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    <h1 class="legacy">Articles on Brexit</h1>

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        <h3 aria-level="2" class="border">Displaying 1 - 20 of 1753 articles</span></h3>
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<article data-id="277107" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="How Brexit reduced the City of London’s financial clout – new&nbsp;research" href="/how-brexit-reduced-the-city-of-londons-financial-clout-new-research-277107">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:50.0%;--background-color:#4b3730"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/726684/original/file-20260327-71-i8z98u.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=101%2C637%2C5497%2C2748&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=668&amp;h=334&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="726684"></div>
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            <span class="source" title="Source">Sven Hansche/Shutterstock</span>
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  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2026-03-30T14:51:40Z" data-format="tc_date">
        March 30, 2026
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    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/how-brexit-reduced-the-city-of-londons-financial-clout-new-research-277107">How Brexit reduced the City of London’s financial clout – new&nbsp;research</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/amr-saber-algarhi-1239862">Amr Saber Algarhi</a>, <em>Sheffield Hallam University</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adeola-y-oyebowale-1140070">Adeola Y. Oyebowale</a>, <em>University of Doha for Science and Technology</em></span>
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      <span>European financial power has realigned at a cost to the City of London.</span>
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</article>

            
<article data-id="276892" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="European Capitals of Culture: a diplomatic linchpin in an unstable&nbsp;world?" href="/european-capitals-of-culture-a-diplomatic-linchpin-in-an-unstable-world-276892">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#504537"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/720390/original/file-20260224-57-hq7y9j.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=2016%2C0%2C3999%2C3999&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="720390"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
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              Trenčín in Slovakia (pictured here with its castle on a hill), and Finland’s main port city Oulu jointly carry the 2026 European Capital of Culture crown.
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  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2026-02-25T15:40:17Z" data-format="tc_date">
        February 25, 2026
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      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/european-capitals-of-culture-a-diplomatic-linchpin-in-an-unstable-world-276892">European Capitals of Culture: a diplomatic linchpin in an unstable&nbsp;world?</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/maria-elena-buslacchi-1529456">Maria Elena Buslacchi</a>, <em>Aix-Marseille Université (AMU)</em></span>
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      <span>In a geopolitical landscape that is more and more fragmented, the European Capitals of Culture initiative and its evolving role in fostering diplomacy and unity are up for debate.</span>
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</article>

            
<article data-id="274687" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="How can Europe meet the challenge posed by the retreat of the&nbsp;US?" href="/how-can-europe-meet-the-challenge-posed-by-the-retreat-of-the-us-274687">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4c3829"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/718546/original/file-20260216-76-c8yd9z.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=972%2C0%2C3450%2C3450&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="718546"></div>
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            <span class="caption">
              Kaja Kallas addresses the Munich security conference.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">EPA/Ronald Wittek </span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2026-02-17T12:27:06Z" data-format="tc_date">
        February 17, 2026
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/how-can-europe-meet-the-challenge-posed-by-the-retreat-of-the-us-274687">How can Europe meet the challenge posed by the retreat of the&nbsp;US?</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/niall-oddy-2551912">Niall Oddy</a>, <em>The Open University</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Europe can manage without the US but it needs a reinvigorated conversation about its values.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="275387" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="The rise of ‘Merzoni’: How an alliance between Germany’s and Italy’s leaders is reshaping&nbsp;Europe" href="/the-rise-of-merzoni-how-an-alliance-between-germanys-and-italys-leaders-is-reshaping-europe-275387">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#493436"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/717510/original/file-20260210-96-kgliwj.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=1227%2C0%2C3647%2C3647&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="717510"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and  German Chancellor Friedrich Merz at an intergovernmental summit in Rome.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Massimo Di Vita/Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2026-02-11T13:43:05Z" data-format="tc_date">
        February 11, 2026
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/the-rise-of-merzoni-how-an-alliance-between-germanys-and-italys-leaders-is-reshaping-europe-275387">The rise of ‘Merzoni’: How an alliance between Germany’s and Italy’s leaders is reshaping&nbsp;Europe</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/julia-khrebtan-horhager-1327191">Julia Khrebtan-Hörhager</a>, <em>Colorado State University</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>The center of gravity in Europe is increasingly aligning along a Rome-Berlin axis.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="272480" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Whether it’s a ‘productivity puzzle’ or the ‘British disease’, the UK economy has been underperforming for&nbsp;decades" href="/whether-its-a-productivity-puzzle-or-the-british-disease-the-uk-economy-has-been-underperforming-for-decades-272480">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9b6655"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/710167/original/file-20251222-56-hs7czk.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=1225%2C0%2C4909%2C4909&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="710167"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Maridav/Shutterstock</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-12-24T14:40:47Z" data-format="tc_date">
