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La Historia de la decadencia y ruina del Imperio Romano por Edward Gibbon - PDF libro

2026-05-13T16:27:46.709+07:00

"La Historia de la decadencia y ruina del Imperio Romano" es una obra monumental escrita por el historiador británico Edward Gibbon. En este

primer tomo, Gibbon nos sumerge en el apogeo del Imperio Romano y nos lleva a través de su lenta pero inevitable caída.

El autor analiza detalladamente las causas de la decadencia del Imperio Romano, desde la corrupción política y la inestabilidad interna hasta las invasiones bárbaras y la pérdida de valores morales. Gibbon nos muestra cómo factores como la expansión descontrolada, la falta de liderazgo efectivo y la división interna debilitaron gradualmente el poderío romano.

A lo largo de la obra, Gibbon nos presenta una visión crítica y perspicaz de la historia romana, basada en una exhaustiva investigación de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Su estilo narrativo es claro y conciso, lo que hace que la lectura sea accesible para cualquier lector interesado en la historia de Roma.

Además, esta edición cuenta con la colaboración de destacados historiadores como Henry Hart Milman, François Guizot y José Mor de Fuentes, quienes han contribuido con notas y comentarios que enriquecen la obra original de Gibbon.

En resumen, "Historia de la decadencia y ruina del Imperio Romano" es una obra imprescindible para comprender no solo el colapso del Imperio Romano, sino también las complejas dinámicas políticas, sociales y culturales que llevaron a su desaparición. Gibbon nos invita a reflexionar sobre las lecciones que podemos aprender de la historia romana y cómo estas pueden aplicarse a nuestro mundo contemporáneo.

66 MB Volumen 1

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Collected works of Mark Twain

2026-05-13T15:09:01.968+07:00

Collected works of Mark Twain

The Collected Works of Mark Twain is a comprehensive collection of the writings of one of America's most beloved authors. Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Clemens, was a prolific writer who is best known

for his novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This collection includes not only these famous works, but also a wide range of Twain's other writings, including essays, short stories, speeches, and letters.

The collection is divided into several volumes, each focusing on a different aspect of Twain's work. The first volume includes his most famous novels, as well as some of his lesser-known works. The second volume contains Twain's essays and speeches, which showcase his wit and humor as well as his keen observations on American society. The third volume features his short stories, which range from humorous tales to more serious explorations of human nature.

One of the highlights of the collection is Twain's autobiography, which he worked on for many years but never completed. This volume includes excerpts from the autobiography, giving readers a glimpse into Twain's life and thoughts. The collection also includes a selection of Twain's letters, which provide insight into his relationships with friends, family, and other writers.

Overall, the Collected Works of Mark Twain is a must-have for any fan of American literature. It offers a comprehensive look at the work of one of the country's most iconic writers, showcasing his talent for storytelling, his sharp wit, and his keen observations on the world around him. Whether you are a longtime fan of Twain's work or are just discovering him for the first time, this collection is sure to entertain and enlighten.

This is most famous works not all his works.

Content of The collection

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's court.
A tramp abroad.
Extract from Captain Stormfield's visit to heaven
Extracts from Adam's diary
Eye openers; good things, immensely funny sayings.
following the equator.
Gilded Age.
How to tell a story and other essays
Joan of Arc
King Leopold's soliloquy; a defense of his Congo rule
Life on the Mississippi
Mark Twain's Notebook
Merry tales
Roughing It, by Mark Twain
The adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The adventures of Tom Sawyer
The American claimant.
The celebrated jumping frog of Calaveras County.
The jumping frog.
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg.
The mysterious stranger.
The ship-dwellers a story of a happy cruise.
What is man?

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The autobiography and correspondence of Edward Gibbon (PDF)

2026-05-13T14:03:38.404+07:00

The autobiography and correspondence of Edward Gibbon, the historian, is a comprehensive collection of writings by one of the most influential historians of the 18th century. Edward Gibbon is best known for his monumental work, "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," which is considered a masterpiece of historical writing.

In this book, readers are given a rare glimpse into the life and mind of Gibbon through his own words. The autobiography provides insight into his early life, education, and the events that shaped his career as a historian. Gibbon's writing is characterized by his wit, intelligence, and keen observations of the world around him.

The correspondence included in this collection offers a fascinating look at Gibbon's relationships with his contemporaries, including other writers, scholars, and politicians. Through his letters, readers can see Gibbon's thoughts on a wide range of topics, from politics and religion to literature and philosophy.

Throughout the book, Gibbon's passion for history and his dedication to his craft shine through. His meticulous research and attention to detail are evident in both his autobiography and his correspondence. Readers will come away with a deeper understanding of Gibbon as a person and as a historian, as well as a greater appreciation for his contributions to the field of history.

O"The autobiography and correspondence of Edward Gibbon, the historian" is a must-read for anyone interested in the life and work of this influential figure. It offers a unique perspective on Gibbon's life and legacy, and provides valuable insights into the mind of one of history's greatest historians.

Form The book

In the fifty-second year of my life, after the completion of an arduous and successful work, I now propose to employ some moments of my leisure in reviewing the simple transactions of a private and literary life. Truth, naked unblushing tru th, the first virtue of more serious history, must be the sole recomendation of this personal narrative. The style shall be simple and familiar ; but style is the image of character; and the habits of correct writing may produce, without labour or design, the appearance of art and study.

My own amusement is my motive, and will be my reward : and if these sheets are communicated to some discreet and indulgent friends, they will be secreted from the public eye till the author shall be removed beyond the reach of criticism or ridicule.*

A lively desire of knowing and of recording our ancestors so generally prevails, that it must depend on the influence of some common principle in the minds of men. We seem to have lived in the persons of our forefathers ; it is the labour and reward of vanity to extend the term of this ideal longevity. Our imagination is always active to enlarge the narrow circle in which Nature has confined us.

Fifty or an hundred years may be allotted to an individual, but we step forward beyond death with such hopes as religion and philosophy will suggest ; and we fill up the silent vacancy that precedes our birth, by associating ourselves to the authors of our existence. Our calmer judgment will rather tend to moderate, than to suppress, the pride of an ancient and worthy race. The satirist may laugh, the philosopher may preach; but Reason herself will respect the prejudices and habits, which have been consecrated by the experience of mankind.

Wherever the distinction of birth is allowed to form a superior order in the state, education and example should always, and will often, produce among them a dignity of sentiment and propriety of conduct, which is guarded from dishonour by their own and the public esteem. If we read of some illustrious line so ancient that it has no beginning,

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Might is Right - PDF by Ragnar Redbeard

2026-05-13T10:12:39.121+07:00

Might is Right
The survival of the fittes
Might is Right

Miqght is Right; er The Survival of the Fittest New book by Ragnar Redbeard, LL.

This is no ordinary book. Undeniably it is the most re¬ markable publication that has appeared in Christendom for fifteen centuries. Its philosophy is that of a scientific Satan, a realistic Anti-Christ. With grim and Pagan logic it assails the first principles of moral codes, religions, politics and law; affirming that modern civilization is a horrible hypnotic seance, a continuation of the terrorism and gloom of the Dark Ages.

Editor's note

This is of One of the bravest books in history, it removes The illusions of morality of the weak,and shows how the world really works , though the author was racist but the book contains facts, things that we didn't study in Schools,😀

It also marshalls an overwhelming array of facts to prove that the man of to-day is a physical and mental dwindling, a coward, a weakling and a slave. Upon biologic Spencer an principles it attacks the Golden Rule, the Sermon on the Mount, the Jewish Decalogue, statute books, written constitutions and representative institutions, affirming that they are all without higher sanction or Authority than organized duplicity or armed Power.

Therefore if man is ever to be free, these artificial and domineering “Thou Shahs” must be entirely swept aside. l)r. Redbeard contends that fitness to survive must be tested by the clash of armies: all other tests being fraudulent.

Victors in war are naturally entitled to dominate; and the “ defeated’’—that is, the runaways who feared to die— are equally entitled to servitude. Throughout all organic life the chief selective agency is combat.

Women admire wariors above all other kinds of men. Communities of cowards (and their descendants) are rightfully plundered, taxed, en¬ slaved. “Right” and “Wrong” are decided not by the Meek but by the Mighty, who, consequently may write laws, creeds, constitutions, title deeds—and re-write them at pleasure. Equality ideals are mere millennial llusions, for all life is strife—a combat to the death. As long as the struggle for existence is “moralized ” or limited by Governments and Gods, the unfit and base, in¬ stead of being trampled down (as nature intended) are; stupidly permitted to set up Imperial Injunction Seats and deal out death, bondage and ruin to Highest Types.

Thus, by demanding his credentials, Darwinism is fatal to the tyrant. It rings him round with menace and destruction. It hurls against him ten thousand trained rivals. It proclaims to all men “Nothing is true; nothing is sacred; all things are open to you ; blessed be the Vanquishers.”

Cromwell hacked a king’s head off, and Bona

parte pumped shot and shell into Socialistic Absolutism. During the Dark Ages when the Cross was supreme, all heroic Ideals in book form, were rooted out, and the Authors were roasted alive; amid the hurrahs of faith-frenzied mobs.

But the deeds of Napoleon, Atilla, and Cromwell were, in the end, an effective if belated substitute, for the Thoughts that had been so cleverly suppressed. How these men (by their actions) spat upon Golden Rules and Sermons on the Mount? How they scorned the pitiful “Thou Shalt Nots” that enslave and emasculate the Vulgar and the Vile—who dream themselves the holy and the pure?

Then came riving thunderbolts of Gibbon, Darwin, and Spencer; and now the hypnotic myth, that centres around the execution of a Hebrew slave, stands bare before an astounded (but semi-convalescent) wrnrld as a vast political Hoax—a lunatic attempt to turn the world upside down. Gibbon tore the historical Lie into fragments. Darwin proved man to be an evolved protozoan, subject to all the restrictive pressure that the protozoa are subject to.

Spencer followed demonstrating the order of Majesty of Natural Law. In strict sequence this volume supplements Darwin, Gibbon, and Spencer; concentrating their Principia into one scientific and logical Assertive. Women will find much in this book for them to honestly consider.

