Concepts

There are several concepts about kick tolerance, but this article only deals with the concept of kick tolerance as the maximum kick volume.

Kick Tolerance is the maximum kick volume that can be taken into the wellbore and circulated out without fracturing the formation at weak point (normally at shoe depth), given a diference between pore density (equivalent) and the mud weight in use.

The maximum gas bubble height in the open hole can occur either at the bottom around the BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly) or when the volume is at its maximum when the gas reaches the the casing shoe.

Calculating the Gas Volume at shoe depth based on the Maximum Influx Height

Maximum Gas Volume at shoe = Hk,max x Annular Capacity DP and ID Hole)

1. Calculate V1 at bottom applying the Boyle’s Law: P1 x V1 = P2 x V2    (isothermal)

V1 = Vshoe x P,fracture / P,pore

2. Calculate V2 at bottom around the BHA with height equal to Hk,max, 

V2 = Hk,max x Cap,ann,bha

Calculating volumes for Hk,max in the Directional Wells

Boyle's Law

Normally, the formula used only considers Boyle's Law, without considering that there is a temperature variation from the bottom of the well to the depth of the casing shoe.

Gas Law and Gas Compressibility Factor

For natural gas, the gas law is best applied because there is temperature variation in the well and the gas has a compressibility factor different from 1. 

P x V = n x R x T x Z

P, Pressure

V, Volume

n, Number of moles

R, Constant

T, Temperature

Z, Compressibility Factor of the gas

In this case, the calculations considering the Gas Law:

V1 = (Vshoe x P,shoe) / (Tshoe x Z,shoe) x (Tpore x Z,pore / P,pore)

Kick Tolerance (Max Vol) application 

We develop an application with options to select temperature and/or the Z-Factor of the gas. It works with vertical wells and 3D directional wells.

Comparing Boyle's Law versus Gas Law

On vertical well, the result is not affected when the volume calculated at the bottom of the hole is smaller.

Using the Boyle's Law: 

Using the Gas Law: 

On directional well, the kick volume at the shoe depth converted to bottom of the hole is normally smaller and the result is affected when applying the Boyle's Law or the Gas Law.

Note: In this directional well, the shoe depth is in a vertical section. So, height and length of gas bubble can be equal in a directional well.

Using the Boyle's Law: 

Using the Gas Law: 

This post shows both steps of the volumetric method (1-wait for migration and bleed and 2-Lubricate and Bleed). 

Apps for iPhone, iPad and Mac (M series) to Practice these methods

App for procedure	App for simulation

Volumetric Method Application

This application uses the basic calculations of the Volumetric Method for both steps to control oil wells after the occurrence of kick during drilling operations on landing rigs (Onshore).

It is can be applied on the oilfield and also can help in the understanding of the Volumetric Method of well control.

Volumetric Method Simulator 

This is a basic well control simulator for training in Oil & Gas that simulates the control applying the Volumetric Method (and Lubricate and Bleed Method) after the kick detection during stripping out the drillstring on the drilling operations in the oil well.

This is a project also based on app "Kick Game 2" available in our portfolio like the Driller's Method Simulator and Wait and Weight Method Simulator. Like these apps, just surface parameters are displayed.

Features:

1. Interface based on Hydraulic Choke Panel.

2. Graph in full screen (with background color in black or white) for analysis.

3. Pre-recorded data sheet

4. Well Design with Casing + Open Hole without the Drillstring in the Wellbore.

6. Full features version with pause and digital gauges.

7. Method with Step by Step procedure to turn the exercise easy to practice.

App Store

These apps are available in our portfolio.

Please visit them by clicking on their respective links to see screenshots.

In our social networks there are many posts about volumetric method. For example:

Post about the Volumetric Method in Instagram

Post about the Lubricate and Bleed Method in Instagram

DISCLAIMER

These tools & materials are provided 'as is' without warranties of any kind, express or implied.

Please verify the tools provided by this application by yourself before you use them. Ensure you understand the impact of using these tools.

Any use you choose to make of these tools & materials is undertaken by you entirely at you own risk.

Our Website

Please visit our website for more details and other Oil & Gas Applications and for links to our profiles in social networks about well control.

www.wellcontrol.com.br

Apps for iPhone, iPad and Mac (M series)

Directional Well Planning	Directional Well Survey	Multilateral Directional Wells

These apps are an important and useful tool for the Oil & Gas community. By using them and sharing with your friends you are contributing to the viability of this project. Thanks

Directional Well Planning

This application provides an easy and useful tool for students and directional engineers to build, edit, calculate interpolations and plot 2D and 3D well planning using the Minimum Curvature Calculation Method.