        December 24, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/whether-its-a-productivity-puzzle-or-the-british-disease-the-uk-economy-has-been-underperforming-for-decades-272480">Whether it’s a ‘productivity puzzle’ or the ‘British disease’, the UK economy has been underperforming for&nbsp;decades</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/eoin-mclaughlin-986610">Eoin McLaughlin</a>, <em>University College Cork</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Economists have argued for decades about the best treatment for the UK’s persistent economic malaise.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="270388" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="The three spectres hanging over Rachel Reeves’ make&#8209;or&#8209;break budget" href="/the-three-spectres-hanging-over-rachel-reeves-make-or-break-budget-270388">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d352c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/704191/original/file-20251124-56-nnytco.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=921%2C0%2C3459%2C3459&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="704191"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              It’s time to talk about how the UK’s finances got so precarious.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">EPA/ANDY RAIN</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-11-24T16:35:36Z" data-format="tc_date">
        November 24, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/the-three-spectres-hanging-over-rachel-reeves-make-or-break-budget-270388">The three spectres hanging over Rachel Reeves’ make&#8209;or&#8209;break budget</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/renaud-foucart-844157">Renaud Foucart</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>These are the conversations the UK still refuses to have.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="265805" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="A contemporary history of Britain’s far right – and how it helps explain why so many people went to the Unite the Kingdom rally in&nbsp;London" href="/a-contemporary-history-of-britains-far-right-and-how-it-helps-explain-why-so-many-people-went-to-the-unite-the-kingdom-rally-in-london-265805">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#64a0a8"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/692453/original/file-20250923-56-ydtaj2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=1223%2C0%2C5762%2C5760&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="692453"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Protesters at the Unite the Kingdom rally mount a statue in London.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Alamy/Joanna Chan</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-09-24T12:10:13Z" data-format="tc_date">
        September 24, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/a-contemporary-history-of-britains-far-right-and-how-it-helps-explain-why-so-many-people-went-to-the-unite-the-kingdom-rally-in-london-265805">A contemporary history of Britain’s far right – and how it helps explain why so many people went to the Unite the Kingdom rally in&nbsp;London</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/aaron-edwards-2484688">Aaron Edwards</a>, <em>University of Leicester</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>The online radical right is turning a perennial problem into a moral panic.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="264065" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Nigel Farage and the political power of English&nbsp;grievance" href="/nigel-farage-and-the-political-power-of-english-grievance-264065">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d342e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/687989/original/file-20250828-76-yezhk4.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=1019%2C0%2C5035%2C5035&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="687989"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">EPA/Tolga Akmen</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-08-29T09:27:08Z" data-format="tc_date">
        August 29, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/nigel-farage-and-the-political-power-of-english-grievance-264065">Nigel Farage and the political power of English&nbsp;grievance</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ailsa-henderson-382124">Ailsa Henderson</a>, <em>University of Edinburgh</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-wyn-jones-98134">Richard Wyn Jones</a>, <em>Cardiff University</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>The Conservatives and Labour have allowed resentment to fester in the biggest part of the UK – and the only region not to have its own parliament.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="262285" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Why empty supermarket shelves make you uneasy – even if you don’t want the missing&nbsp;items" href="/why-empty-supermarket-shelves-make-you-uneasy-even-if-you-dont-want-the-missing-items-262285">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#524a36"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/683019/original/file-20250730-65228-oo7a7a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=504%2C0%2C3024%2C3024&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="683019"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Kauka Jarvi/Shutterstock</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-08-21T12:09:08Z" data-format="tc_date">
        August 21, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/why-empty-supermarket-shelves-make-you-uneasy-even-if-you-dont-want-the-missing-items-262285">Why empty supermarket shelves make you uneasy – even if you don’t want the missing&nbsp;items</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/dominik-piehlmaier-2445832">Dominik Piehlmaier</a>, <em>University of Sussex</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Product shortages can trigger memories of stressful times like Brexit and COVID.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="259834" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Jane Austen at 250: Why we shouldn’t exaggerate her&nbsp;radicalism" href="/jane-austen-at-250-why-we-shouldnt-exaggerate-her-radicalism-259834">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4c4933"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/684080/original/file-20250805-62-d37zc2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=616%2C0%2C1965%2C1965&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="684080"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Chatsworth House in Derbyshire, England, where the 2005 movie adaptation of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was filmed.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">(AP Photo/Alina Hartounian)</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-08-07T21:12:50Z" data-format="tc_date">
        August 7, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/jane-austen-at-250-why-we-shouldnt-exaggerate-her-radicalism-259834">Jane Austen at 250: Why we shouldn’t exaggerate her&nbsp;radicalism</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kerry-sinanan-2409835">Kerry Sinanan</a>, <em>University of Winnipeg</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Examining Austen as a radical genius misunderstands her art and misrepresents the imperial culture that she was part of.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="261074" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="3 reasons young people are more likely to believe conspiracy theories – and how we can help them discover the&nbsp;truth" href="/3-reasons-young-people-are-more-likely-to-believe-conspiracy-theories-and-how-we-can-help-them-discover-the-truth-261074">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d2f30"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/680554/original/file-20250717-64-yzhs40.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=350%2C0%2C899%2C899&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="680554"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">The Conversation</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-07-24T20:11:37Z" data-format="tc_date">