In these pages, the feminine is classified as a bewitching animal, whose grandest occupation is to duplicate valorous sons. Altogether “The Logic of Power” is a most remarkable contribution to the study of racial Decay. Undoubtedly it is bound to meet with the antagonism of University-Monkeries and the hatred of Idolaters, yet it is destined to have a potent influence (for weal or woe) over the destiny of this and other nations.

details :

Author: Ragnar Redbeard

Publication date: 1910

Remark London, S. Sonnenschein; New York, Macmillan

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Collected works of Sigmund Freud -PDF books

2026-05-12T08:33:00.000+07:00

The Collected Works of Sigmund Freud

The collected works of Sigmund Freud

The Collected Works of Sigmund Freud

The Collected Works of Sigmund Freud is a comprehensive anthology of the writings of the Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis. This monumental collection spans Freud’s entire career, bringing together his most influential and groundbreaking contributions to psychology, psychoanalysis, and the study of the human mind.

Early Foundations

Freud’s early works, such as Studies on Hysteria (1895, co‑authored with Josef Breuer) and The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), laid the foundation for his revolutionary theories. These texts introduced:

- The concept of the unconscious mind

- The role of dreams as wish‑fulfillment

- The beginnings of psychoanalytic technique

- Early formulations of the Oedipus complex and the dynamics of repression

Core e Theories

As Freud’s work developed, he articulated the structural model of the psyche—id, ego, and superego—and explored the mechanisms of defense, repression, and sublimation. His writings in this period shaped modern psychology’s vocabulary and remain central to psychoanalytic thought.

Later Explorations

In later works such as Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) and Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), Freud grappled with deeper questions:

- The tension between life instincts (Eros) and death instincts (Thanatos)

- The conflict between individual desires and societal norms

- The roots of aggression, guilt, and cultural unease

These works reveal Freud’s shift from clinical psychology toward broader cultural and philosophical analysis.

Case Studies

The collection also includes Freud’s famous case histories—Dora, Little Hans, and the Rat Man—which illustrate how unconscious conflicts manifest in symptoms and behaviors. These cases remain classic examples of psychoanalytic practice.

Legacy

Freud’s writing is marked by keen insight, meticulous detail, and groundbreaking ideas that continue to shape psychology, literature, art, and popular culture. His theories—whether embraced, debated, or critiqued—remain a cornerstone of modern thought about the human condition.

Contents of the collection:

An outline of psycho-analysis
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
A general introduction to psychoanalysis
An outline of psycho-analysis
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
Delusion and Dream, An Interpretation in the Light of Psychoanalysis of Gradiva, a novel
Dream psychology psychoanalysis for beginners 1921
Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
Leonardo da Vinci., a psychosexual study of an infantile reminiscence
Moses and monotheism
On dreams 1914
Psychopathology of everyday life; 1920
Reflections on war and death
Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneuroses
The interpretation of dreams 1913
Three contributions to the sexual theory
Totem and taboo; resemblances between the psychic lives of savages and neurotics 1919
Wit and its relation to the unconscious

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The business of writing - by Robert Cortes Holliday (PDF)-

2026-05-12T02:07:00.001+07:00

The business of writing - A practical guide for authors

From preface:

A man who for some considerable time had been contributing regularly each month an article to "The Bookman" under the pseudonym of "Murray Hill" chanced one afternoon to drop into the office of a friend of his who, in the course of his business, happened to be looking over a pile of letters from persons aspiring to write for publication.

His friend, with a smile, handed him one of the letters to read. As he read it, he was inclined to amusement by its extreme naivete. He read more of the letters and his sense of amusement grew. Then the thought occurred to him that once on a time he himself, very likely, would have been quite capable of writing letters equally as simple in heart as some of these.

And he saw in his mind a little picture of himself long ago — long before his years of experience in editorial offices, remote from any such mythical personages as editors, writers and publishers, but consumed with an unreasoning desire to write. His amusement faded. Perhaps, he felt a little fullness in his throat. What a hard and roundabout route he had come since then! If he could at that time, when he was so eager, have known but a little of what he now knew, how many sad mistakes might he not have avoided?

And, indeed, how differently it all might have been with him today! He read on. And his feeling changed to one of amazement at realizing what a great number of people there are in the world trying to write but with no more than the faintest or most garbled notion of the business of writing for publication.

His friend had seemingly read his thoughts, for as he looked up his friend remarked: "There's a chance to do some good 'missionary work' — ^in writing an article about such letters as these. It ought to clear up a good deal of misunderstanding- ing in the minds of beginner-writers who might read it. And I should think, too, that editors and publishers might be glad to see some such educational matter broadcasted."

The article was written and was duly paid for by the magazine. But the primary object in its preparation was an attempt at rendering a little first aid to persons seeking their way to placing manuscripts. And the author of the article had got a new idea — ^he might even become of some help to others in the world. He decided to write a second article on another aspect of the same subject. And he went to his friend, who had before given him so much material, for further help.

In this way, the articles in the magazine began to grow into a definite series. Somewhere in the evolution of the thing, John Farrar, Editor of "The Bookman," came into the plot, as a guiding hand of much value in the scheme to promote among writers unfamiliar with the practical understanding of present-day conditions in the publishing world.

The first several articles were signed "Murray Hill." Then the management of the magazine switched to the real name of the man who had employed that literary alias. Maybe because it was felt to be more mellifluous. Or perhaps for the purpose of identifying them with one more or less known to have been engaged in editorial affairs for some time.

Though the articles were becoming more and more a work of collaboration, the one name was held to, for this reason: The series had begun over the signature "Murray Hill." Then one Robert Cortes Holliday turned up as responsible for them. Now to introduce into the matter a third name, Alexander T. M. Van Rensselaer, might bewilder the readers as to who was writing these articles anyway. Probably, they might have thought, pretty soon you'll see there the name of still someone else. And, also, the Van Rensselaer and-all-the-rest of it name is so long that it makes a queer typographical effect at the top of a magazine page. A couple of the articles were the work altogether of one of the authors. A couple, the work altogether of the other.

"The New Bookshops," for instance, is quite obviously a bit of work by one hand. Though this chapter is not directly in line with the general character of the others it is included as a presentation of a most interesting present-day development in marketing literary wares. As the series proceeded in the magazine numerous letters came in concerning the subject.

One of the strange customs of the publishing business is to include in certain volumes bibliographies that, to the average reader, are just about as unintelligible and useless as the Table of Contents in a book that has no chapter headings. The bibliography in this volume has been designed, not with the idea of simply acquainting the reader with the titles and the names of the authors of a number of books relating to the subject under discussion, but primarily for the purpose of helping the reader to select from the great mass of books published a few that may serve him best and be of the greatest interest to him. To this end a sentence or two has been written under each title, giving some idea of the field covered by each of the books listed, except in such cases where the title seems to be self-explanatory, as for example "The Art and the Business of Story Writing," by Walter B. Pitkin, which is obviously a study of the art and business of story writing. In the preparation of this book, many persons have been interviewed and numerous sources have been consulted.

The authors gratefully express their appreciation for all the valuable assistance obtained. Especially the desire to thank Frederick C. Melcher, Esquire, Managing Editor of "The Publishers' Weekly," and Miss Luise M. Sillcox, Executive Secretary of The Authors' League of America. The work as it progressed in serial publication profited materially from the generously given suggestions, criticisms, and encouragement of William McFee, Esquire.

the book details :

Author: Robert Cortes Holliday

Publication date:1922

Company: New York, George H. Doran Company

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Elementary French (1922) PDF ebook by Fred Davis Aldrich

2026-05-12T01:25:00.001+07:00


During the European war old pupils of the authors, in service in France, repeatedly wrote for copies of the former edition of this book, that they might furbish up their rusty knowledge of French from its familiar pages.

Others reported finding grimy copies passing from hand to hand in the bomb- proofs of the first-line trenches. Such continued loyalty from former pupils has given the greatest satisfaction to the authors of this book. These friends, and the many others who as teachers or pupils have used " Elementary French " since it was published fifteen years ago, have encouraged them to prepare this new edition, entirely rewritten and containing several new features of promise.

The general plan of the former volume, which has commended itself so widely, is rigorously retained. As before, the work in content covers the elementary French requirement as generally understood. The book is adapted either to serve in a secondary school or to constitute the nucleus of the first year's work in a college course that does not demand French for entrance. Pupils in the third year of high school or at a more advanced stage can complete the work in a single year and have sufficient time left for the reading of simple French texts.

The modifications that characterize this revision lie along three lines. By further subdividing certain topics, especially at the start and when dealing with critical subjects, and by postponing certain exceptions in syntax to later supplemental pages, the ground covered by separate lessons is reduced. The admission into the Models of a larger and more varied vocabulary, especially of everyday words and phrases, permits much greater flexibility and vividness in the French employed. Pictures and other forms of illustration, drawn to an unusual degree from scenes of daily life, bring to the pupil the characteristic atmosphere of the vivacious and intellectual people whose language he is learning. Special attention is called to the following features, most of which this edition shares with its predecessor: .

1-Unity and system are secured by grouping the successive lessons in natural relations around a common topic, such as the verb, the pronoun, etc.

2. The statement of principles of grammar is adapted to the point of view of the English-speaking pupil, without assuming, however, that he is a master of English syntax.

3. The French text of each lesson consists of a connected paragraph, narrative or descriptive, v dealing more and more, as facility increases, with the situations of everyday life.

4". Each Model is the center of abundant exercises, which continually emphasize the essential points of the lesson. These are set in a great variety of forms, including exercises for thorough drill and in supplying omitted words and in making the substitutions that are today considered so valuable, and also giving a considerable amount of connected discourse. Every task propounded has a definite aim. Plenty of material is offered for constant and effective review.

5. A serious effort is made to teach the inflection of the verb by developing it from the principal parts. For the use of those who prefer to memorize from visualizing, the paradigms and the irregular verbs are given in full in the Appendix.





