physics knowledge

Investigation of Random Walk in Solutions by Brownian Motion

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Mon, 26 Aug 2024 16:31:00 +0000

Investigation of Random Walk in Solutions by Brownian Motion

Introduction:

Brownian motion, named after the botanist Robert Brown, refers to the erratic and random movement of particles suspended in a fluid. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the random collisions between the suspended particles and the molecules of the fluid. The concept of the random walk is a mathematical model that describes such random movements. Understanding Brownian motion is fundamental in fields like physics, chemistry, and biology, as it provides insights into particle dynamics at the microscopic level. The objective of this experiment is to observe Brownian motion and analyze the random walk behavior of particles in a solution. By studying the trajectories of these particles, we aim to quantify their displacement and understand the statistical properties of their motion.

Apparatus:

1. Microscope with high magnification and camera attachment 2. Slide and cover slip 3. Fine colloidal particle solution (e.g., latex or polystyrene beads suspended in water) 4. Light source (e.g., microscope illuminator) 5. Computer with image analysis software

Procedure:

1. Prepare a microscope slide by placing a small drop of the colloidal particle solution on it and covering it with a cover slip. 2. Place the slide on the microscope stage and focus on the particles using high magnification. 3. Illuminate the slide and observe the motion of the particles using the microscope. 4. Record a series of images or a video of the particle movement over a set period. 5. Use image analysis software to track the positions of several particles at different time intervals. 6. Measure and record the displacement of each particle at each time interval. 7. Analyze the data to calculate the mean squared displacement (MSD) and compare it with the theoretical predictions of the random walk model.

Conclusion:

The observation of Brownian motion confirmed the random walk behavior of colloidal particles suspended in a fluid. The particles exhibited erratic movement, consistent with the theory of random collisions with fluid molecules. The calculated mean squared displacement (MSD) increased linearly with time, as predicted by the random walk model. This linear relationship between MSD and time validates the theoretical framework of Brownian motion. The experiment effectively demonstrated the statistical nature of particle dynamics in a solution, providing a clear visualization of the random walk concept.

To study the Spectral Lines of Hydrogen atom by Zeeman effect

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 12:26:00 +0000

To study the Spectral Lines of Hydrogen atom by Zeeman effect

Introduction:

The Zeeman Effect, discovered by the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman in 1896, refers to the splitting of spectral lines observed when the source of light is placed in a magnetic field. This phenomenon is particularly significant in the study of atomic spectra, providing insights into the structure and behavior of atoms. Hydrogen, being the simplest atom with only one electron, serves as an excellent candidate for studying the Zeeman Effect. When hydrogen emits or absorbs light, it produces a series of discrete spectral lines, each corresponding to a transition of the electron between quantized energy levels. In this experiment, we aim to investigate the Zeeman Effect on the spectral lines of hydrogen atom by subjecting it to a magnetic field. By analyzing the resulting spectral line splitting, we can deduce information about the magnetic properties and energy levels of the hydrogen atom.

Apparatus: 1. Hydrogen discharge tube 2. Power supply 3. Magnetic field source (e.g., Helmholtz coils) 4. Spectrometer 5. Ruler or calipers for measurements

Procedure: 1. Set up the experimental apparatus in a darkened room to minimize external light interference. 2. Ensure that the hydrogen discharge tube is aligned properly with the spectrometer. 3. Gradually increase the current through the Helmholtz coils to generate the desired magnetic field strength. 4. Observe the spectral lines produced by the hydrogen discharge tube without the magnetic field and record their positions. 5. Introduce the magnetic field by adjusting the current through the Helmholtz coils and observe the changes in the spectral lines. 6. Record the positions of the split spectral lines for different magnetic field strengths. 7. Repeat the measurements for varying magnetic field strengths and orientations. 8. Calculate the wavelength shifts and energy differences corresponding to the observed spectral line splitting.