        July 24, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/3-reasons-young-people-are-more-likely-to-believe-conspiracy-theories-and-how-we-can-help-them-discover-the-truth-261074">3 reasons young people are more likely to believe conspiracy theories – and how we can help them discover the&nbsp;truth</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jean-nicolas-bordeleau-2377397">Jean-Nicolas Bordeleau</a>, <em>Flinders University</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>New research reveals people aged under 35 are more likely to believe conspiracy theories due to political alienation and  low self-esteem.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="258132" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Is strengthening the Canadian economic union another way for Ottawa to centralize&nbsp;power?" href="/is-strengthening-the-canadian-economic-union-another-way-for-ottawa-to-centralize-power-258132">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4c352d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/672330/original/file-20250604-56-itipy5.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=536%2C0%2C1995%2C1995&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="672330"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Left to right: Manitoba Premier Wab Kinew, Prime Minister Mark Carney, Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston, Québec Premier François Legault, New Brunswick Premier Susan Holt and Northwest Territories Premier R.J. Simpson during the first ministers meeting in Saskatoon on June 2, 2025.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">THE CANADIAN PRESS/Liam Richards</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-06-08T12:07:00Z" data-format="tc_date">
        June 8, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/is-strengthening-the-canadian-economic-union-another-way-for-ottawa-to-centralize-power-258132">Is strengthening the Canadian economic union another way for Ottawa to centralize&nbsp;power?</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/alain-g-gagnon-2285614">Alain-G. Gagnon</a>, <em>Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Mark Carney aims to create of a highly integrated Canadian economy. But will the provinces have their say and will they be considered true partners?</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="257555" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="In the trade wars, there are lessons for the US from Brexit. Australia and our trading partners should take&nbsp;note" href="/in-the-trade-wars-there-are-lessons-for-the-us-from-brexit-australia-and-our-trading-partners-should-take-note-257555">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#5f353c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/671444/original/file-20250602-56-gdankf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=387%2C0%2C3639%2C3639&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="671444"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">General_4530/Getty</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-06-03T20:29:45Z" data-format="tc_date">
        June 3, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/in-the-trade-wars-there-are-lessons-for-the-us-from-brexit-australia-and-our-trading-partners-should-take-note-257555">In the trade wars, there are lessons for the US from Brexit. Australia and our trading partners should take&nbsp;note</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/peter-draper-459303">Peter Draper</a>, <em>University of Adelaide</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Amid the chaos of Trump’s tariff wars, there is an opening for Australia to seize the moment with new trade partnerships.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="257158" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="How the UK&#8209;EU deal turns the page on Brexit – and what happens&nbsp;next" href="/how-the-uk-eu-deal-turns-the-page-on-brexit-and-what-happens-next-257158">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#5e4730"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/669345/original/file-20250521-56-txckqx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=999%2C0%2C4001%2C4000&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="669345"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              European Council President Antonio Costa, Prime Minister Keir Starmer and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen give a press conference.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Neil Hall/EPA-EFE</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-05-21T16:56:16Z" data-format="tc_date">
        May 21, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/how-the-uk-eu-deal-turns-the-page-on-brexit-and-what-happens-next-257158">How the UK&#8209;EU deal turns the page on Brexit – and what happens&nbsp;next</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/magdalena-frennhoff-larsen-278956">Magdalena Frennhoff Larsén</a>, <em>University of Westminster</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>These negotiations are less consequential and backed by strong political will from both sides.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="256628" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="The UK might have accepted the idea of youth mobility with the EU, but it’s not happening any time&nbsp;soon" href="/the-uk-might-have-accepted-the-idea-of-youth-mobility-with-the-eu-but-its-not-happening-any-time-soon-256628">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9d6b57"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/668998/original/file-20250520-56-28kstg.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=751%2C0%2C2537%2C2536&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="668998"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">View Apart/Shutterstock</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-05-20T13:16:23Z" data-format="tc_date">
        May 20, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/the-uk-might-have-accepted-the-idea-of-youth-mobility-with-the-eu-but-its-not-happening-any-time-soon-256628">The UK might have accepted the idea of youth mobility with the EU, but it’s not happening any time&nbsp;soon</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/simon-usherwood-93719">Simon Usherwood</a>, <em>The Open University</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>There’s still a very long way to go before anyone gets to use the scheme in practice.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="250956" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="How Brexit hardened attitudes about the Irish border – and why things might be&nbsp;changing" href="/how-brexit-hardened-attitudes-about-the-irish-border-and-why-things-might-be-changing-250956">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#574530"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/661710/original/file-20250414-92-ve41az.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C2474%2C2474&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="661710"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Jonny McCullagh/Shutterstock</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-04-17T15:41:10Z" data-format="tc_date">