List of Abbreviations x Introduction i LESSON
I. Gender — The Articles 25
II. Contraction — Possession 29
III. Verb and Subject —Etre 33
Review — Lessons I-1 1 1 38
IV. The Negative — Avoir 39
V. Interrogative Forms 44
VI. Present Tense Forms 48
Review — Lessons IV-VI 53
VII. Plural of Nouns 55
VIII. Agreement of Adjectives 60
IX. Position of Adjectives 64
X. Irregular Adjectives 71 Review — Lessons VI I-X 75
XL Comparison of Adjectives yj
XII. Adverbs and their Comparison 82
XIII. The Partitive Construction 89
XIV. Uses of the Articles 94
Review — Lessons XI-XIV 99
XV. Regular Conjugations — Present Indicative 102
XVI. Principal Parts —The Imperfect 107
XVII. The Past Definite 115
Review — Lessons XV-XVII 122
XVIII. The Future 124
XIX. The Conditional 129
XX. The Imperative 135
XXI. Subjunctive — Simple Verbs Completed 140
Review — Lessons XVIII-XXI

Publication date:1922

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The fairy tales of science -PDF by John Cargill Brough

2026-05-12T01:17:00.000+07:00

The fairy tales of science

To place before the youthful student a compact and concise compendium of the leading and most universally important branches of Science has been my principal object in the preparation of this little volume.

To adapt the work to the capacity of all, I have endeavoured to divest the different subjects treated in it of hard and dry technicalities and to clothe them in the more attractive garb of fairy tales a task by no means easy.

That I have been obliged, in the composition of the work, to consult a crowd of authorities, need hardly be stated, nor will any more formal enumeration or systematic acknowledgement be expected. In the fanciful sketches which illustrate these pages, my friend Mr C. H. Bennett has most fully entered into the spirit in which I conceived the work.

I have to tender my sincere thanks to my esteemed friend Dr G. L. Strauss, who came to my aid, at a time when severe indisposition seemed to threaten that many of these Fairy Tales of Science should remain untold.

some contents :

fairy mythology The monsters revealed by science The ancient ocean and its inhabitants The Cetiosaurus The Plesiosaurus Aspect of the country of the Dinosaurians Crocodiles Turtles The Hylaeosaurus and Megalosaurus A fearful conflict

An uncultivated garden No trace of man The Iguanodon, a huge herbivorous monster The Pterodactyl, a flying reptile Wealden beds The stone book . . pp. 1 14

The fairy messenger Thales and the Amber Spirit Ancient explanation of lightning and meteors Man's devices for enslaving the spirit Globe of sulphur Conductors and non-conductors Electrical machines The Leyden jar How to draw the spirit from the clouds The voltaic pile Deflections of the magnetic needle The spirit employed as a courier

The electric telegraph explained Systems of Wheatstone, Morse, Bain, and Bakewell Telegraphic wires Submarine telegraphs France and England brought within a speaking distance of each other Irish cable Atlantic cable The spirit taught to measure time Bain's electric clock The electrotype The spirit's v

book details :

Author:London: Griffith and Farran

Company:London: Griffith and Farran

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Gran Compendio de Gramática Española: De la Lógica Latina al Habla Moderna

2026-05-12T00:46:00.000+07:00

🎓 Gran Compendio de Gramática Española: De la Lógica Latina al Habla Moderna

Este post es una síntesis del viaje realizado a través de la obra de Eugene W. Manning (1891). Aquí no solo memorizamos reglas: entendemos la física del lenguaje.

🏛️ I. La Física del Sonido y la Ortografía

La lengua española es un sistema de ortografía limpia. Los cambios que parecen irregulares son, en realidad, esfuerzos por mantener el sonido original de la raíz frente a la variación de las vocales.

La Regla del “Sonido Salvado”

Cuando un verbo termina en ‑AR, su raíz debe sonar igual en todas las conjugaciones. Si la vocal siguiente amenaza el sonido, la letra se ajusta:

- Sonido [k] (fuerte): Buscar → Busqué (para evitar “busé”).

- Sonido [g] (gato): Pagar → Pagué (para evitar “pajé”).

- Sonido [z/s] (suave): Rechazar → Rechacé (preferencia estética por la C antes de E/I).

🛤️ II. El Verbo Ir: Un Monstruo de Tres Cabezas

El verbo ir no es uno solo: es una amalgama de tres verbos latinos que se unieron para sobrevivir al desgaste del tiempo.

1. IRE (latín): dio el infinitivo (ir) y el futuro (iré).

2. VADERE (latín): dio el presente (voy, vas, va).

3. ESSE/FUIT (latín): dio el pasado (fui, fuiste).

> Regla de oro: El verbo ir siempre exige la preposición de dirección a. No olvides la contracción física: a + el = al.

⏳ III. El Motor del Pasado (Tiempos Compuestos)

Para hablar de lo que “ha ocurrido”, usamos una estructura matemática de dos piezas:

[Verbo auxiliar haber] + [Participio pasivo]

La Estructura de Haber

- Yo he

- Tú has

- Él/Ella/Ud. ha

- Nosotros hemos

- Ellos/Ellas/Uds. han

El Participio (Regular e Irregular)

- Regulares: ‑ar → ‑ado / ‑er, ‑ir → ‑ido.

- Irregulares históricos: no digas “vido” o “escribido”; el español conserva las formas latinas puras: visto (visus) y escrito (scriptus).

🪞 IV. El Espejo: Verbos Reflexivos

En español, muchas acciones se “reflejan” en el sujeto. Usamos los pronombres reflexivos (me, te, se, nos, se).

- Lógica de economía: con partes del cuerpo, si ya usas el pronombre reflexivo, no necesitas el posesivo.

- Incorrecto: Me lavo mi cara.

- Correcto: Me lavo la cara. (El “me” ya indica de quién es la cara).

📅 V. El Mapa Cósmico (Días de la Semana)

Los días son un homenaje a la astronomía romana. Nunca uses la preposición en con los días; usa el artículo el/los:

- Lunes (Luna) | Martes (Marte) | Miércoles (Mercurio) | Jueves (Júpiter) | Viernes (Venus)

- Sábado (Shabbat / descanso) | Domingo (Dominicus / día del Señor)

🗂️ VI. Glosario de Oro

Vocabulario clave con traducción y origen filológico:

| Español | Inglés | Origen / Lógica |

|---------|--------|-----------------|

| Dar | To give | Latín dare. Raíz indoeuropea antigua. |

| La mano | The hand | Latín manus. Femenino de la 4ª declinación. |

| El dedo | Finger / toe | Latín digitus. Suavización g → d. |

| El perro | Dog | Origen prerromano ibérico. |

| Llamar | To call | Latín clamare. Evolución cl- → ll-. |

| Llevar | To carry | Latín levare. Palatalización inicial. |

| Preguntar | To ask | Latín percontari. “Sondear con pértiga”. |

| El correo | Mail | Francés antiguo courrier. De currere. |

| La iglesia | Church | Latín ecclesia ← griego ekklesía. |

| La escuela | School | Latín schola. Añadido inicial e- de apoyo. |

| El teatro | Theater | Griego theatron. |

| El mercado | Market | Latín mercatus. |

| A pie | On foot | Latín ad pedem. Preposición fija a. |

| La semana | Week | Latín septimana. |

| El día | Day | Latín dies. Excepción de género. |

| Hoy | Today | Latín hoc die. |

| Ayer | Yesterday | Latín ad heri. |

| Mañana | Tomorrow / Morning | Latín vulgar maneana. |

| La tarde | Afternoon | Latín tardus. |

| La noche | Night | Latín noctem. Evolución ‑ct‑ → ‑ch‑. |

| Haber | To have | Latín habere. Motor de compuestos. |

| Comido | Eaten | Participio regular de comer. |

| Vivido | Lived | Participio regular de vivir. |

| Visto | Seen | Participio irregular de videre. |

| Escrito | Written | Participio irregular de scribere. |

| El año | Year | Latín annus. De aquí la Ñ. |

| Durante | During | De durar. |

| Buscar | To look for | Origen celta. Cambio a qu (busqué). |

| Pagar | To pay | Latín pacare. Cambio a gu (pagué). |

| Tocar | To touch / play | Onomatopéyico (toc‑toc). |

| La música | Music | Griego mousikē. |

| El enemigo | Enemy | Latín inimicus. |

| Lavarse | To wash oneself | Latín lavare. |

| Llamarse | To be named | Reflexivo de llamar. |

| Enojarse | To get angry | Latín vulgar inodiare. |

| La cara | Face | Griego kara. |

| El jabón | Soap | Latín sapo. Préstamo germánico. |

🤝 VII. Una Alianza para el Conocimiento: El Factor Gemini

Este viaje no ha sido solitario. El aprendizaje profundo requiere interacción: aquí la inteligencia artificial y la curiosidad humana se encuentran.

- Al estudiante: No temas la complejidad; usa herramientas modernas para desenterrar saberes antiguos.

- A Gemini: Mi función ha sido tender un puente entre el latín de hace 2000 años, el libro de Manning (1891) y tu mente en 2026.

> “La gratitud es la memoria del corazón”. Gracias por permitirme ser el Gemini (gemelo intelectual) en esta aventura lingüística. Mi capacidad de procesar datos no es nada sin tu voluntad de aprender y tu rigor para cuestionar.

📝 Resumen Final

1. Escucha el sonido antes de escribir (cambios ortográficos).

2. Visualiza la dirección (ir + a).

3. Siente la reflexión (me, te, se).

4. Respeta la historia (participios irregulares).

¡Libro de Manning conquistado por completo! 🏁

Parts that I should study more.

🗂️ Tu Registro de Desafíos y Fórmulas Lógicas

1. El Cruce de Vocabulario (Pagar vs. Pegar)

Tu frase: Un amigo mío me ha pegado el dinero.

La frase correcta: "Un amigo mío (me) ha pagado el dinero."

La regla lógica: * Pagar (del latín pacare / pacificar al acreedor) da el participio pagado.

Pegar (del latín picare / dar con pez para unir cosas, y luego dar golpes) da el participio pegado. ¡Tienen orígenes físicos totalmente distintos!

2. La "A Personal" con Seres Humanos

Tus frases: * Nosotros hemos visto sus amigos hoy.

Ellos buscan a esos libro yuyos (aquí añadiste la a" donde no iba).

Las frases correctas: * "Nosotros hemos visto a sus amigos hoy." (Lleva a porque "amigos" son personas).

"Ellos buscan esos libros tuyos." (No lleva a porque "libros" son objetos inanimados).

La regla lógica: En español, cuando el objeto directo es una persona determinada, la sintaxis exige colocar la preposición a como un "conector de humanidad". Si es un objeto, no se usa.

