													>
							Igbo						</option>
											<option
							value="am"
							data-google-code="am"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="am አማርኛ Amharic"
													>
							አማርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="om"
							data-google-code="om"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="om Afaan Oromoo Oromo"
													>
							Afaan Oromoo						</option>
											<option
							value="so"
							data-google-code="so"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="so Soomaali Somali"
													>
							Soomaali						</option>
											<option
							value="ne"
							data-google-code="ne"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ne नेपाली Nepali"
													>
							नेपाली						</option>
											<option
							value="si"
							data-google-code="si"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="si සිංහල Sinhala Sinhalese"
													>
							සිංහල						</option>
											<option
							value="km"
							data-google-code="km"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="km ភាសាខ្មែរ Khmer Cambodian"
													>
							ភាសាខ្មែរ						</option>
											<option
							value="lo"
							data-google-code="lo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lo ລາວ Lao Laotian"
													>
							ລາວ						</option>
											<option
							value="ms"
							data-google-code="ms"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ms Bahasa Melayu Malay"
													>
							Bahasa Melayu						</option>
											<option
							value="fil"
							data-google-code="tl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fil Filipino tl Tagalog"
													>
							Filipino						</option>
											<option
							value="jv"
							data-google-code="jv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="jv Basa Jawa Javanese"
													>
							Basa Jawa						</option>
											<option
							value="su"
							data-google-code="su"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="su Basa Sunda Sundanese"
													>
							Basa Sunda						</option>
											<option
							value="ceb"
							data-google-code="ceb"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ceb Cebuano"
													>
							Cebuano						</option>
											<option
							value="mg"
							data-google-code="mg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mg Malagasy"
													>
							Malagasy						</option>
											<option
							value="ny"
							data-google-code="ny"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ny Chichewa Nyanja"
													>
							Chichewa						</option>
											<option
							value="rw"
							data-google-code="rw"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="rw Kinyarwanda Rwanda"
													>
							Kinyarwanda						</option>
											<option
							value="zu"
							data-google-code="zu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="zu isiZulu Zulu"
													>
							isiZulu						</option>
											<option
							value="xh"
							data-google-code="xh"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="xh isiXhosa Xhosa"
													>
							isiXhosa						</option>
											<option
							value="af"
							data-google-code="af"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="af Afrikaans"
													>
							Afrikaans						</option>
											<option
							value="st"
							data-google-code="st"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="st Sesotho Southern Sotho"
													>
							Sesotho						</option>
											<option
							value="tn"
							data-google-code="tn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tn Setswana Tswana"
													>
							Setswana						</option>
											<option
							value="sn"
							data-google-code="sn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sn chiShona Shona"
													>
							chiShona						</option>
											<option
							value="ff"
							data-google-code="ff"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ff Fulfulde Fula Fulani"
													>
							Fulfulde						</option>
											<option
							value="wo"
							data-google-code="wo"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="wo Wolof"
													>
							Wolof						</option>
											<option
							value="bm"
							data-google-code="bm"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bm Bamanankan Bambara"
													>
							Bamanankan						</option>
											<option
							value="ln"
							data-google-code="ln"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ln Lingála Lingala"
													>
							Lingála						</option>
											<option
							value="ak"
							data-google-code="ak"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ak Akan Twi"
													>
							Akan						</option>
											<option
							value="ee"
							data-google-code="ee"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ee Eʋegbe Ewe"
													>
							Eʋegbe						</option>
											<option
							value="ti"
							data-google-code="ti"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ti ትግርኛ Tigrinya"
													>
							ትግርኛ						</option>
											<option
							value="he"
							data-google-code="he"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="he עברית Hebrew"
													>
							עברית						</option>
											<option
							value="hy"
							data-google-code="hy"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hy Հայերեն Armenian"
													>
							Հայերեն						</option>
											<option
							value="ka"
							data-google-code="ka"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ka ქართული Georgian"
													>
							ქართული						</option>
											<option
							value="kk"
							data-google-code="kk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="kk Қазақ тілі Kazakh"
													>
							Қазақ тілі						</option>
											<option
							value="uz"
							data-google-code="uz"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="uz Oʻzbekcha Uzbek"
													>
							Oʻzbekcha						</option>
											<option
							value="ug"
							data-google-code="ug"
							data-direction="rtl"
							data-search="ug ئۇيغۇرچە Uyghur Uighur"
													>
							ئۇيغۇرچە						</option>
											<option
							value="tk"
							data-google-code="tk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tk Türkmençe Turkmen"
													>
							Türkmençe						</option>
											<option
							value="ky"
							data-google-code="ky"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ky Кыргызча Kyrgyz Kirghiz"
													>
							Кыргызча						</option>
											<option
							value="tg"
							data-google-code="tg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="tg Тоҷикӣ Tajik"
													>
							Тоҷикӣ						</option>
											<option
							value="mn"
							data-google-code="mn"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mn Монгол Mongolian"
													>
							Монгол						</option>
											<option
							value="bg"
							data-google-code="bg"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bg Български Bulgarian"
													>
							Български						</option>
											<option
							value="sr"
							data-google-code="sr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sr Српски Serbian"
													>
							Српски						</option>
											<option
							value="hr"
							data-google-code="hr"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="hr Hrvatski Croatian"
													>
							Hrvatski						</option>
											<option
							value="bs"
							data-google-code="bs"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="bs Bosanski Bosnian"
													>
							Bosanski						</option>
											<option
							value="sk"
							data-google-code="sk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sk Slovenčina Slovak"
													>
							Slovenčina						</option>
											<option
							value="sl"
							data-google-code="sl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sl Slovenščina Slovenian"
													>
							Slovenščina						</option>
											<option
							value="lt"
							data-google-code="lt"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lt Lietuvių Lithuanian"
													>
							Lietuvių						</option>
											<option
							value="lv"
							data-google-code="lv"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="lv Latviešu Latvian"
													>
							Latviešu						</option>
											<option
							value="et"
							data-google-code="et"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="et Eesti Estonian"
													>
							Eesti						</option>
											<option
							value="fi"
							data-google-code="fi"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="fi Suomi Finnish"
													>
							Suomi						</option>
											<option
							value="da"
							data-google-code="da"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="da Dansk Danish"
													>
							Dansk						</option>
											<option
							value="no"
							data-google-code="no"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="no Norsk Norwegian"
													>
							Norsk						</option>
											<option
							value="ca"
							data-google-code="ca"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ca Català Catalan"
													>
							Català						</option>
											<option
							value="eu"
							data-google-code="eu"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="eu Euskara Basque"
													>
							Euskara						</option>
											<option
							value="gl"
							data-google-code="gl"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="gl Galego Galician"
													>
							Galego						</option>
											<option
							value="sq"
							data-google-code="sq"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="sq Shqip Albanian"
													>
							Shqip						</option>
											<option
							value="mk"
							data-google-code="mk"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="mk Македонски Macedonian"
													>
							Македонски						</option>
											<option
							value="ht"
							data-google-code="ht"
							data-direction="ltr"
							data-search="ht Kreyòl ayisyen Haitian Creole Creole"
													>
							Kreyòl ayisyen						</option>
									</select>

				<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__list" data-ultimate-ada-translator-list id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-list"></div>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__empty" data-ultimate-ada-translator-empty hidden>No matching languages found.</p>
				<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__reset" data-ultimate-ada-translator-reset type="button">
					Reset to English				</button>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__status" data-ultimate-ada-translator-status aria-live="polite">
					Current language: English				</p>
			</div>

			<div
				id="ultimate-ada-translator-2-panel-accessibility"
				class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-panel"
				data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel="accessibility"
				role="tabpanel"
				aria-labelledby="ultimate-ada-translator-2-tab-accessibility"
				hidden
			>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__tab-copy">Adjust text size, contrast, link visibility, and motion from the same menu.</p>
				<div class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-options">
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="zoom" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Text Size: Default</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="contrast" type="button" aria-pressed="false">High Contrast</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="links" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Highlight Links</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="motion" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Reduce Motion</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="dyslexia" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Dyslexia-Friendly Font</button>
					<button class="ultimate-ada-translator__accessibility-button" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="reset" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Reset Accessibility</button>
				</div>
				<p class="ultimate-ada-translator__status" data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility-status aria-live="polite">Accessibility tools are set to default.</p>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
	</li>
</ul>        </div>
        <div id="searchModule" hidden></div>
      </nav>
      
    </header>

    <main id="content" class="site-content">


      
<section class="gta-home2021-banner theme-dark style-full media-left">
  <div class="gta-home2021-banner--row">

    <div class="gta-home2021-banner--left image">
      
                  <a
            href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/questions-and-expert-answers-about-the-deal-to-disarm-hamas/"
            target="_self"
            class="gta-home2021-banner--media-link">
          
          <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1000x567.jpg.webp 1000w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-300x170.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1024x580.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-768x435.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1536x871.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-2048x1161.jpg.webp 2048w" sizes='(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px' type="image/webp"><img width="1000" height="567" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1000x567.jpg" class="gta-home2021-banner--img" alt="10 questions (and expert answers) about the deal to disarm Hamas" fetchpriority="high" decoding="sync" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1000x567.jpg 1000w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-300x170.jpg 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1024x580.jpg 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-768x435.jpg 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-1536x871.jpg 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/HP-2026-07-31T071040Z_890660692_RC2VOMAADX13_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-GAZA-2-2048x1161.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" data-eio="p" /></picture>
                    </a>
        
          </div>

    <div class="gta-home2021-banner--right image">
              <p class="gta-home2021-banner--eyebrow">Middle East</p>
                    <h1 class="gta-home2021-banner--title small">
                      <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/questions-and-expert-answers-about-the-deal-to-disarm-hamas/" target="_self">
              10 questions (and expert answers) about the deal to disarm Hamas            </a>
                  </h1>
                          <p class="gta-home2021-banner--content medium">Atlantic Council experts weigh in on the newly announced agreement, which could lead to the disarmament of the Gaza-based terrorist group.</p>
                    <p class="gta-home2021-banner--cta"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/questions-and-expert-answers-about-the-deal-to-disarm-hamas/" target="_self" aria-label="Read more on 10 questions (and expert answers) about the deal to disarm Hamas">Read more</a></p>
          </div>
  </div>
</section>