        April 17, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/how-brexit-hardened-attitudes-about-the-irish-border-and-why-things-might-be-changing-250956">How Brexit hardened attitudes about the Irish border – and why things might be&nbsp;changing</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/catriona-shelly-2311396">Catriona Shelly</a>, <em>University of Limerick</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/orla-muldoon-1526543">Orla Muldoon</a>, <em>Queen&#39;s University Belfast</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Despite its many flaws, Brexit may have paved the way for a more constructive conversation about Northern Ireland’s future.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="249216" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Keir Starmer takes first steps in UK&#8209;EU ‘reset’ – can he get the deal he&nbsp;wants?" href="/keir-starmer-takes-first-steps-in-uk-eu-reset-can-he-get-the-deal-he-wants-249216">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#5e482b"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/647478/original/file-20250206-16-a95p6w.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=497%2C0%2C2856%2C2856&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="647478"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Keir Starmer meets European council president Antonio Costa in Brussels.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Olivier Hoslet/EPA-EFE</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-07T14:53:27Z" data-format="tc_date">
        February 7, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/keir-starmer-takes-first-steps-in-uk-eu-reset-can-he-get-the-deal-he-wants-249216">Keir Starmer takes first steps in UK&#8209;EU ‘reset’ – can he get the deal he&nbsp;wants?</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/magdalena-frennhoff-larsen-278956">Magdalena Frennhoff Larsén</a>, <em>University of Westminster</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>A more coordinated EU-UK response would have greater impact, whether it is about supporting Ukraine, tackling cross-border crime or increasing energy security.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="247704" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Calls for Rachel Reeves to quit as chancellor are overblown – but they highlight what her real problems&nbsp;are" href="/calls-for-rachel-reeves-to-quit-as-chancellor-are-overblown-but-they-highlight-what-her-real-problems-are-247704">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#50352a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/643202/original/file-20250117-17-eux2ig.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=382%2C0%2C2579%2C2579&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="643202"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              UK chancellor Rachel Reeves came under heat for attending trade talks in China amid troubling economic headlines.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Aaron Favila/Associated Press/Alamy Stock Photo</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-17T15:38:02Z" data-format="tc_date">
        January 17, 2025
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/calls-for-rachel-reeves-to-quit-as-chancellor-are-overblown-but-they-highlight-what-her-real-problems-are-247704">Calls for Rachel Reeves to quit as chancellor are overblown – but they highlight what her real problems&nbsp;are</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/despina-alexiadou-965009">Despina Alexiadou</a>, <em>University of Strathclyde </em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>The chancellor is weathering choppy economic waters – but the roots of these date back much further than Reeves’ time in the job.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="242364" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Bresignation: British people are ready to turn a page on the EU referendum&nbsp;vote" href="/bresignation-british-people-are-ready-to-turn-a-page-on-the-eu-referendum-vote-242364">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#252e54"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/629346/original/file-20241031-21-gacjsm.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=1049%2C710%2C2794%2C2794&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="629346"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Shutterstock/Valentina Petrova/AP</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-19T17:18:09Z" data-format="tc_date">
        November 19, 2024
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/bresignation-british-people-are-ready-to-turn-a-page-on-the-eu-referendum-vote-242364">Bresignation: British people are ready to turn a page on the EU referendum&nbsp;vote</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/miriam-sorace-2248784">Miriam Sorace</a>, <em>University of Reading</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>The British public has moved beyond wanting to relitigate the Brexit referendum, making now a good time to reset relations with Brussels.</span>
    </div>
</article>

            
<article data-id="233585" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
    <figure>
      <a class="article-link" aria-label="Starmer must seize the chance to rethink the UK&#8209;Europe relationship – here’s how he can do&nbsp;it" href="/starmer-must-seize-the-chance-to-rethink-the-uk-europe-relationship-heres-how-he-can-do-it-233585">
        <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#2c3652"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/604356/original/file-20240702-19-5raaja.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;rect=445%2C0%2C1080%2C1080&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=240&amp;h=240&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="604356"></div>
</a>        <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Keir Starmer will look to address the UK’s relationship with the EU.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Alamy/Richard Lincoln</span>
        </figcaption>
    </figure>

  <header>
      <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-08T09:32:26Z" data-format="tc_date">
        July 8, 2024
      </time>


    <div class="article--header">
      <h2 aria-level="3"><a href="/starmer-must-seize-the-chance-to-rethink-the-uk-europe-relationship-heres-how-he-can-do-it-233585">Starmer must seize the chance to rethink the UK&#8209;Europe relationship – here’s how he can do&nbsp;it</a></h2>

        <p class="byline">
          <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nick-whittaker-1445874">Nick Whittaker</a>, <em>University of Sussex</em></span>
        </p>
    </div>
  </header>


    <div class="content">
      <span>Migration and trade are two areas where Britain could have a leadership role in Europe.</span>
    </div>
</article>