Calculation

Conclusion: The Zeeman Effect was observed as a splitting of the hydrogen atom's spectral lines when subjected to a magnetic field. The degree of splitting increased with the strength of the magnetic field. The observed splitting matched theoretical predictions, confirming the quantum mechanical model. The experiment successfully calculated the Landé g-factor for the hydrogen atom. This study highlights the relationship between magnetic fields and atomic spectral lines.

why electron is rotate? why it cant stay in free?

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sat, 02 Mar 2024 01:59:00 +0000

when free electron come it desipate energy then proton in neutrons act electrical field on electron. Binding energy capture electron we cant break binding enrgy. when electron energy attract with nucleus so electron is bound. Now it give dumble shape and etc. nucleus spread energy electron all around.

Statistical Mechanis

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Thu, 29 Feb 2024 03:42:00 +0000

Thermodynamics Quantities are classified in two groups.

Extensive

These quantities increase by a factor when size of system under consideration is increased by some factor. e.g., Entropy

Intensive

These quantities remain same when system under consideration is increased. e.g; pressure, Temperature.

These functions described the statistical properties for a system in thermodynamics equillibrium. It defines system by variables such as total energy, free energy entropy and pressure. All variables can be expressed in term of partition funtions. Mainly used partition functions include.

Canonical partition function
Grand canonical partition function

The canonical partition function applies to canonical ensemble in which system is allowed to exchange heat with enviornment at fixed tempoerature volume and Chemical potential.

In Grand canonical partition function system can exchange both heat and particles with enviornment at fixed temperature volume and chemical potential.

Significance of partition functions

With help of this function one can fixed microstate energies from other thermodynamics variables and then can fixed partition function. This function will allow to calculate other thermodyanamics variables.

Equipartition Theorem

It states that mean value of every independent quadratic term in energy is equal 1\2 KT. If all the terms in energy is equal to 1\2 KT. If all the terms in energy are quadratic then mean energy is sprerad over all degree of freedoms.

Dummy Index and Free Index

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Thu, 29 Feb 2024 02:19:00 +0000

Dummy Index and Free Index

When summation is made on a large number of particles then the variable used to indicate the large no of particles is called Dummy Index if it can be changed or replaced with another variable without any change in the system.

e.g; `x_{1},x_{2},x_{3},.........x_{1}`

=`\sum_i^nx_{i}`

when summation is made on a large numbers of particles then the variable used indicate the large no. of particles is called Free index. If it appears only once in each additive term.

e.g. consider a matrix m`\times`n its first row is represented as

`a_{ij}=a_{11}+a_{12}+a_{13}+......+a_{n}` here i=1 is free index and j=1,2,3 is dummy index.

Mechanics of system of particles

In mechanics of a single particle, we study only the external force while in case of system of particles we study both external and internal forces.

If we discuss the action of free or anyother phenomenon for a number of particles which are in combination then this combination of particles form a system of particles.

Central Force in classical Mechanics

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Tue, 27 Feb 2024 03:26:00 +0000

Central Force in classical Mechanics

In classical mechanics central force on an object is a force whose magnitude only depend on the distance object from the origin and is directed along the line joining them.

Mathematical form

`[\overrightarrow{F}=\overrightarrow{F}(\overrightarrow{r})=|\overrightarrow{r}|\hat{r}F]`

Example

Nuclear force with in nucleons depend upon the distance the distance is a central force.

Force Field is a central if and only if the field is spherically symmetric.

My life Story

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sun, 06 Aug 2023 14:30:00 +0000

My Life Story

I am a girl. My name is .................. I live in pakistan. I always wanted to be an Astronaut. I am the eldest daughter in the family, So my parents wanted me to become a doctor. They thought the medical field was best for me because I am a girl. When i was in 8th standard, I look at the sky and i see an attraction in the moon and stars. now i read many books. After metric I done my FSC. and then after fsc i went to university and now i am done Bs physics from here. I read many books about astrononmy. During Bs Physics i notices that my university is not perfect for science faculty here is not proper lab for Bs Physics. its very difficult time for me. but i want to go to the university for master it very good for me. ..................to be continued if you read this article then tell me you name....