	<section class="gta-trending-recent">
  <div class="gta-trending-recent--row">
                <div class="gta-trending-recent--single">
                  <a class="gta-trending-recent--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/how-will-trumps-new-science-strategy-change-us-research/" target="_self">
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--img-container">
              <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2020-10-29T000000Z_770313323_MT1ZUMA000WKLIXU_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img class="gta-trending-recent--img" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2020-10-29T000000Z_770313323_MT1ZUMA000WKLIXU_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-500x350.jpg" alt="" width="340" height="240" data-eio="p" /></picture>
                              <span class="gta-trending-recent--topic">Technology</span>
                          </div>
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--content">
                              <h2 class="gta-trending-recent--title">How will Trump’s new science strategy change US research?</h2>
                                            <span class="gta-trending-recent--mobile-topic">Technology</span>
                          </div>
          
                    </a>
              </div>
                <div class="gta-trending-recent--single">
                  <a class="gta-trending-recent--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/with-a-saudi-deal-the-us-begins-plan-c-for-nonproliferation-in-the-middle-east/" target="_self">
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--img-container">
              <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2025-05-13T101006Z_111470219_RC2XGEAOZJ68_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-GULF-SAUDI-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img class="gta-trending-recent--img" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2025-05-13T101006Z_111470219_RC2XGEAOZJ68_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-GULF-SAUDI-500x350.jpg" alt="" width="340" height="240" data-eio="p" /></picture>
                              <span class="gta-trending-recent--topic">Middle East</span>
                          </div>
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--content">
                              <h2 class="gta-trending-recent--title">With a Saudi deal, the US begins ‘Plan C’ for nonproliferation in the Middle East</h2>
                                            <span class="gta-trending-recent--mobile-topic">Middle East</span>
                          </div>
          
                    </a>
              </div>
                <div class="gta-trending-recent--single">
                  <a class="gta-trending-recent--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/mapping-us-investment-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/" target="_self">
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--img-container">
              <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2024-07-19T134811Z_501941562_MT1SPYC0600900_RTRMADP_3_SCIENCE-PHOTO-LIBRARY-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img class="gta-trending-recent--img" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2024-07-19T134811Z_501941562_MT1SPYC0600900_RTRMADP_3_SCIENCE-PHOTO-LIBRARY-500x350.jpg" alt="" width="340" height="240" data-eio="p" /></picture>
                              <span class="gta-trending-recent--topic">Economics &amp; Business</span>
                          </div>
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--content">
                              <h2 class="gta-trending-recent--title">Mapping US investment in Latin America and the Caribbean</h2>
                                            <span class="gta-trending-recent--mobile-topic">Economics &amp; Business</span>
                          </div>
          
                    </a>
              </div>
                <div class="gta-trending-recent--single">
                  <a class="gta-trending-recent--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/the-fable-5-shutdown-and-the-troubling-precedent-it-sets-for-ai-policy/" target="_self">
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--img-container">
              <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-06-10T000000Z_1618889738_MT1NURPHO0004A2AS7_RTRMADP_3_CLAUDE-FABLE-ILLUSTRATIONS-500x350.jpg.webp"  type="image/webp"><img class="gta-trending-recent--img" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-06-10T000000Z_1618889738_MT1NURPHO0004A2AS7_RTRMADP_3_CLAUDE-FABLE-ILLUSTRATIONS-500x350.jpg" alt="" width="340" height="240" data-eio="p" /></picture>
                              <span class="gta-trending-recent--topic">Artificial Intelligence</span>
                          </div>
          
                      <div class="gta-trending-recent--content">
                              <h2 class="gta-trending-recent--title">The Fable 5 shutdown and the troubling precedent it sets for AI policy</h2>
                                            <span class="gta-trending-recent--mobile-topic">Artificial Intelligence</span>
                          </div>
          
                    </a>
              </div>
      </div>
</section>

	<section class="p-page">
		<div class="p-page--container row">
			<div class="o-page--content columns-12">
				<div class="p-page--text gta-gutenburg">
					<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>

<section class="gta-about gutenblock gutenblock--about about  alignfull" id="about-block_320087f373ff216f9726fd836edf0c16">
  <div class="gta-about--inner j-about-slick">

                    <div class="gta-about--single gta-about--initial ">
                      <a class="gta-about--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/" target="_self" aria-label="Read more on Who we are">
                                      <div class="gta-about--initial--upper">
                                  <h2 class="gta-about--title">Who we are</h2>
                                                  <p class="gta-about--content">Through first-rate analysis and high-level convenings, the Atlantic Council promotes US cooperation with allies on the world’s defining  challenges, delivers relevant insight at speed to policymakers and the public, and helps shape a peaceful and prosperous global future.</p>
                              </div>
                                      <span class="s-button button secondary gta-about--button">Learn more</span>
                                    </a>
                  </div>
    
                                <div class="gta-about--single gta-about--card media-headline-text">
                                              <a class="gta-about--link" href="https://player.vimeo.com/video/783007860?h=d6a5c41c58&#038;badge=0&#038;autopause=0&#038;player_id=0&#038;app_id=58479" data-featherlight="iframe" data-featherlight-iframe-allowfullscreen="true" data-featherlight-iframe-width="640" data-featherlight-iframe-height="360">
                                  
                                  <div class="gta-about--media video" style="background-image: url(https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/nonpartisan-change-makers-300x169.png);">
                                          <div class="gta-about--media--play">
                        <svg width="24" height="30" viewBox="0 0 24 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                          <path d="M21.7286 14.7643L1.45715 2.27142V27.2571L21.7286 14.7643Z" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" />
                        </svg>
                      </div>
                                      </div>
                
                <div class="gta-about--single--inner">
                                      <h2 class="gta-about--title">About us</h2>
                                                        <p class="gta-about--content">The Atlantic Council galvanizes US leadership and worldwide engagement, in collaboration with allies and partners, to shape solutions to global challenges.<br />
<br />
</p>
                                  </div>

                                                </a>
                                    </div>

                                        <div class="gta-about--single gta-about--card media-headline-text">
                                          <a class="gta-about--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/the-atlantic-council-at-60/the-atlantic-imperative/" target="_self">
                              
                                  <div class="gta-about--media image" style="background-image: url(https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dan-Fried-event1-300x150.jpg);">
                                      </div>
                
                <div class="gta-about--single--inner">
                                      <h2 class="gta-about--title">The Atlantic imperative</h2>
                                                        <p class="gta-about--content">The Council launched in 1961, just as the Cold War threatened to turn hot.</p>
                                  </div>

                                                    </a>
                                        </div>

                                        <div class="gta-about--single gta-about--card full-text orange">
                          <a class="gta-about--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/people/" target="_self">
                                            <p class="gta-about--stat">650+</p>
                                            <h2 class="gta-about--title">Staff and fellows worldwide</h2>
                                            <p class="gta-about--content">We generate ideas, foster debates, and leverage innovative approaches to develop practical solutions for today’s most pressing issues. By building consensus and mobilizing durable coalitions, we transform ideas into action.</p>
                                          </a>
                      </div>
              </div>
</section>


<section class="gta-issue-spotlight gutenblock gutenblock--issue-spotlight issue-spotlight  alignfull spotlight-theme-light" id="issue-spotlight-block_2fe9c73b442390fc90b2ecfcb7573494">

      <div class="gta-spotlight--opener">
      <h2 class="gta-spotlight--opener--title">Spotlight</h2>
    </div>
  
  <div class="gta-spotlight--inner">
                <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--left">
              <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/war-with-iran/">
                          <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Iran</p>
                          <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">War with Iran</h2>
                          <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">Analysis from Atlantic Council experts in Washington, the Middle East, and around the world on the latest developments in the US-Israeli campaign and what’s to come for Iran and the region. </p>
                          <span class="s-button button secondary gta-spotlight--button">Read More</span>
                        </a>
          </div>
                                  <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--right">
          <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/the-big-story/a-misguided-war-a-flawed-deal-and-a-dangerous-future-heres-what-to-do-next-on-iran/">
                          <div class="gta-spotlight--thumb">
                <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-04-03T212710Z_528935417_RC25CKABQCRE_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-USA-500x350.jpg.webp 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-04-03T212710Z_528935417_RC25CKABQCRE_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-USA-1000x700.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes='auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px' type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-04-03T212710Z_528935417_RC25CKABQCRE_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-USA-500x350.jpg" class="gta-spotlight--image" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-04-03T212710Z_528935417_RC25CKABQCRE_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-USA-500x350.jpg 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-04-03T212710Z_528935417_RC25CKABQCRE_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-USA-1000x700.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-eio="p" /></picture>              </div>
                        <div class="gta-spotlight--right--content">
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">The Big Story</p>
                            <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">A misguided war, a flawed deal, and a dangerous future. Here’s what to do next on Iran.</h2>
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--byline">by <span>William F. Wechsler</span></p>
                                            <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">Trump should embrace a new negotiating approach, a new emphasis on regional security and deterrence, and a new commitment to preparing for the future.</p>
                          </div>
          </a>
        </div>
                      <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--right">
          <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/what-the-us-iran-deal-means-for-the-rest-of-the-middle-east-and-beyond/">
                          <div class="gta-spotlight--thumb">
                <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-500x350.jpg.webp 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-300x211.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-1024x719.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-768x539.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-1536x1078.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-2048x1438.jpg.webp 2048w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-1000x700.jpg.webp 1000w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-997x700.jpg.webp 997w" sizes='auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px' type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-500x350.jpg" class="gta-spotlight--image" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-500x350.jpg 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-300x211.jpg 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-1024x719.jpg 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-768x539.jpg 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-1536x1078.jpg 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-2048x1438.jpg 2048w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-1000x700.jpg 1000w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-15T115242Z_1869922155_RC2AULAI0HR3_RTRMADP_3_IRAN-CRISIS-ISRAEL-LEBANON-997x700.jpg 997w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-eio="p" /></picture>              </div>
                        <div class="gta-spotlight--right--content">
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Dispatches</p>
                            <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">What the US-Iran deal means for the rest of the Middle East (and beyond)</h2>
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--byline">by <span>Atlantic Council experts</span></p>
                                            <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">Atlantic Council experts look at the ways the memorandum of understanding between Washington and Tehran will affect other countries.</p>
                          </div>
          </a>
        </div>
            </div>