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0!==i.keySeparator?i.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:r,namespaces:a}=this.extractFromKey(e[e.length-1],i),l=a[a.length-1];let c=void 0!==i.nsSeparator?i.nsSeparator:this.options.nsSeparator;void 0===c&&(c=":");const h=i.lng||this.language,p=i.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if("cimode"===h?.toLowerCase())return p?n?{res:`${l}${c}${r}`,usedKey:r,exactUsedKey:r,usedLng:h,usedNS:l,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(i)}:`${l}${c}${r}`:n?{res:r,usedKey:r,exactUsedKey:r,usedLng:h,usedNS:l,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(i)}:r;const d=this.resolve(e,i);let g=d?.res;const f=d?.usedKey||r,m=d?.exactUsedKey||r,y=void 0!==i.joinArrays?i.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,v=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject,b=void 0!==i.count&&!u(i.count),x=F.hasDefaultValue(i),k=b?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(h,i.count,i):"",S=i.ordinal&&b?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(h,i.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",O=b&&!i.ordinal&&0===i.count,w=O&&i[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||i[`defaultValue${k}`]||i[`defaultValue${S}`]||i.defaultValue;let L=g;v&&!g&&x&&(L=w);const P=V(L),j=Object.prototype.toString.apply(L);if(!(v&&L&&P&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(j)<0)||u(y)&&Array.isArray(L))if(v&&u(y)&&Array.isArray(g))g=g.join(y),g&&(g=this.extendTranslation(g,e,i,s));else{let t=!1,n=!1;!this.isValidLookup(g)&&x&&(t=!0,g=w),this.isValidLookup(g)||(n=!0,g=r);const a=(i.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&n?void 0:g,u=x&&w!==g&&this.options.updateMissing;if(n||t||u){if(this.logger.log(u?"updateKey":"missingKey",h,l,r,u?w:g),o){const e=this.resolve(r,{...i,keySeparator:!1});e&&e.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let e=[];const t=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,i.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&t&&t[0])for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++)e.push(t[s]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(i.lng||this.language):e.push(i.lng||this.language);const s=(e,t,s)=>{const n=x&&s!==g?s:a;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(e,l,t,n,u,i):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(e,l,t,n,u,i),this.emit("missingKey",e,l,t,g)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&b?e.forEach((e=>{const t=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(e,i);O&&i[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&t.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&t.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),t.forEach((t=>{s([e],r+t,i[`defaultValue${t}`]||w)}))})):s(e,r,w))}g=this.extendTranslation(g,e,i,d,s),n&&g===r&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(g=`${l}${c}${r}`),(n||t)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(g=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${l}${c}${r}`:r,t?g:void 0,i))}else{if(!i.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const e=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(f,L,{...i,ns:a}):`key '${r} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return n?(d.res=e,d.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(i),d):e}if(o){const e=Array.isArray(L),t=e?[]:{},s=e?m:f;for(const e in L)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(L,e)){const n=`${s}${o}${e}`;t[e]=x&&!g?this.translate(n,{...i,defaultValue:V(w)?w[e]:void 0,joinArrays:!1,ns:a}):this.translate(n,{...i,joinArrays:!1,ns:a}),t[e]===n&&(t[e]=L[e])}g=t}}return n?(d.res=g,d.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(i),d):g}extendTranslation(e,t,s,i,n){if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)e=this.i18nFormat.parse(e,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...s},s.lng||this.language||i.usedLng,i.usedNS,i.usedKey,{resolved:i});else if(!s.skipInterpolation){s.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...s,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...s.interpolation}});const o=u(e)&&(void 0!==s?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?s.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let r;if(o){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);r=t&&t.length}let a=s.replace&&!u(s.replace)?s.replace:s;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(a={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...a}),e=this.interpolator.interpolate(e,a,s.lng||this.language||i.usedLng,s),o){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);r<(t&&t.length)&&(s.nest=!1)}!s.lng&&i&&i.res&&(s.lng=this.language||i.usedLng),!1!==s.nest&&(e=this.interpolator.nest(e,((...e)=>n?.[0]!==e[0]||s.context?this.translate(...e,t):(this.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${e[0]} in key: ${t[0]}`),null)),s)),s.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const o=s.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,r=u(o)?[o]:o;return null!=e&&r?.length&&!1!==s.applyPostProcessor&&(e=E.handle(r,e,t,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...i,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(s)},...s}:s,this)),e}resolve(e,t={}){let s,i,n,o,r;return u(e)&&(e=[e]),Array.isArray(e)&&(e=e.map((e=>"function"==typeof e?A(e,{...this.options,...t}):e))),e.forEach((e=>{if(this.isValidLookup(s))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(e,t),l=a.key;i=l;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const h=void 0!==t.count&&!u(t.count),p=h&&!t.ordinal&&0===t.count,d=void 0!==t.context&&(u(t.context)||"number"==typeof t.context)&&""!==t.context,g=t.lngs?t.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t.lng||this.language,t.fallbackLng);c.forEach((e=>{this.isValidLookup(s)||(r=e,I[`${g[0]}-${e}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(r)||(I[`${g[0]}-${e}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${i}" for languages "${g.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${r}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),g.forEach((i=>{if(this.isValidLookup(s))return;o=i;const r=[l];if(this.i18nFormat?.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(r,l,i,e,t);else{let e;h&&(e=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(i,t.count,t));const s=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,n=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(h&&(t.ordinal&&0===e.indexOf(n)&&r.push(l+e.replace(n,this.options.pluralSeparator)),r.push(l+e),p&&r.push(l+s)),d){const i=`${l}${this.options.contextSeparator||"_"}${t.context}`;r.push(i),h&&(t.ordinal&&0===e.indexOf(n)&&r.push(i+e.replace(n,this.options.pluralSeparator)),r.push(i+e),p&&r.push(i+s))}}let a;for(;a=r.pop();)this.isValidLookup(s)||(n=a,s=this.getResource(i,e,a,t))})))}))})),{res:s,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:n,usedLng:o,usedNS:r}}isValidLookup(e){return!(void 0===e||!this.options.returnNull&&null===e||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===e)}getResource(e,t,s,i={}){return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(e,t,s,i):this.resourceStore.getResource(e,t,s,i)}getUsedParamsDetails(e={}){const t=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],s=e.replace&&!u(e.replace);let i=s?e.replace:e;if(s&&void 0!==e.count&&(i.count=e.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(i={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...i}),!s){i={...i};for(const e of t)delete i[e]}return i}static hasDefaultValue(e){const t="defaultValue";for(const s in e)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,s)&&t===s.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==e[s])return!0;return!1}}class D{constructor(e){this.options=e,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=$.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(e){if(!(e=P(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const t=e.split("-");return 2===t.length?null:(t.pop(),"x"===t[t.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(t.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(e){if(!(e=P(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return e;const t=e.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(t[0])}formatLanguageCode(e){if(u(e)&&e.indexOf("-")>-1){let t;try{t=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(e)[0]}catch(e){}return t&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(t=t.toLowerCase()),t||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?e.toLowerCase():e)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?e.toLowerCase():e}isSupportedCode(e){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(e=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(e)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(e){if(!e)return null;let t;return e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.formatLanguageCode(e);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(s)||(t=s)})),!t&&this.options.supportedLngs&&e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.getScriptPartFromCode(e);if(this.isSupportedCode(s))return t=s;const i=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e);if(this.isSupportedCode(i))return t=i;t=this.options.supportedLngs.find((e=>e===i?e:e.indexOf("-")<0&&i.