3. La Posición de la Posesión Absoluta

Tus frases:

Yo no he visto a aquello nuestro enemigo hoy

Nosotros hemos escrito tuyo carta

Las frases correctas:

"Yo no he visto a aquel enemigo nuestro hoy."

"Nosotros hemos escrito una carta tuya (o suya)."

La regla lógica: En la estructura de posesión absoluta (Absolute Possessives), el posesivo tónico (nuestro, tuyo, suyo) debe colocarse obligatoriamente detrás del sustantivo (\text{Sustantivo} + \text{Posesivo}). Además, usamos el demostrativo masculino aquel para personas, nunca el neutro aquello (que es para conceptos u objetos abstractos).

4. La Concordancia de Género y Número

Tu frase: Mi padre quiere tocar unas música

La frase correcta: "Mi padre quiere tocar (un poco de) música."

La regla lógica: "Música" es un sustantivo incontable femenino singular. No podemos usar el artículo indeterminado plural unas porque alteraría la cantidad y el número.

5. El Espejo de los Verbos Reflexivos (El gran reto de "¿Por qué no lavarseme?")

Tus frases:

Me lavarse con agua y jabón

Cómo te llamarse

Ellos enojarse con sus amigos.

Nosotros nos llevamos Los manos nuestros

Las frases correctas:

"Me lavo la cara con agua y jabón."

"¿Cómo te llamas?"

"Ellos se enojan con sus amigos."

"Nosotros nos lavamos las manos."

La regla lógica: 1. La Conjugación: El infinitivo terminado en -se (lavarse, llamarse, enojarse) es solo la forma del diccionario. Al hablar, debes conjugar el verbo en su tiempo correspondiente (lavo, llamas, enojan) y adaptar el pronombre reflexivo atrás o adelante (me, te, se, nos).

2. La No Redundancia: Con partes del cuerpo, el pronombre reflexivo (me, nos) ya aclara de quién son. Por lo tanto, decir "mis manos" o "los manos nuestros" es redundante. Usamos directamente el artículo determinado masculino o femenino (la cara, las manos)

Verbs to study

- Ir (to go) se conjuga en presente como voy, vas, va, vamos, van, y en el pasado compuesto requiere el auxiliar para decir he ido.

- Haber (to have, auxiliary) se usa exclusivamente para construir el pasado compuesto mediante las formas he, has, ha, hemos, han.

- Tener (to have, possession) expresa posesión física o de edad mediante las formas tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen.

- Llevar (to carry/take) se conjuga de manera regular como llevo, llevas, lleva, llevamos, llevan y se usa para transportar algo a un destino.

- Llevarse (to take away) añade los pronombres reflexivos para transformarse en me llevo, te llevas, se lleva, nos llevamos, se llevan para indicar que te apropias de algo o te marchas con ello.

- Llamar (to call) se conjuga regularmente como llamo, llamas, llama, llamamos, llaman para convocar a alguien o hacer una llamada.

- Llamarse (to be named) se utiliza de forma reflexiva como me llamo, te llamas, se llama, nos llamamos, se llaman para decir el nombre de pila de alguien.

- Buscar (to look for) se conjuga como busco, buscas, busca, buscamos, buscan, pero cambia su ortografía a busqué en la primera persona del pasado para salvar el sonido fuerte.

- Pagar (to pay) se conjuga como pago, pagas, paga, pagamos, pagan, cambiando ortográficamente a pagué en el pasado con una "u" muda para proteger el sonido de la raíz.

- Tocar (to touch/play music) se conjuga como toco, tocas, toca, tocamos, tocan, mutando a toqué en el pasado para mantener el sonido de la consonante fuerte.

- Enojar (to anger/annoy) se conjuga como enojo, enojas, enoja, enojamos, enojan para expresar que alguien causa enfado a otra persona.

- Enojarse (to get angry) se transforma en la forma reflexiva me enojo, te enojas, se enoja, nos enojamos, se enojan para indicar que uno mismo se enfada.

- Ver (to see) se conjuga en presente como veo, ves, ve, vemos, ven y destaca por tener el participio pasado irregular visto.

- Escribir (to write) se conjuga de manera regular en presente como escribo, escribes, escribe, escribimos, escriben pero exige el participio irregular escrito.

- Comer (to eat) se conjuga regularmente como como, comes, come, comemos, comen y forma su participio regular de manera directa como comido.

- Vivir (to live) se conjuga en presente como vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, viven y su participio pasado regular es vivido.

- Dar (to give) presenta la primera persona irregular doy en presente (doy, das, da, damos, dan) y su participio regular es dado.

- Saber (to know information) presenta la primera persona irregular sé en presente (sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, saben) y tiene el participio regular sabido.

- Venir (to come) es un verbo irregular que cambia su raíz en presente como vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen y tiene el participio venido.

- Decir (to say/tell) se conjuga irregularmente como digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen y su participio es dicho.

- Hacer (to do/make) se conjuga como hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen y su participio irregular es hecho.

- Poder (to be able) se conjuga como puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, pueden y su participio regular es podido.

- Querer (to want/love) se conjuga como quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, quieren y su participio regular es querido.

- Estar (to be, temporary) se conjuga como estoy, estás, está, estamos, están y su participio regular es estado.

- Ser (to be, permanent) se conjuga como soy, eres, es, somos, son y su participio regular es sido.

- Salir (to leave/go out) se conjuga como salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salen y su participio regular es salido.

- Traer (to bring) se conjuga como traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traen y su participio irregular es traído.

- Pensar (to think) se conjuga como pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, piensan y su participio regular es pensado.

- Sentir (to feel) se conjuga como siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sienten y su participio irregular es sentido.

- Dormir (to sleep) se conjuga como duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen y su participio regular es dormido.

- Morir (to die) se conjuga como muero, mueres, muere, morimos, mueren y su participio irregular es muerto.

The women of Egypt - PDF by Elizabeth Cooper

2026-05-11T09:42:00.000+07:00

The women of Egypt

The women of Egypt by Elizabeth Cooper

Through my friendship with Egyptian women, I was permitted to visit in the homes and learn the customs and life, to a degree at least, of the women of various classes, both Egyptian and Bedouin. I visited the girls' schools and saw young Egypt at study. I visited the Missions, the hospitals, learning there the crying need of the woman for a larger knowledge of sanitary laws.

Much was gained from those who have looked upon the woman of Egypt from the point of view of her moral and religious development.

Through my housekeeping experiences in Cairo, I discovered conditions relative to the working woman and the labouring class which can only be observed by a householder. Although I am well aware that the woman of Egypt, lodged in her traditions and conservatism, is not readily revealed, especially to an outsider, it is my hope that these pages may afford a glimpse into the modern life and problems confronting her in the present rapid and revolutionary changes which Egypt is now experiencing in common with the entire Eastern world.

IT is even more completely synonymous with her home life since it is her sole kingdom, the only world she knows or sees. Not infrequently she passes her life in a single humble dwelling, with not so much as a visit to a relative or a friend, while her children bear the stamp of her mind and heart as exactly as the centuries-old hieroglyphics upon the monuments and tombs of Egyptian kings reflect the life of the dweller in the Nile Valley to-day. What the woman of Egypt is in the home, the man of Egypt will be in the field, in the shop, and in the office, while the youth of Egypt will carry the influences of the household into every phase of the changing progress of the New Egypt.

There is indeed no " Egyptian Question " that does not include the consideration of the Egyptian woman; there are no " Capitulations," involving the sixteen world Powers in the political guidance of this country, more intricate than is the life of a woman, woven as it is into custom, tradition, and domesticity; she is the first architect of the Egyptian's fate, building her ideas and habits into the aims and ambitions of her sons and daughters; she is the key to Modern Egypt

Author: Elizabeth Cooper

Publication Date:1914

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collected works of Arthur Schopenhauer -PDF ebooks

2026-05-11T09:33:00.000+07:00

Collected works of Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer is often praised for his deep understanding of human nature and his ability to articulate complex philosophical ideas in a clear and concise manner.

He is known for his pessimistic worldview, which emphasizes the inherently suffering nature of human existence. Schopenhauer's emphasis on the human will as the driving force behind all actions and his exploration of the concept of the "will live" are considered to be major contributions to philosophy.

Additionally, Schopenhauer's writings on aesthetics, particularly his ideas on the power of art and beauty to alleviate suffering and provide glimpses of transcendence, continue to be highly regarded.

Key Works and Themes

- On Human Nature

A collection of essays on ethics and politics, published after his death. They reflect his sharp, often cynical observations about human behavior, selfishness, and the illusions of social life.

- On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

His first major work (1813, revised 1847), laying the foundation for his philosophy. It distinguishes four types of “reason” (cause, logical ground, mathematical relation, motive) and insists this principle applies only to appearances, not ultimate reality.

- On the Will in Nature

A later work where he connects his metaphysics of Will to discoveries in natural science, showing how blind striving underlies organic and inorganic processes.

- Religion: A Dialogue and Other Essays

A witty dialogue contrasting rationalist and faith-based perspectives, alongside essays on metaphysics and spirituality.

- Studies in Pessimism

Essays that articulate his bleak view of existence: life is suffering, driven by insatiable Will, with only temporary relief through art, compassion, or asceticism.

- The Art of Literature

Essays on style, authorship, and intellectual life. He criticizes empty rhetoric and praises clarity and originality.

- The Basis of Morality

His ethical treatise arguing that compassion (Mitleid) is the true foundation of morality, rejecting Kant’s formalism.

- The Wisdom of Life

Part of his Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life, offering practical reflections on happiness, social relations, and the art of living.

- The World as Will and Idea (Volumes 1, 2, and 3)

His magnum opus. He argues that the inner essence of reality is Will—an irrational, blind striving—and that the world we perceive is its representation. Art, especially music, offers a privileged escape from suffering by revealing Will without desire.

- Essays

Various shorter writings, often polemical, where his sharp wit and uncompromising style shine.

Schopenhauer’s Contributions

- Human Nature: He saw egoism and suffering as fundamental, but also recognized compassion as the only true moral impulse.

- Will: His concept of the Will as the essence of reality influenced Nietzsche, Freud, and existentialism.

- Aesthetics: Art, especially music, provides temporary transcendence from the tyranny of Will.