</section>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  small" id="responsive-spacer-block_7b4e05cec3e7587cc7e2c39edc3f480f"></section></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_ccd8535816781bc9450b95ffd8dbdbda" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">Flagship event</h2>
	</div>
</section>


<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/global-citizen-awards/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-1024x769.png" alt="" class="wp-image-934010 size-full" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-1024x769.png 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-300x225.png 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-768x577.png 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-1536x1153.png 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-2048x1538.png 2048w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/GCA26_Web-932x700.png 932w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-atlantic-council-global-citizen-awards"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/global-citizen-awards/">Atlantic Council <strong>Global Citizen Awards</strong></a></h3>



<p><strong>September 23, 2026</strong></p>



<p>Held on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, the 2026 Atlantic Council <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/global-citizen-awards/">Global Citizen Awards</a> underscores our critical mission to shape the global future together, while recognizing the accomplishments of key global citizens seeking to improve the state of the world.</p>



<div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/event/2026-atlantic-council-global-citizen-awards/">Register to watch</a></div>
</div>
</div></div>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  small" id="responsive-spacer-block_7b4e05cec3e7587cc7e2c39edc3f480f"></section></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_f845066c2acccf3b2ade5225d48adee5" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">A new way to stay informed</h2>
	</div>
</section>


<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ac-intel-promo-signup/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="444" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AC-Intel-1-1024x444.png" alt="" class="wp-image-868953 size-full" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AC-Intel-1-1024x444.png 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AC-Intel-1-300x130.png 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AC-Intel-1-768x333.png 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AC-Intel-1-1000x434.png 1000w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AC-Intel-1.png 1275w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
<p>With AC Intel, the Atlantic Council&#8217;s daily newsletter, you can get exclusive insight on breaking news, in-depth research on the world&#8217;s defining challenges, and top moments from our high-level events in your inbox each day.</p>



<div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ac-intel-promo-signup/">Sign up today</a></div>
</div>
</div></div>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_0593a06edd04c300de1e0acab1810574" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">Stream anywhere you go</h2>
	</div>
</section>


<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/podcasts/"><picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-1024x768.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-300x225.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-768x576.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-1536x1152.jpg.webp 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-2048x1536.jpg.webp 2048w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-933x700.jpg.webp 933w" sizes='(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px' type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-1024x768.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-920270 size-full" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Podcast-Studio-Photo-V11-copy-933x700.jpg 933w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" data-eio="p" /></picture></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-atlantic-council-podcasts"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/podcasts/">Atlantic Council Podcasts</a></h3>



<p>From the front lines of biodefense and security to the high-stakes world of geoeconomics, our podcasts break down the &nbsp;forces shaping the global future world with unfiltered insights you won’t find anywhere else.</p>



<div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/podcasts/">Listen now</a></div>
</div>
</div></div>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  small" id="responsive-spacer-block_7b4e05cec3e7587cc7e2c39edc3f480f"></section></div>



<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_2f5689efdc325af992ee60ac12de6d26" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">Featured interactive</h2>
	</div>
</section>

<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>


<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geoeconomics-center/trump-tariff-tracker/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-1024x768.jpg" alt="Trump Tariff Tracker" class="wp-image-831934 size-full" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/shutterstock_2524664627-933x700.jpg 933w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-trump-tariff-tracker"><strong><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geoeconomics-center/trump-tariff-tracker/">Trump Tariff Tracker</a></strong></h3>



<p>The second Trump administration has embarked on a novel and aggressive tariff policy to address a range of economic and national security concerns. This tracker monitors the evolution of these tariffs and provides expert context on the economic conditions driving their creation—along with their real-world impact.</p>



<div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/geoeconomics-center/trump-tariff-tracker/">Explore the data</a></div>
</div>
</div></div>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  small" id="responsive-spacer-block_7b4e05cec3e7587cc7e2c39edc3f480f"></section></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_77d759d4b4377ca6b31b0de449b1b95a" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">Support the Atlantic Council</h2>
	</div>
</section>


<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Atlantic Council 2025 in review: highlights from an impactful year of programming and analysis" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ny5DpNtdv_g?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>


<p>Over the past six decades, the Atlantic Council has grown in scope and ambition in ways its founders couldn’t have imagined. We recognize that this growth wouldn’t be possible without you as a partner, and we are grateful for your generosity to the Atlantic Council. Our work, however, is just getting started—and we need your help to sustain it.</p>



<p>If you would like to join us in shaping a better world, please <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/donate/">support our work</a> and donate today.</p>



<div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fdcfc74e wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/donate/">Donate</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_59fe352dc57f928b8a86be6a7b53b52b" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">Watch ACTV</h2>
	</div>
</section>


<div style='position: relative;width: auto;padding: 0 0 56.25%;height: 0;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;margin: 0;border: 0 none' id="experience-64fb8cf91c4d0" data-aspectRatio="1.77777778" data-mobile-aspectRatio="0.72727273"><iframe allowfullscreen src='https://view.ceros.com/atlantic-council/ceros-template-auto-carousel-w-animated-progress-bar-2-1?mobileHeightOverride=1100' style='position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;margin: 0;padding: 0;border: 0 none;height: 1px;width: 1px;min-height: 100%;min-width: 100%' frameborder='0' class='ceros-experience' title='Execution - ACTV feature embed' scrolling='no'></iframe></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://view.ceros.com/scroll-proxy.min.js" data-ceros-origin-domains="view.ceros.com"></script>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>

<section class="gta-section-opener gutenblock gutenblock--section-opener section-opener  contained" id="section-opener-block_65c70d7aa50f3587317be7bf3930427c" >
	<div class="gta-section-opener--inner">
		<h2 class="gta-section-opener--title">Our impact</h2>
	</div>
</section>


<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/2025-annual-report/"><picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-1024x768.jpg.webp 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-300x225.jpg.webp 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-768x576.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-933x700.jpg.webp 933w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6.jpg.webp 1322w" sizes='auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px' type="image/webp"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-1024x768.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-921192 size-full" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6-933x700.jpg 933w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Annual-Report-2025-6.jpg 1322w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" data-eio="p" /></picture></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-2025-2026-annual-report"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/2025-annual-report/">2025/2026 Annual Report</a></h3>



<p>Through the work it publishes, the ideas it generates, the future leaders it develops, and the communities it builds, the Atlantic Council shapes policy choices and strategies to create a more free, secure, and prosperous world.</p>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_797e7908194138f001ea755bdface5b8"></section></div>


<div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/2025-annual-report/">Explore our impact</a></div>
</div>
</div></div>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  small" id="responsive-spacer-block_7b4e05cec3e7587cc7e2c39edc3f480f"></section></div>

<section class="gta-issue-spotlight gutenblock gutenblock--issue-spotlight issue-spotlight  alignfull spotlight-theme-light" id="issue-spotlight-block_09071adb9dc833ab4a2ff48f074cc216">

      <div class="gta-spotlight--opener">
      <h2 class="gta-spotlight--opener--title">Spotlight</h2>
    </div>
  
  <div class="gta-spotlight--inner">
                <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--left">
              <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/region/venezuela/">
                          <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Latin America</p>
                          <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">The future of Venezuela</h2>
                          <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">Following the US capture of Nicolás Maduro, Atlantic Council experts are analyzing the next steps for Venezuela and the global ramifications.</p>
                          <span class="s-button button secondary gta-spotlight--button">Read More</span>
                        </a>
          </div>
                                  <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--right">
          <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/washington-needs-a-plan-venezuela-before-its-too-late/">
                          <div class="gta-spotlight--thumb">
                <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-01-29T005158Z_546231267_RC28AJACND8L_RTRMADP_3_VENEZUELA-POLITICS-500x350.jpg.webp 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-01-29T005158Z_546231267_RC28AJACND8L_RTRMADP_3_VENEZUELA-POLITICS-1000x700.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes='auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px' type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-01-29T005158Z_546231267_RC28AJACND8L_RTRMADP_3_VENEZUELA-POLITICS-500x350.jpg" class="gta-spotlight--image" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-01-29T005158Z_546231267_RC28AJACND8L_RTRMADP_3_VENEZUELA-POLITICS-500x350.jpg 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-01-29T005158Z_546231267_RC28AJACND8L_RTRMADP_3_VENEZUELA-POLITICS-1000x700.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-eio="p" /></picture>              </div>
                        <div class="gta-spotlight--right--content">
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Dispatches</p>
                            <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">Washington needs a ‘Plan Venezuela’ before it’s too late</h2>
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--byline">by <span>James Story and David Bellon</span></p>
                                            <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">Using Plan Colombia as a model, the United States should commit to a long-term, well-funded effort to bring security to Venezuela.</p>
                          </div>
          </a>
        </div>
                      <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--right">
          <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/how-the-imf-can-help-venezuela-stabilize-its-economy/">
                          <div class="gta-spotlight--thumb">
                <img decoding="async" width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2024-10-23T134809Z_341322309_MT1SIPA0005073DN_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-500x350.jpg" class="gta-spotlight--image" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2024-10-23T134809Z_341322309_MT1SIPA0005073DN_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-500x350.jpg 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2024-10-23T134809Z_341322309_MT1SIPA0005073DN_RTRMADP_3_SIPA-USA-1000x700.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" />              </div>
                        <div class="gta-spotlight--right--content">
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Dispatches</p>
                            <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">How the IMF can help Venezuela stabilize its economy</h2>
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--byline">by <span>Martin Mühleisen</span></p>
                                            <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">The institution can bring financing and technical assistance to a Venezuelan debt restructuring—and in a way the prevents preferential treatment to Chinese creditors.</p>
                          </div>
          </a>
        </div>
            </div>

</section>


<section class="gta-issue-spotlight gutenblock gutenblock--issue-spotlight issue-spotlight  alignfull spotlight-theme-light" id="issue-spotlight-block_f1bbe62a95998545b9a24921700cbfba">