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:e.indexOf("-")>0&&i.indexOf("-")<0&&e.substring(0,e.indexOf("-"))===i||0===e.indexOf(i)&&i.length>1?e:void 0))})),t||(t=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),t}getFallbackCodes(e,t){if(!e)return[];if("function"==typeof e&&(e=e(t)),u(e)&&(e=[e]),Array.isArray(e))return e;if(!t)return e.default||[];let s=e[t];return s||(s=e[this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.formatLanguageCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e.default),s||[]}toResolveHierarchy(e,t){const s=this.getFallbackCodes((!1===t?[]:t)||this.options.fallbackLng||[],e),i=[],n=e=>{e&&(this.isSupportedCode(e)?i.push(e):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${e}`))};return u(e)&&(e.indexOf("-")>-1||e.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))):u(e)&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),s.forEach((e=>{i.indexOf(e)<0&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e))})),i}}const M={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},H={select:e=>1===e?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class U{constructor(e,t={}){this.languageUtils=e,this.options=t,this.logger=$.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(e,t={}){const s=P("dev"===e?"en":e),i=t.ordinal?"ordinal":"cardinal",n=JSON.stringify({cleanedCode:s,type:i});if(n in this.pluralRulesCache)return this.pluralRulesCache[n];let o;try{o=new Intl.PluralRules(s,{type:i})}catch(s){if("undefined"==typeof Intl)return this.logger.error("No Intl support, please use an Intl polyfill!"),H;if(!e.match(/-|_/))return H;const i=this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(e);o=this.getRule(i,t)}return this.pluralRulesCache[n]=o,o}needsPlural(e,t={}){let s=this.getRule(e,t);return s||(s=this.getRule("dev",t)),s?.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.length>1}getPluralFormsOfKey(e,t,s={}){return this.getSuffixes(e,s).map((e=>`${t}${e}`))}getSuffixes(e,t={}){let s=this.getRule(e,t);return s||(s=this.getRule("dev",t)),s?s.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.sort(((e,t)=>M[e]-M[t])).map((e=>`${this.options.prepend}${t.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${e}`)):[]}getSuffix(e,t,s={}){const i=this.getRule(e,s);return i?`${this.options.prepend}${s.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${i.select(t)}`:(this.logger.warn(`no plural rule found for: ${e}`),this.getSuffix("dev",t,s))}}const K=(e,t,s,i=".",n=!0)=>{let o=((e,t,s)=>{const i=v(e,s);return void 0!==i?i:v(t,s)})(e,t,s);return!o&&n&&u(s)&&(o=L(e,s,i),void 0===o&&(o=L(t,s,i))),o},z=e=>e.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");class B{constructor(e={}){this.logger=$.create("interpolator"),this.options=e,this.format=e?.interpolation?.format||(e=>e),this.init(e)}init(e={}){e.interpolation||(e.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:t,escapeValue:s,useRawValueToEscape:i,prefix:n,prefixEscaped:o,suffix:r,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:l,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:u,nestingPrefix:h,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:d,nestingSuffixEscaped:g,nestingOptionsSeparator:f,maxReplaces:m,alwaysFormat:y}=e.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==t?t:S,this.escapeValue=void 0===s||s,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==i&&i,this.prefix=n?x(n):o||"{{",this.suffix=r?x(r):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=l||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":u||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=h?x(h):p||x("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=d?x(d):g||x(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=f||",",this.maxReplaces=m||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==y&&y,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const e=(e,t)=>e?.source===t?(e.lastIndex=0,e):new RegExp(t,"g");this.regexp=e(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=e(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=e(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}((?:[^()"']+|"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|\\((?:[^()]|"[^"]*"|'[^']*')*\\))*?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(e,t,s,i){let n,o,r;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},l=e=>{if(e.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const n=K(t,a,e,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(n,void 0,s,{...i,...t,interpolationkey:e}):n}const n=e.split(this.formatSeparator),o=n.shift().trim(),r=n.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(K(t,a,o,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),r,s,{...i,...t,interpolationkey:o})};this.resetRegExp();const c=i?.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,h=void 0!==i?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?i.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:e=>z(e)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:e=>this.escapeValue?z(this.escape(e)):z(e)}].forEach((t=>{for(r=0;n=t.regex.exec(e);){const s=n[1].trim();if(o=l(s),void 0===o)if("function"==typeof c){const t=c(e,n,i);o=u(t)?t:""}else if(i&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,s))o="";else{if(h){o=n[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${s} for interpolating ${e}`),o=""}else u(o)||this.useRawValueToEscape||(o=p(o));const a=t.safeValue(o);if(e=e.replace(n[0],a),h?(t.regex.lastIndex+=o.length,t.regex.lastIndex-=n[0].length):t.regex.lastIndex=0,r++,r>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),e}nest(e,t,s={}){let i,n,o;const r=(e,t)=>{const s=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(e.indexOf(s)<0)return e;const i=e.split(new RegExp(`${x(s)}[ ]*{`));let n=`{${i[1]}`;e=i[0],n=this.interpolate(n,o);const r=n.match(/'/g),a=n.match(/"/g);((r?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||(a?.length??0)%2!=0)&&(n=n.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(n),t&&(o={...t,...o})}catch(t){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${e}`,t),`${e}${s}${n}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,e};for(;i=this.nestingRegexp.exec(e);){let a=[];o={...s},o=o.replace&&!u(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;const l=/{.*}/.test(i[1])?i[1].lastIndexOf("}")+1:i[1].indexOf(this.formatSeparator);if(-1!==l&&(a=i[1].slice(l).split(this.formatSeparator).map((e=>e.trim())).filter(Boolean),i[1]=i[1].slice(0,l)),n=t(r.call(this,i[1].trim(),o),o),n&&i[0]===e&&!u(n))return n;u(n)||(n=p(n)),n||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${i[1]} for nesting ${e}`),n=""),a.length&&(n=a.reduce(((e,t)=>this.format(e,t,s.lng,{...s,interpolationkey:i[1].trim()})),n.trim())),e=e.replace(i[0],n),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return e}}const _=e=>{const t={};return(s,i,n)=>{let o=n;n&&n.interpolationkey&&n.formatParams&&n.formatParams[n.interpolationkey]&&n[n.interpolationkey]&&(o={...o,[n.interpolationkey]:void 0});const r=i+JSON.stringify(o);let a=t[r];return a||(a=e(P(i),n),t[r]=a),a(s)}},q=e=>(t,s,i)=>e(P(s),i)(t);class J{constructor(e={}){this.logger=$.create("formatter"),this.options=e,this.init(e)}init(e,t={interpolation:{}}){this.formatSeparator=t.interpolation.formatSeparator||",";const s=t.cacheInBuiltFormats?