The White-crowned Pigeon is a large tropical pigeon found mostly in the Caribbean and parts of southern Florida. Known for its distinct white cap, this species may be an important seed disperser in its native habitats. Despite its striking looks and ecological role, the White-crowned Pigeon faces serious threats and is considered Near Threatened by the IUCN.

Adult White-crowned Pigeons are dark slate-gray overall, with a contrasting bright white patch on the top of the head. The neck often has a glossy green or purple sheen, and the bill is red with a white tip. They are about the size of the Rock Pigeon, with a longer tail and different head shape. Males and females look similar.

This pigeon species lives in coastal mangroves, hardwood hammocks, and tropical forests. It's most commonly found in the Caribbean islands, including the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. In the U.S., it breeds in the Florida Keys and southern tip of the Florida peninsula, but its presence there is more limited.

One of the most interesting things about White-crowned Pigeons is their reliance on two different habitats. They usually nest in remote coastal mangroves to avoid predators and human disturbance, but they travel inland to forage for food. Their diet includes the fruits and seeds of a wide variety of native trees and shrubs, including poisonwood, figs, and blolly. This feeding behavior makes them key players in maintaining tropical forest diversity.

Unfortunately, the White-crowned Pigeon faces several threats. Habitat loss is a major concern. Development and agriculture have reduced both nesting and foraging grounds. In Florida, for example, much of the native hardwood hammock forest has been cleared. Hunting also impacts populations in parts of the Caribbean, where pigeons and their squabs (babies) are still legally or illegally harvested.

These birds are also highly sensitive to human activity. Because they are so shy and need quiet areas for nesting, they are easily disturbed by noise or nearby development. Conservation efforts focus on protecting nesting sites and ensuring that feeding grounds remain intact and connected to each other. In some regions, hunting restrictions have been enforced to give the population a chance to recover.

White-crowned Pigeons are not often seen outside their range, so spotting one in southern Florida or the Caribbean can be a real treat for birders. They’re especially active during the breeding season from May to September, when they can be seen flying between their nesting and feeding areas.

If you’re lucky enough to live where these birds are found or are visiting the area, keeping an eye out for their strong, direct flight and that tell-tale white crown might reward you with a sighting. Supporting local conservation efforts and planting native trees can also help ensure these unique pigeons stick around.

As someone who grew up in Lake County, Illinois, I (Amy) could not be prouder of the County Board’s groundbreaking bird‑friendly ordinance passed in May 2025.  Lake County became the first place in the nation to pass a policy requiring new single‑family homes to include bird‑collision prevention measures. This forward‑thinking move follows successful commercial building rules adopted in June 2024 and marks a historic leap toward protecting our local bird populations.

Having watched and listened to birds since childhood, I know how deeply they enrich our community. Lake County lies along the Mississippi flyway and is Illinois’s most biodiverse county, so mitigating the roughly 1 billion U.S. bird deaths from window collisions annually (more than 40% at homes) matters a great deal there!

The ordinance wouldn’t exist without collaboration between the Planning, Building, and Development team in Lake County, and the Glass Collisions Program Director at ABC (American Bird Conservancy). Lake County birder and conservation advocate Donnie Dann was instrumental in the project; he first asked the county about adding such a policy to the books. Arthur and I fondly remember meeting Donnie at various Audubon related events back in the day.

The bird-safe new building requirements not only reflect local pride but also encourage a growing market for bird‑safe residential glass. As units begin construction this July, Lake County neighborhoods will become safer havens for migrating and resident species alike. It’s exciting to see how Lake County’s leadership is setting the standard—if we can show that bird‑friendly homes work there, other communities can follow.

Way to go, Lake County Illinois!

Read more about the ordinance here: 

• Lake County, Illinois Rules That Homes Must Prevent Bird Collisions – A National First
• County board passes ordinance requiring new homes to have bird-friendly features in Lake County 
• Bird-Friendly Building Design

Birds and Window Strikes

While birds are in danger of window strikes all year long, migration is typically the deadliest time of year for collisions. And the birds most likely to fall victim to a window strike are those that migrate at night, and call out while in flight. In 2022 the American Bird Conservancy identified the seven species that most frequently die from these crashes; you can learn more about some of them below, and read the full article here: These Seven Bird Species are Most Likely to Collide with Windows.

More resources:

• Getting Clear on Birds and Glass
• Window Strikes Are Even Deadlier for Birds Than We Thought
• Why Birds Hit Windows—and How You Can Help Prevent It

We’re thrilled to see Birdorable birds featured in a fun educational infographic related to an interesting study done by researchers at the University of Saskatchewan. The infographic is part of a public outreach effort to share results from a research project studying how wetlands in Prairie Pothole Regions support bird populations and biodiversity.