      <div class="gta-spotlight--opener">
      <h2 class="gta-spotlight--opener--title">Spotlight </h2>
    </div>
  
  <div class="gta-spotlight--inner">
                <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--left">
              <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/war-in-ukraine/">
                          <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Security and Defense</p>
                          <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">Russia&#039;s war on Ukraine</h2>
                          <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">As Russian&#8217;s war against Ukraine grinds on, Atlantic Council experts are closely monitoring the latest developments and analyzing the paths forward.</p>
                          <span class="s-button button secondary gta-spotlight--button">Read More</span>
                        </a>
          </div>
                                  <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--right">
          <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/dispatch-from-kyiv-russia-is-more-vulnerable-than-it-might-seem/">
                          <div class="gta-spotlight--thumb">
                <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-02T044734Z_1111127035_MT1ZUMA00053HEGP_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-500x350.jpg.webp 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-02T044734Z_1111127035_MT1ZUMA00053HEGP_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1000x700.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes='auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px' type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-02T044734Z_1111127035_MT1ZUMA00053HEGP_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-500x350.jpg" class="gta-spotlight--image" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-02T044734Z_1111127035_MT1ZUMA00053HEGP_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-500x350.jpg 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026-06-02T044734Z_1111127035_MT1ZUMA00053HEGP_RTRMADP_3_ZUMA-1000x700.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-eio="p" /></picture>              </div>
                        <div class="gta-spotlight--right--content">
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">Dispatches</p>
                            <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">Dispatch from Kyiv: Russia is more vulnerable than it might seem</h2>
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--byline">by <span>John E. Herbst</span>, <span>Shelby Magid</span></p>
                                            <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">A recent trip to Ukraine reveals a country growing in strength and confidence, while Russia is increasingly on the back foot.</p>
                          </div>
          </a>
        </div>
                      <div class="gta-spotlight--single gta-spotlight--right">
          <a class="gta-spotlight--link" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/ukraines-battlefield-success-should-not-lead-us-to-underestimate-russia/">
                          <div class="gta-spotlight--thumb">
                <picture><source srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-09T121726Z_1300965629_MT1DDPMEDDDP28082000_RTRMADP_3_DDP-500x350.jpg.webp 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-09T121726Z_1300965629_MT1DDPMEDDDP28082000_RTRMADP_3_DDP-1000x700.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes='auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px' type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="350" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-09T121726Z_1300965629_MT1DDPMEDDDP28082000_RTRMADP_3_DDP-500x350.jpg" class="gta-spotlight--image" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-09T121726Z_1300965629_MT1DDPMEDDDP28082000_RTRMADP_3_DDP-500x350.jpg 500w, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-09T121726Z_1300965629_MT1DDPMEDDDP28082000_RTRMADP_3_DDP-1000x700.jpg 1000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-eio="p" /></picture>              </div>
                        <div class="gta-spotlight--right--content">
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--eyebrow">UkraineAlert</p>
                            <h2 class="gta-spotlight--title">Ukraine’s battlefield success should not lead us to underestimate Russia</h2>
                              <p class="gta-spotlight--byline">by <span>Peter Dickinson</span></p>
                                            <p class="gta-spotlight--excerpt">The Russian invasion of Ukraine has failed to achieve any of its key goals, but this reflects Ukrainian strength rather than Russian weakness. Putin&#8217;s army remains a formidable threat to Europe that must not be underestimated, writes Peter Dickinson.</p>
                          </div>
          </a>
        </div>
            </div>

</section>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer  extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_ce297ef8f3937cb27d2f8773a56fd0e6"></section></div>

<section class="gta-social gutenblock gutenblock--social-media social-media "
  id="social-media-block_b09156b25bdad2a8ced703bcdec86350">
  <div class="gta-social--inner">
          <h3 class="gta-social--title">Follow us on social media</h3>
    
          <div class="gta-social--links gta-share">
                  <a href="http://twitter.com/atlanticcouncil/" target="_blank"  class="gta-social--link e-share-link e-share-link__twitter" aria-label="Follow us on twitter">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="gta-social--icon symbol-twitter">
              <use href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=17484564564237#twitter"></use>
            </svg>
          </a>
                  <a href="http://facebook.com/atlanticcouncil/" target="_blank"  class="gta-social--link e-share-link e-share-link__facebook" aria-label="Follow us on facebook">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="gta-social--icon symbol-facebook">
              <use href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=17484564564237#facebook"></use>
            </svg>
          </a>
                  <a href="http://youtube.com/atlanticcouncil" target="_blank"  class="gta-social--link e-share-link e-share-link__youtube" aria-label="Follow us on youtube">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="gta-social--icon symbol-youtube">
              <use href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=17484564564237#youtube"></use>
            </svg>
          </a>
                  <a href="http://instagram.com/atlanticcouncil/" target="_blank"  class="gta-social--link e-share-link e-share-link__instagram" aria-label="Follow us on instagram">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="gta-social--icon symbol-instagram">
              <use href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=17484564564237#instagram"></use>
            </svg>
          </a>
                  <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/atlantic-council " target="_blank"  class="gta-social--link e-share-link e-share-link__linkedin" aria-label="Follow us on linkedin">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="gta-social--icon symbol-linkedin">
              <use href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=17484564564237#linkedin"></use>
            </svg>
          </a>
                  <a href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAU03VJkK7En6dvY720" target="_blank"  class="gta-social--link e-share-link e-share-link__whatsapp" aria-label="Follow us on whatsapp">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="gta-social--icon symbol-whatsapp">
              <use href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/ac_global-icons.svg?ver=17484564564237#whatsapp"></use>
            </svg>
          </a>
              </div>
      </div>
</section>


<div class="align-wrap align-wrap-full"><section class="gta-spacer gutenblock gutenblock--responsive-spacer responsive-spacer wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio extra-small" id="responsive-spacer-block_846305e91342452715506c7fed6eaa2b"></section></div>


<p></p>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	</section>


</main>

  <footer id="colophon" class="gta-footer ps--hidden" role="contentinfo">
    <div class="gta-footer--upper">
      <h4 class="footer-cta">Join our network</h4>
      <p class="footer-cta--summary">Sign up to receive expert analysis from our community on the most important global issues, rapid insights on events as they unfold, and highlights of the Council's best work.</p>
              <div id="globalCTAForm">
  <!-- hubspot embed -->
  <style type="text/css">
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e {
      display: flex;
      flex-flow: column nowrap;
      gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e > .hs-form-field {
      position: relative;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e > .hs-form-field .hs-error-msg {
      font-size: 0.875rem;
      color: var(--ac-color--alt-orange);
      line-height: inherit;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e > .hs-form-field > ul {
      pointer-events: none;
      position: absolute;
      list-style-type: none;
      list-style-position: unset;
      display: flex;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      height: calc(100% - 1.25rem);
      flex-flow: column nowrap;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e .hs-form-field > ul > li {
      padding: 0;
      margin: auto;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e .hs-submit {
      margin-top: 2rem;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e .hs-richtext {
      color: inherit;
      line-height: inherit;
      font-family: 'proxima-nova', sans-serif;
      font-size: 12px;
      margin-top: 1rem;
    }
    #hsForm_c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e .hs-richtext a {
      color: var(--ac-color--orange);
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    .hs-form-c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e.submitted-message {
      color: var(--ac-color--white);
    }
    .hs-form-c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e.submitted-message p {
      color: inherit;
      text-align: center;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="//js.hsforms.net/forms/embed/v2.js" defer>// load the hbspt object without blocking page render (note: this is not the actual form)</script>
  <script>
    (function() {

      // email form loaded
      // (4) display form
      function hubspotFormLoadCallback(inst) {
        // console.info('fn: hubspotFormLoadCallback %o', inst);
        const form_ele = document.getElementById(`hbspt-form-${inst.instanceId}`);
        const form_ele_wrapper = document.getElementById('globalCTAForm');
        if ( form_ele && form_ele_wrapper ) {
          const relocate_form_ele = form_ele.parentElement.removeChild(form_ele);
          form_ele_wrapper.append(relocate_form_ele);
        }
      }

      // hbspt loaded
      // (3) load actual email form
      function hubspotFormLoad() {
        // console.info('fn: hubspotFormLoad', hbspt);
        if ( hbspt && hbspt.forms && typeof hbspt.forms.create === 'function' ) {
          const hbsptInstance = hbspt.forms.create({
            portalId: '43957839',
            formId: 'c93256d8-58e1-4a9f-ac49-d40f2065653e',
            region: 'na1'
          });

          if ( hbsptInstance ) {
            // console.info('o: hbsptInstance', hbsptInstance);
            hbsptInstance.onFormReady((e) => {
              // console.log('e: onFormReady', e);
              hubspotFormLoadCallback(hbsptInstance);
            });
          }
        }
      }

      // (2) track hbspt load progress
      function hubspotDeferredLoadReport() {
        // console.info('fn: hubspotDeferredLoadReport');
        if ( typeof hbspt !== 'object' ) {
          document.addEventListener('load', hubspotDeferredLoadReport, true);
        } else if ( ! hubspotDeferredLoadReport.done ) {
          document.removeEventListener('load', hubspotDeferredLoadReport, true);
          hubspotDeferredLoadReport.done = true;
          hubspotFormLoad();
        }
      }

      // (1)
      hubspotDeferredLoadReport();
    })();
  </script>
  <!-- / hubspot embed -->
</div>
          </div>
    <div class="gta-footer--lower">
              <img class="gta-footer--logo" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/images/AC-logo-light.svg" alt="Atlantic Council Logo" width="200" height="90" />
      <div class="gta-footer--copyright">
        <p>&copy; 2026 Atlantic Council<br />All rights reserved.</p>
      </div>
      <ul id="footer-legal" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-167665" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-167665"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-173583" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-173583"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/cookie-policy/">Cookie Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-173584" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-173584"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/terms-of-use/">Terms and conditions of use</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-167667" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-167667"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/intellectual-independence-policy/">Intellectual Independence Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-167670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-167670"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/government-funding-review-process/">Government Funding Review Process</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-167668" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-167668"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/policy-on-donor-acceptance-and-disclosure/">Policy on donor acceptance and disclosure</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-674214" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-674214"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/modern-day-slavery-and-anti-human-trafficking-policy/">Modern Day Slavery and Anti-Human Trafficking Policy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-923382" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-923382"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/event-code-of-conduct/">Event Code of Conduct</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-197707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-197707"><a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/photo-credits/">Photo credits</a></li>
</ul>    </div>
  </footer>
</div>