It is necessary to import survey stations to plot.

This application does not normally edit survey stations. But it is still possible to edit only via CSV text.

The survey stations can be edited using our apps "Directional Well Survey" or "Directional Drilling" available in our portfolio.

The data files (*.ddf) including well planning and survey stations are compatible and can be shared via iCloud.

Directional Well Survey

This application provides an easy and useful tool for students and directional engineers to edit, calculate interpolations and plot survey stations of the horizontal and directional wells using the five calculation methods (tangential, balanced tangential, minimum curvature, radius of curvature, angle averaging).

This application does not normally edit well planning. But it is still possible to edit only via CSV text.

Multilateral Directional Wells

This application provides an easy and useful tool for students and directional engineers to plot until six 2D and 3D lateral wells using the Minimum Curvature Calculation Method.

This application does not normally edit well planning or survey stations. But it is still possible to edit only via CSV text.

The well planning can be built and edited using our app "Directional Well Planning" or "Directional Drilling".

The survey stations can be edited using our app "Directional Well Survey" or "Directional Drilling".

App Store

These apps are available in our portfolio.

Please visit them by clicking on their respective links to see screenshots.

Datafiles compatibility

The data files (*.ddf) including well planning and survey stations are compatible and can be shared via iCloud.

Importing data from Directional Wells

The well planning can be built and edited using our apps "Directional Well Planning" or "Directional Drilling" available in our portfolio.

The data files (*.ddf) including well planning and survey stations are compatible and can be shared via iCloud.

The well planning and survey stations can also be imported from CSV text files, for example:

"MD","INC","AZI","TVD","N/S","E/W"

"1000.0","0.0","0.0","1000.0","0.0","0.0"

"1100.0","3.0","10.0"

"1200.0","6.0","15.0"

...

The values can be "quoted" or unquoted and separated by:

- Comma: 1.00,2.00,3.00

- Semicolon: 1.00;2.00;3.00 or 1,00;2,00;3,00

- Tab: 1.00 2.00 3.00 (TSV file)

- Space: 1.00 2.00 3.00

Simulation:

Student 1: Driller on Drilling Simulator (iPhone version)

Student 2: Choke Control on Driller's Method Simulator (iPad version)

Drilling Simulator 3 

Feature:

Drilling Simulator 3 has an interface with the others apps "Driller's Method Simulator" and "Wait and Weight Method Simulator". These apps can be used as a Remote Choke to control the Drilling Simulator 3 when they are running on different devices nearby in the same network by wi-fi.

Driller's Method Simulator

Wait and Weight Method Simulator

For Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPad and Mac, please visit our websites at:

https://www.wellcontrol.com.br

Https://wellcontrol.blog

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Comparing BPP vs RPD in Drill Pipe Connections

MPD Simulator for iPhone and iPad

BPP is a auxiliary component of the MPD System to provide flow to maintain Back Pressure during low-flow events or pumps-off events, such as in drill pipe connections.

When the rig mud pump is being ramped down slowly for connection purposes, the back pressure pump is turned on and ramped up when the rig mud pump drops below a set point. Flow by choke varies causing greater pressure variations, requiring more attention from the operators.

RPD is a necessary component of the MPD System to maintain Back Pressure during drill pipe connections using the flow provided by the mud pumps of the rig. The flow by choke does not vary. Pressure variations are smaller.

For Oil & Gas apps for iPhone, iPad and Mac, please visit our websites at:

https://www.wellcontrol.com.br

Https://wellcontrol.blog

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Simulations

for iPhone and iPad

New version 3.0

for iPhone and iPad

Drilling, Kick Detection and Shut-In the well

Starting Circulation on Deepwater

New version 7.0

This app is an important tool for drilling operations (Oil & Gas). By buying it you are contributing to the viability of this project. Thanks

The Directional Drilling Survey provides the control of directional drilling of oil wells with calculations and plotting of well planning and survey data in vertical section, plan  view and 3D (x-y-z) view, calculations between two survey stations, easy tools to 2D and 3D wells and plot multilateral wells.

This is an academic project for petroleum engineering.

Please before you buy it, make sure this app will be useful to you. Visit our website and check the "User Guide".

This app was developed based in existing spreadsheets. There is no comparison with any other software.

Our goal was to create a very low-cost application with the help of experts to share with drilling engineers, technicians, drillers, students and teachers of drilling engineering.