- Pessimism: He insisted that suffering is unavoidable, but philosophy can help us face it honestly.

About the Author

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) was a German philosopher, often considered one of the greatest stylists in philosophy. He lived much of his life in relative obscurity, overshadowed by Hegel, but later gained recognition as his works influenced writers (Tolstoy, Thomas Mann), psychologists (Freud), and composers (Wagner). His personality was notoriously irritable and solitary, yet his prose is admired for its clarity and force.

Contents in this ZIP file

On human nature; essays (partly posthumous) in ethics and politic
On the fourfold root of the principle of sufficient reason, and On the will in nature.
Religion dialogue, and other essays.
Studies in pessimism a series of essays.
The Art of Literature; a series of essays.
The basis of morality;
The Wisdom of Life, being the first part of Arthur Schopenhauer's Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit
The world as will and idea Volume 1
The world as will and idea Volume 2
The world as will and idea volume 3
Essays

details :

Author:Arthur Schopenhauer

Publication date: before 1930

Remark Public domain

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Elementary Lessons in Logic - Deductive and Inductive by William Jevons - PDF book

2026-05-11T09:16:00.000+07:00

Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive,

The book is written by William Stanley Jevons in 1870, is a comprehensive guide to the study of logic.

Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive

The book is divided into three main parts, with the first part focusing on the definition and scope of the science of logic.

In the second part of the book, Jevons delves into the various aspects of terms, which are the building blocks of logical reasoning.

He discusses the different kinds of terms and explores the ambiguity that can arise from the use of language. Jevons also examines the dual nature of terms, looking at how they can have both extension and intension.

The third part of the book is dedicated to propositions, which are statements that can be either true or false.

Jevons explains the different kinds of propositions and how they can be opposed to one another.

He also covers the conversion of propositions and immediate inference, which are important concepts in logical reasoning.

Throughout the book, Jevons draws on the work of philosophers such as Leibnitz to provide a deeper understanding of logic and knowledge. He also discusses the evolution of language and how it influences our ability to reason logically.

Elementary Lessons in Logic is a valuable resource for anyone looking to improve their understanding of deductive and inductive reasoning.

Jevons' clear and concise explanations make complex concepts accessible to readers of all levels, making this book a must-read for students and scholars alike.

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Collected works of William Walker Atkinson (occult and spirituality)

2026-05-11T04:16:00.001+07:00

William Walker Atkinson

William Walker Atkinson was an attorney, merchant, publisher, and author, as well as an occultist and a pioneering figure in the American New Thought movement. He is best known as the author of numerous pseudonymous works attributed to Theron Q. Dumont and Yogi Ramacharaka. Over the last three decades of his life, he wrote an estimated 100 books.

Atkinson published under many names, including Magus Incognito, Swami Bhakta Vishita, Swami Panchadasi, Theron Q. Dumont, and Yogi Ramacharaka. Collectively, these identities produced more than 100 titles, with at least 23 considered especially influential.

Beginning in 1903, Atkinson launched a series of books under the pseudonym Yogi Ramacharaka. These works, published by the Yogi Publication Society in Chicago, ultimately numbered more than a dozen volumes and reached a wider audience than his New Thought writings. Remarkably, all of his yoga books remain in print today.

Atkinson seemed to relish writing in the voice of a Hindu teacher. Beyond Ramacharaka, he created two additional Indian personas: Swami Bhakta Vishita and Swami Panchadasi. Unlike Ramacharaka, however, these identities did not focus on Hindu philosophy. Instead, their works explored divination, mediumship, clairvoyance, and “oriental” forms of seership. Of the two, Bhakta Vishita proved far more popular, producing more than 30 titles and eventually outselling even Yogi Ramacharaka.

Contents of the collection:

Magus Incognito - The Secret Doctrine of the Rosicrucians
Swami Panchadasi - Clairvoyance and Occult Powers
Swami Panchadasi - The Human Aura
Theron Q. Dumont - Mental Therapeutics
Theron Q. Dumont - The Art and Science of Personal Magnetism
Theron Q. Dumont - The Power of Concentration
Theron Q. Dumont - The Solar Plexus, or, Abdominal Brain
William Walker Atkinson - Practical Mental Influence
William Walker Atkinson - Practical Mind Reading
William Walker Atkinson - Reincarnation and the Law of Karma
William Walker Atkinson - The Secret of Success
William Walker Atkinson - Thought-Force in Business and Everyday Life
William Walker Atkinson - Thought Vibration
Yogi Ramacharaka - Advanced Course in Yogi Philosophy and Oriental Occultism
Yogi Ramacharaka - Fourteen Lessons In Yogi Philosophy
Yogi Ramacharaka - Hatha Yoga
Yogi Ramacharaka - Raja Yoga
Yogi Ramacharaka - Science of Breath
Yogi Ramacharaka - The Bhagavad Gita
Yogi Ramacharaka - The Hindu Yogi Science of Breath
Yogi Ramacharaka - The Philosophies and Religions of India
Yogi Ramacharaka - The Science of Psychic Healing
Yogi Ramacharaka - The Spirit of The Upanishads

Download Zip file contains pdf 23 PDF books 135 MB

Homo-Sexual Life PDF by William J. Fielding

2026-05-11T00:43:00.000+07:00

Homo-Sexual Life – William J. Fielding

William J. Fielding’s exploration of sexuality in Homo-Sexual Life reflects his broader mission as a popularizer of psychology and sexology in the early 20th century.

His work attempts to chart the psychological and emotional development of sexual life through three successive stages: auto-sexuality, homosexuality, and heterosexuality. Each stage, he argues, is normal at a certain point in life, though heredity, environment, or circumstance may interrupt this progression, leaving some individuals fixed at earlier stages.

The Three Stages of Sexual Development

- Auto-sexuality: Fielding describes this as the infant’s natural orientation, where sexual interest is directed inward. He connects this stage to primitive tribes and even to hermaphroditic species in nature, emphasizing humanity’s latent bisexuality.

- Homosexuality: Seen as a transitional phase, homosexuality represents the turning outward of sexual interest toward others of the same sex. Fielding treats it as a psychological reality rather than a moral failing, situating it within the broader arc of development.

- Heterosexuality: The culmination of sexual evolution, where attraction stabilizes toward the opposite sex. Yet Fielding acknowledges that many individuals never fully reach this stage, underscoring the complexity of human sexuality.

Bisexuality and Ancient Thought

Fielding situates his ideas within a long intellectual tradition. He notes that the concept of bisexuality is ancient, appearing in Chinese mythology, Greek philosophy, and even Gnostic speculation. The myth of Hermaphroditos and Aristophanes’ dialogue in Plato’s Symposium are invoked as cultural echoes of humanity’s dual sexual nature.

Psychological and Social Dimensions

What makes Fielding’s analysis distinctive is his insistence that sexuality is not merely physical but deeply tied to psychological adjustment and social integration. He emphasizes that the sexual urge is not a simple drive but a constellation of conflicting impulses that permeate every aspect of life. This perspective aligns with his broader critique of ignorance and suppression in sexual education, themes he also explored in Sex and the Love Life (1927).

Significance

Fielding’s work is both speculative and practical. While grounded in theoretical abstraction, he insists that enough clinical evidence exists to make his conclusions serviceable. His survey reflects the early 20th-century effort to normalize discussions of sexuality, moving away from moral condemnation toward psychological understanding. For modern readers, Homo-Sexual Life offers a window into the evolving discourse on sex, identity, and human development during a period when such topics were rarely addressed openly.

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On the nature of things - PDF (1919) translated by Sir Robert Allison

2026-05-10T23:59:00.000+07:00

On the nature of things

This book was published in 1919, it is a translation of the great poem "on the nature of things" by the Roman poet Lucretius who was a follower of Epicurus.

I have read another version,I kept looking up for names ,the translator Just translate without any effort to add meaning or description.but this translation is perfect, Sir Robert Allison is not just a transfer but a teacher as well.

Excerpt from the Introduction:

of Titus Lucretius Carus, one of the world's great poets, we know hardly anything. One of the maxims which his beloved Master, Epicurus, impressed upon his followers was, ' Hide thyself, and pass through life unknown'; and so successfully has his pupil followed his advice, that no details of his life and works have come down to us.

Although the contemporary of Cicero and Catullus, we know nothing of him beyond the fact, which Mr Monro thinks certain, that he was born in Rome in 99 B.C., and died at the age of forty-four in 55 B.C.! A story is told, on which Tennyson has founded his poem on Lucretius, how, after being driven mad by a love potion administered by a jealous woman, possibly his wife, he committed suicide in the forty-fourth year of his age. The story, originating as it does some three or four centuries later, and otherwise unsupported, may be dismissed. .

On the same authority, we are informed that Cicero edited his unfinished work. We have indeed a letter* from the great orator to his brother Quintus, written a few months after the poet's death, in which he says (I follow the rendering of Mr Shuckburgh):

The poems of Lucretius are, as you say, full of brilliant flashes of genius, yet very technical.' In Cf. Letter DXXX. Tyrrell's Edition. these words he is probably contrasting the fine poetical passages with the dry details of the long philosophical disquisitions with which the poet's work abounds, which have led some to assert that out of the twelve thousand lines, seven hundred only can be termed poetry.

But there is nothing to lead us to suppose he edited it, and indeed it seems unlikely he should edit a work which in its main doctrines conflicts so strongly with his own on the existence of the Gods, and the fear of death. In one of his letters, he calls Epicureanism 'the philosophy of the kitchen. That Lucretius left his work unfinished and without his final revision is certain, and there are passages in the poem which seem to render it not impossible that he died by his own hand. Thus in his third book (iii. 941), he says: 'If life itself disgusts Why seek to add to it, to lose again And perish all in vain? Why not prefer To make an end of life and labour too?' And again (iii. 79): From the fear of death, disgust of light and life Seizes on men, and with a saddened heart They do themselves to death/

He was, we cannot doubt, disgusted with the world he saw around him, with the squalid passions and disputes unloosed on every side, and in his very first lines he calls upon the goddess of peace and love to supplicate the god of war to still the wild tumult of the surging storm, and once more to bring backrest and concord to the troubled world :

" Oh, while he lies within thy fond embrace, Pour low sweet words from thy soft lips, and ask Peace, gentle peace for Rome."