<template id="SkeltiTemplate" data-template="skeltiTemplate">
  <div class="skelti-placeholder">
    <hr class="skelti-row" />
    <hr class="skelti-row" />
    <span class="skelti-group">
      <span class="skelti-item"></span>
      <span class="skelti-item"></span>
      <span class="skelti-item"></span>
    </span>
  </div>
</template><template id="UserFeedback">
  
  <div class="feedback-container">
    <slot name="feedback--heading">ERROR MESSAGE HEADING</slot>
    <slot name="feedback--sub-heading">ERROR MESSAGE SUBHEADING</slot>
    <slot name="feedback--content">ERROR MESSAGE CONTENT</slot>
    <slot name="feedback--info">ERROR MESSAGE INFO</slot>
  </div>
  
</template><template id="TechnicalIssue" data-template="technicalIssue">
  <user-feedback class="feedback-container">
    <h2 class="feedback--heading" slot="feedback--heading">Oops...</h2>
    <h3 class="feedback--sub-heading" slot="feedback--sub-heading">It looks like we're having a technical issue.</h3>
    <p class="feedback--content" slot="feedback--content">If refreshing the page doesn't resolve the issue you could try clearing the sites browser cache.</p>
    <aside class="feedback--info" slot="feedback--info"><strong class="info-highlight">Pro Tip:</strong> <i>If you're on a laptop or desktop you can flush everything the browser currently has cached for the site by simply holding down the Shift key while clicking the browsers refresh icon at the same time.</i></aside>
  </user-feedback>
</template>
	<div id="ultimate_ada_translate_element" class="notranslate" aria-hidden="true" translate="no"></div>
	<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">				jQuery(document).ready(function () {
					jQuery('.remove_tooltip_effect .tooltipsall').each
					(function()
					{
					disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html();
					jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei);
					})
				})
				</script><script type="text/javascript">			jQuery(document).ready(function () {
				jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_title .tooltipsall').each
				(function()
				{
				disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).text();
				jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei);
				})
			})
			</script><script type="text/javascript">				jQuery(document).ready(function () {
					jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_content .tooltipsall').each
					(function()
					{
					disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).html();
					jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei);
					})
				})
				</script>	<script type="text/javascript">
	var ajaxurl = '/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php';

	function tooltipsdate()
	{
			var d=new Date();
			str='';
			str +=d.getFullYear()+'-';
			str +=d.getMonth()+1+'-';
			str +=d.getDate()+'-';
			str +=d.getHours()+'-';
			str +=d.getMinutes()+'-';
			str +=d.getSeconds();
			return str;
	}
	var nowtime = tooltipsdate();
	var tooltipsClientIP = '123.17.114.11, 167.82.131.94';

	function toolTips(whichID,theTipContent,toolTipPostID,theTipTitle, toolTipCustomizedStyle)
	{
				if (typeof toolTipPostID==='undefined')
		{
			toolTipPostID = '0';
		}

		toolTipPostStyleName = 'ui-wordpress-tooltip-pro';
		if (typeof toolTipCustomizedStyle==='undefined')
		{
			toolTipCustomizedStyle = 'ui-wordpress-tooltip-pro';
		}

			jQuery(whichID).qtip
			(
				{
					content:
					{
													text:theTipContent,
											},
    				postid:toolTipPostID,
						style:
	   					{
							classes:'defaults'

	    				},
											position:
    				{
    					viewport: jQuery(window),
    					my: 'bottom center',
    					at: 'top center'    				},
					show:
						{
												delay:0,
						event: 'mouseover',
												effect: function() {
										                jQuery(this).fadeTo(200, 1);
			                		jQuery('.qtip iframe').attr('id','stopplayingyoutube');
			                		oldsrc =  jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("oldsrc");

			                		if ('undefined' == oldsrc)
			                		{

			                		}
			                		else
			                		{

			                			jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("src", jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("oldsrc"));
			                		}
			            }
						},
					hide:
															{
										event: 'mouseout',
										effect: function(offset)
										{
											jQuery('.qtip iframe').attr('id','stopplayingyoutube');
								 			jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("oldsrc", jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("src"));
											jQuery("#stopplayingyoutube").attr("src", '');
								            jQuery(this).slideDown(100); // "this" refers to the tooltip
								        }
									}
											}
			)
	}
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">
var inboxs = new Array();
inboxs['language'] = "en";
inboxs['hidezeronumberitem'] = "no";
inboxs['selectors'] = '.tooltips_list > span';
inboxs['navitemdefaultsize'] = '12px';
inboxs['navitemselectedsize'] = '14px';
inboxs['navitembackground'] = '#007DBD';inboxs['number'] = "yes";
//!!!jQuery('.tooltips_directory').directory(inboxs);
jQuery(document).ready(function () {
	jQuery('.tooltips_directory').directory(inboxs);  //!!!
	jQuery('.navitem').css('font-size','12px');
})
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(document).ready(function () {
	jQuery('.classtoolTipsCustomShortCode').each(function()
	{
		   jQuery(this).html(jQuery(this).text());
	});
})
</script>
	<script type="text/javascript">

	jQuery(document).ready(function () {
		jQuery('.tooltipsall:has(img)').css('border-bottom','0px');
		jQuery('.tooltipsall > img').css('border-bottom','2px dotted #888888');
		jQuery('.tooltipsall > img').css('padding','0px 0px 6px 0px');
	})
	</script>
<script type="text/javascript">jQuery("document").ready(function(){ var tt_store_content = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit\. Proin fringilla commodo metus, ut dictum ipsum luctus sed\. Aliquam erat volutpat\. Nulla vel ultrices nulla\."; toolTips('.classtoolTips280405, .tooltip_post_id_custom_icon_280405',tt_store_content,'280405','Tooltiptest2020',' ui-wordpress-tooltip-pro  tipscale '); });</script><!-- YouTube Feeds JS -->
<script type="text/javascript">

</script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/tooltips-pro/js/jdirectory/jquery.directory.js?ver=6.9.1" id="directoryjs-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/js/plyr.min.js?ver=3.7.8" id="plyr-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wplyr-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wplyr = {"iconUrl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/images/plyr.svg","blankVideo":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/video/blank.mp4","controls":["play-large","play","progress","current-time","mute","volume","captions","settings","pip","airplay","fullscreen"],"settings":["captions","quality","speed"],"seekTime":"10"};
//# sourceURL=wplyr-js-extra
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wplyr-media-block/assets/js/wplyr.js?ver=1.3.0" id="wplyr-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.21.1" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/intersection-observer?ver=174845645642603" id="ptko-scrollama-polyfill-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/scrollama?ver=174845645642603" id="ptko-scrollama-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/dist/scripts/main.js?ver=174845645642603" id="main-scripts-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js?ver=2.30.3" id="vimeo-player-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ultimate-ada-translator-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window.ultimateAdaTranslatorConfig = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"949c3ab7f6","sourceLanguage":"en","heartbeatMs":30000,"sessionIdleMs":1800000};
//# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-js-before
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ultimate-ada-translator-js-after">
/* <![CDATA[ */
(function () {
	'use strict';

	var rootSelector = '[data-ultimate-ada-translator]';
	var readyAttribute = 'data-ultimate-ada-translator-ready';
	var analyticsConfig = window.ultimateAdaTranslatorConfig || null;
	var analyticsStorageKey = 'ultimateAdaTranslatorSession';
	var accessibilityStorageKey = 'ultimateAdaTranslatorAccessibilityState';
	var pageLoadedAt = Date.now();
	var lastDurationSentMs = 0;
	var didTrackTranslatorView = false;
	var documentLanguageState = null;
	var heartbeatTimer = null;
	var accessibilityDefaults = {
		zoom: 0,
		contrast: false,
		links: false,
		motion: false,
		dyslexia: false
	};
	var accessibilityZoomScales = {
		0: 1,
		1: 1.12,
		2: 1.24
	};

	function canTrackAnalytics() {
		return Boolean(
			analyticsConfig &&
			analyticsConfig.ajaxUrl &&
			analyticsConfig.nonce &&
			window.JSON &&
			window.fetch &&
			window.URLSearchParams
		);
	}

	function createSessionId() {
		var values;

		if (window.crypto && typeof window.crypto.getRandomValues === 'function') {
			values = new Uint32Array(4);
			window.crypto.getRandomValues(values);

			return Array.prototype.map.call(values, function (value) {
				return value.toString(16);
			}).join('');
		}

		return String(Date.now()) + String(Math.random()).replace(/\D/g, '');
	}

	function readSessionContext() {
		var stored;

		try {
			stored = window.sessionStorage.getItem(analyticsStorageKey);
		} catch (error) {
			stored = null;
		}

		if (!stored) {
			return null;
		}

		try {
			return JSON.parse(stored);
		} catch (error) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	function persistSessionContext(context) {
		try {
			window.sessionStorage.setItem(analyticsStorageKey, JSON.stringify(context));
		} catch (error) {
			return;
		}
	}

	function getSessionContext() {
		var context = readSessionContext();
		var now = Date.now();
		var sessionIdleMs = parseInt(analyticsConfig.sessionIdleMs || 1800000, 10);

		if (!context || !context.id || !context.lastActivityAt || now - context.lastActivityAt > sessionIdleMs) {
			context = {
				id: createSessionId(),
				startedAt: now,
				lastActivityAt: now
			};
		}

		context.lastActivityAt = now;
		persistSessionContext(context);

		return context;
	}

	function getPagePath() {
		return window.location.pathname + window.location.search;
	}

	function buildEvent(type, name, label, meta) {
		var eventMeta = {
			client_timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
			client_timezone: '',
			client_timezone_offset: new Date().getTimezoneOffset(),
			source_language: analyticsConfig && analyticsConfig.sourceLanguage ? analyticsConfig.sourceLanguage : '',
			path: getPagePath(),
			title: document.title || ''
		};
		var key;