The study highlights how different types of wetlands provide essential habitat for a variety of bird species, and the special importance of small wetlands, which are unfortunately the type of wetland most vulnerable to degradation or loss. The research emphasizes how conserving a diversity of wetland types is key to supporting birds across the prairie landscape.

From dabbling ducks to shorebirds and secretive marsh birds, wetlands are home to some of our favorite Birdorable species—many of which make a cameo in the infographic! 

You can check out the full infographic here and peep some familiar feathered friends:
Biodiversity and Wetlands Infographic (PDF)

We're honored to have Birdorable birds helping to spread the word about conservation and the importance of wetland habitats.

A big thank you to the Prairie Water research team for using our artwork, and for giving Birdorable credit on the infographic. We love seeing our cute birds support science and learning! 

For more information on the study, follow these links:

• Prairie Water website
• Prairie Water on X

For the first time in nearly 40 years, the endangered Guam Kingfisher, known locally as the Sihek, has successfully laid eggs in the wild, marking a triumphant milestone in its recovery.

Nine juvenile kingfishers (four females and five males), hand-reared at zoo facilities across the United States and England, were released in September 2024 onto the predator-free Palmyra Atoll, a U.S.-protected nature preserve located about 1,000 miles south of Honolulu. The atoll's forests offer a safe reintroduction habitat for a species formerly extinct in the wild due to decimation brought on by invasive brown tree snakes on Guam. 

Within months, the birds paired up, established territories, excavated nests, and began hunting local prey. Three of the breeding pairs have now laid eggs, marking the first wild Guam Kingfisher eggs to be laid since the late 1980s! This is fantastic news for a species presumed to be extinct in the wild.

Though the birds are all young and inexperienced and their nesting attempt may not be successful, their efforts are being celebrated as a hopeful sign of ecological resilience.

The conservation effort is led by the global Sihek Recovery Program, involving institutions like The Nature Conservancy (TNC), U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and various zoos, including Brookfield in Chicago, the National Aviary, and Disney’s Animal Kingdom.

With a strategic goal of establishing ten breeding pairs on Palmyra, more Guam Kingfisher juveniles are slated for release this summer. Experts hope this self-sustaining wild population will eventually support reintroduction back to Guam.

This remarkable achievement underscores how collaborative conservation and predator-free sanctuaries can rescue species from extinction—and offer hope for their return to ancestral homelands.

Read more: 

• Biologists Rejoice as Extremely Rare Guam Kingfishers Lay Their First Wild Eggs in Nearly 40 Years
• Bird species lost from wild for almost 40 years lays first eggs on new island home

Birds are some of the most fascinating creatures on Earth, and when it comes to speed, they reach heights and velocities that leave other animals in the dust. Let’s dive into some fun facts about the fastest birds in the world, from supersonic hunters to featherlight flyers.

The Peregrine Falcon is the undisputed speed champion in the bird world. In a hunting dive known as a stoop, this bird can reach speeds over 240 mph (386 km/h). That makes it not only the fastest bird, but the fastest of all animals! (You may have heard of the speedy Cheetah, which with a sprint speed up to 75 mph, is the fastest land animal). Its streamlined body and stiff feathers reduce drag, while powerful flight muscles give it that incredible thrust. When it sees prey from high above, it tucks in its wings and plunges headfirst, aiming to strike at top speed.

Next up is the Golden Eagle. It’s not quite as fast as the Peregrine Falcon when diving, but it can still reach speeds around 150–200 mph (240–320 km/h) in stoops. It’s also one of the largest birds of prey, with a wingspan that can reach over seven feet. This size gives it great leverage and power, helping it glide and dive with impressive control.

Other fast-diving birds include the Saker Falcon (up to 200 mph) and the Gyrfalcon (up to 130 mph). 

The White-throated Needletail, a large species of swift, claims the title of fastest level flier. It can cruise at speeds of up to 105 mph (169 km/h) without ever having to dive. These swifts spend most of their lives in the air, even sleeping while on the wing. Their streamlined shape and long, narrow wings reduce drag and help them maintain prolonged, high-speed flights.

The Common Swift is another aerial marvel. It can reach speeds around 70 mph (112 km/h) during normal, level flight. These birds also spend almost their entire lives flying—eating, sleeping, and mating while airborne. They only touch down to nest. Their wings and tail are especially adapted for agile maneuvering, allowing them to dart and chase insects with precision.