_:q;this.formats={number:s(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),currency:s(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t,style:"currency"});return e=>s.format(e)})),datetime:s(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),relativetime:s(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e,t.range||"day")})),list:s(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.ListFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)}))}}add(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=t}addCached(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=_(t)}format(e,t,s,i={}){const n=t.split(this.formatSeparator);if(n.length>1&&n[0].indexOf("(")>1&&n[0].indexOf(")")<0&&n.find((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1))){const e=n.findIndex((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1));n[0]=[n[0],...n.splice(1,e)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return n.reduce(((e,t)=>{const{formatName:n,formatOptions:o}=(e=>{let t=e.toLowerCase().trim();const s={};if(e.indexOf("(")>-1){const i=e.split("(");t=i[0].toLowerCase().trim();const n=i[1].substring(0,i[1].length-1);"currency"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.currency||(s.currency=n.trim()):"relativetime"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.range||(s.range=n.trim()):n.split(";").forEach((e=>{if(e){const[t,...i]=e.split(":"),n=i.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),o=t.trim();s[o]||(s[o]=n),"false"===n&&(s[o]=!1),"true"===n&&(s[o]=!0),isNaN(n)||(s[o]=parseInt(n,10))}}))}return{formatName:t,formatOptions:s}})(t);if(this.formats[n]){let t=e;try{const r=i?.formatParams?.[i.interpolationkey]||{},a=r.locale||r.lng||i.locale||i.lng||s;t=this.formats[n](e,a,{...o,...i,...r})}catch(e){this.logger.warn(e)}return t}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${n}`),e}),e)}}class X extends C{constructor(e,t,s,i={}){super(),this.backend=e,this.store=t,this.services=s,this.languageUtils=s.languageUtils,this.options=i,this.logger=$.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=i.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=i.maxRetries>=0?i.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=i.retryTimeout>=1?i.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(s,i.backend,i)}queueLoad(e,t,s,i){const n={},o={},r={},a={};return e.forEach((e=>{let i=!0;t.forEach((t=>{const r=`${e}|${t}`;!s.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(e,t)?this.state[r]=2:this.state[r]<0||(1===this.state[r]?void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0):(this.state[r]=1,i=!1,void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0),void 0===n[r]&&(n[r]=!0),void 0===a[t]&&(a[t]=!0)))})),i||(r[e]=!0)})),(Object.keys(n).length||Object.keys(o).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:o,pendingCount:Object.keys(o).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:i}),{toLoad:Object.keys(n),pending:Object.keys(o),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(r),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(e,t,s){const i=e.split("|"),n=i[0],o=i[1];t&&this.emit("failedLoading",n,o,t),!t&&s&&this.store.addResourceBundle(n,o,s,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[e]=t?-1:2,t&&s&&(this.state[e]=0);const r={};this.queue.forEach((s=>{((e,t,s)=>{const{obj:i,k:n}=m(e,t,Object);i[n]=i[n]||[],i[n].push(s)})(s.loaded,[n],o),((e,t)=>{void 0!==e.pending[t]&&(delete e.pending[t],e.pendingCount--)})(s,e),t&&s.errors.push(t),0!==s.pendingCount||s.done||(Object.keys(s.loaded).forEach((e=>{r[e]||(r[e]={});const t=s.loaded[e];t.length&&t.forEach((t=>{void 0===r[e][t]&&(r[e][t]=!0)}))})),s.done=!0,s.errors.length?s.callback(s.errors):s.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",r),this.queue=this.queue.filter((e=>!e.done))}read(e,t,s,i=0,n=this.retryTimeout,o){if(!e.length)return o(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:e,ns:t,fcName:s,tried:i,wait:n,callback:o});this.readingCalls++;const r=(r,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const e=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(e.lng,e.ns,e.fcName,e.tried,e.wait,e.callback)}r&&a&&i<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,e,t,s,i+1,2*n,o)}),n):o(r,a)},a=this.backend[s].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(e,t,r);try{const s=a(e,t);s&&"function"==typeof s.then?s.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,s)}catch(e){r(e)}}prepareLoading(e,t,s={},i){if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),i&&i();u(e)&&(e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e)),u(t)&&(t=[t]);const n=this.queueLoad(e,t,s,i);if(!n.toLoad.length)return n.pending.length||i(),null;n.toLoad.forEach((e=>{this.loadOne(e)}))}load(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{},s)}reload(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{reload:!0},s)}loadOne(e,t=""){const s=e.split("|"),i=s[0],n=s[1];this.read(i,n,"read",void 0,void 0,((s,o)=>{s&&this.logger.warn(`${t}loading namespace ${n} for language ${i} failed`,s),!s&&o&&this.logger.log(`${t}loaded namespace ${n} for language ${i}`,o),this.loaded(e,s,o)}))}saveMissing(e,t,s,i,n,o={},r=()=>{}){if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(t)){if(null!=s&&""!==s){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...o,isUpdate:n},l=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(l.length<6)try{let n;n=5===l.length?l(e,t,s,i,a):l(e,t,s,i),n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,n)}catch(e){r(e)}else l(e,t,s,i,r,a)}e&&e[0]&&this.store.addResource(e[0],t,s,i)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${s}" as the namespace "${t}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const W=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:e=>{let t={};if("object"==typeof e[1]&&(t=e[1]),u(e[1])&&(t.defaultValue=e[1]),u(e[2])&&(t.tDescription=e[2]),"object"==typeof e[2]||"object"==typeof e[3]){const s=e[3]||e[2];Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{t[e]=s[e]}))}return t},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:e=>e,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0},cacheInBuiltFormats:!0}),Y=e=>(u(e.ns)&&(e.ns=[e.ns]),u(e.fallbackLng)&&(e.fallbackLng=[e.fallbackLng]),u(e.fallbackNS)&&(e.fallbackNS=[e.fallbackNS]),e.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(e.supportedLngs=e.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof e.initImmediate&&(e.initAsync=e.initImmediate),e),G=()=>{},Q="__i18next_supportNoticeShown";class Z extends C{constructor(e={},t){var s;if(super(),this.options=Y(e),this.services={},this.logger=$,this.modules={external:[]},s=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(s)).forEach((e=>{"function"==typeof s[e]&&(s[e]=s[e].bind(s))})),t&&!this.isInitialized&&!e.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(e,t),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(e,t)}),0)}}init(e={},t){this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof e&&(t=e,e={}),null==e.defaultNS&&e.ns&&(u(e.ns)?e.defaultNS=e.ns:e.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(e.defaultNS=e.ns[0]));const s=W();var i;this.options={...s,...this.options,...Y(e)},this.options.interpolation={...s.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==e.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=e.keySeparator),void 0!==e.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=e.nsSeparator),"function"!=typeof this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler=s.overloadTranslationOptionHandler),!1===this.options.showSupportNotice||(i=this,i?.modules?.backend?.name?.indexOf("Locize")>0||i?.modules?.backend?.constructor?.name?.indexOf("Locize")>0||i?.options?.backend?.backends&&i.options.backend.backends.some((e=>e?.name?.indexOf("Locize")>0||e?.constructor?.name?.indexOf("Locize")>0))||i?.options?.backend?.projectId||i?.options?.backend?.backendOptions&&i.options.backend.backendOptions.some((e=>e?.projectId)))||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis[Q]||"undefined"!