		if (
			window.Intl &&
			window.Intl.DateTimeFormat &&
			typeof window.Intl.DateTimeFormat === 'function'
		) {
			try {
				eventMeta.client_timezone = window.Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone || '';
			} catch (error) {
				eventMeta.client_timezone = '';
			}
		}

		meta = meta || {};

		for (key in meta) {
			if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(meta, key)) {
				eventMeta[key] = meta[key];
			}
		}

		return {
			type: type,
			name: name || '',
			label: label || '',
			meta: eventMeta
		};
	}

	function sendAnalyticsEvents(events, useBeacon) {
		var context;
		var params;
		var beaconPayload;

		if (!canTrackAnalytics() || !events || !events.length) {
			return;
		}

		context = getSessionContext();
		params = new URLSearchParams();
		params.set('action', 'ultimate_ada_translator_track');
		params.set('nonce', analyticsConfig.nonce);
		params.set('session_id', context.id);
		params.set('events', JSON.stringify(events));

		if (useBeacon && window.navigator && typeof window.navigator.sendBeacon === 'function') {
			beaconPayload = new Blob(
				[params.toString()],
				{
					type: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
				}
			);

			if (window.navigator.sendBeacon(analyticsConfig.ajaxUrl, beaconPayload)) {
				return;
			}
		}

		window.fetch(
			analyticsConfig.ajaxUrl,
			{
				method: 'POST',
				credentials: 'same-origin',
				keepalive: Boolean(useBeacon),
				headers: {
					'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
				},
				body: params.toString()
			}
		).catch(function () {});
	}

	function trackAnalyticsEvent(type, name, label, meta, useBeacon) {
		sendAnalyticsEvents([buildEvent(type, name, label, meta)], useBeacon);
	}

	function getDurationDelta() {
		var elapsedMs = Math.max(Date.now() - pageLoadedAt, 0);
		var deltaMs = Math.max(elapsedMs - lastDurationSentMs, 0);

		lastDurationSentMs = elapsedMs;

		return deltaMs;
	}

	function trackDurationEvent(type, useBeacon) {
		var durationMs;

		if (!didTrackTranslatorView) {
			return;
		}

		durationMs = getDurationDelta();

		if (durationMs < 1000) {
			return;
		}

		trackAnalyticsEvent(
			type,
			'duration',
			'Session Duration',
			{
				duration_ms: durationMs
			},
			useBeacon
		);
	}

	function startHeartbeat() {
		var heartbeatMs;

		if (heartbeatTimer || !canTrackAnalytics()) {
			return;
		}

		heartbeatMs = parseInt(analyticsConfig.heartbeatMs || 30000, 10);
		heartbeatTimer = window.setInterval(function () {
			if (document.visibilityState && document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {
				return;
			}

			trackDurationEvent('duration_ping', false);
		}, heartbeatMs);
	}

	function trackTranslatorViewOnce() {
		if (didTrackTranslatorView) {
			return;
		}

		didTrackTranslatorView = true;
		trackAnalyticsEvent('translator_view', 'view', 'Translator View', {}, false);
		startHeartbeat();
	}

	function normalizeValue(value) {
		var normalized = String(value || '').toLowerCase();

		if (typeof normalized.normalize === 'function') {
			normalized = normalized.normalize('NFD').replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, '');
		}

		return normalized;
	}

	function getLanguages(select) {
		return Array.prototype.map.call(select.options, function (option) {
			return {
				value: option.value,
				googleCode: option.getAttribute('data-google-code') || option.value,
				direction: option.getAttribute('data-direction') || 'ltr',
				label: option.textContent || option.innerText || '',
				search: option.getAttribute('data-search') || ''
			};
		});
	}

	function findLanguage(languages, value) {
		var index;

		for (index = 0; index < languages.length; index += 1) {
			if (languages[index].value === value) {
				return languages[index];
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	function findLanguageByGoogleCode(languages, googleCode) {
		var index;

		for (index = 0; index < languages.length; index += 1) {
			if (languages[index].googleCode === googleCode) {
				return languages[index];
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	function getMatches(languages, query) {
		var normalizedQuery = normalizeValue(query);

		return languages.filter(function (language) {
			var searchable = normalizeValue(language.value + ' ' + language.googleCode + ' ' + language.label + ' ' + language.search);

			return !normalizedQuery || searchable.indexOf(normalizedQuery) !== -1;
		});
	}

	function clearNode(node) {
		while (node && node.firstChild) {
			node.removeChild(node.firstChild);
		}
	}

	function cloneAccessibilityDefaults() {
		return {
			zoom: accessibilityDefaults.zoom,
			contrast: accessibilityDefaults.contrast,
			links: accessibilityDefaults.links,
			motion: accessibilityDefaults.motion,
			dyslexia: accessibilityDefaults.dyslexia
		};
	}

	function normalizeAccessibilityState(state) {
		var normalized = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();

		if (!state) {
			return normalized;
		}

		normalized.zoom = parseInt(state.zoom, 10);

		if (isNaN(normalized.zoom) || normalized.zoom < 0) {
			normalized.zoom = 0;
		} else if (normalized.zoom > 2) {
			normalized.zoom = 2;
		}

		normalized.contrast = Boolean(state.contrast);
		normalized.links = Boolean(state.links);
		normalized.motion = Boolean(state.motion);
		normalized.dyslexia = Boolean(state.dyslexia);

		return normalized;
	}

	function isAccessibilityStateActive(state) {
		var normalized = normalizeAccessibilityState(state);

		return normalized.zoom > 0 || normalized.contrast || normalized.links || normalized.motion || normalized.dyslexia;
	}

	function getTextZoomTargets() {
		if (!document.body) {
			return [];
		}

		return Array.prototype.filter.call(document.body.querySelectorAll('*'), function (element) {
			var tag = element && element.tagName ? element.tagName.toLowerCase() : '';

			if (!tag) {
				return false;
			}

			return [
				'script', 'style', 'noscript', 'svg', 'path', 'circle', 'rect',
				'polygon', 'line', 'iframe', 'canvas', 'video', 'audio', 'img',
				'picture', 'source', 'br', 'hr'
			].indexOf(tag) === -1;
		});
	}

	function rememberOriginalTextMetrics() {
		getTextZoomTargets().forEach(function (element) {
			var computed;
			var fontSize;
			var lineHeight;

			if (element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize && element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeightCaptured === 'true') {
				return;
			}

			computed = window.getComputedStyle(element);

			if (!element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize) {
				fontSize = parseFloat(computed.fontSize);

				if (!isNaN(fontSize) && fontSize > 0) {
					element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize = String(fontSize);
				}
			}

			if (element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeightCaptured !== 'true') {
				lineHeight = null;

				if (computed.lineHeight && computed.lineHeight.slice(-2) === 'px') {
					lineHeight = parseFloat(computed.lineHeight);

					if (isNaN(lineHeight) || lineHeight <= 0) {
						lineHeight = null;
					}
				}

				if (lineHeight !== null) {
					element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeight = String(lineHeight);
				}

				element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeightCaptured = 'true';
			}
		});
	}

	function applyTextZoom(level) {
		var scale = accessibilityZoomScales[level] || 1;

		rememberOriginalTextMetrics();

		getTextZoomTargets().forEach(function (element) {
			var originalFontSize = parseFloat(element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalFontSize || '');
			var originalLineHeight = parseFloat(element.dataset.ultimateAdaOriginalLineHeight || '');

			if (!isNaN(originalFontSize) && originalFontSize > 0) {
				element.style.fontSize = (originalFontSize * scale).toFixed(2) + 'px';
			}

			if (!isNaN(originalLineHeight) && originalLineHeight > 0) {
				element.style.lineHeight = (originalLineHeight * scale).toFixed(2) + 'px';
			}
		});
	}

	function readAccessibilityState() {
		var body = document.body;

		if (!body) {
			return cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		}

		return normalizeAccessibilityState({
			zoom: parseInt(body.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-access-zoom') || '0', 10) || 0,
			contrast: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast'),
			links: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-links'),
			motion: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion'),
			dyslexia: body.classList.contains('ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia')
		});
	}

	function saveAccessibilityState() {
		try {
			window.localStorage.setItem(accessibilityStorageKey, JSON.stringify(readAccessibilityState()));
		} catch (error) {}
	}

	function applyAccessibilityState(state) {
		var body = document.body;
		var normalized = normalizeAccessibilityState(state);

		if (!body) {
			return;
		}

		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-contrast', normalized.contrast);
		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-links', normalized.links);
		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-motion', normalized.motion);
		body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-access-dyslexia', normalized.dyslexia);
		body.setAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-access-zoom', String(normalized.zoom));

		applyTextZoom(normalized.zoom);
	}

	function loadAccessibilityState() {
		var parsedState = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		var storedState;

		try {
			storedState = window.localStorage.getItem(accessibilityStorageKey);

			if (storedState) {
				parsedState = JSON.parse(storedState);
			}
		} catch (error) {
			parsedState = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		}

		applyAccessibilityState(parsedState);
	}

	function getAccessibilityStatusText(state) {
		var normalized = normalizeAccessibilityState(state);
		var activeSettings = [];

		if (normalized.zoom === 1) {
			activeSettings.push('medium text size');
		} else if (normalized.zoom === 2) {
			activeSettings.push('large text size');
		}

		if (normalized.contrast) {
			activeSettings.push('high contrast');
		}

		if (normalized.links) {
			activeSettings.push('highlight links');
		}

		if (normalized.motion) {
			activeSettings.push('reduced motion');
		}

		if (normalized.dyslexia) {
			activeSettings.push('dyslexia-friendly font');
		}

		if (!activeSettings.length) {
			return 'Accessibility tools are set to default.';
		}

		return 'Active accessibility settings: ' + activeSettings.join(', ') + '.';
	}

	function syncAccessibilityButtons(scope) {
		var root = scope || document;
		var state = readAccessibilityState();
		var zoomLabel = 'Text Size: Default';

		if (state.zoom === 1) {
			zoomLabel = 'Text Size: Medium';
		} else if (state.zoom === 2) {
			zoomLabel = 'Text Size: Large';
		}