Frigatebirds may not thought of as speedsters, but they’re masters of efficient, energy-saving flight. The Magnificent Frigatebird is one example. It can glide on thermals for hours without flapping, and its lightweight body and wing shape allow it to stay aloft with minimal effort. It can reach a top speed of around 95 mph (153 km/h), in part due to having the largest wing size per body weight of all bird species.

Another impressive flier is the Eurasian Hobby. This small falcon often reaches speeds up to 90 mph (145 km/h) when chasing dragonflies or small birds. Its high-speed pursuit capabilities make it a remarkable aerial hunter.

These birds have evolved their speed in different ways. Falcons rely on steep dives to pick up speed. Swifts and frigatebirds develop speed and endurance through streamlined bodies and specially designed wings. Eagles blend power and size, using their strength to dive swiftly too.

Speed isn’t just about velocity—it’s also about purpose. Falcons and eagles use it to catch prey. Swifts need speed to dodge and capture insects mid-air, and frigatebirds soar to find food far out at sea. Each species showcases how evolution shapes birds to meet their environmental needs.

For birdwatchers and backyard birders, observing these fast flyers can be thrilling. Falcons and swifts can appear as blurred streaks overhead, so using binoculars and scanning the skies regularly to spot these speedy birds. Look for falcons near cliff faces or tall buildings where they can build high nests for their stoops. Swifts will frequent open skies and sometimes roost in groups near urban areas or countryside.

These amazing speedsters show how birds push the boundaries of flight. Whether diving at incredible speeds or cruising non-stop for hours, their adaptations are a marvel of nature. Next time you glance up and see a swift darting by or spot a falcon silhouette on a building, you’ll know there’s more behind that blur—traits honed by evolution over millions of years!

We've talked about endemic birds a few times on this blog, notably during our recent Puerto Rico week, but we've never really explored exactly what it means to be endemic. Let's look into the meaning of endemism and birds!

When a bird is described as "endemic" to a region, it means that the species is naturally found only in that specific area and nowhere else in the world. Endemism occurs when a bird evolves in isolation, often on islands, mountain ranges, or other geographically restricted locations. These species may be highly adapted to the unique environment of their home region.

Islands are hotspots for endemic bird species. For example, the Galápagos Islands are famous for their endemic finches, which helped Charles Darwin develop his theory of evolution. Each finch species on the islands evolved different beak shapes depending on their food source, and none of them are naturally found anywhere else.

Hawaii is another place rich in endemic birds, like the ‘I‘iwi and the Nēnē. These birds evolved in isolation over thousands of years, adapting to the islands’ specific conditions. Unfortunately, many of Hawaii’s endemic birds are now endangered or extinct due to habitat loss, introduced predators, and diseases brought by non-native species.

Endemism isn't limited to islands. Mountain ranges, deserts, and other unique habitats can also host endemic species. For instance, the Ethiopian Highlands are home to several endemic birds, like the Ethiopian Bush-crow and the Abyssinian Catbird. These birds have adapted to high elevations and specific ecological conditions that aren't found elsewhere.

By the way, endemism doesn't necessarily refer to a species that lives in a tiny area. We can also say that a species is endemic to a state (like the Florida Scrub-Jay), a country (like the Red Warbler of Mexico), or even a continent (like many of Australia's birds). Most often, though, when we refer to an endemic bird, we are talking about a specialty found in a small range within one geographically designated area (most often a state, or a country).

Being endemic can make a bird species more vulnerable to threats. Because they have such a limited range, any change to their habitat—whether it's deforestation, climate change, or the introduction of invasive species—can have a big impact. Conservation efforts often focus on protecting endemic species because losing them means losing a piece of biodiversity that exists nowhere else.

Some endemic birds are iconic symbols of their regions. The Brown Kiwi is endemic to New Zealand and is deeply tied to the country's identity. The Philippine Eagle and the Cuban Trogon are both national birds of their respective endemic countries. These birds all play important roles in both local ecosystems and human cultures.

Birdwatchers often travel to see endemic species because their rarity adds excitement to birding trips. Endemic birds are a major draw for eco-tourism in regions like Madagascar, the Philippines, and New Guinea, where biodiversity is high and many birds are found only in specific habitats.

So, when you hear that a bird is endemic, it means that bird is a unique natural treasure of its region. These birds remind us how diverse and specialized life on Earth can be—and how important it is to protect their habitats so they can continue to thrive.

A recent study published in the journal Biology Letters documents how Sulphur‑crested Cockatoos in western Sydney, Australia, have developed a novel behavior: operating twist-handle public drinking fountains (“bubblers”) by gripping and turning the valve with their feet to access water. Researchers observed this behavior in an area that serves as a nighttime roost for approximately 100–150 birds.