NASA's NEW INVENTIONS

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Fri, 04 Aug 2023 07:56:00 +0000

NASA NEW INVENTIONS

NASA's new invention is a laser intrument that can detect water on the Moon.

Laser Instrument

Laser Instrument name is Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimetere (LOLA) .This laser is a UV laser that react with water and detect its vapors. NASA's new laser instrument uses photoelectric effect to detect water vapors on the moon.

Electric Airplane

NASA's made an electric Airplane. its a fuel efficient air plane . This plane is known as X-57 Maxwell.

Best Place to Celebrate Birthday in Lahore

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sat, 18 Mar 2023 06:57:00 +0000

Birthday Celebration at Stone ove

Stone Ove is the best place for celebration the birthday in lahore.

Decoration

Food

when it comes to food Stoneove never disappoints head over to us and enjoy the best food you can have.

Cake

Quantum Mechanics Notes

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Mon, 17 Oct 2022 16:45:00 +0000

Introduction

Quantum mechanics is also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, and wave mechanics model. It describes nature of the smallest scale of atoms and subatomic atoms.

Difference Between Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Classical Mechanics

In Classical physics light is a wave. A point particle do not spin or angular motion .It could not explain the atomic domain. e.g; How ion release energy, inner shell transition, electron collision. It could not explain the hydrogen spectra. This theory was not able to explain the stability of atoms. e.g; fall in the nucleus by releasing energy continously. The range of conductivity of metals compare to the insulator also not be explained. Classical theory could not explain the initial of alpha particles from the nucleus. The specific heat radiation with the temperatrure was not also explained by classical mechanics. Black body radiation, pair production was not also explained by classical mechanics.

Quantum Mechanics

Both light and matter can have wave and particle like nature. Point particle can have spin and angular motion.

History of Quantum Mechanics

In 14 December 1900 Maxwell explain the black body radiations spectrum which is not explained the classical mechanics. Black body radiation act like a particle. According to the Max plank radiations behave like particles and consist of energy each packet of energy called photons. E=hf . In 1905 Albert Einstein explained photoelectric effect on the basis of Max plank theory of radiation. In 1913 Neil Bohr explained the atomic model , Compton effect . In Compton effect X-ray act like interference and diffraction.

Short Question

Wave for macroscopic object

Macroscopic materials dispalys wave property. The corresponding wavelengths are too small detect it. macroscopic object have extremely small wavelengths. At the microscopic level, However the wave associate with the material particle are of same size. Microscopic particle therefore clearly have wave like property.

De-Broglie

In 1923 De-Broglie took things even further by suggesting that `\lambda=\frac{h}{p}`

Classical concept of exact position exact momentum unique part of particle, therefore make no sense of the microscopic scale. It states that if the x-component of the momentum of particle is measured with the uncertainity `\triangle p_{x}`. Then its position can't me measured at the same time.

`\triangle x.\triangle p_{x}=\frac{ℏ}{2}`

`\triangle x=\frac{ℏ}{2\triangle p_{x}}` along x-axis

`\triangle y=\frac{ℏ}{2\triangle p_{y}}` along y-axis

`\triangle z=\frac{ℏ}{2\triangle p_{z}}` along z-axis

To measure the position of electron in an atom you must used radiation of very small wavelength. The energy of these radiation is enough to change the momentum of electron. The observation of the electron effect its position. so much that it knock it entirely out of its orbit.

Numerical problem

Estimate the uncertainity in position. (a) neutron moving `5\times10^{6}ms^{-1}` (b) 50kg person moving at 2`ms^{-1}`

(a) v=`5\times10^{6}ms^{-1}` mass of neutron is =`m=1.65\times 10^{-27}`

formula

`ℏ=\frac{h}{2}` we know that h= `6.62\times 10^{-34}`

`\triangle p_{x}=mv`

`\triangle x=\frac{ℏ}{2\triangle p_{x}}`

Why do we need Gravity

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 14:32:00 +0000

Why do we need Gravity

Gravity is most important for human being. Without gravity we cannot survive. Everything in the universe are moved is stable orbit. If the gravity decreased by one percent, the world can be destroyed. but if the gravity increased by five percent So everything on earth will become heavier and temperature also increased. Because due to the increased of gravity earth will be near the sun. Earths structure will break due to rising temperature.