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="zoom"]'), function (button) {
			button.textContent = zoomLabel;
			button.classList.toggle('is-active', state.zoom > 0);
			button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', state.zoom > 0 ? 'true' : 'false');
		});

		['contrast', 'links', 'motion', 'dyslexia'].forEach(function (control) {
			Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility="' + control + '"]'), function (button) {
				var isActive = Boolean(state[control]);

				button.classList.toggle('is-active', isActive);
				button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', isActive ? 'true' : 'false');
			});
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility-status]'), function (statusNode) {
			statusNode.textContent = getAccessibilityStatusText(state);
		});
	}

	function updateAccessibilityState(control) {
		var state = readAccessibilityState();

		if (control === 'zoom') {
			state.zoom = state.zoom >= 2 ? 0 : state.zoom + 1;
		} else if (control === 'contrast' || control === 'links' || control === 'motion' || control === 'dyslexia') {
			state[control] = !state[control];
		} else if (control === 'reset') {
			state = cloneAccessibilityDefaults();
		}

		applyAccessibilityState(state);
		saveAccessibilityState();
		syncAccessibilityButtons(document);
	}

	function createLanguageButton(language, selectedValue) {
		var button = document.createElement('button');
		var label = document.createElement('span');
		var code = document.createElement('span');

		button.type = 'button';
		button.className = 'ultimate-ada-translator__language-button';
		button.setAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-language', language.value);
		button.setAttribute('data-google-code', language.googleCode);
		button.setAttribute('dir', language.direction);
		button.setAttribute('lang', language.value);
		button.setAttribute('aria-pressed', language.value === selectedValue ? 'true' : 'false');
		button.classList.toggle('is-active', language.value === selectedValue);

		label.textContent = language.label;
		code.className = 'ultimate-ada-translator__language-code';
		code.textContent = language.value;

		button.appendChild(label);
		button.appendChild(code);

		return button;
	}

	function renderOptions(list, empty, languages, query, selectedValue) {
		var matches = getMatches(languages, query);

		clearNode(list);

		if (!matches.length) {
			if (empty) {
				empty.hidden = false;
			}
			return;
		}

		if (empty) {
			empty.hidden = true;
		}

		matches.forEach(function (language) {
			list.appendChild(createLanguageButton(language, selectedValue));
		});
	}

	function updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue) {
		var selectedLanguage = findLanguage(languages, selectedValue);

		root.setAttribute('data-selected-language', selectedValue);

		if (!status || !selectedLanguage) {
			return;
		}

		status.textContent = 'Current language: ' + selectedLanguage.label;
	}

	function captureDocumentLanguageState() {
		var html = document.documentElement;

		if (documentLanguageState || !html) {
			return;
		}

		documentLanguageState = {
			hasDirection: html.hasAttribute('dir'),
			direction: html.getAttribute('dir'),
			hasLanguage: html.hasAttribute('lang'),
			language: html.getAttribute('lang')
		};
	}

	function restoreDocumentLanguageState() {
		var html = document.documentElement;
		var body = document.body;

		captureDocumentLanguageState();

		if (!html || !documentLanguageState) {
			return;
		}

		if (documentLanguageState.hasDirection) {
			html.setAttribute('dir', documentLanguageState.direction || 'ltr');
		} else {
			html.removeAttribute('dir');
		}

		if (documentLanguageState.hasLanguage) {
			html.setAttribute('lang', documentLanguageState.language || 'en');
		} else {
			html.removeAttribute('lang');
		}

		html.classList.remove('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', 'ultimate-ada-translator-ltr');

		if (body) {
			body.classList.remove('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', 'ultimate-ada-translator-ltr');
		}
	}

	function applyDocumentLanguageState(language) {
		var html = document.documentElement;
		var body = document.body;
		var direction = language && language.direction === 'rtl' ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
		var languageCode = language && (language.googleCode || language.value);

		captureDocumentLanguageState();

		if (!html || !languageCode) {
			return;
		}

		html.setAttribute('dir', direction);
		html.setAttribute('lang', languageCode);
		html.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', direction === 'rtl');
		html.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-ltr', direction !== 'rtl');

		if (body) {
			body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-rtl', direction === 'rtl');
			body.classList.toggle('ultimate-ada-translator-ltr', direction !== 'rtl');
		}
	}

	function dispatchLanguageChange(root, selectedValue) {
		var event;

		if (typeof window.CustomEvent !== 'function') {
			return;
		}

		event = new window.CustomEvent(
			'ultimateAdaTranslator:languageChange',
			{
				bubbles: true,
				detail: {
					language: selectedValue
				}
			}
		);

		root.dispatchEvent(event);
	}

	function getActiveTab(root) {
		return root.getAttribute('data-active-tab') || 'language';
	}

	function syncTranslatorTabs(root) {
		var activeTab = getActiveTab(root);

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab]'), function (button) {
			var isActive = button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab') === activeTab;

			button.classList.toggle('is-active', isActive);
			button.setAttribute('aria-selected', isActive ? 'true' : 'false');
			button.tabIndex = isActive ? 0 : -1;
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel]'), function (panel) {
			var isActive = panel.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab-panel') === activeTab;

			panel.hidden = !isActive;
			panel.setAttribute('aria-hidden', isActive ? 'false' : 'true');
		});
	}

	function setActiveTab(root, tabName) {
		root.setAttribute('data-active-tab', tabName === 'accessibility' ? 'accessibility' : 'language');
		syncTranslatorTabs(root);
	}

	function focusActiveTabControl(root) {
		var activeTab = getActiveTab(root);
		var search;
		var firstAccessibilityButton;

		if (activeTab === 'accessibility') {
			firstAccessibilityButton = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility]');

			if (firstAccessibilityButton) {
				firstAccessibilityButton.focus();
			}

			return;
		}

		search = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-search]');

		if (search) {
			search.focus();
		}
	}

	function setPanelState(root, isOpen) {
		var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');
		var panel = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel]');
		var backdrop = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop]');

		if (isOpen) {
			closeAllTranslators(root);
		}

		root.setAttribute('data-open', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false');

		if (trigger) {
			trigger.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false');
		}

		if (panel) {
			panel.hidden = !isOpen;
		}

		if (backdrop) {
			backdrop.hidden = !isOpen;
		}

		if (isOpen) {
			syncTranslatorTabs(root);
		}

		updateLightboxBodyState();
	}

	function closeAllTranslators(exceptRoot) {
		Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'), function (root) {
			if (exceptRoot && root === exceptRoot) {
				return;
			}

			root.setAttribute('data-open', 'false');

			var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');
			var panel = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel]');
			var backdrop = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop]');

			if (trigger) {
				trigger.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
			}

			if (panel) {
				panel.hidden = true;
			}

			if (backdrop) {
				backdrop.hidden = true;
			}
		});
	}

	function updateLightboxBodyState() {
		if (!document.body) {
			return;
		}

		document.body.classList.toggle(
			'ultimate-ada-translator-lightbox-open',
			Boolean(document.querySelector(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'))
		);
	}

	function trackSelectedLanguage(languages, selectedValue) {
		var selectedLanguage = findLanguage(languages, selectedValue);

		if (!selectedLanguage) {
			return;
		}

		trackAnalyticsEvent(
			'language_select',
			selectedLanguage.value,
			selectedLanguage.label,
			{
				language_code: selectedLanguage.value
			},
			false
		);
	}

	function getCookieDomains(hostname) {
		var normalizedHost = String(hostname || '').replace(/^\.+/, '');
		var parts = normalizedHost.split('.').filter(Boolean);
		var domains = ['', normalizedHost, '.' + normalizedHost];
		var index;
		var domain;

		for (index = 1; index < parts.length - 1; index += 1) {
			domain = parts.slice(index).join('.');
			domains.push(domain, '.' + domain);
		}

		return domains.filter(function (value, valueIndex) {
			return value && domains.indexOf(value) === valueIndex;
		});
	}

	function writeCookie(name, value, domain) {
		var domainPart = domain ? '; domain=' + domain : '';

		document.cookie = name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value) + '; path=/' + domainPart + '; SameSite=Lax';
	}

	function expireCookie(name, domain) {
		var domainPart = domain ? '; domain=' + domain : '';

		document.cookie = name + '=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; Max-Age=0; path=/' + domainPart + '; SameSite=Lax';
	}

	function persistGoogleTranslateState(googleCode, sourceGoogleCode) {
		var cookieValue = '/' + (sourceGoogleCode || 'en') + '/' + googleCode;

		getCookieDomains(window.location.hostname).forEach(function (domain) {
			writeCookie('googtrans', cookieValue, domain);
		});

		writeCookie('googtrans', cookieValue, '');

		try {
			window.localStorage.setItem('googtrans', cookieValue);
			window.sessionStorage.setItem('googtrans', cookieValue);
		} catch (error) {}
	}

	function clearGoogleTranslateState() {
		getCookieDomains(window.location.hostname).forEach(function (domain) {
			expireCookie('googtrans', domain);
		});

		expireCookie('googtrans', '');

		try {
			window.localStorage.removeItem('googtrans');
			window.sessionStorage.removeItem('googtrans');
		} catch (error) {}

		document.documentElement.classList.remove('translated-ltr', 'translated-rtl');

		if (document.body) {
			document.body.classList.remove('translated-ltr', 'translated-rtl');
			document.body.style.top = '';
		}
	}

	function getTranslateSelect() {
		return document.querySelector('.goog-te-combo');
	}

	function getCurrentGoogleCode(sourceGoogleCode) {
		var select = getTranslateSelect();
		var match;
		var parts;

		if (select && select.value) {
			return select.value;
		}

		match = document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;\s*)googtrans=([^;]+)/);

		if (!match) {
			return sourceGoogleCode || 'en';
		}

		parts = decodeURIComponent(match[1]).split('/');

		return parts[2] || sourceGoogleCode || 'en';
	}

	function waitForTranslateSelect(callback, attempts) {
		var maxAttempts = 60;
		var currentAttempts = attempts || 0;
		var select = getTranslateSelect();