There is no intention to replace the professional softwares.

You can contribute with suggestions for improvements, correcting the translation to english, reporting bugs and spreading it to your friends.

Features:

1. Well Planning with Multiple Sections (Minimum Curvature);

2. Ability to work with data files;

3. Directional Survey: Edit, Add, Insert and Remove Survey Data;

4. Calculations Methods:

- Tangential

- Balanced Tangential

- Minimum Curvature (default)

- Radius of Curvature

- Angle Averaging

5. Print Reports;

6. Survey Data Calculations in 5 methods;

7. Formulas of the Methods;

8. Ability to work with length units: foot and meter (metre);

9. Vertical Section View, Plan View and X-Y-Z plotting.

10. Ability to Multilateral wells plotting limited to 6 wells.

11. Easy tool to create 2D Wells (Type I, II and Horizontal).

12. Easy tool to calculate 3D sections on well planning.

13. Sharing data files via email, iCloud Drive, etc.

14. Import Well Planning (MD,Inclination,Azimuth) from CSV text format file;

15. Export Well Planning (MD,Inclination,Azimuth,Quadrant,TVD,HD,VSection,N/S,E/W,DLS,BUR,TRN) to CSV text format file;

16. Import Survey Data from CSV text format file;

17. Export Survey Table to CSV text format file;

18. Sharing data files with iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch via iCloud, iCloud Drive, AirDrop or email;

19. Interpolations in the Well Planning;

20. Interpolations in the Surveys Stations;

21. Ability to get a simulated survey (steps 10m, 30m, 100m or 100ft) from Well Planning interpolations;

22. Ability to resize views and to set fullscreen graphs in high-resolution.

for iPhone and iPad

The Drilling Hydraulics provides to driller, tool pushers, engineers, chemists, students and other professionals in the petroleum industry a productivity tool helpful in drilling of oil wells for hydraulics calculations, optimization of the penetration rate and can help on the decision on selection of bit nozzles. 

Well Features:

- Well Planning: Onshore or Offshore (riser, casing, liner and open hole). Vertical or Directional Type I.

- Drill string: 2 drill pipes, heavy weight, 2 drill collars, drilling motor and drill bit (w/ until 12 nozzles).

- Volume, capacity, strokes, hydrostatic and drilling hydraulics calculations;

Surface Equipment:

- 04 mud pumps

- Surface connections: standpipe, mud hose, swivel, top drive, kelly, stands

- Choke diameter

- Elevation system weight;

Directional Well:

- This app works with Directional Well Type I and Horizontal, only.

- For other features in directional wells, we recommend the "Directional Drilling Hydraulics" application available in our portfolio in the App Store.

Importing Data Files:

This app imports data files from other apps available in our portfolio on the App Store: "Drilling Simulator 1, 2 and 3", "Well Control Simulator", "MPD Simulator", "Kick Tolerance", "Leak-Off Test Simulator", "Kick Game" and "Well Control Methods"

New in version 2.0:

- Added compatibility with Dark Mode (iOS/iPadOS 13 or greater)

- improved the hookload calculation

- bug fixes

iPhone version:

iPad version:

Driller’s Method vs Wait and Weight Method

This post is to meet the several requests of our friends.

A comparison based in graphical analysis in simulations performed on app “Drilling Simulator 3”, using the iPad Pro version.

More details at our website www.wellcontrol.com.br

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#petroleum #oilfield #wellcontrol #drilling #oilandgas #gas #oilfields #oilrig #oilrigs #drillingrig #drillingrigs #oilgas #coiledtubing #drillship #oilandgasindustry #drillingengineering #engineering #spe #petroleumengineering #petroleumengineer #petroleumengineers #offshoredrilling #drillingoffshore #directionaldrilling #welldrilling

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Please visit the LinkedIn for a complete analysis at 

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/drillers-method-vs-wait-weight-deepwater-carlos-moura

Conditions for applying the Wait and Weight Method 

Considerations about this well control method

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Example performed in App "Drilling Simulator 3" for iPhone and iPad 

Directional Well : 
MD/TVD: 12000/8015 ft, 
Liner Shoe Depth: 6500/6261 ft, 
Kill Mud Volume to prepare: 812 bbl 

(Note: In this example was considered that all KMW volume was ready to start the Wait and Weight Method)

Wait and Weight Method on Vertical vs Directional

A Calculations comparison on both well types

On next slides:

Well Example on our App “Wait and Weight Method Worksheets” for iPad

Graph Example performed on our App “Well Control Simulator” for iPhone and iPad

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#petroleum #oilfield #wellcontrol #drilling #oilandgas #gas #oilfields #oilrig #oilrigs #drillingrig #drillingrigs #oilgas #coiledtubing #drillship #oilandgasindustry #drillingengineering #engineering #spe #petroleumengineering #petroleumengineer #petroleumengineers #offshoredrilling #drillingoffshore #directionaldrilling #welldrilling

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Vertical Well Example

Directional Well Example

App for iPad

New version 2.0 available on the App Store

New version with Dark Mode (iOS 13 or greater)

There are several concepts about kick tolerance, but this article only deals with the concept of kick tolerance as the maximum kick volume.

The our App “Kick Tolerance” for iPhone and iPad provides to drilling engineers, chemists, technicians, students and others professionals in the Oil & Gas industry a productivity tool helpful in drilling operation (well control) and planning phase of oil wells.

More details at www.wellcontrol.com.br

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APPS TO PRACTICE THE LEAK-OFF TEST:

• “Leak-Off Test” App for iPhone and iPad for analysis
• Perform a simulation with the App “Drilling Simulator 3” for iPhone and iPad

Please visit our website at:

www.wellcontrol.com.br

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App for iPhone, iPad and Mac

The Directional Survey 3D Interpolation app provides an useful tool to calculate projections TVD (True Vertical Depth), N/S and E/W coordinates, Horizontal Displacement, Dog-Leg Severity, Build-Up Rate (Angle Rate) and Turn Rate and also the Interpolation of this parameters between two well planning sections or survey stations defined by Measured Depth, Inclination and Azimuth as entry parameters in the directional drilling of oil wells.

Calculations Method: Minimum Curvature

Length Units: Foot and Meter (Metre)

Intensity Units: degree/100ft, degree/10m, degree/30m and degree/100m

It is available for iPhone, iPad and Mac

https://www.wellcontrol.com.br

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for iPhone, iPad and Mac

This app uses the formulas to calculate the survey parameters (diff of TVD, HD, N/S, E/W, DLS) between two stations of the methods:

1. Tangential

2. Balanced Tangential

3. Minimum Curvature

4. Radius of Curvature

5. Angle Averaging (Average Angle)

Also available the formulas of the methods.

It is available for iPhone, iPad e Mac

https://www.wellcontrol.com.br

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 for iPhone and iPad

This app provides the casing shoe depths calculations based on formation pore pressure gradient and fracture pressure gradient using both concepts "bottom-up" and "top-down" and also analysis of the kick effects on the casing setting.

This app was developed based in existent spreadsheets. There is no comparison with any other software.

Our goal was to create an application with the help of experts to share with drilling engineers, technicians, drillers, students and teachers of drilling engineering.

There is no intention to replace the professional softwares.

You can contribute with suggestions for improvements, correcting the translation to english, reporting bugs and spreading it to your friends.

Thanks

New in 2.0 version:

- Compatibility with newer iPhones and iPads

- Compatibility with newer iOS versions and iPadOS

- Compatibility com Dark Mode (iOS 13 or greater)

- Added several improvements

- Minor fixes

For iPhone and iPad

This is a basic drilling simulator that simulates drilling operations based in panels for drilling, kick detection, shut-in the well, stabilization of pressures and the choke operations during the well control operations using a hydraulic choke panel simulator.

This Well Control Simulator is an important tool for Well Control training in Oil & Gas to practice Driller's Method, Wait and Weight Method, Volumetric Methods, etc

New version 3.1 on the App Store

More details at www.wellcontrol.com.br

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Drilling Hydraulics (Basic)

App for iPhone and iPad
New version 1.1

Formulas and Calculations:

- Capacities and Volumes

- Mud Properties and Gradient

- Temperature Gradient

- Pressure Gradient

- Hydrostatic Pressure

- Mud Pump Output

- Hydraulics on Drill Bit nozzles

- Friction Losses (on borehole section)

- ECD - Equivalent Circulating Density

- Pressure with well closed (Kick/LOT/FIT)

Formulas:

- The factors/constants are calculated based on different units of measures.

Unit system with unit selected per parameter and setting of decimals. The factors in formulas are calculated based em units selected. This is very useful in Oil & Gas.