Why do we depend on Gravity?

Issac Newton discovered gravity in 1687. Our food is also depend on gravity. If gravity increases, our food will harden and become inedible. The fish will come out of the water and will not able to survive.

Top 10 physicists

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Wed, 28 Sep 2022 09:23:00 +0000

Top 10 physicists

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, Wools trope, Manor house Uk. He was an English, mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and author. He discovered gravitational laws.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was born on march 14, 1876, Ulm, Germany. Einstein developed the Theory of Relativity, but he also contributed to the development of the Theory of Quantum Mechanics. He received the Nobel prize in physics in 1921.

James C. Maxwell

James Maxwell was born on June 13, 1831, in Edinburgh, UK. His achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation.

Werner Heisenberg

Werner Heisenberg was born on December 5, 1901, Germany. He is the creator of Quantum Mechanics. He received the noble prize in Physic in 1932.

Paul Dirac

Paul Dirac was born on August 8, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom. His made fundamental contributions to the early development of both Quantum Mechanics and quantum Electrodynamic. He received the noble prize in 1993.

Erwin Schrodinger

Erwin Schrodinger was born on August 12, 1887. He developed a number of fundamental results in quantum theory. He received the Noble Prize in 1993.

Richard Feynman

Richard Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, in New York, USA. He is known for his work in the path integral formulation of Quantum Mechanics. He received the Noble prize in Physics in 1965.

Max Plank

Max Plank was born on April 23, 1858, Kiel, Germany. He discovered energy quanta. He received the noble prize in physics in1918.

Neils Bohr

Neils Bohr was born on October 7, 1885. He made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and Quantum theory. He received the Noble prize in Physics in 1922.

Wolfgang Paul

Wolfgang Paul was born on April 25, 1900. He introduced the Exclusion Principle. He received the Noble prize in 1945.

Statistical Mechanics

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sat, 24 Sep 2022 06:06:00 +0000

Statistical Mechanics

Mechanics

Mechanics is the branch of physics in which we study the motion of particles. There are many branches of physics e.g., Classical Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics, and Statistical Mechanics.

Statistical Mechanics

Statistical Mechanics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the average effect of large no of particles. Statistical mechanics relates macroscopic properties with microscopic properties. Macroscopic properties are those properties which we can directly measure. e.g., pressure of gas and volume of gas. Microscopic properties are those properties which we cannot measure directly. e.g.; Velocity of particle etc. There are two types of Statistical Mechanics.

Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Classical Statistical Mechanics

Classical Statistical MecahAnics deals with distinguishing of particles. Its obey the classical laws e.g. Newtons laws etc.Quantum Mechanics divide into two further parts. Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac.

Life changing quote

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Thu, 22 Sep 2022 09:28:00 +0000

Quote

1. Some chapter are sad, Some are happy, and Some are exciting.

2. Those who persevere win.

3. Every test in our life makes us bitter or better, Every problem comes to break us or make us. The choice is our whether we become Victim or Victor.

4. A new day mean new opportunities. Get up and show up.

5. A Strong Women will automatically stop trying if she feels unwanted she won't fix it or beg, she;ll just walk away.

6. Don't tell your insecurities and bad moments to others. it;s useless!

7. When you belive in yourself, your dreams start take a beautiful shape.

8. Some times your heart needs more times to accept what your mind already know.

9. Everyday is new begining, take a deep breath,smile..,and start again.

10. Everyone is trying to change the world, change yourself first.

"Be your Own biggest fan, Love yourself and give yourself the thing that you need."