Using remote video cameras, birds were recorded making 525 drinking attempts during the 44-day study, with around 70 % of the local cockatoo population participating; the birds achieved a 41 % success rate. The cockatoos showed remarkably organized “queuing” behavior (lining up and taking turns) when using the fountains as a group.

The researchers describe this as an urban-adapted local tradition, a cultural behavior that has socially diffused throughout the local flock. The study underscores how highly intelligent, opportunistic species like cockatoos adapt to and exploit human environments.

Scientists invite public participation through citizen science platforms like the Big City Birds app to document further novel behaviors. Anecdotal reports include cockatoos opening lunch boxes and knocking on classroom windows for food, highlighting their remarkable problem-solving capabilities and adaptability. Read more about these smart cockatoos and the study here: Cockatoos stun by learning human-like trick.

When you spot a bird with red eyes, it’s hard not to do a double take. While it might seem spooky or unusual, red eyes are perfectly normal for many bird species. From songbirds to waterbirds, eye color can vary a lot in the avian world. But why do some birds have red eyes? Let’s explore the reasons and highlight a few red-eyed species.

How do some birds have red eyes?

Eye color in birds is influenced by several different factors. Different pigment types, structural factors in the iris, and other criteria may contribute to eye color. In red-eyed birds, the red color often comes from blood vessels showing through a relatively unpigmented iris, or from pigments like carotenoids. These pigments can create various hues, including red, orange, or yellow, depending on their concentration and how light hits the eye. Differences in diet can also influence the pigments that determine eye color.

Why do some birds have red eyes?

Red eyes can serve different purposes depending on the species. For some birds, red eyes are a signal used in social interactions or mating displays. In others, it might help identify individual birds, or aid in camouflage. It might simply be a side effect of genetics with no major evolutionary function.

What are some birds with red eyes?

One of the most well-known red-eyed birds is the Red-eyed Vireo. This small songbird is found across much of North America during the breeding season. Its distinctive red eyes are set against a gray head and white underparts, making them stand out. Red-eyed Vireos are known for their persistent singing during the summer, often heard before they're seen.

Another common red-eyed species is the American Coot. These waterbirds have dark bodies, white bills, and bright red eyes that contrast sharply with their plumage. Unlike ducks, American Coots have lobed toes instead of webbed feet, which help them swim. The red eyes of coots may play a role in signaling during territorial or mating behavior.

The Wood Duck is another example, with males showing off striking red eyes that add to their already colorful appearance. In their case, red eyes might serve to attract mates by emphasizing their bold and flashy plumage.

Some grebes, like the Eared Grebe and Western Grebe, also sport red eyes. These aquatic birds are excellent divers, and their eye color may help enhance vision in darker conditions, such as underwater.

Interestingly, red eyes aren’t always present throughout a bird’s life. Some birds develop red eyes only as adults, and juveniles may have dark or brown eyes that change as they mature. This age-related color change might help birds recognize individuals of breeding age. For example, adult Black-crowned Night-Herons have red eyes; young birds have yellowish eyes.

There’s also variation even within a species. Not all individuals of a red-eyed species will have equally vivid red eyes. Light, diet, age, and even stress can affect how bright their eyes appear. Swallow-tailed Kites have varied eye colors between individuals. Some kites have red eyes, while others have dark brown eyes.

Though red eyes are striking, they’re just one example of the fascinating diversity of bird eye color. Birds can have yellow, orange, blue, white, or dark eyes, and each color might play a role in their behavior, ecology, or communication.

Next time you see a bird with red eyes, remember—it’s not scary. It’s just one of the many cool adaptations birds have evolved. If you'd like to learn more about eye color in birds, check out this article about eye color from the British Ornithologists' Union and this Audubon article: Bird Eyes Come In an Amazing Array of Colors.

Summer is the perfect time to grab your binoculars and hit the trail—or even just step outside into your backyard! Whether you're new to birdwatching or a seasoned birder, summer offers a chance to see some amazing birds in action. From colorful songbirds to sleek waterbirds, here’s a fun Summer Bucket List of 10 birds to look out for this season, plus where you're likely to find them. This list is aimed at our North American friends; if you'd like to see a similar list for another part of the world, please let us know!

American Goldfinch

These bright yellow birds are common across most of the United States and southern Canada. Look for them in weedy fields and backyards, especially where thistles grow. If you don't have American Goldfinches breeding where you live, try looking for House Finches, whose year-round range includes much of the United States, apart from the central mountain region.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

The only breeding hummingbird in the eastern U.S., they range from the Gulf Coast north to southern Canada. Attracted to gardens with flowers or nectar feeders, they’re a summer favorite. If you're out of their range, pick another native hummingbird to find, like the Black-chinned Hummingbird, widespread across the west. 