		if (select) {
			callback(select);
			return;
		}

		if (currentAttempts >= maxAttempts) {
			return;
		}

		window.setTimeout(function () {
			waitForTranslateSelect(callback, currentAttempts + 1);
		}, 250);
	}

	function reloadCurrentUrl() {
		window.location.assign(window.location.origin + window.location.pathname + window.location.search);
	}

	function applyWebsiteTranslation(language, root) {
		var googleCode = language.googleCode;
		var sourceValue = root.getAttribute('data-source-language') || root.getAttribute('data-default-language') || 'en';
		var sourceGoogleCode = root.getAttribute('data-source-google-code') || sourceValue;

		if (language.value === sourceValue || googleCode === sourceGoogleCode) {
			restoreDocumentLanguageState();
			clearGoogleTranslateState();

			waitForTranslateSelect(function (select) {
				select.value = '';
				select.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true, cancelable: true}));
			});

			reloadCurrentUrl();
			return;
		}

		waitForTranslateSelect(function (select) {
			var optionExists = Array.prototype.some.call(select.options, function (option) {
				return option.value === googleCode;
			});

			persistGoogleTranslateState(googleCode, sourceGoogleCode);

			if (optionExists) {
				select.value = googleCode;
				select.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true, cancelable: true}));

				window.setTimeout(function () {
					if (getCurrentGoogleCode(sourceGoogleCode) === googleCode) {
						applyDocumentLanguageState(language);
					} else {
						reloadCurrentUrl();
					}
				}, 2200);
			} else {
				reloadCurrentUrl();
			}

			setPanelState(root, false);
		});
	}

	function initTranslator(root) {
		var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');
		var panel = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-panel]');
		var backdrop = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-backdrop]');
		var closeButton = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-close]');
		var tabButtons = root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab]');
		var search = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-search]');
		var select = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-select]');
		var list = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-list]');
		var empty = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-empty]');
		var reset = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-reset]');
		var status = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-status]');
		var accessibilityControls = root.querySelectorAll('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility]');
		var defaultValue = root.getAttribute('data-default-language') || 'en';
		var sourceGoogleCode = root.getAttribute('data-source-google-code') || defaultValue;
		var currentGoogleCode;
		var currentLanguage;
		var selectedValue;
		var languages;

		if (root.getAttribute(readyAttribute) === 'true' || !trigger || !panel || !backdrop || !closeButton || !search || !select || !list || !reset) {
			return;
		}

		root.setAttribute(readyAttribute, 'true');
		panel.hidden = true;
		backdrop.hidden = true;
		syncTranslatorTabs(root);
		languages = getLanguages(select);
		currentGoogleCode = getCurrentGoogleCode(sourceGoogleCode);
		currentLanguage = findLanguageByGoogleCode(languages, currentGoogleCode);
		selectedValue = currentLanguage ? currentLanguage.value : defaultValue;

		if (currentLanguage && currentLanguage.value !== defaultValue) {
			applyDocumentLanguageState(currentLanguage);
		} else {
			restoreDocumentLanguageState();
		}

		renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
		updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue);
		syncAccessibilityButtons(root);

		trigger.addEventListener('click', function () {
			var isOpen = root.getAttribute('data-open') === 'true';

			if (!isOpen) {
				setActiveTab(root, 'language');
			}

			setPanelState(root, !isOpen);

			if (!isOpen) {
				window.setTimeout(function () {
					focusActiveTabControl(root);
				}, 0);
			}
		});

		backdrop.addEventListener('click', function () {
			setPanelState(root, false);
			trigger.focus();
		});

		closeButton.addEventListener('click', function () {
			setPanelState(root, false);
			trigger.focus();
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(tabButtons, function (button) {
			button.addEventListener('click', function () {
				setActiveTab(root, button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-tab') || 'language');
				focusActiveTabControl(root);
			});
		});

		search.addEventListener('input', function () {
			renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
		});

		list.addEventListener('click', function (event) {
			var button = event.target && event.target.closest ? event.target.closest('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-language]') : null;
			var language;

			if (!button) {
				return;
			}

			event.preventDefault();
			language = findLanguage(languages, button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-language'));

			if (!language) {
				return;
			}

			selectedValue = language.value;
			select.value = selectedValue;
			renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
			updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue);
			dispatchLanguageChange(root, selectedValue);
			trackSelectedLanguage(languages, selectedValue);
			if (selectedValue === defaultValue) {
				restoreDocumentLanguageState();
			}
			applyWebsiteTranslation(language, root);
		});

		reset.addEventListener('click', function () {
			selectedValue = defaultValue;
			restoreDocumentLanguageState();
			search.value = '';
			select.value = selectedValue;
			renderOptions(list, empty, languages, search.value, selectedValue);
			updateStatus(root, status, languages, selectedValue);
			dispatchLanguageChange(root, selectedValue);
			trackAnalyticsEvent(
				'reset',
				defaultValue,
				(findLanguage(languages, defaultValue) || {label: defaultValue}).label,
				{
					language_code: defaultValue
				},
				false
			);
			applyWebsiteTranslation(findLanguage(languages, defaultValue) || {value: defaultValue, googleCode: sourceGoogleCode, direction: 'ltr', label: defaultValue}, root);
		});

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(accessibilityControls, function (button) {
			button.addEventListener('click', function () {
				updateAccessibilityState(button.getAttribute('data-ultimate-ada-translator-accessibility') || '');
			});
		});
	}

	function initAllTranslators() {
		var translators = document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector);

		loadAccessibilityState();
		syncAccessibilityButtons(document);

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(translators, initTranslator);

		if (translators.length) {
			trackTranslatorViewOnce();
		}
	}

	window.addEventListener('pagehide', function () {
		trackDurationEvent('pagehide', true);
	});

	document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', function () {
		if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {
			trackDurationEvent('pagehide', true);
		}
	});

	document.addEventListener('click', function (event) {
		Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'), function (root) {
			if (!root.contains(event.target)) {
				setPanelState(root, false);
			}
		});
	});

	document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) {
		if (event.key !== 'Escape') {
			return;
		}

		Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(rootSelector + '[data-open="true"]'), function (root) {
			var trigger = root.querySelector('[data-ultimate-ada-translator-trigger]');

			setPanelState(root, false);

			if (trigger) {
				trigger.focus();
			}
		});
	});

	if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
		document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initAllTranslators);
	} else {
		initAllTranslators();
	}
}());
//# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-js-after
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="ultimate-ada-translator-google-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
(function () { var html = document.documentElement; if (html) { html.setAttribute("lang", "en"); } }());
window.ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleInit = function () { if (window.ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleLoaded || !window.google || !window.google.translate) { return; } window.ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleLoaded = true; new window.google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: "en", includedLanguages: "zh-CN,hi,es,fr,ar,bn,ru,pt,ur,id,de,ja,sw,mr,te,tr,ta,vi,ko,it,th,gu,pl,uk,ml,kn,or,my,fa,ro,nl,el,hu,cs,sv,az,pa,ps,sd,ku,ha,yo,ig,am,om,so,ne,si,km,lo,ms,tl,jv,su,ceb,mg,ny,rw,zu,xh,af,st,tn,sn,ff,wo,bm,ln,ak,ee,ti,he,hy,ka,kk,uz,ug,tk,ky,tg,mn,bg,sr,hr,bs,sk,sl,lt,lv,et,fi,da,no,ca,eu,gl,sq,mk,ht", autoDisplay: false }, "ultimate_ada_translate_element"); };
//# sourceURL=ultimate-ada-translator-google-js-before
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=ultimateAdaTranslatorGoogleInit" id="ultimate-ada-translator-google-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/fwdu3dcar/js/FWDU3DCar.js?ver=2.0" id="fwdu3dcar-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="wdt-custom-avada-js-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wdt_ajax_object = {"ajaxurl":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"};
//# sourceURL=wdt-custom-avada-js-js-extra
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/plugins/wpdatatables/integrations/starter/page-builders/avada/assets/js/wdt-custom-avada-js.js?ver=7.5.1" id="wdt-custom-avada-js-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/react.min.js?ver=18.3.1.1" id="react-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/react-dom.min.js?ver=18.3.1.1" id="react-dom-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/dist/escape-html.min.js?ver=6561a406d2d232a6fbd2" id="wp-escape-html-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/dist/element.min.js?ver=6a582b0c827fa25df3dd" id="wp-element-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/ac-algolia-search/build/ac-algolia-search.js?ver=02e60a05c99daf57937d" id="ac-algolia-search-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/themes/atlantic-council/ac-algolia-search/build/extra.js?ver=48d2edf4adde93ff18a6" id="ac-algolia-search-extra-js"></script>
<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.9.1"}}
</script>
<script type="module">
/* <![CDATA[ */
/*! This file is auto-generated */
const a=JSON.parse(document.getElementById("wp-emoji-settings").textContent),o=(window._wpemojiSettings=a,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),s=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const a=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===a[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,a){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!a(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,a){let r;const o=(r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),s=(o.textBaseline="top",o.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{s[e]=t(o,e,n,a)}),s}function r(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}a.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",a=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const r=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(a),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(r.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),r.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(s,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)a.supports[n]=e[n],a.supports.everything=a.supports.everything&&a.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(a.supports.everythingExceptFlag=a.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&a.supports[n]);var t;a.supports.everythingExceptFlag=a.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!a.supports.flag,a.supports.everything||((t=a.source||{}).concatemoji?r(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(r(t.twemoji),r(t.wpemoji)))});
//# sourceURL=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
/* ]]> */
</script>

		<!-- Cookie Notice plugin v2.5.7 by Hu-manity.co https://hu-manity.co/ -->
		<div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(50,50,58,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container"><button id="cn-accept-cookie" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-set-cookie cn-button" aria-label="Ok" style="background-color: #00a99d">Ok</button></span><span id="cn-close-notice" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-close-icon"></span></div>
			
		</div>
		<!-- / Cookie Notice plugin -->
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-7d9c53af9425c732ede","applicationID":"1289159516","transactionName":"YgRVNUFWDUtQVkQPCltOdgJHXgxWHl1fCwAYUwdTAg==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1668,"atts":"TkNWQwlMHkU=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>

</html>