Universe Galaxies

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Tue, 20 Sep 2022 11:18:00 +0000

GALAXY INFORMATION

The Milky Way galaxy is our cosmic home but it is far from being the only galaxy in the universe to get a better understanding of the composition and evolution of our universe astronomers try to answer a deceptively simple question how many galaxies are there in the universe on a dark night the Milky Way can be seen as a glowing band across the night sky and for a long time it was thought that the entire universe consisted of our galaxy alone this only changed in 1924 in the year that Edwin Hubble identified variable stars in several spiral nebulae he used these stars to calculate the distances to these nebulae his observations proved that these stars were far too distant to belong to our Milky Way they instead were members of other galaxies far outside the Milky Way since then astronomers have tried to find out just how many galaxies there are in the observable universe? a reliable first estimate could only be made after the Hubble Deep Field was observed in 1995 this was the first real deep look into the universe and it revealed hundreds of galaxies that had never been seen before additional deep observations with Hubble and other instruments followed detecting even fainter and more distant galaxies from these observations. Astronomers determined that the universe contained a total of a hundred and twenty billion galaxies. These are the only galaxies within the so-called observable universe. This consists of all objects that can in principle be observed with telescopes like Hubble those from which light has had time to reach us since the beginning of the universe beyond this limit known as the cosmological horizon the universe continues just how far it goes is yet an unanswered question now astronomers have carried out a new analysis of published data from Hubble and other telescopes they have concluded that the previous estimate of the number of galaxies within the observable universe is at least 10 times too low they think that some 90% of the galaxies in the universe are actually too faint and too far away to be observed by the current generation of telescopes astronomers can only infer their existence based on models and calculations the newly collected data has allowed astronomers to look back more than 13 billion years into the past to the early days of the universe this look back unveiled an early universe in which the density of galaxies was also 10 times higher than today most of these galaxies were relatively small and faint with masses similar to those of the satellite galaxies surrounding the Milky Way these results are powerful evidence that galaxies evolved and groovy emerges throughout the universe's history dramatically reducing their total number over time with 90% of the galaxies in our universe yet to be observed there is still much left to explore and to discover Hubble and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope once again Nature has surprised us beyond our wildest imagination.

Science and Society

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Mon, 19 Sep 2022 11:46:00 +0000

Science and Society

Science is the study of nature and its behaviour. It is knowledge of facts and truths gained through observation ans experimentation. Issac Asimov an american writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University says: "There is a single light of science , and to brighten it anywhere is to brighten it anywhere." Then to define society, it is a group of people living together and sharing the same culture and tradiations. who are scientist? They are expert in science. Stephen Hawking says: "scientist have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest. for knowlege." Scientist are the member of society as well. Thus they interlink science and society. The association of science and society brings forth social sciencies. Science is the knowledge of the World that man learns; while society is the life style the man adopt according to what he leans. Human beingd act like a brige between the two. An English chemist, Rossalind Franklin says, "Science and everyday life cannot and should not be seperated." Thus man lives in society accordoing to the prescribes pattern of nature and scientific standards.

We live in an era of science and technology. Science has changed our life style making it rather comfortable and cozy. Science has influnced society in every ascpect .Its ineventions have modernized society. it is due to science that we live in a scientific culture and enjoy scientific accomplishment. It has doubled and multiplied human efficiency and comfort by its vast range of applications and innumerable invention.It is human nature to explore new horizons of nature. man explores the undiscovered and unseen recesses of nature.He will always continue to discover the secret aspects of cosmos. and it is science that helps him to accomplished his pursuits. Issac Asimov says in the context." The saddest aspects of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gather wisdom."

Scientist play a substential role in society. They make discoveries and resolve mysteries. They are the high-ranking mambers of society. Society facilitates them to observe nature, make researches and carry out experiments. Science has cahnges human mind.

Electric Charges and Field

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Mon, 19 Sep 2022 09:45:00 +0000

Electric Charges and Field

Electric Charge

The physical properties of matter that causes it to experience force when placed in an electromagnetic field is called charge. Electric charge is Scalar quantity.

There are two kinds of charges.

Positive Charge
Negative Charge

An object can attend a positive charge by lossing electron. While another attend negatively charge by gaining electron. Like charges, repel eachother while unlike charges attract eachother. An object can be charged by different methods like; friction, conduction and insulation etc.