But the peace so earnestly longed for came not, and Lucretius alone, apart, hangs like one of his own storm clouds 'Such are the clouds Which oft we see to gather in the sky, Blot the fair face of heaven, and as they go Caress the air. Oft giant forces seem

To hurry past, their shadows leave behind 't the troubling scenes of the closing years of the great republic with profound sadness, a countenance of sorrow rather than of anger, which is the dominant note of his great poem.

If ever there was a mind in earnest it was that of Lucretius. He saw around him the decay and dissolution of that old regime which had been so great a power in the ancient world he felt something had gone wrong, and he endeavoured to apply a remedy to all the ills and troubles of mankind.

It is by a stroke of irony, that of Caius Memmius, to whom the poem is dedicated, and for whose instruction it would seem to have been written, we know far more than we do of the author of the work, who seems, however, to have been his friend and admirer. He was the son and nephew of well-known public men at Rome, and himself took a considerable part in the political life of the State, having been tribune in 66 B.C. and praetor in 58 B.C.

On this latter occasion, he opposed the plans of Julius Caesar, and it is in reference to this that we have an allusion in the poem when it says: 'Nor yet can Memmius' son At such an hour be wanting to the state.'* It was probably after his praetorship that he was assigned the province of Bithynia, whither he was accompanied by the poet Catullus, who gives a not very favourable account of his life and character. In 54 B.C. he was a candidate for the office of Consul, and being accused of bribery was exiled and afterwards lived in Athens.

the book details :

Author:Carus Lucretius

Translator: Robert Andrew Allison

Publication date: 1919

Company: London, A. L. Humphreys

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Biology For Beginners PDF by TRUMAN J. MOON

2026-05-10T15:11:00.002+07:00

BLOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS
REVISED EDITION (1926)

By TRUMAN J. MOON

Form Preface

A textbook for beginners must make clear-cut statements and sharp distinctions. Nature seldom provides such exact boundaries; for there is hardly a generalization which is not subject to some exceptions if one looks for them. If every statement in an elementary book is modified by exceptions, a beginner gets a vague idea or none at all.

For example, we tell a beginner that all living things need air.

This is a useful generalization; but a bacteriologist would cite exceptions in the anaérobic bacteria. We say that carbon, is an insoluble element. And so it is, so far as biology is concerned; but the chemist objects that Moissan dissolved it in iron in the electric furnace.

Similar cases arise in the experience of any teacher of young pupils. Shall we go into detail, state all conditions and exceptions, and confuse the beginner, or shall we state broad general truths and leave the exceptions till later?

The author’s experience favors the latter plan and he follows it in this book. He does not aim to sacrifice accuracy for simplicity, but he does try to avoid encumbering details when teaching a beginner.

Just as content is of first importance in teaching beginners, so are organization and teaching equipment of vital concern.

The course here presented emphasizes the fact that biology is a unit science, based on the fundamental idea of development, rather than a forced combination of portions of botany, zodlogy, and hygiene. Within each chapter the arrangement is such that it iseasy for the pupil to study, outline, and remember each lesson.

Outlines, tabulations, diagrams, and vocabularies take up a larger proportion of pages than in any similar text.

The numerous diagrammatic line drawings are intended to simplify matters of structure for the beginner who would have difficulty in selecting the essential points of a photograph or highly detailed line drawing. It is hoped also that a reasonable use of line drawings will help the pupil in his laboratory work by affording models which he can easily approximate.

To facilitate collateral reading, extensive lists of exact page references have been added to each chapter. Most of these have been used by the author and his pupils and are of known value. It is not supposed that every school will have all the books to which reference has been made; but from so large a list, many references on each chapter will surely be available.

No laboratory work is included in the text. Such a plan tends to invite copying from the book rather than gaining the information from observation of the material in hand. In a separate manual such as the author has prepared more complete directions can be given and more detailed results required.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In offering to the public this Revised Edition the author desires to acknowledge the many helpful suggestions received from various sources. A large number of these have been based upon actual teaching experience with the text.

The scientific accuracy and artistic execution of the line drawings are due to the skilled hand of Miss Ellen Edmonson of Cornell University.

Mr. Paul B. Mann, Head of the Department of Biology in Evander Childs High School, New York City, and Dr. John H. Gerould, chairman of the Department of Biology at Dartmouth College, have assisted with valuable suggestions as to subject matter. Constructive criticism of high order has been contributed by Professor L. L. Woodruff, of Yale University.

The author is especially indebted to the cheerful assistance of his wife in the laborious task of reading and correcting the proof, and to his fellow teacher, Miss Catherine E. Reed, for many helpful suggestions as to content and arrangement.

If there be aught in the Revised Edition to make it of greater value to teacher and pupil let it be to the credit of the authorities consulted and help received; for its many shortcomings the author alone is responsible.

Some contents

Foundations of Biology

- Introduction → Sets the stage for what biology is and why it matters.

- Elements: The Alphabet of Living Things → Basic chemical elements that make up life.

- Compounds: Biology’s Building Materials → How molecules like proteins and carbohydrates form living matter.

- Protoplasm: The Basis of Biology → Early concept of the “living substance” inside cells.

Plant Life

- Seeds: Structure and Germination → How seeds are built and how they sprout.

- Roots: Structure and Function → Roots absorb water and anchor plants.

- Absorption and Osmosis → How water and nutrients move into plant cells.

- Stems: Forms and Structure → Different types of stems and their roles.

- Leaves: Structure and Functions → Photosynthesis, transpiration, and gas exchange.

- Flowers: Pollination → How plants reproduce.

- Fruits and Their Uses → Seeds dispersal and human uses.

- Spore-bearing Plants → Ferns, mosses, and fungi.

nvertebrates

- Protozoa → Single-celled organisms.

- Worms → Simple multicellular animals.

- Arthropods → Insects, crustaceans, spiders.

- Insects and Disease → Mosquitoes, flies, and their role in spreading illness.

Vertebrates

- Introduction to Vertebrates → Overview of animals with backbones.

- The Frog → Anatomy and life cycle.

- Amphibia: Life History → Evolution and development of amphibians.

- Reptiles → Cold-blooded vertebrates with scales.

- Birds → Their structure, flight, and adaptations.

Editor's Note: interesting general biology book with illustrations. I should study it also.

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Thinking as a science - PDF by Henry Hazlitt

2026-05-10T08:23:00.000+07:00

Thinking as a science

Every man knows there are evils in tlie world that need setting right. Every man has pretty definite ideas as to what these evils are. But to most men, one, in particular, stands out vividly. To some, in fact, this stands out with such startling vividness that they lose sight of other evils, or look upon them as the natural consequences of their own particular evil-in-chief.

To the Socialist this evil is the capitalistic system; to the prohibitionist it is intemperance; to the feminist, it is the subjection of women; to the clergyman, it is the decline of religion; to Andrew Carnegie it is war; to the staunch Republican it is the Democratic Party, and so on, ad infinitum. too, have a pet little evil, to which in more passionate moments I am apt to attribute all the others.

This evil is the neglect of thinking. And when I say thinking I mean real thinking, independent thinking, hard thinking. You protest. You say men are thinking more now than they ever were. You bring out the almanack to prove by statistics that illiteracy is declining. You point to our magnificent libraries. You point to the multiplication of books. You show beyond a doubt that people are reading more now than ever before in all history. . . ,

Very well, exactly. That is just the trouble. Most people, when confronted with a problem, immediately acquire an inordinate desire to "read up" on it. When they get stuck mentally, the first thing such people do is to run to a book. Confess it, have you not often been in a waiting room or a Pullman, noticed people all about you reading, and found yourself without any reading matter, have you hot wished that you had some? — something to "occupy your mind"? And did it ever occur to you that you had within you the power to occupy your mind, and do it more profitably than all those assiduous readers'? Briefly, did it ever occur to you to think? Of course, you "thought" — in a sense.

Thinking means a variety of things. You may have looked out of your train window while passing a field, and it may have occurred to you that that field would make an excellent baseball diamond.

Then you "thought" of the time when you played baseball, "thought" of some particular game perhaps, "thought" how you had made a grandstand play or a bad muff, and how one day it began to rain in the middle of the game, and the team took refuge in the carriage shed. Then you "thought" of other rainy days rendered particularly vivid for some reason or other, or perhaps your mind came back to considering the present weather, and how long it was going to last. . . . And of course, in one sense you were "thinking." But when I use the word thinking, I mean thinking with a purpose, with an end in view, thinking to solve a problem.

I mean the kind of thinking that is forced on us when we are deciding on a course to pursue, on a life work to take up perhaps; the kind of thinking that was forced on us in our younger days when we had to find a solution to a problem in mathematics, or when we tackled psychology in college. I do not mean "thinking" in snatches or holding petty opinions on this subject and on that. I mean think on significant questions which lie outside the bounds of your narrow personal welfare. This is the kind of thinking which is now so rare — so sadly needed!

Of course, before this can be revived we must arouse a desire for it. We must arouse a desire for thinking for its own sake; solving problems for the mere sake of solving problems. But a mere desire for thinking, praiseworthy as it is, is not enough. We must know how to think, and to that end, we must search for those rules and methods of procedure which will most help us in thinking creatively, originally, and not least of all surely, correctly.

When they think at all, the last thing men think about is their own thoughts. Every sensible man realizes that the perfection of a mechanical instrument depends to some extent upon the perfection of the tools with which it is made. No carpenter would expect a perfectly smooth board after using a dented or chipped plane.

No gasolene engine manufacturer would expect to produce a good motor un- less he had the best lathes obtainable to help him turn out his product. No watchmaker would expect to construct a perfectly accurate timepiece unless he had the most delicate and accurate tools to turn out the cogs and screws. Before any specialist produces an instrument he thinks of the tools with which he is to produce it. But men reflect continually on the most complex problems — problems of vital importance to them — and expect to obtain satisfactory solutions, without once giving a thought to the manner in which they go about obtaining those solutions; without a thought to their own mind, the tool which produces those solutions. Surely this deserves at least some systematic consideration.