=typeof process&&process.env&&process.env.I18NEXT_NO_SUPPORT_NOTICE||("undefined"!=typeof console&&void 0!==console.info&&console.info("🌐 i18next is made possible by our own product, Locize — consider powering your project with managed localization (AI, CDN, integrations): https://locize.com 💙"),"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&(globalThis[Q]=!0));const n=e=>e?"function"==typeof e?new e:e:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let e;this.modules.logger?$.init(n(this.modules.logger),this.options):$.init(null,this.options),e=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:J;const t=new D(this.options);this.store=new N(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=$,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=t,i.pluralResolver=new U(t,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix});this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==s.interpolation.format&&this.logger.deprecate("init: you are still using the legacy format function, please use the new approach: https://www.i18next.com/translation-function/formatting"),!e||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==s.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=n(e),i.formatter.init&&i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new B(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new X(n(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",((e,...t)=>{this.emit(e,...t)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=n(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=n(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new F(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",((e,...t)=>{this.emit(e,...t)})),this.modules.external.forEach((e=>{e.init&&e.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,t||(t=G),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const e=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);e.length>0&&"dev"!==e[0]&&(this.options.lng=e[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=(...t)=>this.store[e](...t)}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=(...t)=>(this.store[e](...t),this)}));const o=h(),r=()=>{const e=(e,s)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),o.resolve(s),t(e,s)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return e(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,e)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?r():setTimeout(r,0),o}loadResources(e,t=G){let s=t;const i=u(e)?e:this.language;if("function"==typeof e&&(s=e),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===i?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return s();const e=[],t=t=>{if(!t)return;if("cimode"===t)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t).forEach((t=>{"cimode"!==t&&e.indexOf(t)<0&&e.push(t)}))};if(i)t(i);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((e=>t(e)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((e=>t(e))),this.services.backendConnector.load(e,this.options.ns,(e=>{e||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),s(e)}))}else s(null)}reloadResources(e,t,s){const i=h();return"function"==typeof e&&(s=e,e=void 0),"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t=void 0),e||(e=this.languages),t||(t=this.options.ns),s||(s=G),this.services.backendConnector.reload(e,t,(e=>{i.resolve(),s(e)})),i}use(e){if(!e)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!e.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===e.type&&(this.modules.backend=e),("logger"===e.type||e.log&&e.warn&&e.error)&&(this.modules.logger=e),"languageDetector"===e.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=e),"i18nFormat"===e.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=e),"postProcessor"===e.type&&E.addPostProcessor(e),"formatter"===e.type&&(this.modules.formatter=e),"3rdParty"===e.type&&this.modules.external.push(e),this}setResolvedLanguage(e){if(e&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1)){for(let e=0;e<this.languages.length;e++){const t=this.languages[e];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t)){this.resolvedLanguage=t;break}}!this.resolvedLanguage&&this.languages.indexOf(e)<0&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e)&&(this.resolvedLanguage=e,this.languages.unshift(e))}}changeLanguage(e,t){this.isLanguageChangingTo=e;const s=h();this.emit("languageChanging",e);const i=e=>{this.language=e,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(e)},n=(n,o)=>{o?this.isLanguageChangingTo===e&&(i(o),this.translator.changeLanguage(o),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",o),this.logger.log("languageChanged",o)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,s.resolve(((...e)=>this.t(...e))),t&&t(n,((...e)=>this.t(...e)))},o=t=>{e||t||!this.services.languageDetector||(t=[]);const s=u(t)?t:t&&t[0],o=this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(s)?s:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(u(t)?[t]:t);o&&(this.language||i(o),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(o),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(o)),this.loadResources(o,(e=>{n(e,o)}))};return e||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!e&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(o):this.services.languageDetector.detect(o):o(e):o(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),s}getFixedT(e,t,s){const i=(e,t,...n)=>{let o;o="object"!=typeof t?this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([e,t].concat(n)):{...t},o.lng=o.lng||i.lng,o.lngs=o.lngs||i.lngs,o.ns=o.ns||i.ns,""!==o.keyPrefix&&(o.keyPrefix=o.keyPrefix||s||i.keyPrefix);const r={...this.options,...o};"function"==typeof o.keyPrefix&&(o.keyPrefix=A(o.keyPrefix,r));const a=this.options.keySeparator||".";let l;return o.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(e)?l=e.map((e=>("function"==typeof e&&(e=A(e,r)),`${o.keyPrefix}${a}${e}`))):("function"==typeof e&&(e=A(e,r)),l=o.keyPrefix?`${o.keyPrefix}${a}${e}`:e),this.t(l,o)};return u(e)?i.lng=e:i.lngs=e,i.ns=t,i.keyPrefix=s,i}t(...e){return this.translator?.translate(...e)}exists(...e){return this.translator?.exists(...e)}setDefaultNamespace(e){this.options.defaultNS=e}hasLoadedNamespace(e,t={}){if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized",this.languages),!1;if(!this.languages||!this.languages.length)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty",this.languages),!1;const s=t.lng||this.resolvedLanguage||this.languages[0],i=!!this.options&&this.options.fallbackLng,n=this.languages[this.languages.length-1];if("cimode"===s.toLowerCase())return!0;const o=(e,t)=>{const s=this.services.backendConnector.state[`${e}|${t}`];return-1===s||0===s||2===s};if(t.precheck){const e=t.precheck(this,o);if(void 0!==e)return e}return!!this.hasResourceBundle(s,e)||(!(this.services.backendConnector.backend&&(!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages))||!(!o(s,e)||i&&!o(n,e)))}loadNamespaces(e,t){const s=h();return this.options.ns?(u(e)&&(e=[e]),e.forEach((e=>{this.options.ns.indexOf(e)<0&&this.options.ns.push(e)})),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}loadLanguages(e,t){const s=h();u(e)&&(e=[e]);const i=this.options.preload||[],n=e.filter((e=>i.indexOf(e)<0&&this.services.languageUtils.isSupportedCode(e)));return n.length?(this.options.preload=i.concat(n),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}dir(e){if(e||(e=this.resolvedLanguage||(this.languages?.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language)),!e)return"rtl";try{const t=new Intl.Locale(e);if(t&&t.getTextInfo){const e=t.getTextInfo();if(e&&e.direction)return e.direction}}catch(e){}const t=this.services?.languageUtils||new D(W());return 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