Conductors

Those substances which can be used to carry electric charge from one point to another and allow electricity to pass through them is called conductors. e.g; Fe, Cu, etc.

Insulator

Those substances which cannot conduct electricity are called Insulator or dielectric. e.g; glass, wood etc.

Basic properties of Electric Charge

Additive Nature of Charges Electric charge is additive in nature it means if a system consist of n charge `q_{1},q_{2},......q_{n}` then the total charge of the system will be `q_{1}+q+{2},......q_{n}` In order to calculate the net charge on a system we have to just add algebrically all the charges present in the system this is known as the principle of superposition of charges.

Conversation of Electrical charge During any process the net electric charge of an insulated system remain constant it means charge can neither be created nor be destroyed but it may br transfered from one part of system to another this is called conservation of electric charge.

Quantisation of Electric charge The charge on any body can be express as an integral multiple of basic unit charge e this is called quantisation of electric charge, it can be writen as `[q=\pm ne]` where n=1,2,3,..... The SI unit of charge is coloum and it is denoted by C. The value of unit charge` [e=1.6\times 10^{-19}c]`

Information and Communication Technology

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sat, 17 Sep 2022 07:42:00 +0000

Information and Communication Technology

Data

Fact and figures is called data.

Information

The process data is called information. This information is transmitted to distant places in the form of sound, picture and computerized data.

ICT

ICT is an electroniC based system of information transmission, reception, processing and retrieval.

ICT is a blend of two fields.

Information Technology

The scientific method used to store information, arrange it for proper use and to communication others is called Information technology.

Telecommunication

The method that is used to communicate information to for off places is called telecomunication.

Information and Communication Technology

It is defined as the scientific methods and means to store, process and transmit vast amount of information in second with the help of electronic equipment.ICT generally refers to all devices, networking components, applications and systems that facilitate interaction with the digital world. Sometimes ICT is used interchangeably with IT or information technology. But ICT is more comprehensive, including more components related to computers and digital technologies. Components include data, Internet access, cloud computing, software, hardware, transactions, and communications technology. But more importantly, ICT encompasses combinations and applications of those components. ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live, and continues to revolutionize all parts of the human experience, from computers to robots, and ICT contributes greatly to our economic development. Some have labeled it the fourth industrial revolution. Within the ICT market. The advancement of ICT capabilities has made the development and delivery of various technologies cheaper for vendors and their customers, while also providing new market opportunities for businesses. Advances within ICT have brought a slew of cost savings opportunities and conveniences, ranging from highly automated cost cutting business processes, to the big data revolution that leads new insights products and services, to ICT driven transactions like online shopping, telemedicine and social media. However, ICT is not without its downsides. The digitization of data has led to new levels of crime, automation tools and robots that can displace workers.

Component of Computer Based information System

Hardware

The term Hardware refers to a machinery. Central processing unit (CPU).

Software

The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals that support them. e.g. Readable instruction.

Procedure

Set of instruction
Rules of desighn
Use information System

e.g Manuals

People

people influence the success and failure of information system.

Branches of Physics

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Thu, 15 Sep 2022 15:39:00 +0000

Branches of Physics

There are two types of Physic.

Classical Physics
Modren Physics

Classical Physics

Classical physics deal with macroscopic object. In classical physic body move with low Velocity. Newton theory of relativity used in Classical physics.

Modren Physic

Modren physics deal with microscopic object. In modren physic body move with high Velocity. Plank give the idea of energy packet.

Classical physic and Modren physic further divide into many branches.

Mechanics Study of motion of object, cause and effect. e.g. falling object.
Quantum physics Discrete, indivisible units of energy called quanta. e.g. The atom and its part.
Bio Physics Physical interaction of biological process and application of physical health process such as prevention, diagnosis and treatment. e.g. MRI, CT Scan.
Oscillation and Wave To and fro motion e.g. spring, water waves and sound.

Nebula - type of Nebula

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 11:39:00 +0000

Nebulas

The milki way a spiral galaxy full of regions of gas and dust called Nebulas.

This is horsehead nebula. It just look awesome.