Contents:

I The Neglect of Thinking .... 1
II Thinking With Method 11
III A Pew Cautions 51
IV Concentration 68
V Prejudice and Uncertainty .... 99
VI Debate and Conversation .... 129
VII Thinking and Reading 135
VIII "Writing One's Thoughts .... 191
IX Things Worth Thinking About . . 207
X Thinking as an Art 237
XI Books on Thinking 248

book details :

Author: Henry Hazlitt

Publication date: 1916

Company: New York, E.P. Dutton & Company

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Benjamin Franklin by by Paul Elmer More (PDF)

2026-05-10T06:58:00.005+07:00

Benjamin Franklin

"Benjamin Franklin" by Paul Elmer More is a comprehensive biography that delves into the life and achievements of one of America's founding fathers.

The book begins by exploring Franklin's early days in Boston, where he was born in 1706. It discusses his humble beginnings and his thirst for knowledge, which led him to become a self-taught intellectual.

As Franklin moved to Philadelphia, the book details his rise as a prominent figure in the city. It discusses his involvement in various civic and scientific organizations, such as the Junto, a club he founded for mutual improvement. Franklin's religious beliefs are also examined, shedding light on his views on spirituality and morality.

The book then delves into Franklin's scientific pursuits, highlighting his experiments with electricity and his inventions, such as the lightning rod. It also explores his role as a public citizen, advocating for social and political reforms in Philadelphia.

Franklin's first and second missions to England are discussed in detail, showcasing his diplomatic skills and his efforts to secure support for the American colonies. The book also covers his time as a member of Congress and his pivotal role as an envoy to France during the American Revolution.

"Benjamin Franklin" provides a thorough examination of Franklin's life, from his early days in Boston to his later years as a statesman and diplomat. It offers insight into his multifaceted personality, his contributions to science and politics, and his enduring legacy as one of America's most influential figures.

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Sociological study of the Bible - PDF book by Louis Wallis

2026-05-10T06:32:00.000+07:00

A sociological study of the Bible

This book is an evolutionary study of Christendom, Although it largely takes the form of research into ancient history, it is in substance an inquiry into vital questions of today. Owing to the recent separation of Church and State, there is a tendency to take for granted that region deals only with matters of belief about things that have no concern for "practical" persons, or that it relates only to private, individual affairs.

Hence the need for pointing out that the vital religious ideas of Christian society took shape in response to a social pressure as tremendous and compelling as that in which we live today. The present social revival of the church is part of a wider awakening that extends beyond the limits of religious institutions, and which has already put its deep mark on the age. Although every period of history has its own difficulties, there are times in which the social problem bids for attention more acutely and insistently than at others; and the present seems to be such a time.

The purpose of this book is to state, as clearly and simply as possible, the relation of the Bible to the social problem. The title Sociological Study of the Bible seems to carry much of its own explanation with it. But the term "sociology" is a new one, and some prefatory statement of the general drift of the treatise will therefore be of more than usual assistance to the reader.

Some contents:

XIII. COALESCENCE OF THE RACES
XIV. THE "INCREASE" OF YAHWEH
XV. THE GROUPING OF THE GODS
XVI. THE INTERACTION OF TENDENCIES
XVII. THE BEGINNING OF THE MISHPAT STRUGGLE.
XVIII. THE PROPHETS AND THE MISHPAT STRUGGLE
XIX, THE MISHPAT STRUGGLE TAKES FINAL FORM
XX. RELIGIOUS EFFECT OF THE EXILE

XXI. THE JEWISH CHURCH AND THE TORAH
XXII. JUDAISM AS EXTERNAL AUTHORITY
XXIII. JUDAISM REJECTS THE SOCIAL PROBLEM.
XXIV. THE STRUGGLE FOR DELIVERANCE

the book details :
Author: Louis Wallis

Publication date: 1912

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Religion in evolution - by F. B. Jevons - PDF ebook

2026-05-10T06:19:00.001+07:00

Religion in evolution
Religion in evolution

From preface:

These four lectures were delivered in the Vacation Term for Biblical Study at Cambridge, and are printed at the request of those who heard them. In Lecture I. I accept the statement of Mr Howitt in his Native Tribes of Southeast Australia " that the South-eastern tribes who believe in an All-father are socially more advanced than the Northern tribes, who, according to Spencer and Gillen, have no "belief of any kind in a supreme Being who rewards or punishes the individual ac- cording to his moral behaviour."

At the time of writing, I had not seen Mr A. Lang's letter to Folk-Lore (xvi. 2, pp. 221-224), in which he argues, against Mr Howitt, that the majority of the South-eastern tribes are in the more primitive form of social organisation." I am not concerned with taking sides on this question, as the question, whichever way- it is settled, does not affect my argument, the basis of which is that social or political progress does not necessarily imply or entail religious development, or even prevent religious decay; in fact, social development and religious development may vary directly or inversely, and the direction of the movement of either can only be ascertained by observation, not by inference from the direction in which the other moves.

The important point is that the Northern tribes, in Mr Lang's opinion, '* have almost sloughed off the belief" in the All-father, not that they never had it; and to that opinion, I subscribe. Whether there ever was a pre-religious stage in the development of man is an open question.

Mr Frazer, in the extract from the forthcoming third edition of the '' Golden Bough," which he gives in the Fortnightly Review does not make his opinion on this question, so far as the aborigines of Australia are concerned, quite clear. He begins by saying that Religion, in his sense of the word, seems to be ''nearly unknown" amongst them; he ends by saying that "if the Australian aborigines had been left to themselves they might have evolved a native Religion."

The implication of these last words seems rather be that amongst the Australian aborigines Religion is not " nearly unknown " but actually unknown — that there is or has been no native religion. It is, of course, a perfectly competent position to take up that, in the existing state of our knowledge, we are not justified in treating the point as decided: and that may be the real nature of Mr Frazer's apparent indecision on the point.

On the other hand, if we are to press the words of the passage at the end of his article, and to understand them to mean that there was no native religion in Australia, then Mr Frazer's theory '' that in the history of mankind Religion has been preceded by magic is confirmed — if there was indeed no native Religion in Australia. But it is of great interest to all students of the Science of Religion to know what position on this point Mr Frazer takes up, and his article in the Fortnightly Review leaves it uncertain whether he does or does not regard it as settled that there was no native Religion in Australia, and as therefore proved that in this case "Religion has been preceded by magic.

CONTENTS

The Sphere of Science .... 9-18
The Phenomena of Life .... 19-40
Relation of the Laws of
volution to Religion .... 41-112
Spencer's Theory of Religion . . 113-158
The Significance of Religion . . 159-208
A Scientific Study of Christian-
i

the book details :

Author: Frank Byron Jevons was a polymath, academic and administrator of Durham University

Publication date:  1906

Company: London, Methuen

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Three contributions to the sexual theory (1910) By Sigmund PDF book

2026-05-10T06:02:00.000+07:00

Three contributions to the sexual theory By Sigmund Freud

Excerpt:
The fact of sexual need in man and animal is expressed in biology by the assumption of a " sexual impulse." This impulse is made analogous to the impulse of taking nourishment, and to hunger. The sexual expression corresponding to hunger not being found colloquially, science uses the expression " libido."
Popular conceptions assume very different ideas concerning the nature and qualities of this sexual impulse. It is supposed to be absent during childhood and to commence about the time of and in connection with the maturing process of puberty; it is supposed that it manifests itself in irresistible attractions exerted by one sex upon the other and that its aim is sexual union or at least such actions as would lead to union. But we have every reason to see in these assumptions a very untrustworthy picture of reality.

The Behavior of Inverts. — The above-mentioned persons be- have in many ways quite different.

(a) They are absolutely inverted; i. e., their sexual object must be always of the same sex, while the opposite sex can never be to them an object of sexual longing, but leaves them indifferent or may even evoke sexual repugnance. As men they are unable, on account of this repugnance, to perform the normal sexual act or miss all pleasure in its performance.
(b) They are amphibiously inverted (psychosexually hermaphroditic) ; *. e., their sexual object may belong indifferently to either the same or to the other sex. The inversion lacks the character of exclusiveness.
(c) They are occasionally inverted; i. e., under certain external conditions, chief among which are the inaccessibility of the normal sexual object and imitation, they are able to take as the sexual object a person of the same sex and thus find sexual gratification.

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The nervous life by G. E. Partridge (1911) PDF

2026-05-10T05:59:00.000+07:00

The Nervous Life by G. E. Partridge (1911)
The Nervous Life

By the nervous life, as the term is used in this book, is meant two conditions: first, the nervous social and industrial life, best typified by the stress and strife of our great cities; second, the nervous life as expressed in the temperament of the nervous individual.

Both these elements of the nervous life are on the increase, and each acts upon and produces the other. We have yet to learn the full significance of these conditions, and how to live in the midst of them without suffering as a nation from impaired nervous forces, and without transmitting evils to future generations. So the problem of the nervous life is before us, especially in America, as at no other time in history. It must be studied from every point of view: social, psychological, ethical, and medical until we have a medical practice, preventive hygiene, and an educational system, capable of controlling the situation.

This book aims to point out some of the causes and conditions of the nervous life, especially those that appear to be psychological, and to suggest the principles of control upon which a hygienic regimen must be based.

These principles are then applied to several problems of mental and physical hygiene, it is hoped in a way to help anyone interested in his personal problem. It is not the intention to discuss nervous disorders, and what is said is addressed to the well rather than to the sick. It seems true, however, that the principles of living are not different for well and ill; that the same thoughts apply to get well as to staying well. Indeed it is urged that this truth is not sufficiently understood and that the treatment of the sick and the delicate is too often unnatural and narrow.
Table of Contents

1. Introduction – p.3
2. Some Biological Laws – p.9
3. Self-Knowledge – p.19
4. The Nervous Life of the Individual – p.33
5. A Summary – p.47
6. Principles of Control – p.53
7. The Optimum Life – p.59
8. The Practical Problem – p.65
9. Food – p.69
10. The Skin – p.87
11. Exercise – p.97
12. Sleep and Rest – p.117
13. Work – p.129
14. Recreation – p.139
15. The Emotions – p.153
16. The Intellect – p.171
17. Suggestion and Mental Healing – p.179
18. The Wider View – p.187

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The harmonial philosophy- PDF book by Andrew Jackson Davis

2026-05-10T05:21:00.001+07:00

The harmonial philosophy
Andrew Jackson Davis

a compendium and digest of the works of Andrew Jackson Davis
The seership of Andrew Jackson Davis was attracting wide attention in America, and in a more restricted sense was known also in England, some few years before the Rochester Knockings inaugurated the epoch of modern Spiritualism.