Barn Swallow

Found across almost all of North America during summer, Barn Swallows nest under eaves, bridges, and barns. Their acrobatic flight makes them easy to spot near open areas. For an added challenge, look for Chimney Swifts in the eastern half of the U.S., or White-throated Swifts in the west. These high fliers have similar traits -- see if you can learn the differences between these flying friends.

Eastern Bluebird

Common in the eastern half of the U.S. and parts of the Southwest during summer, Eastern Bluebirds prefer open country with scattered trees and nest boxes. If these blue beauties aren't in your neighborhood, try looking for Mountain Bluebirds, or Western Bluebirds.

Cedar Waxwing

These birds breed across most of southern Canada and the northern U.S., but can be seen throughout much of the continent in summer. Watch for flocks near fruiting trees and water. If you're south of their summer range, try finding another berry-loving species: the Northern Mockingbird.

Great Blue Heron

Great Blue Herons can be found along coasts, wetlands, and inland waterways across great parts of the continent. During the summer, these imposing waders are active and visible around lakes, marshes, and coastal shores. 

Belted Kingfisher

Found across most of North America near lakes, rivers, and coasts, these little fish-lovers are recognizable by their rattling call and mohawk-like crest. Watch for them diving headfirst into water to catch fish.

Western Tanager

This colorful cutie is a summer visitor to western North America, from California to British Columbia and the Rockies. Males are eye-catching with red heads and yellow bodies. They often stay high in the canopy, but their vivid colors can give them away. Out of range alternatives to look for: Summer Tanagers across the south and Scarlet Tanagers across the east.

Killdeer

Widespread in open areas across North America, these familiar plovers often nest on gravel rooftops or bare ground and are famous for their “broken wing” act to lure predators away from their nests.

Common Nighthawk

Seen across most of North America, only in summer, Common Nighthawks are active at dusk in both cities and open areas. Listen for their nasal "peent" call and watch for their erratic flight. As an alternative, you could try looking for a Black-crowned Night Heron.

Could you find all of these birds during the summer? Would you have to travel far to see them, or can you check them off in your yard, neighborhood, or nearby park? Could you find them all in a day? A week?

With a little luck and some time outdoors, hopefully you can check off several of these birds from your summer list. See how many you can find in your area and let us know how you do in the comments! Happy summer birding!

Feeding birds in the summer can be just as rewarding as in winter, but the warmer weather brings different challenges. Birds still appreciate easy access to food, especially during breeding season when they’re raising hungry chicks. However, it’s important to follow some summer-specific tips to keep your feathered visitors safe and healthy.

Do keep feeders clean

In the heat, food can spoil quickly, especially suet and fruit. Moldy or rotten food can be dangerous for birds. Clean your feeders every few days with a diluted bleach solution or hot soapy water, and rinse them thoroughly. Regular cleaning helps prevent the spread of disease, no matter the season.

Don’t offer suet in high heat

Suet can melt in warm weather, turning rancid and attracting pests like insects or rodents. If you want to offer high-fat foods, use no-melt suet cakes that are designed for summer use, or switch to alternatives like sunflower seeds or peanuts.

Do provide fresh water

Water is even more important than food during the summer. Birds need it for drinking and bathing to regulate their body temperature. A shallow birdbath, dish, or fountain can be a lifeline during hot, dry spells. Change the water daily and clean the container every few days to avoid mosquito breeding and algae buildup. Offering movement via a drip hose or mister can help keep the water fresher longer.

Don’t overload feeders

Only put out as much food as the birds will eat in a day or two. Excess food spoils faster in heat, and it can also attract unwanted animals. Store birdseed in a cool, dry place to prevent mold and keep insects away.

Do adjust feeder placement

Move feeders into shaded areas to slow spoilage and keep birds more comfortable while feeding. Avoid placing feeders in direct sunlight, especially during the hottest part of the day.

Do think about nesting birds

During summer, many birds are busy feeding their young. Offering live or dried mealworms and protein-rich food like black oil sunflower seeds can help support their growing families. Some species may even come to your yard just for these easy meals.

Don’t forget about native plants

Summer is a great time to supplement feeders with natural food sources. Native flowers, shrubs, and trees can provide nectar, seeds, berries, and insects. These natural foods support more species and contribute to a healthier ecosystem.

Feeding birds in summer requires a bit more attention, but it’s a great way to support wildlife during a critical time of year. By following a few simple dos and don’ts, you can keep your backyard visitors healthy, happy, and coming back for more.