More details at www.wellcontrol.com.br

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designed for both iPhone and iPad

NEW VERSION 1.1

Drilling Simulator 3 (full version)

all of drilling simulator 2 PLUS: 

1 - until 03 single kick bubbles on the borehole simultaneously

2 – standpipe manifold and choke manifold with 02 chokes and straight through

3 – Complications: failures schedule with Random option: 

- Mud Pumps 1 and 2 “power end failure” or “fluid end failure”, 

- Chokes 1 and 2 “plugged” or “washed”, 

- One Drill Bit Nozzle “plugged” or “washed”

Drilling Simulator 3 LITE (This App)

all of drilling simulator 3 for 20 minutes of simulation: 

This is a limited version of the "Drilling Simulator 3" free for 20 minutes. This time is sufficient in this simulator for drilling until kick detection, shut-in the well, stabilization of pressures and to start the well circulation using a hydraulic choke panel to control.

Attention: Some features are disabled by default.

If you liked it, please share your experience!

Version 1.1 now available on the App Store

Well Control - Lubricate and Bleed Method

Apps for iPhone and iPad used to perform this method:

Calculations with our App “Volumetric Method”
Practical Simulation with our App “Drilling Simulator 3”

More details at www.wellcontrol.com.br

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New app for Complex Wells – 3D Directional

for iPhone and iPad 

. 

A useful tool for Oil & Gas students and professionals to calculate the Kick Tolerance on vertical and 3D directional wells. It provides a 3D well planning creation tool.

The Kick Tolerance provides to drilling engineers, chemists, students and other professionals in the petroleum industry a productivity helpful tool in the drilling operations (well control) and well planning step of oil wells. 

This application deals the concept:

- Kick Tolerance as Maximum Kick Volume.

The Kick Tolerance calculations as maximum kick volume can be applied on vertical and 3D directional wells.

It provides a 3D well planning creation tool like our app "Directional Drilling".

Compatibility with high resolutions screens of iPad Pro 12.9 inches and iPhone XS Max.

Please, you can contribute for improvements. Report bugs and suggestions to contact@wellcontrol.com.br

for iPhone, iPad and iPod touch

This app is a tool for application on deepwater drilling operations (Oil & Gas).

The slight increase in mud weight needed to offset the loss in hydrostatic pressure at bottom of the borehole when the riser is disconnected from the bop (emergency disconnection) and the hydrostatic pressure of the mud to the mud line into the drilling riser is replaced by the hydrostatic of the column of sea water.

Emergency disconnection can occur in blackout condition, failure of the dynamic positioning system, etc on drillship or semi-submersible platform.

It’s for iOS only

(iPhone, iPad and iPod touch)

Available on the App Store !

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designed for both iPhone and iPad

Drilling Simulator 3 (full version)

all of drilling simulator 2 PLUS: 

1 - until 03 single kick bubbles on the borehole simultaneously

2 – standpipe manifold and choke manifold with 02 chokes and straight through

3 – Complications: failures schedule with Random option: 

- Mud Pumps 1 and 2 “power end failure” or “fluid end failure”, 

- Chokes 1 and 2 “plugged” or “washed”, 

- One Drill Bit Nozzle “plugged” or “washed”

Drilling Simulator 3 LITE (This App)

all of drilling simulator 3 for 20 minutes of simulation: 

This is a Lite version of the "Drilling Simulator 3" with full features for 20 minutes. This time is sufficient in this simulator for drilling until kick detection, shut-in the well, stabilization of pressures and to start the well circulation using a hydraulic choke panel to control.

Attention: Some features are disabled by default.

If you liked it, please share your experience!

designed for both iPhone and iPad

Drilling Simulator 1:

– Drilling on vertical well, kick detection, shut-in, stabilisation of pressures (sidpp, sicp, kick volume), save to iCloud to import from other app "Well Control Simulator".

Drilling Simulator 2:

all of drilling simulator 1 PLUS Direcional and horizontal wells, well control using 01 choke and 01 single kick bubble on borehole and graphical analysis.

Drilling Simulator 3 (This App)

all of drilling simulator 2 PLUS: 

1 - until 03 single kick bubbles on the borehole simultaneously

2 – standpipe manifold and choke manifold with 02 chokes and straight through

3 – Complications: failures schedule with Random option: 

- Mud Pumps 1 and 2 “power end failure” or “fluid end failure”, 

- Chokes 1 and 2 “plugged” or “washed”, 

- One Drill Bit Nozzle “plugged” or “washed”

You can use our simulators for iPhone and iPad to practice this method:
- Drilling Simulator 3
- Well Control Simulator 2
- Well Control Simulator HD

App for iPhone and iPad

A Well Control Simulator
Kick Game based
App for iPhone and iPad