Soul Nebula is the large hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen gas cloud in the constellation of cassiopeia. The Nebula is 7,500 light years away from the earth.

Orion Nebulas perhaps the best place to understand the evolution of stars. Orion Nebula is mayne one of the most famous Nebulas because you can go outside at night and see it with your own eye. we cant understand the life cycle of stars without understanding the life cycle of nebulas.

Magnetism Notes

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Mon, 12 Sep 2022 13:16:00 +0000

Magnetism

Magnet

A magnet is a material that has both attractive and diractive properties. e.g. Iron, Cobalt,Nickel.

Magnetism The property of attraction is called Magnetism.

Proprties

Like pole repel and unlike pole attract.
Attractive
Direction( North to South pole)

Magnetic Induction: The phenomenon of production of magnetism in a magnet substance when linked with a magnet is called a Magnetic Induction.

Magnetic Dipole An arrangement of two equal and opposite magnetic dipoles seperated by a small distance is called a magnetic dipole.

Magnetic Dipole Moment

It is defined as the product of its pole strength and magnetic length. It is a vector quantity. direction from S-pole to N-pole.

Energy and its TYPES

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sun, 11 Sep 2022 10:59:00 +0000

Energy

This universe is made from matter and Energy.

Definition of Energy

Energy is the capacity for doing work. In the International system of units (SI) energy measure in joules.

Types of Energy

Potential
Kinetic
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Nuclear.
Sound

Kinetic Energy that an object has due to its motion. Kinetic energy form electromagnetic radiation.

Potential Energy of an object because of its position.

Chemical Energy potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules. The energy used to keep the atom connected together.

Thermal Energy Energy due to moving particle in hot objects. kinetic energy form the movement of particles of a substance. The more Thermal energy, the higher the temperature. e.g Tea

Sound Energy A type of energy associated with particles. Sounds are made whenever a force makes an object vibrate. Energy is carried in longitudinal wave. All vibrating object are source of sound waves.

Electrical Energy In electrical circuits a current is the flow of negatively charge particles. Moving electron can pass energy. e.g from battery to bulb.

ZEEMAN EFFECT

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Sat, 10 Sep 2022 16:09:00 +0000

Zeeman Effect

Definition

The splitting of a spectral line into number of component of lines with the application of magnetic field is called Zeeman Effect.

Experiment Arrangement of Zeeman Effect

Consider a source of light ray sodium lamp placed between two poles piece A&B of a strong electromagnet. The modified light may be observed by high resolving instrument & and they analyzed by Nicol prism. The light can be observed both perpendicular and parallel to the direction of applied field B. To observed light parallel to the field a hole is drilled into the pole piece A &B of electromagnet.

Types of Zeeman Effect

Normal Zeeman Effect
Anomalous Zeeman effect

Our solar System

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Fri, 09 Sep 2022 12:57:00 +0000

Our Solar System

Our solar system is very big. It consist of many satrs, moon ,Sun and planets. Our Solar System have 8 planets.

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
saturn
Uranus
napturn

All planets orbits the sun is the anticlockwise direction.

Mercury

Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system.Its diameter currently measure just over 3,000 miles. Mercury planet with three main layers.

A core
a mantle
a crust

Venus

Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System. Its temperature is 450° .Venus rotate clockwise, but very slowly.

Earth

Earth is the third plannet in term of distance from the sun and the fifth largest planet in the Solar System. The average distance between the sun and the earth is about 150 million kilometers. The moon revolves around the earth its complete one revolution in 27 days. The rotation of the earth on its axis is called rotation, and also rotation of the sun is called revolution.

Inspiring Albert Einstein Quotes

noreply@blogger.com (physic knowledge) — Thu, 08 Sep 2022 08:49:00 +0000

Inspiring Albert Einstein Quote

🙶 Stay away from negative people they have a problem to every solution.🙷

Albert Einstein

🙶A person who never made a mistake Never tried anything new.🙷

Albert Einstein

🙶weak people Revenge, Strong people forgive, Intelligent people ignore.🙷

Albert EINSTEIN