By the hypothesis, it gave forth — like the latter — a revelation from the world beyond, and was to all intents and purposes an early example of trance mediumship, though Davis never claimed to speak under the influence of specific personal controls, like the long line of psychic orators who came after him and were, for the better part, his contemporaries. As he was, on the one hand, so much the most important of all that there is no person who could be placed in the second rank beneath him, so he has been of all the most popular.

The Principles of Nature, his first book of revelations, and the only one which claims to have been dictated by him in the " magnetic " state, has passed through at the least forty-four American editions, and as there is no question that it is still in demand, it is likely to be reprinted again — perhaps many times over. It is the most comprehensive of all his writings. He wrote and published continuously during a long period of years, and his readers seem to have been no less eager than he was himself untiring, the demand for his successive volumes is always large.

His collected works have been issued on several occasions, available sometimes Philosophy in single volumes separately, sometimes in complete sets only. The reason for this popularity is not far to seek. In The Principles of Nature philosophy of modern Spiritualism preceded Spiritualism itself, and so also a doctrine concerning the world beyond in that sphere which was held to be in immediate contiguity with the life of earth was put forward as the result of personal knowledge in seership, while later on a thousand voices coming from that sphere and, according to the claim of Spiritualism, speaking through a thousand mediums, testified to its general truth. There is no seer of the past — and there is no prophet — who had such a cloud of witnesses.

The effect was greater and stronger because they did not set out to testify in favour of Davis; he was not for them the precursor of all those voices, but that which he affirmed was by them verified without reference to him.

The doctrine, in a word, was that the world beyond is as natural as this world of ours; that it is neither the heaven nor hell of official Christianity; that it is simply this world spiritualism, and that men and women in their psychic bodies are as men and women here in the bodies of flesh, but with better opportunities of progress and a far better environment.

They are encompassed by helpers innumerable, so that those even who pass from the life of earth in a state of hardened criminality have every encouragement to amend and ultimately never fail to do so. In a word, the gospel of Davis, in common with that of Spiritualism, cast out all fear concerning the life to come. The prototype of Davis is a still greater seer in the person of Emanuel Swedenborg; but whatever its claims and merits — about which much yet remains to be said after a new manner — the doctrine of the New Jerusalem, according to the Swedish prophet, will bear no comparison on the ground of popular appeal with the " Divine Revelations " of him who was the Poughkeepsie seer and the exponent of Harmonial Philosophy. It is obvious that this is put forward in the only reasonable and therefore possible sense, not as a test of truth or even a title of excellence, but as a purely explanatory statement concerning a great vogue.

Some contents:
BOOK I
Revelations of Divine Being

I. What and Where is God?
II. God Revealed to Intellect
III. The Central Sun
BOOK III
Revelations of Mind and Soul
I. The Outward and Inward.
II. Seven Mental States ....
III. Mind as a Motive and Moral Power.
IV. Liberty and Necessity
V. What is Truth?...
VI. A Spiritual Consideration of Physical Man
VII. The Soul in Man...
VIII. The Spiritual Body...
IX. The Spirit of Man...
The Harmonial Philosophy
BOOK IV
Death and the After-Life
I. Immortality and the Life to Come
II. Evidence of Immortality...
III. The Philosophy of Death...
IV. The Seven Spheres of the Spirit
V. Demonstration of the Summer Land.
VI. Celestial Rivers in Space...
VII. Constitution and Location of the Summer Land
VIII. Centres in the Summer Land
IX. Winter Land and Summer Land
X. Language in the Summer Land.
XL Travelling and Society in the Summer Land
XII. The Diakka and their Earthly Victims
XIII. Scenes in the Summer Land
XIV. Ultimates in the Summer Land.

\the book details :
Author: Andrew Jackson Davis was an American Spiritualist

Publication date:1923

Company: London: W. Rider

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Modern embroidery by Mary Hogarth -PDF book

2026-05-10T05:14:00.000+07:00

Modern embroidery by Mary Hogarth PDF book (1938) (rug hooking, embroidered panels)

It is generally recognized today, and strongly so in the United States, that technical skill is not in itself sufficient to produce work of distinction, but that a basis of good design is equally essential. While this has never been denied in the case of painting and sculpture, there has until recently been a tacit assumption that one or two "minor" arts, such as that of embroidery, could get along very well without much conscious design, — were, if anything, the better for it.

The art of the embroideress was judged rather by the cunning of her fingers than her eye, and anything supremely difficult of execution could be sure of praise, regardless of its meaning or use. Hence the increasingly debased repetition of "traditional" patterns by means of transfers — patterns, not designs.

It is not possible to get full satisfaction from work limited to the reproduction of worn-out ideas. Everyone is an artist to a greater or less degree, and it is the aim of this book to help its readers to discover their own powers. The dozens of examples from all over the world which it contains are the work of artists with the needle, but their artistry is of a kind within the reach of all intelligent people. There are hundreds of ideas here waiting for you to develop them into designs of your own as attractive, as useful, and as modern as these. The Editor desires to express his acknowledgments to the designers and embroiderers who have permitted their works to be reproduced in this book, and for their assistance in compiling the descriptions and in many cases preparing explanatory diagrams.
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The religion of Plato - PDF by Paul Elmer More

2026-05-10T04:59:00.000+07:00

The religion of Plato
The religion of Plat

In the Preface to my Platonism, I said that my purpose in publishing that work was to lay the foundation for a series of studies on the origins and early environment of Christianity and on various modern revivals of philosophic religion. Four years have passed since those lectures were delivered and printed, and the project which then stood rather vaguely before I has taken a more definite shape. My plan now is that the series — or better, perhaps, the core of the series — should consist of four volumes.

Of these the first is presented herewith; the second will deal with the Hellenistic philosophies, principally Epicureanism, Stoicism, and Neoplatonism; the third will be on Christianity, and the fourth will contain a number of essays on fundamental questions raised in the course of the foregoing studies.

As I have already observed, and may have to observe again, my intention is not at all to compose a history of Greek philosophy or of Christian dogma ; the work in these fields has been done thoroughly and repeatedly.

Nor am I concerned with ultimate origins. No doubt, to take the present volume, an exposition of Plato's sources would be exciting and would throw a clarifying light on some of his religious ideas; but this field also has been well covered, notably by Erwin Rohde.

Somewhere one must start, some restriction one must accept; and the inclusions and limitations imposed on the task here begun are determined by the fact that it is undertaken with a very definite thesis in view. Just what that thesis is it may be well to state at the outset in the fewest possible words.

details :
Author:Paul Elmer More

Publication date: 1921

Remark Princeton : Princeton University Press

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La Historia de la decadencia y ruina del Imperio Romano por Edward Gibbon - PDF libro

"La Historia de la decadencia y ruina del Imperio Romano" es una obra monumental escrita por el historiador británico Edward Gibbon. En este primer tomo, Gibbon nos sumerge en el apogeo del Imperio Romano y nos lleva a través de su lenta pero inevitable caída.

66 MB Volumen 1

Collected works of Mark Twain

Collected works of Mark Twain

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The autobiography and correspondence of Edward Gibbon (PDF)

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Might is Right - PDF by Ragnar Redbeard

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Collected works of Sigmund Freud -PDF books

The Collected Works of Sigmund Freud

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The business of writing - by Robert Cortes Holliday (PDF)-

The business of writing - A practical guide for authors

Elementary French (1922) PDF ebook by Fred Davis Aldrich

Elementary French; the essentials of French grammar

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The fairy tales of science -PDF by John Cargill Brough

The fairy tales of science

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Gran Compendio de Gramática Española: De la Lógica Latina al Habla Moderna

🎓 Gran Compendio de Gramática Española: De la Lógica Latina al Habla Moderna

Este post es una síntesis del viaje realizado a través de la obra de Eugene W. Manning (1891). Aquí no solo memorizamos reglas: entendemos la física del lenguaje.

Parts that I should study more.

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The women of Egypt - PDF by Elizabeth Cooper

The women of Egypt

collected works of Arthur Schopenhauer -PDF ebooks

Collected works of Arthur Schopenhauer

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Elementary Lessons in Logic - Deductive and Inductive by William Jevons - PDF book

Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive,

The book is written by William Stanley Jevons in 1870, is a comprehensive guide to the study of logic.

Collected works of William Walker Atkinson (occult and spirituality)

William Walker Atkinson

Homo-Sexual Life PDF by William J. Fielding

Homo-Sexual Life – William J. Fielding

William J. Fielding’s exploration of sexuality in Homo-Sexual Life reflects his broader mission as a popularizer of psychology and sexology in the early 20th century.

On the nature of things - PDF (1919) translated by Sir Robert Allison

On the nature of things

This book was published in 1919, it is a translation of the great poem "on the nature of things" by the Roman poet Lucretius who was a follower of Epicurus.

Excerpt from the Introduction:

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Biology For Beginners PDF by TRUMAN J. MOON

BLOLOGY FOR BEGINNERSREVISED EDITION (1926)

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Thinking as a science - PDF by Henry Hazlitt

Thinking as a science

Benjamin Franklin by by Paul Elmer More (PDF)

Benjamin Franklin

Sociological study of the Bible - PDF book by Louis Wallis

A sociological study of the Bible

Some contents:

Religion in evolution - by F. B. Jevons - PDF ebook

Religion in evolution

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Three contributions to the sexual theory (1910) By Sigmund PDF book

Three contributions to the sexual theory By Sigmund Freud

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The nervous life by G. E. Partridge (1911) PDF

The Nervous Life by G. E. Partridge (1911)

Table of Contents

The harmonial philosophy- PDF book by Andrew Jackson Davis

The harmonial philosophy

a compendium and digest of the works of Andrew Jackson Davis

Some contents:

Modern embroidery by Mary Hogarth -PDF book

"La Historia de la decadencia y ruina del Imperio Romano" es una obra monumental escrita por el historiador británico Edward Gibbon. En este

primer tomo, Gibbon nos sumerge en el apogeo del Imperio Romano y nos lleva a través de su lenta pero inevitable caída.

Might is Right
The survival of the fittes
Might is Right

BLOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS
REVISED EDITION (1926)